32 外刊拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 外刊拓展阅读理解专项以真实语境为载体，系统整合细节理解、推理判断等解题方法，构建“题材-题型-能力”三维训练逻辑，提升语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A-D）|15题（科技/社会/环保/老龄化）|细节定位、推理引申、词义语境猜测、主旨归纳|按“现象-原因-影响”逻辑展开，覆盖高频考点| |七选五（E）|5题（家庭志愿服务）|段落衔接、主题句匹配|以“益处”为线索，训练语篇连贯思维|

外刊拓展阅读理解练习 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——China Daily, October 2024（改编） A scientist shows off the latest generation of China’s NEO-01 space junk cleanup robot, a groundbreaking innovation that many are calling the “space broom.” Developed by a Shenzhen-based space technology company, the robot is designed to capture and remove space debris orbiting Earth — a growing threat to satellites, spacecraft, and the International Space Station. The robot is equipped with a large net, which can be deployed to capture debris up to 500 kilometers away. Once the debris is caught, the robot uses its thrusters to change orbit, eventually burning up both itself and the debris in Earth’s atmosphere. “This is like a vacuum cleaner for space,” said the project’s lead engineer. “We’re not just solving a problem — we’re preventing a disaster.” The urgency of the mission is clear. According to the European Space Agency, there are over 36,000 pieces of debris larger than 10 centimeters orbiting Earth, and millions of smaller fragments traveling at speeds up to 28,000 kilometers per hour. Even a small piece of debris can cause catastrophic damage to a satellite — and the growing number of satellites in orbit increases the risk of collisions. China is not alone in its efforts. The United States, Russia, and the European Space Agency have all developed debris removal technologies. However, NEO-01 stands out for its efficiency and relatively low cost. “The idea of using a net is simple but brilliant — it’s inspired by fishermen,” the engineer explained. The success of NEO-01 could open the door to a new industry: space cleanup. As private companies continue to launch thousands of satellites, the demand for debris removal services is expected to grow. “The future of space exploration depends on keeping orbits clean,” said one expert. “We can’t afford to leave our trash in space.” 1.What is the main function of the NEO-01 robot? A. To explore distant planets. B. To capture and remove space debris. C. To transport astronauts to the space station. D. To monitor weather patterns from space. 2.According to the passage, why is space debris removal urgent? A. There is no room for new satellites. B. Debris can cause catastrophic damage to satellites. C. Debris is falling to Earth and causing damage. D. The International Space Station is about to be abandoned. 3.The underlined phrase “vacuum cleaner for space” in paragraph 2 suggests that the robot ______. A. is designed to clean space debris like a vacuum cleans floors B. can operate only in zero-gravity conditions C. is powered by solar energy D. collects dust particles for scientific research B ——The Guardian, March 2024（改编） When three-year-old Kayla was diagnosed with leukemia, her mother Sarah feared the worst. But it wasn’t just the illness that worried her — it was what Kayla would lose while in the hospital. “She was just starting preschool, and she loved it,” Sarah recalls. “I was terrified that she would fall behind.” In most hospitals, children like Kayla would spend months away from school. But at Stanford Children’s Hospital, a school operates right inside the pediatric wing. The program, part of the hospital’s Child Life Services, provides education to children who cannot attend regular school due to illness. The Hospital School began in 1924 at the Stanford Home for Convalescent Children. At that time, the home’s superintendent wrote, “The older children, without this work, would worry a good deal at the loss of time and probably of promotion in school. It’s important … for their minds to be profitably occupied … during the convalescent period.” Today, the school occupies two classrooms and provides four hours of instruction every weekday for students in grades K-12. Jessica Martinez, a teacher in the program, remembers Kayla’s first day. “She had lost her hair, and she looked tired, but the moment she saw the classroom, her eyes lit up.” The classroom is filled with colorful posters, books, and art supplies. “We don’t just teach math and reading,” Martinez says. “We help children feel like themselves again.” Teachers work closely with doctors to tailor lessons to each child’s energy levels. “One day a student might be able to do a full hour of work; the next day, only fifteen minutes,” Martinez explains. “We adapt. The goal is not to push them — it’s to keep them connected to their education and their future.” For Sarah, the program changed everything. “Seeing Kayla excited about school again gave us hope,” she says. “It reminded me that she was still a child, not just a patient.” 4.What was the main purpose of the Hospital School when it was first established? A. To replace regular schools for all sick children. B. To keep children’s minds occupied during recovery. C. To train future teachers for hospital settings. D. To provide medical treatment alongside education. 5.What does Jessica Martinez mean by “We help children feel like themselves again” in paragraph 4? A. The school helps children forget they are ill. B. The school provides a sense of normalcy and identity beyond being a patient. C. The school teaches children to behave like healthy students. D. The school focuses only on emotional support. 6.The underlined word “tailor” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______. A. adjust to fit individual needs B. ignore personal differences C. shorten for all students D. design in a standard way 7.What is the main message of this passage? A. Hospital schools are less effective than regular schools. B. Education can provide comfort and normalcy during difficult health situations. C. Only children with cancer need hospital schooling. D. Medical treatment is the only thing that matters for sick children. C ——Knowable Magazine, July 2024（改编） Transportation is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions, making it one of the most challenging sectors to decarbonize. Unlike electricity generation, which has seen rapid adoption of renewables, transport remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Each type of transportation has its own peculiarities — cars need lightweight power sources, ships need fuel that lasts months, and planes must work reliably at subzero temperatures. As fossil fuels are phased out, the fuel landscape is “getting more diverse,” says Timothy Lipman of UC Berkeley. For cars, electric batteries are the clear winner. More than a dozen nations have declared that all new cars must be electric by 2035 or earlier. About 14 million electric cars were sold in 2023, making up about 18% of new car sales. Battery costs have fallen by 90% over the past decade. However, experts foresee roads filled with a variety of battery types to suit different priorities — price or performance. Sodium-ion batteries, cheaper but heavier, are being developed for budget EVs, while solid-state batteries promise much higher energy densities but have yet to hit the vehicle market. For trucks, especially long-haul ones, hydrogen fuel cells are emerging as a preferred solution. A heavy truck pulling 80,000 pounds over 500 miles would require up to 10,000 pounds of batteries, but only 1,000 to 2,000 pounds of hydrogen storage including the fuel cell. Hydrogen tanks can also be refilled in minutes — a major advantage for trucking logistics. While hydrogen fuel has an enduring reputation for risk following the 1937 Hindenburg disaster, experts note that a well-built hydrogen vehicle is generally no riskier than a gasoline one. For aviation, the challenge is even greater. Planes cannot easily switch to battery power due to weight constraints. Sustainable aviation fuels, derived from waste oils or agricultural residues, can reduce emissions by up to 80% compared to conventional jet fuel. However, they currently cost three to five times more and production capacity is limited. The scale of this transition is massive. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that the world hit net-zero emissions by 2050. Government policies — carbon pricing, fuel efficiency standards, and subsidies for clean technologies — play a crucial role in accelerating the transition. 8.What is the main advantage of hydrogen fuel cells for heavy trucks? A. They are cheaper than electric batteries. B. They are lighter and refill faster than batteries. C. They produce no emissions at all. D. They have been widely used for decades. 9.According to paragraph 4, what challenge does sustainable aviation fuel face? A. It produces more emissions than jet fuel. B. It is currently much more expensive than conventional fuel. C. It cannot be produced from waste materials. D. It is not suitable for subzero temperatures. 10.The underlined word “peculiarities” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. advantages B. disadvantages C. special characteristics D. common features 11.What does the author suggest about the role of government policies in the energy transition? A. They are unnecessary for achieving emissions targets. B. They are crucial for accelerating the transition to clean energy. C. They only apply to the aviation industry. D. They have slowed down technological innovation. D ——The Conversation, July 2026（改编） Eighty-seven-year-old Georgina has no plans to retire. Every weekday morning, she arrives at the community center in the south of London to teach English to refugees and asylum seekers. She has been doing it for fifteen years. “I have more energy now than I did in my fifties,” she says with a laugh. Georgina is part of a growing trend — the rise of the “never retire” generation. For centuries, retirement was seen as a well-deserved rest after a lifetime of work. But a growing number of older adults are choosing to remain in the workforce or to take on meaningful volunteer roles well past the traditional retirement age. A recent study found that nearly one in four British adults over 65 are still working, and 40% of those say they do so because they enjoy it, not because they need the money. The reasons for this shift are varied. Improved health and longer life expectancy mean that many older adults are physically and mentally capable of continuing to work. At the same time, societal attitudes toward aging are changing. The idea of older adults as a burden is being replaced by a recognition of their experience, wisdom, and skills. Employers are beginning to see the value of older workers, who often have lower turnover rates and strong interpersonal skills. But the shift is not without its challenges. Older workers face age discrimination in hiring and promotion. Many companies are not yet equipped to accommodate flexible working arrangements for older employees. There are also concerns that older workers remaining in the workforce could block opportunities for younger generations. However, studies have shown that the presence of older workers often benefits younger colleagues through mentorship and knowledge transfer. The “never retire” trend reflects a broader cultural shift. For many, work is not just about earning a living — it is about purpose, social connection, and a sense of identity. As one participant in the study put it, “Retirement is not the end of the road — it‘s just a different part of the journey.” 12.Why does Georgina continue to work at 87? A. She needs the money to support herself. B. She finds purpose and energy in teaching. C. She is unable to receive a pension. D. She has no family to take care of her. 13.According to the passage, what benefit do older workers bring to workplaces? A. They accept lower salaries than younger workers. B. They have lower turnover rates and strong interpersonal skills. C. They are more productive than younger workers. D. They require less training than other employees. 14.The underlined word “turnover” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. the rate at which employees leave and are replaced B. the amount of money a company earns C. the number of hours employees work D. the speed at which work is completed 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Challenges of an Aging Workforce B. Why Older Workers Should Retire Early C. The Rise of the ‘Never Retire’ Generation D. How to Find Purpose After Retirement 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——Feeding America, January 2023（改编） Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find an activity that can be shared by both children and adults? Family volunteering might be the answer. (16) ______ Volunteering as a family can actually make you feel like you have more time. Research suggests that giving time to community causes increases a person’s sense of time abundance. (17) ______ Another benefit is physical health. Adults who volunteer regularly have been shown to have lower blood pressure and longer lifespans. (18) ______ Regular volunteering also reduces rates of depression in older adults. For teenagers, the effects can be lifelong. Research has linked volunteering during teenage years to improved academic performance, increased self-confidence, and greater civic engagement later in life. (19) ______ The sense of purpose gained through helping others can shape a young person‘s identity in positive ways. (20) ______ Working together toward a common goal creates shared experiences and memories. Whether it’s sorting food at a food bank or cleaning up a local park, the act of helping others strengthens family bonds in ways that watching a movie together simply cannot match. 选项（A-G）： A. These benefits aren‘t just short-term—they last into adulthood. B. Giving your time to others can also bring families closer together. C. The food bank is always looking for volunteers. D. For children, volunteering can be a boring task. E. It may seem counterintuitive, but the science supports it. F. Community service is beneficial for both physical and mental health. G. Volunteering as a family is a great way to create lasting memories. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国研发的NEO-01太空垃圾清理机器人，该设备使用大网捕获轨道上的太空碎片，是应对日益严重的太空碎片威胁的创新解决方案。 第1题 答案：B 题干句意： NEO-01机器人的主要功能是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“The robot is designed to capture and remove space debris orbiting Earth”直接说明其主要功能是捕获和清除太空碎片。A项“探索遥远星球”、C项“运送宇航员”、D项“监测天气”均与文中描述不符。故正确答案为B。 第2题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，为什么清理太空碎片很紧迫？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Even a small piece of debris can cause catastrophic damage to a satellite — and the growing number of satellites in orbit increases the risk of collisions”直接说明碎片可能对卫星造成灾难性破坏。A项“没有空间放新卫星”未提及；C项“碎片坠落地表”未提及；D项“空间站将被废弃”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第3题 答案：A 题干句意： “space vacuum cleaner”这个比喻暗示机器人______。 解析： 本题考查推理判断。工程师将机器人比作“太空吸尘器”，说明它的功能像吸尘器清洁地板一样清除太空垃圾。B项“仅能在零重力下工作”、C项“太阳能驱动”、D项“收集灰尘用于科研”均与“vacuum cleaner”的比喻意图不符。故正确答案为A。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了斯坦福儿童医院内设学校的历史和功能，展现了教育如何在孩子们接受治疗期间提供安慰和常态感。 第4题 答案：B 题干句意： 医院学校最初建立的主要目的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，学校最初建立时，管理人员写道：“It‘s important … for their minds to be profitably occupied … during the convalescent period.”说明其目的是在康复期间让孩子们的头脑有事可做。A项“替代所有患病儿童的常规学校”过于绝对；C项“培训未来教师”未提及；D项“在提供教育的同时提供医疗”偏离重点。故正确答案为B。 第5题 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中Jessica Martinez说“我们帮助孩子们感觉再次成为自己”是什么意思？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。前文提到Kayla因患病失去头发、看起来很疲惫，课堂上“her eyes lit up”。Martinez说“We don’t just teach math and reading. We help children feel like themselves again.”说明学校帮助孩子们在患病期间仍然保持自我认同和常态感。A项“忘记生病”过于绝对；C项“像健康学生一样表现”偏离主题；D项“仅关注情感支持”忽略了教育功能。故正确答案为B。 第6题 答案：A 题干句意： 第五段中画线单词“tailor”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“tailor”意为“根据需求定制、调整”。文中“tailor lessons to each child‘s energy levels”意为根据每个孩子的精力水平调整课程。B项“忽略差异”、C项“缩短”、D项“标准化设计”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第7题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文通过医院学校的故事，说明教育能在孩子面对疾病时提供安慰和常态感。A项“医院学校不如普通学校”与文意相反；C项“只有癌症儿童需要”过于绝对；D项“只有医疗重要”与文章强调教育重要性矛盾。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了交通领域脱碳的三种主要途径——电动汽车、氢燃料电池卡车和可持续航空燃料，以及政府政策在推动这一转型中的作用。 第8题 答案：B 题干句意： 氢燃料电池对重型卡车的主要优势是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，一辆重型卡车如果使用电池需要“up to 10,000 pounds of batteries”，而使用氢燃料电池只需“1,000 to 2,000 pounds of hydrogen storage”，且“Hydrogen tanks can also be refilled in minutes”。这说明氢燃料电池更轻且加油更快。A项“更便宜”文中未提及；C项“完全不排放”与氢燃料生产过程中的排放问题无关；D项“已广泛使用数十年”与事实不符。故正确答案为B。 第9题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第四段，可持续航空燃料面临什么挑战？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“they currently cost three to five times more and production capacity is limited”说明SAF成本远高于传统燃油且产能有限。A项“排放更多”与“reduce emissions by up to 80%”相反；C项“无法从废料生产”与“derived from waste oils or agricultural residues”相反；D项“不适合低温”文中未提及。故正确答案为B。 第10题 答案：C 题干句意： 第一段中画线单词“peculiarities”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“peculiarities”意为“特性、特点”。文中说“Each type of transportation has its own peculiarities”，随后举例说明不同交通工具的独特要求——汽车需要轻便电源、船舶需要持久的燃料、飞机必须在零下温度可靠运行。A项“优势”、B项“劣势”、D项“共同特征”均不符合。故正确答案为C。 第11题 答案：B 题干句意： 关于政府政策在能源转型中的作用，作者暗示了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“Government policies — carbon pricing, fuel efficiency standards, and subsidies for clean technologies — play a crucial role in accelerating the transition”直接说明政策对加速转型起关键作用。A项“不必要”、C项“仅适用于航空”、D项“减缓了创新”均与原文相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文，介绍了“永不退休”一代的崛起——越来越多老年人选择继续工作或从事志愿活动，分析了这一趋势的原因、益处和挑战。 第12题 答案：B 题干句意： 为什么Georgina在87岁时仍继续工作？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“I have more energy now than I did in my fifties”和全文主旨说明她因获得能量和意义感而继续工作。A项“需要钱”与“not because they need the money”矛盾；C项“无法领取养老金”未提及；D项“没有家人照顾”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第13题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，年长员工为职场带来什么益处？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“older workers, who often have lower turnover rates and strong interpersonal skills”直接说明其优势。A项“接受更低薪资”未提及；C项“比年轻员工更高效”未提及；D项“需要更少培训”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第14题 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“turnover”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“turnover”在人力资源语境中指“员工流动率”。文中“lower turnover rates”意为员工流失率较低。B项“公司收入”、C项“工作时长”、D项“工作速度”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第15题 答案：C 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕“永不退休”一代的崛起展开。A项“老龄化劳动力的挑战”只是部分内容；B项“年长工人应提前退休”与文章主旨相反；D项“退休后如何寻找目标”过于狭窄。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了家庭志愿服务对身心健康和家庭关系的多重好处——改善时间感知、促进健康、对青少年产生长期积极影响、增进家庭互动。 第16题 答案：E 题干句意： 志愿服务可能让你感觉时间更充裕？这可能看起来违反直觉，但科学支持这一点。 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句引出家庭志愿服务，后句具体说明好处之一。E项“这可能看起来违反直觉，但科学支持这一点”承接前文“might be the answer”，引出后文关于时间感知的研究发现。故正确答案为E。 第17题 答案：F 题干句意： 社区服务对身心健康都有益。 解析： 本段讨论成年人的身体健康益处（降低血压、延长寿命）以及老年人的心理健康益处（降低抑郁症发病率）。F项“社区服务对身心健康都有益”是该段的主题句。故正确答案为F。 第18题 答案：B 题干句意： 给予时间还能让家人更亲密。 解析： 本段讨论家庭志愿服务如何加强家庭纽带。B项“给予时间还能让家人更亲密”作为过渡句。故正确答案为B。 第19题 答案：A 题干句意： 这些益处不仅是短期的——它们持续到成年。 解析： 本段讨论青少年志愿服务的长期影响。前文“later in life”，A项“这些益处不仅是短期的——它们持续到成年”与之呼应。故正确答案为A。 第20题 答案：G 题干句意： 家庭志愿服务是创造持久记忆的好方法。 解析： 本段讨论家庭志愿服务创造共同经历和记忆，G项与该段内容吻合。D项与全文积极基调矛盾；C项偏离主题。 多余选项： C（食物银行总是需要志愿者——偏离讨论志愿服务的“好处”主题）、D（对孩子来说可能是无聊的任务——与全文积极基调矛盾） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The urgency of the mission is clear, as the European Space Agency estimates that there are over 36,000 pieces of debris larger than 10 centimeters orbiting Earth, and millions of smaller fragments traveling at speeds up to 28,000 kilometers per hour.” 翻译： 这项任务的紧迫性显而易见，因为欧洲航天局估计有超过36,000块大于10厘米的碎片在地球轨道上运行，还有数百万块较小的碎片以高达每小时28,000公里的速度飞行。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含一个原因状语从句，其中嵌套一个宾语从句。 主句：The urgency of the mission（主语）is（系动词）clear（表语） 原因状语从句：as the European Space Agency estimates that...（as引导，表示“因为”） 宾语从句：that there are over 36,000 pieces of debris... and millions of smaller fragments...（作estimates的宾语） 现在分词短语作定语：larger than 10 centimeters（修饰debris）；traveling at speeds up to 28,000 kilometers per hour（修饰fragments） “there are”存在句结构：表示“存在有……” 2. 原句： “While hydrogen fuel has an enduring reputation for risk following the 1937 Hindenburg disaster, experts note that a well-built hydrogen vehicle is generally no riskier than a gasoline one.” 翻译： 尽管在1937年兴登堡号灾难之后，氢燃料一直背负着危险的声誉，但专家指出，制造精良的氢燃料汽车通常并不比汽油车更危险。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含一个让步状语从句和一个宾语从句。 让步状语从句：While hydrogen fuel has an enduring reputation for risk following the 1937 Hindenburg disaster（while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”） 主句：experts（主语）note（谓语） 宾语从句：that a well-built hydrogen vehicle is generally no riskier than a gasoline one（作note的宾语，其中包含“no riskier than...”的比较结构） “no riskier than”结构：意为“不比……更危险” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $