29 高考阅读理解专题（外刊进阶练习卷） -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦阅读理解高频题型，通过“题型-方法-逻辑”三维设计，系统提炼细节定位、词义猜测、逻辑衔接等解题策略，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解|4题（树木真菌网络/营养与心理）|原文定位法，关注显性信息|从具体信息提取到文本内容理解，构建信息获取能力| |词义猜测|4题（clear-cutting/interventions等）|上下文定义法，利用破折号/定语从句|通过语境线索推导词义，培养语境分析思维| |观点态度|1题（饮食与心理健康）|作者表述分析法，关注转折词与总结句|从文本表述推断立场，提升批判性思维| |主旨大意|1题（“永不退休”一代）|主题句定位法，整合段落核心内容|从分散信息到整体概括，强化篇章结构意识| |七选五|5题（家庭志愿服务）|逻辑衔接法，关注指代/转折/递进关系|通过句间关系补全篇章，培养语篇组织能力|

每日阅读理解练习-Day29 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——Smithsonian Magazine, April 2026（改编） In the forests of the Pacific Northwest, a quiet transformation is taking place. Scientists have discovered that trees communicate with one another through an underground fungal network—often called the “wood-wide web.” Through this network, trees share nutrients, warn each other of insect attacks, and even recognize their own offspring. The discovery challenges the traditional view of trees as solitary competitors fighting for survival. The fungal network works like an internet. Mycorrhizal fungi attach to tree roots, forming a web of microscopic threads that connect trees across the forest floor. Through these connections, older trees pump sugar and nutrients to younger seedlings that are not yet tall enough to photosynthesize. When a tree is under attack by insects, it sends chemical signals through the network to neighboring trees, which then produce defensive chemicals. Some studies suggest that trees can even distinguish between their own offspring and unrelated trees, preferentially sending resources to their kin. The implications of this discovery are profound. Foresters are beginning to rethink their approach to logging. Clear-cutting, which removes all trees from an area, breaks the underground network and prevents the flow of nutrients and information. Selective logging, which removes only certain trees while preserving the network, appears to be more sustainable. Conservationists also point out that protecting old-growth forests is not just about preserving individual trees but about protecting the complex social network that connects them. However, not all scientists are convinced. Some argue that the evidence for tree communication is not yet conclusive. They point out that many studies have been conducted in controlled environments and may not reflect what happens in the wild. Others worry that the “wood-wide web” has been romanticized by the media, with claims that go beyond what the science supports. Despite the debate, the discovery has captured the public imagination. Books about tree communication have become bestsellers, and forest tours with “tree communication” themes have become popular. As one researcher put it, “Whether or not trees ‘talk’ to each other as we understand it, the research has made us think differently about forests—and that alone is valuable.” 1.According to paragraph 2, what role do older trees play in the fungal network? A. They attack younger trees to compete for resources. B. They share nutrients with younger seedlings and warn others of danger. C. They prevent unrelated trees from accessing the network. D. They store all nutrients for themselves. 2.Why do some scientists remain skeptical about the wood-wide web theory? A. They believe trees are solitary competitors. B. They argue that the evidence is not yet conclusive. C. They think the media has overhyped the findings. D. They have conducted studies that contradict the theory. 3.The underlined phrase “clear-cutting” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. removing all trees from an area B. selectively cutting only old trees C. planting new trees in clear spaces D. protecting trees from insect attacks B ——NPR, July 2026（改编） A growing body of research suggests that the foods we eat may have a direct impact on our mental health. The emerging field of nutritional psychiatry explores how diet influences brain function and emotional well-being. While the idea that food affects mood is not new, scientists are now uncovering the biological mechanisms behind this connection. One of the key pathways is the gut-brain axis—a bidirectional communication system between the digestive tract and the brain. The gut contains trillions of bacteria that play a crucial role in digestion and immune function. These bacteria also produce neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood and emotions. In fact, about 90% of the body‘s serotonin is produced in the gut. Studies have found that people who follow a Mediterranean diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil—have lower rates of depression and anxiety. The diet’s high content of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber supports the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Conversely, a diet high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats has been linked to increased inflammation and higher rates of mental health disorders. Researchers are now testing whether dietary interventions can be used to treat mental health conditions. Early trials have shown promising results. In one study, patients with major depression who received dietary counseling along with their usual treatment showed greater improvement than those who received treatment alone. However, the field faces challenges. The relationship between diet and mental health is complex and likely varies from person to person. Genetic factors, lifestyle, and social environment all play a role. Some experts caution against oversimplifying the message—“diet is not a cure-all,” as one researcher put it. Still, the findings suggest that diet could be a valuable tool in mental health care. While it may not replace medication, it could complement existing treatments. The message is simple: what we eat matters—not just for our bodies, but for our minds. 4.What is the main role of gut bacteria in the gut-brain axis? A. They digest food and absorb nutrients. B. They produce neurotransmitters that regulate mood. C. They store energy for the brain. D. They protect the brain from toxins. 5.According to paragraph 3, what is a feature of the Mediterranean diet? A. It is high in processed foods. B. It includes fish, olive oil, and whole grains. C. It contains high amounts of sugar. D. It reduces the growth of gut bacteria. 6.The underlined word “interventions” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. experiments B. treatments or actions taken to improve a condition C. medications D. dietary restrictions 7.What is the author‘s overall attitude toward using diet in mental health care? A. It is a cure-all for mental health disorders. B. It is a promising complement to existing treatments. C. It is not supported by scientific evidence. D. It is too complex to be practical. C ——NASA Earth Observatory, July 2026（改编） For the first time, satellite data has confirmed that the world’s oceans are becoming greener—a change driven by climate change and its effect on marine ecosystems. The shift, detected by NASA‘s Aqua satellite, is subtle but significant, and it may have far-reaching implications for the planet’s carbon cycle and food webs. The greening of the oceans is primarily caused by changes in phytoplankton populations. Phytoplankton are microscopic marine algae that float near the ocean surface and form the base of the marine food web. Like plants on land, they contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis—giving the ocean a green hue. Climate change has altered ocean currents, nutrient availability, and water temperature, which in turn affect where and when phytoplankton blooms occur. The satellite data shows that over the past two decades, the oceans have become greener in roughly 56 percent of the world‘s ocean area. The most pronounced changes have occurred in the tropics and subtropics, where warming waters have reduced the mixing of nutrient-rich deep water with surface water. This change has favored smaller phytoplankton species that are less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide. The implications are significant. Phytoplankton absorb about half of the carbon dioxide that humans release into the atmosphere, and their decline could weaken the ocean’s ability to act as a carbon sink. Smaller phytoplankton species also support fewer organisms up the food chain, which could affect fish populations and the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on fishing. As one scientist put it, “What happens to phytoplankton happens to the planet.” The greening trend is not uniform. Some regions, such as the high latitudes, have actually become less green. The variability underscores the complexity of the ocean‘s response to climate change. Scientists emphasize that continued monitoring is essential to understand these changes and predict their consequences. 8.What is the main cause of the ocean greening? A. The increase in large fish populations. B. Changes in phytoplankton populations driven by climate change. C. The reduction in pollution from industrial sources. D. The expansion of coral reefs in tropical regions. 9.According to the passage, why are phytoplankton important for the climate? A. They release oxygen into the atmosphere. B. They absorb about half of the carbon dioxide released by humans. C. They cool the ocean surface temperature. D. They prevent the growth of harmful algae. 10.The underlined word “phytoplankton” in paragraph 2 refers to ______. A. large marine mammals B. microscopic marine algae that form the base of the food web C. deep-sea fish that migrate to the surface D. coral reefs that grow in warm waters 11.What is the author’s main concern about the greening trend? A. It will make the oceans less beautiful. B. It could weaken the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. C. It will reduce the number of ships able to navigate. D. It will cause an increase in marine animal populations. D ——The Guardian, April 2026（改编） Eighty-seven-year-old Georgina has no plans to retire. Every weekday morning, she arrives at the community center in the south of London to teach English to refugees and asylum seekers. She has been doing it for fifteen years. “I have more energy now than I did in my fifties,” she says with a laugh. Georgina is part of a growing trend—the rise of the “never retire” generation. For centuries, retirement was seen as a well-deserved rest after a lifetime of work. But a growing number of older adults are choosing to remain in the workforce or to take on meaningful volunteer roles well past the traditional retirement age. A recent study found that nearly one in four British adults over 65 are still working, and 40% of those say they do so because they enjoy it, not because they need the money. The reasons for this shift are varied. Improved health and longer life expectancy mean that many older adults are physically and mentally capable of continuing to work. At the same time, societal attitudes toward aging are changing. The idea of older adults as a burden is being replaced by a recognition of their experience, wisdom, and skills. Employers are beginning to see the value of older workers, who often have lower turnover rates and strong interpersonal skills. But the shift is not without its challenges. Older workers face age discrimination in hiring and promotion. Many companies are not yet equipped to accommodate flexible working arrangements for older employees. There are also concerns that older workers remaining in the workforce could block opportunities for younger generations. However, studies have shown that the presence of older workers often benefits younger colleagues through mentorship and knowledge transfer. The “never retire” trend reflects a broader cultural shift. For many, work is not just about earning a living—it is about purpose, social connection, and a sense of identity. As one participant in the study put it, “Retirement is not the end of the road—it‘s just a different part of the journey.” 12.Why does Georgina continue to work at 87? A. She needs the money to support herself. B. She finds purpose and energy in teaching. C. She is unable to receive a pension. D. She has no family to take care of her. 13.According to the passage, what benefit do older workers bring to workplaces? A. They accept lower salaries than younger workers. B. They have lower turnover rates and strong interpersonal skills. C. They are more productive than younger workers. D. They require less training than other employees. 14.The underlined word “turnover” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. the rate at which employees leave and are replaced B. the amount of money a company earns C. the number of hours employees work D. the speed at which work is completed 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Challenges of an Aging Workforce B. Why Older Workers Should Retire Early C. The Rise of the ‘Never Retire’ Generation D. How to Find Purpose After Retirement 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——Feeding America, January 2023（改编） Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find an activity that both kids and adults can enjoy and share? Family volunteering has long been considered a perfect choice. (16) ________ Many people refuse to volunteer because they believe they are too busy. (17) ________ Studies have shown that devoting time to public service can increase people’s feeling of having enough time in daily life. Instead of wasting time, volunteering helps people become more organized and efficient. (18) ________ Regular volunteers are found to have better physical conditions and a longer lifespan. Besides physical benefits, volunteering also does wonders for mental health. It can greatly reduce stress and anxiety, keeping people in a positive state of mind. For teenagers, family volunteering plays an even more important role in their growth. Participating in community service can help teenagers build confidence and improve their school performance. (19) ________ It enables teenagers to better understand society and develop a strong sense of social responsibility. What’s more, volunteering serves as a powerful family bond strengthener. Working side by side for a public goal creates unique shared experiences. (20) ________ In this way, family members can understand and support each other better. A. However, this common belief is actually wrong. B. Family volunteering also benefits people’s health. C. It provides family members with a meaningful shared activity. D. Teenagers are usually unwilling to join public service. E. It also encourages them to actively participate in social affairs. F. Parents should spend more time accompanying their children. G. These precious moments deepen family connection greatly. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了树木通过地下真菌网络进行交流的发现——“树木万维网”，以及这一发现对林业管理和森林保护的影响，同时也指出了科学界的争议。 第1题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，老树在真菌网络中扮演什么角色？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“older trees pump sugar and nutrients to younger seedlings... When a tree is under attack... it sends chemical signals through the network to neighboring trees”直接说明老树与幼苗分享养分并警告邻居。A项“攻击年轻树木”与文意相反；C项“阻止无关树木进入网络”未提及；D项“为自己储存所有养分”与“share”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 第2题 答案：B 题干句意： 为什么一些科学家仍对树木万维网理论持怀疑态度？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“Some argue that the evidence for tree communication is not yet conclusive”直接说明原因。A项“他们认为树木是孤独的竞争者”过于绝对；C项“他们认为媒体夸大了发现”是部分担忧但非核心质疑；D项“他们做了反驳研究”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第3题 答案：A 题干句意： 第三段中画线短语“clear-cutting”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“clear-cutting”意为“皆伐”。文中“Clear-cutting, which removes all trees from an area”直接给出了定义。B项“选择性砍伐老树”与“removes all trees”相反；C项“种植新树”是造林；D项“保护树木免受害虫”是保护措施。故正确答案为A。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了营养精神病学这一新兴领域，探讨饮食如何通过肠脑轴影响心理健康，以及地中海饮食对降低抑郁和焦虑风险的潜在作用。 第4题 答案：B 题干句意： 肠道细菌在肠脑轴中的主要作用是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“These bacteria also produce neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood and emotions”说明肠道细菌产生调节情绪的神经递质。A项“消化食物和吸收营养”是部分功能但非本题关键；C项“为大脑储存能量”未提及；D项“保护大脑免受毒素”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第5题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，地中海饮食的一个特点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Mediterranean diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil”直接说明包含鱼类、橄榄油和全谷物。A项“加工食品含量高”相反；C项“高糖”与“whole grains”不符；D项“减少肠道细菌生长”与“supports the growth”相反。故正确答案为B。 第6题 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“interventions”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“interventions”意为“干预措施”。文中“whether dietary interventions can be used to treat mental health conditions”指饮食干预措施，即通过饮食改善状况的治疗或行动。A项“实验”过于狭隘；C项“药物”过于具体；D项“饮食限制”只是干预的一种形式。故正确答案为B。 第7题 答案：B 题干句意： 作者对饮食在心理健康护理中的应用持什么态度？ 解析： 本题考查观点态度。根据最后一段，“it could complement existing treatments”说明作者认为饮食可作为现有治疗的补充。A项“是万能药”与“not a cure-all”矛盾；C项“无科学证据”与“studies have found”矛盾；D项“太复杂不实用”与“valuable tool”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了NASA卫星数据首次证实全球海洋正在变绿，这一变化由气候变化导致的浮游植物种群变化所驱动，可能削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力。 第8题 答案：B 题干句意： 海洋变绿的主要原因是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The greening of the oceans is primarily caused by changes in phytoplankton populations”直接说明原因。A项“大型鱼类增加”未提及；C项“工业污染减少”未提及；D项“珊瑚礁扩张”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第9题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，浮游植物为什么对气候重要？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“Phytoplankton absorb about half of the carbon dioxide that humans release into the atmosphere”直接说明其重要性。A项“释放氧气”虽正确但非文中强调的与气候直接相关的作用；C项“冷却海水”未提及；D项“防止有害藻类”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第10题 答案：B 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“phytoplankton”指的是______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。根据第二段，“Phytoplankton are microscopic marine algae that float near the ocean surface and form the base of the marine food web”直接给出了定义。A项“大型海洋哺乳动物”与“microscopic”相反；C项“深海鱼类”未提及；D项“珊瑚礁”与“algae”不同。故正确答案为B。 第11题 答案：B 题干句意： 作者对海洋变绿趋势的主要担忧是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“their decline could weaken the ocean‘s ability to act as a carbon sink”直接说明担忧。A项“海洋不再美丽”未提及；C项“船舶航行受阻”未提及；D项“海洋动物增加”与“support fewer organisms”相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文，介绍了“永不退休”一代的崛起——越来越多老年人选择继续工作或从事志愿活动，分析了这一趋势的原因、益处和挑战。 第12题 答案：B 题干句意： 为什么Georgina在87岁时仍继续工作？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“I have more energy now than I did in my fifties”和全文主旨说明她因获得能量和意义感而继续工作。A项“需要钱”与“not because they need the money”矛盾；C项“无法领取养老金”未提及；D项“没有家人照顾”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第13题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，年长员工为职场带来什么益处？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“older workers, who often have lower turnover rates and strong interpersonal skills”直接说明其优势。A项“接受更低薪资”未提及；C项“比年轻员工更高效”未提及；D项“需要更少培训”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第14题 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“turnover”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“turnover”在人力资源语境中指“员工流动率”。文中“lower turnover rates”意为员工流失率较低。B项“公司收入”、C项“工作时长”、D项“工作速度”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第15题 答案：C 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕“永不退休”一代的崛起展开。A项“老龄化劳动力的挑战”只是部分内容；B项“年长工人应提前退休”与文章主旨相反；D项“退休后如何寻找目标”过于狭窄。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了家庭志愿服务对身心健康和家庭关系的多重好处。 16. C 解题逻辑：文章开篇抛出问题，引出核心话题“家庭志愿服务是全家参与的好选择”，空处需要承接话题、铺垫全文。C选项的It指代前文的family volunteering，精准承接上文，解释家庭志愿活动的核心价值，衔接自然，统领下文各类好处。其余选项均无法首尾呼应开篇话题。 17. A 解题逻辑：空前提出大众普遍认知——“太忙所以不做志愿”，空后用科学研究反驳该观点，前后语义相反，需要转折过渡句。A选项以However转折，直接推翻大众固有认知，完美衔接“错误认知+科学佐证”的段落逻辑。 18. B 解题逻辑：本空位于段首，是本段主题句。后文依次讲述志愿服务对身体素质、心理健康的双重益处。B选项总起段落，点明家庭志愿服务对健康有益，精准概括本段核心内容，起到统领全段的作用。 19. E 解题逻辑：空前讲述志愿服务对青少年自信、学业的积极作用，空后补充对青少年社会认知、责任感的帮助，语义递进。E选项中also表示递进，them指代teenagers，承接前文益处，延伸到社会事务参与层面，贴合段落逻辑。 20. G 解题逻辑：空前关键词为shared experiences（共同经历），空后讲述家人关系变得更融洽。G选项中These precious moments指代前文并肩奋斗的志愿经历，衔接上文、引出亲情升温的结果，闭环本段主旨。 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The shift, detected by NASA‘s Aqua satellite, is subtle but significant, and it may have far-reaching implications for the planet’s carbon cycle and food webs.” 翻译： NASA Aqua卫星探测到的这种变化虽然细微但意义重大，并且可能对地球的碳循环和食物网产生深远影响。 句子结构分析： 本句为并列句，包含一个过去分词短语作定语。 主句1：The shift（主语）is（系动词）subtle but significant（表语） 插入语：detected by NASA‘s Aqua satellite（过去分词短语作定语，修饰The shift） 并列句2：it（主语，指代The shift）may have（谓语）far-reaching implications（宾语）for the planet’s carbon cycle and food webs（介词短语作状语） “subtle but significant”结构：but连接两个形容词，表示“虽然细微但意义重大” 2. 原句： “While some celebrate the flexibility that technology has brought to work, others warn that the constant connectivity comes at a cost—eroding the boundaries between professional and personal life that had been carefully maintained for decades.” 翻译： 虽然一些人赞扬技术给工作带来的灵活性，但另一些人警告说，持续的连接是有代价的——它侵蚀了几十年来被精心维护的职业生活与个人生活之间的界限。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含让步状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。 让步状语从句：While some celebrate the flexibility that technology has brought to work（while引导让步状语从句，其中that technology has brought to work为定语从句修饰flexibility） 主句：others（主语）warn（谓语） 宾语从句：that the constant connectivity comes at a cost（作warn的宾语） 破折号解释部分：eroding the boundaries between professional and personal life（现在分词短语作结果状语，解释“代价”的具体内容） 定语从句：that had been carefully maintained for decades（修饰boundaries） “comes at a cost”结构：意为“有代价” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $