高考英语长难句60天打卡计划-第56-60天-综合强化 讲义-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦长难句突破，覆盖三大从句、非谓语动词、倒装句等核心语法考点，按60天打卡计划系统整合历年真题，通过核心词汇梳理、句子结构解剖、语法精讲及翻译技巧指导，帮助学生建立长难句分析框架，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料创新采用“破题四步法”教学策略，结合语言能力和思维品质培养，如引导学生通过找连词定位从句、提取主干理解句意，配合分层难度训练和真题实例解析，有效提升学生长难句理解与表达能力，为教师把控复习节奏、实现高效备考提供有力支持。

高考英语长难句60天打卡计划 第56-60天 综合强化 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 56：写作中的高级句式 第21句：高考写作范文中的复杂句式 No.21 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2021年全国乙卷 书面表达范文 【原句】 Not only does regular physical exercise contribute to the maintenance of good physical health by strengthening the immune system and reducing the risk of chronic diseases, but it also plays a vital role in promoting mental well-being by alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression, which is why health experts strongly recommend that everyone should engage in at least thirty minutes of moderate physical activity on a daily basis. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/ n. n. 维持，保持。the **maintenance** of good health 保持健康；**maintain** v. 维持。例：Regular exercise is essential for the **maintenance** of good health. strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ v. v. 加强，增强。**strengthen** the immune system 增强免疫系统；**strengthen** a relationship 加强关系。例：Exercise helps **strengthen** the immune system. immune system /ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/ n. n. 免疫系统。boost the **immune system** 增强免疫系统；a weak **immune system** 薄弱的免疫系统。例：A healthy diet supports the **immune system**. chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ （见搭配） adj. 慢性的，长期的。**chronic** disease 慢性病；**chronic** pain 慢性疼痛。例：Regular exercise can reduce the risk of **chronic** diseases. alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ v. v. 减轻，缓解。**alleviate** symptoms 缓解症状；**alleviate** pain/anxiety 减轻疼痛/焦虑；**alleviation** n. 缓解。例：Meditation can help **alleviate** symptoms of anxiety. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. v. 推荐，建议。**recommend** that sb. (should) do 建议某人做某事；**recommend** doing sth. 建议做某事；**recommendation** n. 推荐。例：Experts **recommend** that everyone exercise regularly. moderate /ˈmɒdərət/ （见搭配） adj. 适度的，温和的。**moderate** physical activity 适度体育活动；**moderate** intensity 中等强度。例：**Moderate** exercise, such as brisk walking, is sufficient. on a daily basis /ɒn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs/ （见搭配） 每天。**on a regular basis** 定期地；**on a weekly basis** 每周。例：You should exercise **on a daily basis** for best results. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 倒装句（否定词在句首）: Not only does regular physical exercise contribute to the maintenance of good physical health ... │ │ │ ├── 否定词 + 助动词提前: Not only does（部分倒装标志） │ ├── 主语: regular physical exercise │ ├── 谓语原形: contribute to │ ├── 宾语: the maintenance of good physical health │ ├── 方式状语: by strengthening the immune system │ └── 方式状语: and reducing the risk of chronic diseases │ ├── 并列句（正常语序）: but it also plays a vital role in promoting mental well-being by alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression │ │ │ ├── 主语: it（指代regular physical exercise） │ ├── 谓语: plays a vital role │ ├── 状语: in promoting mental well-being │ └── 方式状语: by alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression │ └── 非限制性定语从句: , which is why health experts strongly recommend that everyone should engage in at least thirty minutes of moderate physical activity on a daily basis │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代前文整件事） ├── 系动词: is └── 表语从句: why health experts strongly recommend that everyone should engage in at least thirty minutes of moderate physical activity on a daily basis │ ├── 连接副词: why ├── 主语: health experts ├── 谓语: strongly recommend └── 宾语从句: that everyone should engage in at least thirty minutes of moderate physical activity on a daily basis ├── 连接词: that ├── 主语: everyone ├── 谓语: should engage in └── 宾语: at least thirty minutes of moderate physical activity on a daily basis 【语法精讲】 一、Not only置于句首的倒装——高考写作最强提分句式 当 `not only` 位于句首时，所在的分句必须部分倒装——把助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前。 位置 语序 例句 Not only在句首 倒装: Not only does regular exercise contribute... Not only does he speak English, but he also speaks French. Not only不在句首 正常: Regular exercise not only contributes... He not only speaks English but also speaks French. 二、"by + 动名词"表示方式 句中两次出现 "by + doing" 结构：`by strengthening...and reducing...` 以及 `by alleviating...`，表示"通过某种方式来实现……"。 三、推荐类动词的虚拟语气——recommend that sb. (should) do `recommend that everyone should engage in...` 中，recommend表示"建议"，后接that从句时，从句谓语用"should + 动词原形"，should可以省略。 【翻译技巧】 1. Not only倒装的翻译：`Not only does...contribute to..., but it also plays...` 译为"规律体育锻炼不仅有助于……，而且还在……中发挥着重要作用" 2. by doing的翻译：`by strengthening...and reducing...` 译为"通过增强……和降低……" 3. which is why的翻译：译为"这就是为什么……"或"因此" 【参考译文】 规律体育锻炼不仅通过增强免疫系统和降低慢性疾病风险有助于保持良好身体健康，而且还在通过缓解焦虑和抑郁症状促进心理健康方面发挥着重要作用，这就是为什么健康专家强烈建议每个人都应该每天进行至少三十分钟的适度体育活动。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ Not only倒装的写作模板：在写作中，将"Not only + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语"放在句首，后面用"but also/but...also"连接，是瞬间提升句式水平的金句公式。例如："Not only can reading broaden our horizons, but it also enriches our knowledge."（阅读不仅能开阔我们的视野，还能丰富我们的知识。） —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第22句：可模仿的高级句式 No.22 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2020年全国卷II 书面表达范文 【原句】 Only when we fully realize the significance of protecting the environment and take concrete actions to reduce our carbon footprint can we hope to create a sustainable future for ourselves and for the generations that will come after us, who deserve to inherit a planet that is as beautiful and healthy as the one we have enjoyed. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. n. 重要性，意义。realize the **significance** of 意识到……的重要性；**significant** adj. 重要的。例：More people are realizing the **significance** of environmental protection. concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ （见搭配） adj. 具体的，实际的。take **concrete** actions 采取具体行动；**concrete** evidence 确凿证据。例：We need **concrete** actions, not just empty promises. carbon footprint /ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ n. n. 碳足迹。reduce one's **carbon footprint** 减少碳足迹；leave a **carbon footprint** 留下碳足迹。例：Using public transport reduces your **carbon footprint**. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ （见搭配） adj. 可持续的。**sustainable** future 可持续的未来；**sustainable** development 可持续发展。例：We must create a **sustainable** future for our children. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. n. 一代人。future **generations** 后代；the younger **generation** 年轻一代；from **generation** to **generation** 代代相传。例：We have a responsibility to future **generations**. inherit /ɪnˈherɪt/ v. v. 继承。**inherit** the earth 继承地球；**inherit** a tradition 继承传统；**inheritance** n. 遗产。例：Our children will **inherit** the consequences of our actions. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ v. v. 值得，应得。**deserve** to do 值得做；**deserve** respect 值得尊重。例：Everyone **deserves** to live in a clean environment. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── Only + 时间状语从句（引起主句倒装）: Only when we fully realize the significance ... and take concrete actions ... │ │ │ ├── Only + when: "只有当……" │ │ │ ├── 从句并列谓语1: we fully realize the significance of protecting the environment │ │ ├── 主语: we │ │ ├── 谓语: fully realize │ │ └── 宾语: the significance of protecting the environment │ │ │ ├── 并列连词: and │ │ │ └── 从句并列谓语2: (we) take concrete actions to reduce our carbon footprint │ ├── 主语: we（省略） │ ├── 谓语: take concrete actions │ └── 目的状语: to reduce our carbon footprint │ ├── 主句（部分倒装）: can we hope to create a sustainable future for ourselves and for the generations │ ├── 情态动词倒装: can（提到主语前） │ ├── 主语: we │ ├── 谓语: hope │ └── 宾语: to create a sustainable future for ourselves and for the generations │ └── 定语从句: that will come after us │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代generations，在从句中作主语） │ └── 谓语: will come after us │ └── 非限制性定语从句: , who deserve to inherit a planet └── 定语从句嵌套: that is as beautiful and healthy as the one (that) we have enjoyed ├── 关系代词: that（指代planet，在从句中作主语） ├── 系动词: is ├── 表语（比较结构）: as beautiful and healthy as the one └── 定语从句: (that) we have enjoyed（修饰the one） ├── 关系代词: that（作enjoyed的宾语，已省略） ├── 主语: we └── 谓语: have enjoyed（现在完成时） 【语法精讲】 一、"Only + 状语"置于句首引起的部分倒装 当"Only + 状语（从句/介词短语/副词）"位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装。 Only + 状语类型 例句 Only + 时间状语从句（本句） Only when we realize... can we hope... Only + 介词短语 Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only + 副词 Only then did I realize the truth. 重要提示：Only + 状语才引起倒装，如果Only + 主语（如"Only he knows"），不倒装！ 二、嵌套定语从句——that/who/that的三层嵌套 本句的后半部分包含三个定语从句的嵌套： the generations [that will come after us], who deserve to inherit a planet [that is as beautiful...as the one (that) we have enjoyed] 这种三层定语从句嵌套是高考阅读中最高难度的结构之一。 三、as...as...比较结构在定语从句中的应用 `as beautiful and healthy as the one we have enjoyed` 中，"as + 形容词原级 + as + 比较对象"结构被嵌套在定语从句中，构成双重语法结构的叠加。 【翻译技巧】 1. Only倒装的翻译：还原为正常语序"Only when we realize...we can hope..."，再译为"只有当我们意识到……我们才有希望……" 2. 嵌套定语从句的翻译：三层嵌套需要拆分成短句，不能直接翻译成汉语的长定语 3. as...as比较结构的翻译：`as beautiful and healthy as the one we have enjoyed` 译为"像我们曾经享有的那个星球一样美丽和健康" 【参考译文】 只有当我们充分认识到保护环境的重要性并采取具体行动来减少碳足迹时，我们才有希望为我们自己和我们的后代创造一个可持续的未来——他们理应继承一个像我们曾经享有的那个一样美丽和健康的星球。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ Only倒装写作公式：写作中想表达"只有……才能……"时，使用"Only + 状语 + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语"的倒装结构。满分公式：`Only when/by/through + ... + 情态动词/助动词 + 主语 + 谓语` —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 57：翻译与结构转换 第23句：英汉差异明显的长句 No.23 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2022年全国乙卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 It is widely acknowledged by educational experts that the key to helping students achieve academic success does not lie solely in the quality of teaching materials or the facilities available at school, but rather in the cultivation of their intrinsic motivation and the development of effective learning strategies that suit their individual needs and characteristics. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ v. v. 承认，公认。it is widely **acknowledged** that... 人们普遍认为……；**acknowledgment** n. 承认。例：It is widely **acknowledged** that education is important. academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ （见搭配） adj. 学业的，学术的。**academic** success 学业成功；**academic** performance 学业表现；**academy** n. 学院。例：Good study habits contribute to **academic** success. solely /ˈsəʊlli/ （见搭配） adv. 仅仅，完全地。**solely** in 仅仅在于；**sole** adj. 唯一的。例：Success does not depend **solely** on talent. cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn/ n. n. 培养，培育。the **cultivation** of motivation 积极性的培养；**cultivate** v. 培养。例：The **cultivation** of good habits is essential. intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk/ （见搭配） adj. 内在的，固有的。**intrinsic** motivation 内在动力；**intrinsic** value 内在价值（反义词：extrinsic 外在的）。例：**Intrinsic** motivation comes from within oneself. motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. n. 动力，积极性。**intrinsic** motivation 内在动力；**motivate** v. 激励；**motivated** adj. 有动力的。例：Students with high **motivation** tend to perform better. strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. n. 策略，方法。learning **strategies** 学习策略；develop a **strategy** 制定策略；**strategic** adj. 策略性的。例：Effective learning **strategies** can improve efficiency. suit /suːt/ v. v. 适合，适应。**suit** one's needs 适合某人的需求；**suitable** adj. 合适的。例：The teaching method should **suit** the students' needs. characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. n. 特征，特点。individual **characteristics** 个体特征；**characteristic** of ……的特征。例：Teaching should take students' individual **characteristics** into account. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 形式主语结构: It is widely acknowledged ... that ... │ ├── 形式主语: It │ ├── 谓语: is widely acknowledged（被动语态） │ │ │ └── 真正主语（主语从句）: that the key ... does not lie solely in ... but rather in ... │ │ │ ├── 连接词: that │ │ │ ├── 从句主语: the key │ │ └── 介词短语作后置定语: to helping students achieve academic success │ │ └── 动名词短语作宾语: helping students achieve academic success │ │ │ ├── 谓语: does not lie │ │ │ ├── 否定部分（介词短语）: solely in the quality of teaching materials or the facilities available at school │ │ ├── 并列宾语1: the quality of teaching materials │ │ └── 并列宾语2: the facilities available at school（形容词短语作后置定语） │ │ │ ├── 转折连接词: but rather │ │ │ └── 肯定部分（介词短语）: in the cultivation ... and the development ... │ │ │ ├── 并列宾语1: the cultivation of their intrinsic motivation │ │ │ └── 并列宾语2: the development of effective learning strategies │ └── 定语从句: that suit their individual needs and characteristics │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代strategies，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: suit │ └── 宾语: their individual needs and characteristics 【语法精讲】 一、形式主语it——使句式更客观 `It is widely acknowledged...that...` 是形式主语句型，其中 `It` 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 `that` 从句。这种结构在正式文体中用于客观地表达观点。 二、"not...but rather..."——强烈的对比结构 `does not lie solely in...but rather in...` 意为"不仅仅在于……而更在于……"，比普通的 `not...but...` 语气更强，更强调后者的重要性。 三、the key to (doing) sth. 注意：key（关键）后用介词 `to`，而不是 `of`。`the key to helping students...` 中 `to` 是介词，所以后面跟动名词 `helping`。这是高考语法填空的高频考点。 【翻译技巧】 1. 形式主语的翻译：`It is widely acknowledged...that...` 译为"教育专家们普遍认为……"或将被动转为主动 2. not...but rather...的翻译：`does not lie solely in...but rather in...` 译为"不仅仅在于……而更在于……" 3. the key to的翻译：`the key to helping students achieve academic success` 译为"帮助学生取得学业成功的关键" 【参考译文】 教育专家们普遍认为，帮助学生取得学业成功的关键不仅仅在于教材的质量或学校可用的设施，而更在于培养他们的内在动机以及发展适合他们个人需求和特点的有效学习策略。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 英汉被动语态的转换：英语原文 `It is widely acknowledged...`（被动）在汉语中通常译为"人们普遍认为"或"……普遍认为"（主动）。英语多用被动，汉语多用主动。翻译时记住"英语被动→汉语主动"的转换技巧。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第24句：需要调整语序才能理解的长句 No.24 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2021年全国甲卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 So rapidly has technology advanced in recent decades that the way people communicate, work, and socialize has been transformed almost beyond recognition, and yet many of us have not fully considered the profound implications that these changes may have for our privacy, our relationships, and our overall well-being. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ （见搭配） adv. 迅速地，快速地。advance **rapidly** 快速进步；change **rapidly** 迅速变化；**rapid** adj. 迅速的。例：Technology has advanced **rapidly** over the past few decades. advance /ədˈvɑːns/ v. v. 进步，发展。technology **advances** 技术进步；**advance** in 在……方面的进步；**advanced** adj. 先进的。例：Medical science has **advanced** greatly in recent years. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. n. 十年。in recent **decades** 近几十年来；over the past **decade** 过去十年中。例：Great changes have taken place in recent **decades**. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. v. 转变，彻底改变。be **transformed** 被彻底改变；**transform** into 转变为；**transformation** n. 变革。例：The Internet has **transformed** the way we live. beyond recognition /bɪˈjɒnd ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ （见搭配） 无法辨认，面目全非。change **beyond recognition** 变得面目全非。例：The city has changed **beyond recognition** over the years. profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ （见搭配） adj. 深远的，深刻的。**profound** implications 深远的影响；**profound** impact 深刻的影响；**profoundly** adv. 深深地。例：The findings have **profound** implications for education. implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. n. 含义，影响。**implications** for 对……的影响；have **implications** 有影响。例：We need to consider the **implications** of this decision. privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ n. n. 隐私。protect **privacy** 保护隐私；invade one's **privacy** 侵犯某人的隐私；**private** adj. 私人的。例：The Internet raises concerns about **privacy**. well-being /ˌwel ˈbiːɪŋ/ n. n. 福祉，安康。overall **well-being** 整体健康水平；physical/mental **well-being** 身体/心理健康。例：We should consider the impact on our **well-being**. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 倒装结构（so...that...倒装）: So rapidly has technology advanced in recent decades that ... │ │ │ ├── 正常语序: Technology has advanced so rapidly in recent decades that ... │ │ │ ├── so + 副词置于句首: So rapidly（强调程度） │ ├── 助动词倒装: has（提到主语前） │ ├── 主语: technology │ ├── 过去分词: advanced │ └── 状语: in recent decades │ ├── 结果状语从句（与So对应）: that the way people communicate, work, and socialize has been transformed almost beyond recognition │ │ │ ├── 连接词: that │ │ │ ├── 主语: the way │ │ └── 定语从句（省略关系词）: people communicate, work, and socialize │ │ └── the way (in which/that) people communicate, work, and socialize │ │ │ ├── 谓语: has been transformed（现在完成时的被动语态） │ └── 状语: almost beyond recognition │ ├── 并列连词: and yet（然而，表转折） │ └── 并列分句: many of us have not fully considered the profound implications ... │ ├── 主语: many of us ├── 谓语: have not considered（现在完成时否定） ├── 宾语: the profound implications │ └── 定语从句: that these changes may have for our privacy, our relationships, and our overall well-being ├── 关系代词: that（指代implications，在从句中作have的宾语） ├── 主语: these changes ├── 谓语: may have └── 宾语（三个并列）: for our privacy, our relationships, and our overall well-being 【语法精讲】 一、"so + 形容词/副词"置于句首引起的倒装（so...that倒装） 当"so + 形容词/副词"位于句首表示强调时，主句需要部分倒装。 语序 例句 正常语序 Technology has advanced so rapidly that... 倒装语序 So rapidly has technology advanced that... 还原方法：看到句首的"So + 形容词/副词 + 助动词/be动词 + 主语 + ..."，将其还原为"主语 + 助动词/be动词 + so + 形容词/副词 + ..."即可。 二、"the way + 定语从句"——关系词的省略 `the way people communicate, work, and socialize` 中，`the way` 后的关系词（in which/that）被省略了。这是高考中的高频结构。 三、and yet——表示强烈的转折 `and yet` 是并列连词，表示转折，相当于 `but`，但语气更强。本句用 `and yet` 连接两个分句，前半句描述技术变革的迅猛，后半句转折指出人们对其影响的忽视，形成强烈对比。 【翻译技巧】 1. so...that倒装的翻译：先还原为正常语序——"Technology has advanced so rapidly...that..."，再译为"技术进步如此迅速……以至于……" 2. beyond recognition的翻译：译为"面目全非"或"几乎无法辨认" 3. and yet的翻译：译为"然而"或"但与此同时" 【参考译文】 近几十年来技术进步如此迅速，以至于人们沟通、工作和社交的方式已经被彻底改变几乎面目全非，然而我们许多人还没有充分思考这些变化可能对我们的隐私、人际关系和整体福祉所产生的深远影响。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ so...that倒装句的还原技巧：遇到以"So + adj./adv."开头的句子，将"be动词/助动词"后面的成分和主语对调，还原成正常语序。例如：So rapidly has technology advanced → Technology has advanced so rapidly。还原后再理解，像读普通句子一样简单。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 58：定语从句与非谓语综合 第25句：定语从句+非谓语的混合使用 No.25 | 难度系数：★★★★☆ | 来源：2022年新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 The researchers conducted a series of experiments designed to test whether the new drug, which had shown promising results in earlier laboratory tests on animals, would prove to be as effective when administered to human patients suffering from the disease. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 a series of /ə ˈsɪəriːz ɒv/ （见搭配） 一系列。a **series** of experiments 一系列实验；a **series** of events 一系列事件。例：The team conducted **a series of** tests. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. n. 实验，试验。conduct an **experiment** 进行实验；**experiment** on 用……做实验。例：The **experiment** produced significant results. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. v. 设计。be **designed** to do 旨在做……；**design** an experiment 设计实验。例：The study was **designed** to test the effectiveness of the drug. promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ （见搭配） adj. 有前景的，有希望的。**promising** results 有希望的结果；**promising** future 有前途的未来；**promise** v./n. 承诺/希望。例：The initial results are **promising**. laboratory /ləˈbɒrətri/ n. n. 实验室（= lab）。**laboratory** test 实验室测试；**laboratory** experiment 实验室实验。例：The drug was tested in a **laboratory** setting. administer /ədˈmɪnɪstə/ v. v. 施用，管理。**administer** a drug 施用药物；be **administered** to 被应用于；**administration** n. 施用/管理。例：The drug was **administered** to patients orally. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. n. 病人，患者。**patient** suffering from 患有……的病人；treat **patients** 治疗病人。例：The **patients** showed significant improvement after treatment. suffer from /ˈsʌfə frɒm/ （见搭配） 患有（疾病）；遭受。**suffer from** a disease 患有某种疾病；**suffer from** stress 承受压力。例：Many people **suffer from** this chronic condition. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): The researchers conducted a series of experiments │ ├── 主语: The researchers │ ├── 谓语: conducted │ └── 宾语: a series of experiments │ ├── 过去分词短语作后置定语: designed to test whether the new drug ... would prove to be as effective ... │ │ │ ├── 过去分词: designed（修饰experiments，相当于which were designed） │ ├── 目的状语: to test ... │ │ │ └── 宾语从句: whether the new drug ... would prove to be as effective │ │ │ ├── 连接词: whether（是否） │ │ │ ├── 从句主语: the new drug │ │ └── 非限制性定语从句: , which had shown promising results in earlier laboratory tests on animals, │ │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代drug，在从句中作主语） │ │ ├── 谓语: had shown（过去完成时） │ │ └── 宾语: promising results in earlier laboratory tests on animals │ │ │ └── 谓语: would prove to be as effective │ └── 比较结构: as effective │ └── 时间状语从句（省略）: when (it was) administered to human patients suffering from the disease │ ├── 连接词: when │ ├── 主语: it（省略） │ ├── 谓语: was administered（省略was） │ ├── 状语: to human patients │ └── 现在分词短语作后置定语: suffering from the disease（修饰patients） 【语法精讲】 一、过去分词短语（designed to...）作后置定语 `experiments designed to test whether...` 中，`designed` 是过去分词，修饰 `experiments`，相当于 `which were designed to...`。 二、"when + 过去分词"的省略结构——when administered `when administered to human patients` 是 "when + 过去分词" 的省略结构，完整形式为 `when it was administered to human patients`。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致（或被动态中的it一致）且谓语包含be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词。 常见省略结构： 连词 省略形式 完整形式 when when administered when it was administered while while waiting while he was waiting if if necessary if it is necessary though though tired though he was tired 【翻译技巧】 1. 过去分词后置定语的翻译：`experiments designed to test...` 译为"旨在测试……的一系列实验" 2. which非限制性定语从句的翻译：用破折号或括号插入，译为"（该药物在早期的动物实验中显示出令人鼓舞的结果）" 3. when + 过去分词省略结构：`when administered to human patients` 译为"当被用于人类患者时" 【参考译文】 研究人员进行了一系列旨在测试这种新药是否同样有效的实验——该药物在早期的动物实验中显示出令人鼓舞的结果——当用于患有该疾病的人类患者时。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ "省略结构"的识别方法：看到 "when/while/if/though + 过去分词/现在分词/形容词" 的结构，就是状语从句的省略。判断方法：补上主语和be动词，看看是否通顺。例：`when administered` → `when it was administered` ✓。口诀："状语从句有省略，补全主谓即理解。" —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第26句：前面所学语法点的综合运用 No.26 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2020年全国卷III 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 Determined to find a solution to the growing energy crisis that threatens the sustainable development of the global economy, an international team of scientists has been working tirelessly on a revolutionary project aimed at harnessing solar energy more efficiently than ever before. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. n. 解决方案。a **solution** to a problem 问题的解决方案；find a **solution** 找到解决方案。例：Scientists are seeking a **solution** to the energy crisis. energy crisis /ˈenədʒi ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. n. 能源危机。the growing **energy crisis** 日益严重的能源危机；solve the **energy crisis** 解决能源危机。例：The **energy crisis** requires urgent attention. threaten /ˈθretn/ v. v. 威胁。**threaten** the development of 威胁……的发展；be **threatened** by 受到……的威胁。例：Climate change **threatens** the future of our planet. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ （见搭配） adj. 可持续的。**sustainable** development 可持续发展；**sustainable** energy 可持续能源。例：We need to shift to **sustainable** energy sources. global economy /ˈɡləʊbl ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. n. 全球经济。the **global economy** 全球经济；**global** adj. 全球的；**economic** adj. 经济的。例：The **global economy** relies heavily on fossil fuels. tirelessly /ˈtaɪələsli/ （见搭配） adv. 不懈地，不知疲倦地。work **tirelessly** on 不懈地致力于；**tireless** adj. 不懈的；**tire** v. 使疲倦。例：The team has been working **tirelessly** on the project. revolutionary /ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri/ （见搭配） adj. 革命性的，突破性的。a **revolutionary** project 革命性的项目；**revolution** n. 革命。例：The new technology is **revolutionary** in its approach. harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ v. v. 利用（自然力），驾驭。**harness** solar energy 利用太阳能；**harness** the power of 利用……的力量。例：We need to learn to **harness** renewable energy sources. efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃntli/ （见搭配） adv. 高效地。work **efficiently** 高效地工作；**efficient** adj. 高效的；**efficiency** n. 效率。例：The new system converts sunlight into electricity more **efficiently**. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 过去分词短语作原因/状态状语: Determined to find a solution to the growing energy crisis │ │ │ ├── 过去分词: Determined（表"下定决心的"状态，逻辑主语为主句主语） │ │ │ └── 定语从句: that threatens the sustainable development of the global economy │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代crisis，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: threatens │ └── 宾语: the sustainable development of the global economy │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): an international team of scientists has been working tirelessly on a revolutionary project │ ├── 主语: an international team of scientists │ ├── 谓语: has been working（现在完成进行时） │ └── 状语: tirelessly on a revolutionary project │ └── 过去分词短语作后置定语: aimed at harnessing solar energy more efficiently than ever before ├── 过去分词短语: aimed at（修饰project，相当于which is aimed at） ├── 动名词宾语: harnessing solar energy └── 比较状语: more efficiently than ever before 【语法精讲】 一、三大非谓语形式在同一句中的综合运用 本句包含三个非谓语结构，功能各不相同： 非谓语 形式 功能 说明 Determined 过去分词 原因/状态状语 表"下定决心的"状态 working 现在分词 构成谓语（现在完成进行时） has been working aimed at 过去分词 后置定语 修饰project 二、现在完成进行时（has been working） `has been working tirelessly` 使用现在完成进行时，强调这个动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并且可能还在继续。比现在完成时更强调"持续不断"的意味。 三、more efficiently than ever before——比较结构 `harnessing solar energy more efficiently than ever before` 使用比较级 + than ever before，表达"比以往任何时候都更高效"。 【翻译技巧】 1. Determined to...的翻译：`Determined to find a solution to...` 译为"决心找到……的解决方案"，体现主语的坚定决心 2. 定语从句的翻译：`crisis that threatens the sustainable development of the global economy` 译为"威胁全球经济可持续发展的（危机）" 3. aimed at doing的翻译：`aimed at harnessing solar energy` 译为"旨在利用太阳能" 【参考译文】 一个由多国科学家组成的团队决心找到解决日益严重的能源危机的方案——该危机正威胁着全球经济的可持续发展——他们一直不懈地致力于一个革命性的项目，旨在比以往任何时候都更高效地利用太阳能。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 现在完成进行时的使用场景：当强调一个动作"一直在做、不断在做、可能还要继续做"时，用现在完成进行时（has/have been doing）。标志词：all day, recently, for + 时间（强调持续）。相比现在完成时的"已完成"或"经历"，现在完成进行时更强调"持续进行"的意味。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 59：名词性从句与状语从句综合 第27句：含名词性从句和状语从句的综合句 No.27 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2021年新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 What makes the research particularly significant is that it not only provides convincing evidence for the effectiveness of early intervention programs that target children from disadvantaged backgrounds, but also offers practical recommendations for policymakers who are seeking to improve educational outcomes for all students. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 particularly /pəˈtɪkjʊləli/ （见搭配） adv. 特别地，尤其。**particularly** significant 特别重要；**particular** adj. 特别的。例：This finding is **particularly** noteworthy. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ （见搭配） adj. 重要的，有意义的。**significant** research 重要研究；**significance** n. 重要性。例：The study makes a **significant** contribution to the field. convincing /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/ （见搭配） adj. 有说服力的，令人信服的。**convincing** evidence 令人信服的证据；**convince** v. 说服。例：The researchers provided **convincing** evidence for their claims. effectiveness /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/ n. n. 有效性，效果。the **effectiveness** of ……的有效性；**effective** adj. 有效的。例：The **effectiveness** of the program has been proven. intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. n. 干预，介入。early **intervention** 早期干预；**intervention** program 干预项目；**intervene** v. 干预。例：Early **intervention** can make a significant difference. disadvantaged /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd/ （见搭配） adj. 处于不利地位的，贫困的。**disadvantaged** backgrounds 不利背景；**disadvantaged** children 贫困儿童；**advantage** n. 优势。例：The program aims to help children from **disadvantaged** backgrounds. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ （见搭配） adj. 实际的，实用的。**practical** recommendations 实际建议；**practical** application 实际应用；**practically** adv. 实际地。例：The report offers **practical** suggestions for improvement. recommendation /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/ n. n. 建议，推荐。make **recommendations** 提出建议；**recommend** v. 推荐。例：The **recommendations** were based on solid research. policymaker /ˈpɒləsiˌmeɪkə/ n. n. 政策制定者。**policymaker** n. 决策者；**policy** n. 政策。例：The research provides guidance for **policymakers**. seek to /siːk tuː/ v. v. 试图，寻求。**seek** to do sth. 试图做某事；**seek** improvement 寻求改进。例：The government **seeks to** improve the education system. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主语从句 (Subject Clause): What makes the research particularly significant │ ├── 连接代词: What（在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: makes │ ├── 宾语: the research │ └── 宾语补足语: particularly significant │ ├── 系动词: is │ └── 表语从句 (Predicative Clause): that it not only provides convincing evidence ... but also offers practical recommendations ... │ ├── 连接词: that ├── 主语: it（指代the research） │ ├── 并列谓语 1: not only provides convincing evidence for the effectiveness of early intervention programs │ └── 定语从句: that target children from disadvantaged backgrounds │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代programs，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: target │ └── 宾语: children from disadvantaged backgrounds │ ├── 并列连词: but also │ └── 并列谓语 2: offers practical recommendations for policymakers └── 定语从句: who are seeking to improve educational outcomes for all students ├── 关系代词: who（指代policymakers，在从句中作主语） ├── 谓语: are seeking to improve └── 宾语: educational outcomes for all students 【语法精讲】 一、What引导的主语从句 + 表语从句——名词性从句的终极综合 本句的结构是"主语从句（What...is...）+ 表语从句（that...）"，是名词性从句中最典型的高级结构。 阅读方法： 1. 先读What从句——使这项研究特别重要的是什么 2. 找到系动词is 3. 再读that表语从句——具体内容 二、not only...but also...在表语从句中连接并列谓语 表语从句内部，`not only...but also...` 连接两个并列的谓语动词： - `provides convincing evidence for...`（提供了令人信服的证据） - `offers practical recommendations for...`（提供了实际建议） 三、两个定语从句分别修饰不同的先行词 定语从句 先行词 关系词 功能 that target children... programs that（作主语） 限制性定语，说明是哪些项目 who are seeking to improve... policymakers who（作主语） 限制性定语，说明是哪些决策者 【翻译技巧】 1. What主语从句的翻译：`What makes the research particularly significant is that...` 译为"使这项研究特别重要的是……" 2. not only...but also的翻译：译为"不仅……而且……" 3. 两个定语从句的翻译：都前置译为"针对弱势背景儿童的（早期干预项目）"和"寻求改善所有学生教育成果的（政策制定者）" 【参考译文】 使这项研究特别重要的是，它不仅为针对弱势背景儿童的早期干预项目的有效性提供了令人信服的证据，而且还为那些寻求改善所有学生教育成果的政策制定者提供了实际建议。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ what从句主语 + is + that从句表语的写作模板：这是高考写作中最高级的句式之一。模式："What + 主题 + 动词 + is that + 具体内容"。例如："What makes this approach unique is that it combines theoretical knowledge with practical experience."（使这种方法独特的是，它将理论知识与实践经验结合起来。） —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第28句：多种语法现象同时出现的句子 No.28 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2019年全国卷I 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 Although the exact mechanisms by which the human brain is able to process and store vast amounts of information remain largely unknown to scientists, recent advances in neuroscience have provided new insights into how memories are formed, consolidated, and retrieved over time. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/ n. n. 机制，机理。the **mechanisms** by which ……的机制；underlying **mechanism** 潜在机制。例：Scientists are studying the **mechanisms** of memory formation. process /ˈprəʊses/ v. v. 处理。**process** information 处理信息；**process** data 处理数据。例：The brain **processes** vast amounts of information every second. store /stɔː/ v. v. 存储。**store** information 储存信息；**store** memories 储存记忆。例：The human brain can **store** an enormous amount of data. vast /vɑːst/ （见搭配） adj. 巨大的，大量的。**vast** amounts of 大量的；**vast** knowledge 渊博的知识；**vastly** adv. 巨大地。例：The brain can hold **vast** amounts of information. largely /ˈlɑːdʒli/ （见搭配） adv. 很大程度上，主要地。remain **largely** unknown 在很大程度上仍未知；**large** adj. 大的。例：The mechanism remains **largely** a mystery. neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəsaɪəns/ n. n. 神经科学。advances in **neuroscience** 神经科学的进展；**neuroscientist** n. 神经科学家。例：Recent advances in **neuroscience** have revealed much about the brain. consolidate /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/ v. v. 巩固，强化。**consolidate** memories 巩固记忆；**consolidation** n. 巩固。例：Sleep plays an important role in **consolidating** memories. retrieve /rɪˈtriːv/ v. v. 检索，找回。**retrieve** information 检索信息；**retrieve** memories 回忆；**retrieval** n. 检索。例：The ability to **retrieve** information quickly is important. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 让步状语从句: Although the exact mechanisms ... remain largely unknown to scientists │ │ │ ├── 连接词: Although（虽然，引导让步状语从句） │ │ │ ├── 从句主语: the exact mechanisms │ │ └── 定语从句: by which the human brain is able to process and store vast amounts of information │ │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代mechanisms，在从句中作介词by的宾语） │ │ ├── 介词: by（表示"通过某种机制"） │ │ ├── 主语: the human brain │ │ ├── 谓语: is able to process and store │ │ └── 宾语: vast amounts of information │ │ │ ├── 系动词: remain │ └── 表语: largely unknown to scientists │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): recent advances in neuroscience have provided new insights into ... │ ├── 主语: recent advances in neuroscience │ ├── 谓语: have provided（现在完成时） │ └── 宾语: new insights into ... │ └── 宾语从句（介词into的宾语）: how memories are formed, consolidated, and retrieved over time │ ├── 连接副词: how（在从句中作方式状语） │ ├── 主语: memories │ ├── 并列谓语 1: are formed（被动语态） │ ├── 并列谓语 2: (are) consolidated（省略are） │ └── 并列谓语 3: (are) retrieved（省略are） 【语法精讲】 一、"介词 + which"引导的定语从句——by which `the mechanisms by which the human brain...processes information` 中，`by which` 是"介词 + 关系代词"结构。介词的选择取决于先行词与动词的搭配：`mechanisms by which the brain processes`（大脑通过这些机制处理信息）。 常见介词 + which的用法： 介词 + which 使用场景 例句 by which 通过某种方式/机制 the means by which... in which 在某种方式/环境中 the way in which... through which 经过某种过程 the process through which... with which 使用某种工具 the tool with which... 二、三个并列的被动谓语——are formed, consolidated, and retrieved `how memories are formed, consolidated, and retrieved` 中，三个并列的动词共用 `are`（被动语态），描述记忆的三个阶段：形成 → 巩固 → 检索。 三、"让步状语从句 + 主句"的对比结构 本句使用"Although...（虽然……）+ 主句（但……）"的结构，形成"未知 vs. 进展"的对比，这是学术议论文的典型结构。 【翻译技巧】 1. Although的翻译：译为"虽然……但……"，汉语中"虽然……但……"可以成对使用 2. by which定语从句的翻译：`the mechanisms by which the human brain...processes and stores...` 译为"人脑……处理和储存大量信息所通过的机制" 3. provide insights into的翻译：`have provided new insights into how...` 译为"为了解……提供了新的洞见" 【参考译文】 虽然人脑处理和储存大量信息所通过的确切机制在很大程度上仍不为人所知，但神经科学的最新进展为了解记忆如何随着时间被形成、巩固和检索提供了新的洞见。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ "介词+which"中介词的选择方法：介词的选择取决于(1)从句中的动词固定搭配 或 (2)先行词的固定搭配。本句中 `by which` 是因为"by the mechanism"（通过该机制）。解题技巧：将先行词代入从句，看需要什么介词。例：the brain processes information by the mechanism → 所以用 by which。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📅 Day 60：结业挑战——高考最难长句 第29句：近年高考中最具挑战性的句子 No.29 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2022年新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 What the researchers have discovered through years of careful observation and analysis is that the way in which children interact with their peers during early childhood plays a crucial role in shaping their social competence and emotional development, which in turn affects their academic performance and overall well-being throughout their school years and beyond. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. n. 观察。careful **observation** 仔细观察；**observation** period 观察期；**observe** v. 观察。例：Years of careful **observation** led to this discovery. analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n. n. 分析。careful **analysis** 仔细分析；**analyze** v. 分析；**analytical** adj. 分析的。例：The **analysis** of the data revealed important patterns. interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ v. v. 互动，交流。**interact** with 与……互动；**interaction** n. 互动；**interactive** adj. 互动的。例：It is important for children to **interact** with their peers. peer /pɪə/ n. n. 同龄人。**peer** interaction 同龄人互动；**peer** group 同龄群体；**peer** pressure 同龄人压力。例：Children learn social skills through **peer** interaction. childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. n. 童年。early **childhood** 幼儿时期；**childhood** development 儿童发展。例：Experiences in early **childhood** shape later development. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ （见搭配） adj. 至关重要的。play a **crucial** role in 在……中起关键作用；**crucial** to/for 对……至关重要。例：Early education plays a **crucial** role in development. shape /ʃeɪp/ v. v. 塑造，形成。**shape** one's development 塑造某人的发展；**shape** one's character 塑造性格。例：Childhood experiences **shape** who we become as adults. competence /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/ n. n. 能力，胜任。social **competence** 社交能力；**competent** adj. 有能力的。例：Social **competence** is essential for success in life. emotional /ɪˈməʊʃənl/ （见搭配） adj. 情感的。**emotional** development 情感发展；**emotional** intelligence 情商；**emotion** n. 情感。例：Parents play a key role in children's **emotional** development. in turn /ɪn tɜːn/ （见搭配） 相应地，转而。which **in turn** affects... 这进而会影响……；**turn** n. 轮流。例：Social skills **in turn** affect academic performance. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 主语从句 (Subject Clause): What the researchers have discovered through years of careful observation and analysis │ ├── 连接代词: What（在从句中作discovered的宾语） │ ├── 主语: the researchers │ ├── 谓语: have discovered（现在完成时） │ └── 状语: through years of careful observation and analysis │ ├── 系动词: is │ └── 表语从句 (Predicative Clause): that the way ... plays a crucial role in shaping their social competence and emotional development │ ├── 连接词: that │ ├── 从句主语: the way │ └── 定语从句: in which children interact with their peers during early childhood │ ├── 关系代词: which（指代the way） │ ├── 介词: in │ ├── 主语: children │ ├── 谓语: interact │ └── 状语: with their peers during early childhood │ ├── 谓语: plays ├── 宾语: a crucial role └── 状语: in shaping their social competence and emotional development ├── 动名词1: shaping social competence └── 动名词2: (shaping) emotional development │ └── 非限制性定语从句: , which in turn affects their academic performance and overall well-being throughout their school years and beyond ├── 关系代词: which（指代前面整件事：社交能力和情感发展） ├── 状语: in turn ├── 谓语: affects └── 宾语: their academic performance and overall well-being └── 时间状语: throughout their school years and beyond 【语法精讲】 一、主语从句 + 表语从句 + 定语从句 + 非限制性定语从句——四级嵌套 本句是全书最具挑战性的嵌套结构之一： [主语从句: What researchers discovered] is [表语从句: that the way [定语从句: in which children interact with peers] plays a role in shaping...] , [非限制性定语从句: which in turn affects...] 层层分析： 1. 第1层：What researchers discovered is...（主语从句 + 系动词） 2. 第2层：that the way plays a crucial role...（表语从句） 3. 第3层：in which children interact...（定语从句修饰way） 4. 第4层：which in turn affects...（非限制性定语从句修饰前面整件事） 二、"play a crucial role in (doing) sth."——固定搭配 `plays a crucial role in shaping their social competence` 是高考写作和阅读中的高频搭配，意为"在……中起关键作用"。 三、in turn——表示连锁反应 `which in turn affects...` 中的 `in turn` 表示"进而、相应地"，说明前面提到的因素（社交能力和情感发展）进而会影响后面的结果（学业表现和整体健康）。 【翻译技巧】 1. What主语从句的翻译：`What the researchers have discovered...is that...` 译为"研究人员通过多年仔细观察和分析发现的是……" 2. in which定语从句的翻译：`the way in which children interact with their peers during early childhood` 译为"儿童在幼儿时期与同龄人互动的方式" 3. in turn的翻译：译为"进而"或"又反过来" 4. throughout...and beyond的翻译：`throughout their school years and beyond` 译为"贯穿他们的整个学生时代乃至以后" 【参考译文】 研究人员通过多年仔细观察和分析发现的是，儿童在幼儿时期与同龄人互动的方式对于塑造他们的社交能力和情感发展起着关键作用，而这进而会影响他们整个学生时代乃至以后的学业表现和整体健康。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 超长句的阅读定心策略：面对50词以上的超长句，千万不要逐词翻译！采用"三步走"策略：1.找主句主干（What...was that...）→ 2.找嵌套从句（定语从句、非限制性定语从句）→ 3.找因果逻辑（which in turn）。分层解读，豁然开朗！ —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第30句：综合所有语法点的终极挑战句 No.30 | 难度系数：★★★★★ | 来源：2022年新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 【原句】 While there is still much that we do not understand about the complex mechanisms that govern the aging process, the progress that has been made in recent years in the field of biotechnology and genetic research has given scientists reason to believe that it may one day be possible to significantly slow down or even reverse the effects of aging, which would represent one of the greatest achievements in the history of science. 【核心词汇】 词汇 音标 词性 释义与搭配 complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ （见搭配） adj. 复杂的。**complex** mechanisms 复杂机制；**complex** system 复杂系统；**complexity** n. 复杂性。例：The aging process involves **complex** biological mechanisms. govern /ˈɡʌvn/ v. v. 支配，控制；治理。**govern** a process 控制一个过程；**govern** a country 治理国家。例：The laws that **govern** aging are not fully understood. aging /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/ n. n. 衰老，老化。the **aging** process 衰老过程；**aging** population 老龄化人口；**age** v./n. 变老/年龄。例：Scientists are studying the **aging** process. biotechnology /ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. n. 生物技术。advances in **biotechnology** 生物技术的进展；**biotech** n. 生物科技。例：**Biotechnology** has opened up new possibilities in medicine. genetic /dʒəˈnetɪk/ （见搭配） adj. 基因的，遗传的。**genetic** research 基因研究；**genetic** engineering 基因工程；**gene** n. 基因。例：**Genetic** research has revealed the secrets of DNA. significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ （见搭配） adv. 显著地。slow down **significantly** 显著减缓；**significant** adj. 显著的。例：The treatment **significantly** slowed the progression of the disease. reverse /rɪˈvɜːs/ v. v. 逆转，彻底改变。**reverse** the effects of 逆转……的影响；**reverse** a trend 逆转趋势；**reversal** n. 逆转。例：Can we **reverse** the aging process? achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. n. 成就，成绩。one of the greatest **achievements** 最伟大的成就之一；**achieve** v. 实现/取得。例：The discovery was a remarkable **achievement**. 【句子解剖】 整个句子 │ ├── 让步状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Concession): While there is still much ... │ │ │ ├── 连接词: While（虽然） │ │ │ └── there be 句型: there is still much │ └── 定语从句: that we do not understand │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代much，在从句中作understand的宾语） │ ├── 主语: we │ └── 谓语: do not understand │ └── 状语: about the complex mechanisms │ └── 定语从句: that govern the aging process │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代mechanisms，在从句中作主语） │ ├── 谓语: govern │ └── 宾语: the aging process │ ├── 主句 (Main Clause): the progress ... has given scientists reason to believe that ... │ │ │ ├── 主语: the progress │ │ └── 定语从句: that has been made in recent years in the field of biotechnology and genetic research │ │ ├── 关系代词: that（指代progress，在从句中作主语） │ │ ├── 谓语: has been made（现在完成时的被动语态） │ │ └── 状语: in recent years in the field of biotechnology and genetic research │ │ │ ├── 谓语: has given │ ├── 间接宾语: scientists │ ├── 直接宾语: reason │ │ │ └── 不定式短语作后置定语: to believe that ... │ │ │ └── 宾语从句: that it may one day be possible to significantly slow down or even reverse the effects of aging │ │ │ ├── 连接词: that │ ├── 形式主语: it │ ├── 谓语: may be │ ├── 表语: possible │ │ │ └── 真正主语（不定式短语）: to significantly slow down or even reverse the effects of aging │ ├── 并列动词1: slow down │ ├── 并列动词2: reverse │ └── 宾语: the effects of aging │ └── 非限制性定语从句: , which would represent one of the greatest achievements in the history of science ├── 关系代词: which（指代前文整件事） ├── 谓语: would represent └── 宾语: one of the greatest achievements in the history of science 【语法精讲】 一、全句语法结构总览——全书知识点的终极综合 本句是全书最具挑战性的句子，共包含以下语法点： 编号 语法点 本句中的体现 1 While让步状语从句 While there is still much that we do not understand... 2 定语从句嵌套（第1处） much that we do not understand（修饰much） 3 定语从句嵌套（第2处） mechanisms that govern the aging process（修饰mechanisms） 4 定语从句嵌套（第3处） progress that has been made...（修饰progress） 5 现在完成时的被动语态 has been made 6 双宾语结构 give scientists reason to believe 7 形式主语it it may one day be possible to... 8 不定式短语作真正主语 to slow down or reverse... 9 非限制性定语从句 which would represent... 10 虚拟语气（委婉表达） would represent 二、定语从句的三层嵌套 While从句和主句中各包含定语从句，形成多层嵌套： While there is still much [that we don't understand about the mechanisms [that govern aging]], the progress [that has been made...] has given scientists reason to believe... 阅读顺序：用"括号法"将每个从句括起来，从外到内逐层分析。 三、"give sb. reason to do"——双宾语结构 `has given scientists reason to believe` 是"give + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语"的双宾语结构。其中 `reason to believe` 是直接宾语。 【翻译技巧】 1. While从句的翻译：`While there is still much that we do not understand...` 译为"虽然关于……我们仍然有许多不了解的地方" 2. 多重定语从句的翻译：三个定语从句都需要拆分为短句处理，不应全部译为前置定语 3. 形式主语it的处理：`it may one day be possible to slow down or even reverse...` 译为"有朝一日有可能显著减缓甚至逆转……" 4. would代表虚拟语气的翻译：`which would represent` 中的 `would` 表示对未来的推测，译为"这将代表着"或"这将是" 【参考译文】 虽然关于支配衰老过程的复杂机制我们仍然有许多不了解的地方，但近年来在生物技术和基因研究领域所取得的进展让科学家们有理由相信，有朝一日有可能显著减缓甚至逆转衰老的影响，这将是科学史上最伟大的成就之一。 【名师点睛】 ⭐ 全书终极总结——长难句"破题四步法"： 1. 找连词定位从句边界：While, that, which, who, because等标出从句的开头 2. 找主句主干：去掉所有从句，剩下的就是"主谓宾/主系表"核心 3. 识别特殊句式：倒装→还原、强调句→去掉框架、形式主语→找真正主语 4. 层层分析：从外层到内层，逐层理解 高考英语阅读中，只要掌握这"破题四步法"，再长的句子也能迎刃而解！祝同学们高考取得优异成绩！ —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 📚 60天学习总结 恭喜你完成了全部60天的高考英语长难句打卡计划！ 在这60天的学习中，你系统地接触了高考英语中最具挑战性的长难句，涵盖了过去十年（2018-2022年）全国卷、新高考卷以及各省自主命题卷中的典型真题。 你已经学习和掌握了以下核心语法知识： - 三大从句：定语从句、名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）、状语从句 - 非谓语动词：分词（现在分词/过去分词）、动名词、不定式 - 特殊句式：倒装句、强调句、省略句、虚拟语气 - 基本句型：主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾补等 - 并列与复合：并列连词与从属连词的混合使用 - 分隔结构：同位语/插入语/从句造成的分隔 你的分析能力将得到显著提升： - 面对长句能迅速找到主干（主谓宾/主系表） - 能识别各类从句的标志性连接词 - 能处理非谓语动词的各种用法 - 能正确理解并翻译复杂的长难句 高考长难句"破题四步法"最终回顾： Step 1：找连词 → 确定从句边界（While, that, which, who, when...） Step 2：找主干 → 主谓宾/主系表核心骨架 Step 3：识特殊 → 倒装还原、强调拆除、形式主语替换 Step 4：逐层析 → 从外到内，层层理解 祝你在高考英语中取得优异的成绩！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $