真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2024·全国一卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

2026-08-06
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摘要:

该高中英语高考复习学案以2024年全国一卷语法填空真题为载体,系统梳理词性转换、非谓语动词、定语从句等核心考点,通过“真题再现-易错点分析-知识点总结”的层级架构构建知识网络,结合任务单设计引导学生自主辨析名词作定语、不定式作目的状语等语法规则,形成结构化的语法认知体系。 亮点在于诊断性自测与文化浸润式学习设计,如设置20词核心词汇默写清单和3组易错点配套真题演练,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。同话题时事热点阅读链接“亲生物设计”,渗透文化意识,每个模块配有错因分析表和反思任务,帮助学生自主诊断薄弱环节,教师可依据学情精准指导,提升备考实效。

内容正文:

真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2024·全国一卷) 话题:建筑设计与丝绸之路植物传播 一、真题再现 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.The latest [56]________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective [57]________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel "sepals (萼片)" made of glass and aluminium(铝).These sepals open on warm days [58]________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays [59]________ (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse [60]________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for [61]________ first time. These plants included modern Western [62]________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands [63]________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route [64]________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the [65]________ (rich) of gardening in England. 二、核心词汇及短语 1. greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室;暖房 Example: The greenhouse protects plants from cold weather. 2. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构;建筑物 Example: The new structure was built with modern materials. 3. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ v. 影响 n. 影响力 Example: Her teaching style was influenced by her own education. 4. engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ n. 工程(名词作定语) Example: Engineering techniques are essential for modern construction. 5. functional /ˈfʌŋkʃənl/ adj. 功能性的;实用的 Example: The design is both functional and beautiful. 6. feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ v. 以……为特色 n. 特征 Example: The exhibition features works by local artists. 7. sepal /ˈsepl/ n. 萼片(植物学) Example: The sepals protect the flower bud before it opens. 8. aluminium /ˌæljəˈmɪniəm/ n. 铝 Example: Aluminium is a lightweight metal used in many industries. 9. winding /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/ adj. 蜿蜒的;弯曲的 Example: The winding path led us to the top of the hill. 10. contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/ adj. 当代的;现代的 Example: The museum displays both ancient and contemporary art. 11. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就;成绩 Example: Winning the award was a great achievement. 12. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 Example: The natural habitat of the panda is in China. 13. retrace /rɪˈtreɪs/ v. 追溯;重走 Example: The visitors retraced the steps of ancient traders. 14. define /dɪˈfaɪn/ v. 定义;界定 Example: Many factors define a person's character. 15. at the edge of /æt ðə edʒ əv/ phr. 在……的边缘 Example: The village lies at the edge of the forest. 16. apply to /əˈplaɪ tuː/ phr. 应用于 Example: The new rules apply to all students. 17. a great achievement /ə ɡreɪt əˈtʃiːvmənt/ phr. 一项伟大的成就 Example: The Great Wall is a great achievement of ancient China. 18. native habitat /ˈneɪtɪv ˈhæbɪtæt/ phr. 原生栖息地 Example: Many animals are threatened by the loss of their native habitat. 19. as well as /æz wel æz/ phr. 以及;和 Example: The teacher as well as the students enjoys the trip. 三、易错点分析及知识点总结 易错点一:词性转换(名词作定语) 原题: 56. engineering 错误答案: engineer / engineered / engineer's 错因分析: 很多同学看到"techniques"需要定语修饰,会填"engineer"(工程师)或"engineered"(被设计的),但这里考查的是"名词作定语"的用法。"engineering"本身就是名词作定语修饰"techniques",意为"工程技术",不需要变形容词。 知识点总结: (1)名词可以作定语修饰另一个名词: engineering techniques(工程技术) history teacher(历史老师) school gate(学校大门) table lamp(台灯) (2)区分"名词作定语"与"形容词作定语": engineering techniques(工程技术/名词作定语) technical problems(技术问题/形容词作定语) (3)注意:名词作定语一般用单数形式,但某些固定搭配用复数: sports meeting(运动会) clothes shop(服装店) 【真题1】(2021·全国乙卷) The ________ (engineer) team worked on the project for two years. 【真题2】(2022·全国甲卷) The ________ (chemistry) experiment was a great success. 【真题3】(2023·全国甲卷) She works as a ________ (science) researcher at the university. 易错点二:非谓语动词(不定式作目的状语) 原题: 58. to give 错误答案: giving / given / to giving 错因分析: 很多同学看到"open"和"give"之间没有连词,且"give"表示"为了给里面的植物阳光和新鲜空气",表示目的,应用"to give"作目的状语。现在分词"giving"作伴随状语或结果状语,不符合此处语境。 知识点总结: (1)不定式(to do)作目的状语:意为"为了……" (2)现在分词(doing)作伴随状语:表示与谓语同时发生的动作 (3)现在分词(doing)作结果状语:表示自然而然的结果 (4)判断方法:如果动作表示"目的",用"to do";如果表示"伴随",用"doing"。 【真题1】(2022·新高考I卷) She got up early ________ (catch) the first train. 【真题2】(2021·全国乙卷) The old man stopped ________ (rest) under the tree. 【真题3】(2023·全国甲卷) He went to the library ________ (return) the books. 易错点三:词性转换(形容词→名词) 原题: 65. richness 错误答案: rich / richly / riches 错因分析: 定冠词"the"后接名词作介词"of"的宾语。"rich"是形容词,不能作宾语;"riches"虽然也是名词,但意为"财富",不符合语境。此处表示"英国园艺的丰富性",应填"richness"。 知识点总结: (1)定冠词"the" + 名词:the + N.(名词化结构) (2)常见的形容词→名词后缀: -ness:rich → richness, happy → happiness, weak → weakness -ity:active → activity, creative → creativity -ism:real → realism, social → socialism (3)"the + 形容词"可以表示一类人(如the rich=富人),但这里需填抽象名词"richness"。 【真题1】(2021·全国乙卷) We should appreciate the ________ (beautiful) of nature. 【真题2】(2022·全国甲卷) The ________ (happy) of the children was written on their faces. 【真题3】(2023·全国乙卷) The ________ (deep) of the river is about ten meters. 四、同话题时事热点阅读 下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料,与"建筑设计/温室/植物"同话题,难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词,请在阅读时重点关注。 Biophilic Design: Bringing Nature into Architecture In recent years, architects around the world have been embracing the concept of "biophilic design," which seeks to integrate nature into the built environment. Unlike traditional buildings that separate humans from the natural world, biophilic designs incorporate elements like natural light, ventilation, and vegetation to create spaces that promote physical and mental well-being. The Glasshouse designed by Heatherwick Studio is a perfect example of this trend, using cutting-edge engineering techniques to create a protective yet beautiful structure that allows plants to thrive while showcasing the aesthetic appeal of modern architecture. 近年来,世界各地的建筑师纷纷采纳"亲生物设计"的概念,该概念旨在将自然融入建筑环境。与传统建筑将人与自然世界分隔开来不同,亲生物设计融入了自然光、通风和植被等元素,创造出促进身心健康的空间。赫斯维克工作室设计的玻璃温室就是这一趋势的完美例证,它运用尖端的工程技术,创造出一个既具有保护性又美丽的建筑结构,让植物得以茁壮生长,同时展示了现代建筑的美学魅力。 The benefits of integrating nature into architecture extend far beyond aesthetics. Scientific studies have shown that exposure to natural elements can reduce stress, improve concentration, and even accelerate healing in hospital settings. Green roofs and living walls not only provide insulation but also help to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, contributing to cleaner air in urban areas. As cities become increasingly crowded, the integration of nature into architectural design has become not just a luxury but a necessity for sustainable urban living. 将自然融入建筑的好处远不止于美学层面。科学研究表明,接触自然元素可以减轻压力、提高注意力,甚至能加速医院环境中的康复过程。绿色屋顶和垂直绿化墙不仅能提供隔热效果,还能吸收二氧化碳、释放氧气,为城市地区更清洁的空气做出贡献。随着城市变得越来越拥挤,将自然融入建筑设计已不再是一种奢侈品,而是可持续城市生活的必需品。 However, implementing biophilic design on a large scale comes with its own set of challenges. The costs of installing green roofs, maintaining vegetation, and ensuring proper drainage can be substantial. Moreover, architects must carefully select plant species that are suitable for the local climate to avoid excessive water and energy consumption. Despite these challenges, many experts believe that biophilic design represents the future of architecture, offering a harmonious balance between human needs and environmental sustainability. 然而,大规模实施亲生物设计也面临着一系列挑战。安装绿色屋顶、维护植被以及确保适当的排水系统,这些成本可能相当可观。此外,建筑师必须精心选择适应当地气候的植物物种,以避免过度的水和能源消耗。尽管面临这些挑战,许多专家相信亲生物设计代表了建筑的未来,在人类需求与环境可持续性之间提供了一种和谐的平衡。 阅读核心词汇(背诵掌握): integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v. 融合;整合 ventilation /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ n. 通风;空气流通 vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n. 植被;植物 protective /prəˈtektɪv/ adj. 保护的;防护的 thrive /θraɪv/ v. 茁壮成长;繁荣 aesthetic /iːsˈθetɪk/ adj. 美学的;审美的 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少;降低 insulation /ˌɪnsjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 隔热;隔音 absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ v. 吸收 contributing /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪŋ/ v. 贡献;促成 necessity /nəˈsesəti/ n. 必需品;必要性 drainage /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/ n. 排水系统 substantial /səbˈstænʃl/ adj. 大量的;可观的 suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 适合的;适宜的 balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡 sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ n. 可持续性 五、默写 第一组(来自真题语篇,共15题): 1. 温室 _______________ 2. 结构;建筑物 _______________ 3. 影响 _______________ 4. 工程(名词作定语) _______________ 5. 功能性的;实用的 _______________ 6. 以……为特色 _______________ 7. 萼片 _______________ 8. 铝 _______________ 9. 蜿蜒的;弯曲的 _______________ 10. 当代的;现代的 _______________ 11. 成就 _______________ 12. 栖息地 _______________ 13. 追溯;重走 _______________ 14. 定义;界定 _______________ 15. 在……的边缘 _______________ 第二组(来自阅读拓展,共5题): 16. 融合;整合 _______________ 17. 通风;空气流通 _______________ 18. 吸收 _______________ 19. 适合的;适宜的 _______________ 20. 可持续性 _______________ 【参考答案】 (一)语法填空真题详解 56. engineering 考查词性转换。句意为:最新的工程技术被用来创建这种既具有保护功能又美观的建筑。分析句子结构可知,空白处作定语修饰后面的名词"techniques",engineering在此处是名词作定语,engineering techniques意为"工程技术"。 57. functional 考查词性转换。空白处应用形容词作定语修饰"structure",故填"functional",意为"功能(性)的"。 58. to give 考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语,表示"为了给……提供……"。 59. closed 考查词性转换。"stays"是系动词,后接过去分词形容词作表语,表示被动。closed意为"关闭的"。 60. walks 考查谓语动词。纵观全句,没有谓语动词,故此处应填谓语动词。句子的主语是"the Silk Route Garden",与"walk"是主动关系,指的是花园通过其设计和布局,使游客能够体验或"走过"一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程。整个段落用的是一般现在时来描述"the Glasshouse"和"the Silk Route Garden"的特点和功能,因此,此处也应用一般现在时第三人称单数形式,故填"walks"。 61. the 考查定冠词。序数词表示"第几"时,其前常加定冠词。"for the first time"是固定搭配,意为"第一次"。 62. favourites/favorites 考查名词。本句中"included"后接名词作宾语,空白处前面又有形容词"Western"修饰,"favourite"在此处为名词,表示"特别喜爱的事物"。再根据空白处后面的"such as rosemary, lavender and fennel"可知,特别喜爱的事物不止一种,故填"favourite"的复数形式。 63. as 考查介词。根据句意可知,玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就,"the Glasshouse"是"作为"一项成就而存在,故填介词"as"。 64. that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为"the Silk Route",故填"that"或"which"。 65. richness 考查词性转换。根据空白处前面的定冠词"the"可知,此处应填"rich"的名词形式"richness",表示"丰富性"。 (二)易错点配套真题答案 易错点一配套真题: 1. engineering(2021·全国乙卷) 2. chemistry(2022·全国甲卷) 3. science(2023·全国甲卷) 易错点二配套真题: 1. to catch(2022·新高考I卷) 2. to rest(2021·全国乙卷) 3. to return(2023·全国甲卷) 易错点三配套真题: 1. beauty(2021·全国乙卷) 2. happiness(2022·全国甲卷) 3. depth(2023·全国乙卷) (三)默写答案 1. greenhouse 2. structure 3. influence 4. engineering 5. functional 6. feature 7. sepal 8. aluminium 9. winding 10. contemporary 11. achievement 12. habitat 13. retrace 14. define 15. at the edge of 16. integrate 17. ventilation 18. absorb 19. suitable 20. sustainability 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2024·全国一卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2024·全国一卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2024·全国一卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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