Unit 5 Buildings 一般过去时被动语态（核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦一般过去时被动语态，构建“定义-结构-转换-考点”四层逻辑体系，通过阶梯式题型实现方法迁移与语言能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|核心结构表+4考点|转换四步法（宾变主→谓语改→by短语→省略）；四大考点（不及物动词无被动、to还原、短语动词不可拆分、by后宾格）|概念生成（主动vs被动）→规则推导（was/were+done句式）→易错点突破| |考点夯基|填空15题/选择20题/完成句子10题/句型转换10题|结构应用（时态判断+主谓一致）；考点辨析（语境中区分主动被动）|基础巩固（单一结构）→变式训练（否定/疑问/特殊疑问）→综合应用（中英互译）| |综合提升|2篇语法选择（10题）|语境综合运用（结合时态、主谓一致及上下文逻辑）|从孤立语法点到语篇理解，提升思维品质与语言综合运用能力|

Unit 5 Buildings 核心语法精练 （一般过去时被动语态） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 2 二、单项选择 5 三、完成句子 10 四、句型转换 12 14 一、语法选择 14 一般过去时被动语态 定义 一般过去时被动语态：表示过去某个时间，主语是动作的承受者。 主动语态：主语发出动作；被动语态：主语承受动作。 核心结构 谓语公式：was /were + 动词过去分词 (done) was → 主语单数 / 不可数名词 /he/she/it/ I were → 主语复数 /you 肯定句：主语 + was/were + done The bridge was built in 2010. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + done The letter was not sent yesterday. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + done…? Were these photos taken last week? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done…? Where were these photos taken last week? 主动语态变被动语态步骤 1.主动句宾语 → 被动句主语 2.谓语动词改为 was/were + 过去分词 3.主动主语置于 by + 宾语，不强调可省略 例： They built the house last year.（主动） → The house was built (by them) last year.（被动） 考点 1.不及物动词无被动 happen, take place, appear, rise 无被动 ❌ The accident was happened. ✅ The accident happened. 2.to还原 主动：make/see/watch sb. do sth. 被动：sb. was/were made/seen/watched to do They made him wait. → He was made to wait. They saw him leave. → He was seen to leave. 3.短语动词整体不可拆分 We listen to the teacher carefully. →The teacher is listened to carefully.（介词不能丢掉） 4.by 后面宾格 He finished the work. → The work was finished by him. 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．The experiment ________ (repeat) several times last week. 【答案】was repeated 【详解】句意：这个实验上周被重复做了好几次。主语the experiment和动词repeat构成被动关系；时间状语last week表示过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语为单数，用was，repeat的过去分词是repeated，故填was repeated。 2．It was in 2006 that the railway ________ (complete). 【答案】was completed 【详解】句意：这条铁路是在2006年竣工的。本句为it was…that…强调句型，主语the railway和complete是被动关系，并且根据“in 2006”可知是过去时间，使用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为：was/were + 过去分词。主语railway是单数，故填was completed。 3．The film ________ (shoot) in a small mountain village last summer. 【答案】was shot 【详解】句意：这部电影去年夏天在一个小山村拍摄。主语the film和shoot是被动关系，要用被动语态be + 过去分词。时间last summer是一般过去时。主语是单数，be动词用was；shoot的过去分词是shot。 4．These photos ________ (take) when the archaeologists worked at the site. 【答案】were taken 【详解】句意：这些照片是考古学家们在遗址开展工作时拍摄的。主语These photos（这些照片）和动词take（拍摄）是被动关系，照片是 “被拍摄”，因此要用被动语态（be+过去分词）。从句中worked是一般过去时，说明拍照的动作发生在过去，主句需用一般过去时的被动语态。主语photos是复数，be 动词选用were；take的过去分词为taken。 5．The Tiangong Space Station ________ (complete) in 2022. 【答案】was completed 【详解】句意：天宫空间站于2022年完工。句中“in 2022”为过去的时间状语，提示句子使用一般过去时；主语The Tiangong Space Station（天宫空间站）和动词complete（完成）是被动关系，表示“空间站被建成”，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were +动词过去分词”。主语为单数，be动词用was，complete的过去分词为completed，故填was completed。 6．The first practical light bulb ________ (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1879. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：1879年，托马斯·爱迪生发明了第一个实用灯泡。invent“发明”，动词。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，即灯泡被爱迪生发明。结合时间状语“in 1879”可知，时态是一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词。主语The first practical light bulb是第三人称单数，be动词用was，invent的过去分词是invented。 7．Luckily, a guide to AI ________ (publish) in Wuxi last year to help students to use AI wisely. 【答案】was published 【详解】句意：幸运的是，去年无锡出版了一本人工智能指南，以帮助学生明智地使用人工智能。主语“a guide”为单数且与谓语动词“publish”之间为被动关系，时间状语“last year”表示过去的时间，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，publish的过去分词为published。 8．The astronaut ________ (choose) for the mission last month. 【答案】was chosen 【详解】句意：这名宇航员上个月被选中执行这项任务。时间状语last month表明时态为一般过去时；astronaut和choose是被动关系（宇航员是被挑选），要用一般过去时被动语态，结构“was/were+过去分词”；主语为单数，be动词用was，choose过去分词是chosen，组合得到was chosen。 9．The school __________ (build) in 1985. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意：这所学校建于1985年。build意为“修建”，是动词，和主语“school”之间是被动关系，句子用被动语态，结合时间状语“in 1985”可知，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，build的过去分词是built。 10．The cups __________ (break) by the little boy just now. 【答案】were broken 【详解】句意：这些杯子刚才被小男孩打碎了。根据“just now”可知时态为一般过去时，主语the cups和动词break“打破”是被动关系，需用一般过去时被动语态was/were done；主语cups是复数，be动词用were，break的过去分词为broken。 11．We shared our ideas with others and made sure everyone ________ (respect). 【答案】was respected 【详解】句意：我们和其他人分享了我们的想法，并且确保每一个人都得到了尊重。主句的shared和made sure都是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态要和主句保持一致，因此从句要用过去相关时态。 ‌从句主语everyone是“被尊重”的对象，是动作的承受者，需要使用被动语态，结构为be+动词的过去分词。 ‌宾语从句的主语everyone是单数，过去时对应的be动词用was，respect的过去分词是respected。故填was respected。 12．The next sentence is related to the last, but it ________ (not affect) by it. 【答案】is not affected 【详解】句意：下一句话和上一句有关联，但它不会受上一句的影响。句中出现介词by，为被动语态标志；主语it与动词affect构成被动关系，被动语态基础结构为be+过去分词。前半句谓语动词is提示时态为一般现在时，主语it是单数第三人称，因此be动词选用is；括号给出否定提示，直接在be动词后加not；affect的过去分词形式为affected。 13．The song ________ (write) by a young composer two years ago. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意：这首歌是两年前一位年轻作曲家写的。句中有by，主语“the song”是动作的承受者，要用被动语态（be+过去分词）；“two years ago”是过去时间，用一般过去时；主语“the song”为单数，be动词用was；write的过去分词为written。应填was written。 14．The students ________ (tell) to review the text many times by their teacher. 【答案】were told 【详解】句意：老师多次要求学生复习课文。tell“告诉”，主语the students是动作tell的承受者，要用被动语态，结构：be动词+过去分词。语境暗示过去时且主语是复数，be动词用were；故填were told。 15．This ancient tomb ________ (discover) last year. 【答案】was discovered 【详解】句意：这座古墓去年被发现了。“last year”提示使用一般过去时，主语“This ancient tomb”是单数，与动词discover构成被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was+过去分词，discover的过去分词形式是discovered。 二、单项选择。 16．The first spacecraft ________ to space many years ago. A．sent B．was sent C．has sent D．sends 【答案】B 【详解】句意：第一个航天器许多年前被送入太空。 sent发送（过去式）；was sent被发送（过去被动）；has sent已经发送（现在完成时）；sends发送（一般现在时）。根据时间状语“many years ago”可知句子时态为一般过去时，主语“The first spacecraft”与动词“send”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were + 过去分词，主语为单数，所以用was sent。 17．—Do you know when the film ________? —Yes, in 1895. A．invented B．was invented C．is invented D．invent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道电影是什么时候被发明的吗？——知道，在 1895 年。 主语the film与动词invent之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be + done）；根据答语“in 1895”可知动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，be 动词用was。 18．All the guests ________ around the hall and waited for the king. A．seat B．seated C．were seated D．are seating 【答案】C 【详解】句意：所有宾客在大厅四周落座，等候国王。 并列动词waited为一般过去时，句子整体为过去时态；seat为及物动词，表达“人就座”需用be seated结构，主语all the guests是复数，be动词过去式用were，构成were seated。 19．The word “robot” ________ for the first time in a play in 1920. A．introduced B．was introduced C．is introduced D．introduces 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“机器人”这个词首次在 1920 年的一部戏剧中被引入。 根据时间状语“in 1920”可知，用一般过去时，主语The word “robot”与动词introduce之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选用was introduced。 20．The school sports meeting ________ because of the bad weather last week. A．put off B．was put off C．has put off D．is put off 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周由于糟糕的天气，学校运动会被推迟了。 put off“推迟”。选项A为主动语态；选项B为一般过去时的被动语态；选项C为现在完成时的主动语态；选项D为一般现在时的被动语态。主语“The school sports meeting”与动词短语之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语“last week”表明句子时态为一般过去时。根据时态和语态要求，应选一般过去时的被动语态。 21．More books ________ because paper and printing appeared hundreds of years ago. A．produce B．produced C．were produced D．are produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：因为几百年前纸张和印刷术出现了，更多的书被生产出来。 produce生产，动词原形；produced生产，过去式；were produced为一般过去时被动语态；are produced为一般现在时被动语态。主语More books与谓语produce之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除A、B；根据时间状语hundreds of years ago可知时态为一般过去时，排除D。故选C。 22．Papermaking technique ________ to Europe through Arab countries. A．spread B．was spread C．spreads D．is spread 【答案】B 【详解】句意：造纸术经由阿拉伯国家被传播到欧洲。 spread传播，过去式/过去分词；was spread被传播，一般过去时被动；spreads 传播，三单；is spread被传播，一般现在时被动。主语“Papermaking technique”与动词“spread”之间是被动关系，且造纸术西传是过去发生的历史事实，需用一般过去时的被动语态。 23．The old railway line ________ built in Kenya in 1901. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这条旧铁路线于1901年在肯尼亚建成。 主语“The old railway line”是单数，排除C和D；时间状语“in 1901”表示过去的时间，需用一般过去时，排除A。此处为被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，故填was。 24．The Tianwen-1 spacecraft ________ into space on July 23, 2020. A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：天问一号航天器于2020年7月23日被发射进入太空。 根据时间状语“on July 23, 2020”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。主语“The Tianwen-1 spacecraft”与动词“send”之间是被动关系，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+过去分词），主语为单数，be动词用was。故选D。 25．It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel ________ in Eastern Europe. A．finds B．found C．was found D．has been found 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据信世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。 主语“the world’s oldest wheel”与动词“find”之间为被动关系（被人类发现），且根据语境，该发现是过去发生的确定事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态，应填was found。 26．In ancient times, many different materials ________ to write on, such as bamboo and silk. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在古代，许多不同的材料被用来书写，比如竹子和丝绸。 use使用，动词原形；used使用，为过去式；are used被使用，一般现在时被动语态；were used被使用，为一般过去时被动语态。根据时间状语“In ancient times”可知句子时态为一般过去时；主语“materials”与动词“use”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。结合时态和语态，需用一般过去时的被动语态。 27．—What materials ________ paper ________ from in ancient China? —Bark, plants, and old clothes. A．is; made B．was; made C．did; make D．was; making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在古代中国纸是由什么材料制成的？——树皮、植物和旧衣服。 根据时间状语“in ancient China”可知句子时态为一般过去时；主语“paper”与动词“make”之间是被动关系，固定搭配be made from意为“由……制成”，paper为不可数名词，be动词用was。 28．When ______ the Great Wall ______? A．did...build B．was...built C．is...built D．were...built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：长城是什么时候建成的？ the Great Wall是“被建造”的，应用被动语态。语境为询问历史，用一般过去时。主语the Great Wall是单数，故选was...built。 29．Many old buildings ______ in the fire last year. A．destroyed B．were destroyed C．are destroyed D．destroy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多古老建筑在去年的火灾中被毁。 时间状语“last year”是一般过去时的标志，主语Many old buildings和动词destroy之间是被动关系，需要使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：were/was+过去分词。主语为复数，be动词用were，destroy的过去分词是destroyed，即were destroyed。 30．The story ______ by my grandmother when I was young. A．was told B．is told C．told D．tells 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我小时候，这个故事是奶奶讲给我听的。 was told被讲述（一般过去时被动）；is told被讲述（一般现在时被动）；told讲述；tells讲述（一般现在时）。The story是“被讲述”的，应用被动语态。时间状语 “when I was young”是过去时间，用was told。 31．The windows ________ by the strong wind last night. A．broke B．were broken C．are broken D．break 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚窗户被大风打碎了。 broke打碎，一般过去时主动语态；were broken被打碎，一般过去时被动语态；are broken被打碎，一般现在时被动语态；break打碎，一般现在时主动语态。主语the windows此处表示被动含义，表示“窗户被打碎”，使用被动语态。根据时间状语“last night”可知，一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，时态是一般过去时，主语windows为复数，be动词用were。应填were broken。 32．The Palace Museum ________ in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty. A．is built B．was built C．built D．builds 【答案】B 【详解】句意：故宫于 1420 年明朝时期建成。 时间“in 1420”为过去的年份，故宫是“被建造”，要用一般过去时的被动语态，选was built。 33．—________ the ring made of silver? —Yes, and it ________ in Thailand. A．Is; was made B．Was; is made C．Is; is made D．Was; was made 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这戒指是银制的吗？——是的，而且它是泰国制造的。 be made of表示“由……制成”，描述物品本身材质属性，是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the ring为单数，be动词用Is；“be made in + 地点”表示“在某地制造”。戒指是过去生产制造出来的，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it为单数，故用was made。A选项正确。 34．The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing, and it was a great success. A．held B．is held C．was held D．will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2022年冬奥会在北京被举行，并且它取得了巨大的成功。 根据主语中的“2022”及后半句“was”可知句子时态为一般过去时；主语“The 2022 Winter Olympics”与动词hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，C项为一般过去时被动语态。 35．Because of the heavy rain, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于大雨，青岛的游客昨天被警告远离海滩。 时间状语“yesterday”提示句子用一般过去时；主语visitors是动作warn的承受者，需用被动语态（was/were+过去分词）。因主语为复数，be动词选用were。 三、完成句子。 36．他被她的故事深深打动了。 He was deeply ________ by her ________. 【答案】moved story 【详解】第一空关键词“打动”对应动词move，句子结构中出现“was…by”，表明是被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，因此填入move的过去分词moved。第二空关键词“故事”对应名词story，此处特指她的某一个故事，使用单数形式story。 37．霍金被认为是当时最伟大的科学家之一。 Hawking was ________ as one of the greatest ________ of his time. 【答案】recognized scientists 【详解】根据中文，第一空关键词为“被认为是”，使用动词短语recognize...as的被动形式be recognized as；第二空关键词为“科学家”，使用名词scientist，此处要表达“最伟大的科学家之一”，使用结构“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，用复数形式scientists。 38．电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。 The telephone ________ ________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. 【答案】was invented 【详解】原句中“被发明”是关键词，1876为过去时间，主语The telephone是单数，一般过去时被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词；invent“发明”的过去分词是invented，因此填was invented。 39．这所房子是去年建的。 The house ________ ________ last year. 【答案】was built 【详解】原句中“是……建的”为关键部分，表示“建造”的词为build。本句的时间状语为last year，且房子应当是“被建造”，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were + 过去分词”；build的过去分词为built，主语“The house”为单数，所以be动词用was。故填was；built。 40．所有的原料被混合在一起并在水中煮沸。 All the ingredients ________ ________ and boiled in water. 【答案】were mixed 【详解】原句中“被混合”是关键词，表示“混合”用动词mix，“被”提示用被动语态，根据boiled，可知用一般过去时的被动语态描述过去发生的动作，主语“ingredients”是复数，谓语结构用“were+动词的过去分词”，mix的过去分词直接在词尾加-ed。 41．在收音机发明之前，信息传播得很慢。   Before the radio __________, information __________ very slowly. 【答案】was invented travelled 【详解】第一空表示“被发明”，第三人称单数主语radio与动词invent之间是被动关系，且描述的是过去发生的事情，故使用一般过去时的被动语态was invented；第二空表示“传播”，描述过去的状态，使用一般过去时，即travelled。 42．这款机器人过去被用来照顾病人。 This kind of robot ________ _________ _________ look after patients in the past. 【答案】was used to 【详解】原句中“被用来”是关键词，表示“被用来做某事”的固定结构是be used to do sth。时间状语“in the past”说明要用一般过去时，主语“This kind of robot”是单数，因此be动词用过去式was，故填was used to。 43．昨天，我们绘制了思维导图来帮助记新单词。 Mind maps ________ ________ to help us remember new words yesterday. 【答案】were drawn/made/created/designed 【详解】原句中“绘制”是关键词，表示“绘制”的词有draw/make/create/design。根据句末的时间状语“yesterday”，句子应用一般过去时。主语“Mind maps”是动词“绘制”的承受者，因此需用被动语态，结构为“be动词+过去分词”，且主语为复数，be动词需用were。故填were；drawn/made/created/designed。 44．大家期望她在短时间内把这个问题解决掉。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ the problem in a short time. 【答案】is/was expected to solve 【详解】中文句 “大家期望她” 和 “解决” 是关键，英文主语是She (她)，因此需使用被动语态，表示 “她被期望”，结构为be expected。主动语态expect sb. to do sth. (期望某人做某事) 变为被动语态时，结构为sb. be expected to do sth.。“解决”对应的英文动词是solve。主语She是第三人称单数，be动词用is/was。故填is/was；expected；to；solve。 45．遵义会议于1935年1月召开。 The Zunyi Meeting __________ _________ in January 1935. 【答案】was held 【详解】原句中“召开”是关键词，对应的英文为hold，且主语The Zunyi Meeting与hold为被动关系，事件发生时间为1935年，故本句应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was held。故填was；held。 四、句型转换。 46．They completed the space station in 2022.（改为被动语态） The space station ________ ________ in 2022. 【答案】was completed 【详解】句意：他们在2022年建成了空间站。原句为一般过去时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，宾语“the space station”变为主语，主语为单数，be动词用was，complete的过去分词为completed。 47．The story touched many people’s hearts. (改为被动语态) Many people’s hearts ________ ________ by the story. 【答案】were touched 【详解】句意：这个故事打动了许多人的心。原句谓语touched是touch的一般过去式主动形式。一般过去时被动语态结构为“were/was +动词过去分词”；主语Many people’s hearts是复数，be动词选用were；touch的过去分词为touched。主动语态宾语many people’s hearts变为被动句主语，主动语态主语the story放置在by之后。故填were；touched。 48．The film was shot in a small village.（改为一般疑问句） ________ the film ________ in a small village? 【答案】Was shot 【详解】句意：这部电影是在一个小村庄拍摄的吗？本句为一般过去时的被动语态，变一般疑问句时直接将be动词was提到句首，首字母大写，后面保留过去分词shot。 49．Cai Lun invented paper in 105 CE. (改为被动语态) Paper ________ ________ by Cai Lun in 105 CE. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：纸是蔡伦在公元105年发明的。根据主动语态改为被动语态的规则，原句宾语paper作主语，时态为一般过去时，被动结构为“was/were+过去分词”，paper为不可数名词，视为单数，用was，invent的过去分词为invented。故填was；invented。 50．People boil all the materials first.（改为一般过去时被动） All the materials ________ ________ first long ago. 【答案】were boiled 【详解】句意：人们先煮沸所有的原料。题目要求改为被动语态，被动语态的基本结构是“be动词+动词过去分词”。根据句末的时间状语“long ago”，可知句子时态应为一般过去时，be 动词需用过去式was或were。新句子的主语是“All the materials”，为复数形式，因此be动词应选用were，原句动词是boil，其过去分词形式是boiled。故填were；boiled。 51．People built lots of blocks to protect trees.（改为被动语态） Lots of blocks ________ ________ to protect trees. 【答案】were built 【详解】句意：人们建造了许多护砌块来保护树木。原句为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，主语Lots of blocks是动作的承受者，且为复数，助动词用were，谓语动词使用过去分词built。 52．We named the school after the great fighter.（改为被动语态） The school ________ ________ after the great fighter. 【答案】was named 【详解】句意：我们以这位伟大的战士的名字命名了这所学校。原句为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，主语The school是动作的承受者，且为单数，助动词用was，谓语动词使用过去分词named。故填was named。 53．They planted a lot of trees along the river last year.（改为被动语态） A lot of trees ________ ________ along the river last year by them. 【答案】were planted 【详解】句意：他们去年在河边种了很多树。原句为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，将宾语A lot of trees变为主语，谓语改为“was/were + 过去分词”，由于主语“A lot of trees”为复数，be动词用were，plant的过去分词为planted。故填were；planted。 54．Clara put red couplets on the wall during the festival. (改为被动句) Red couplets ________ ________ on the wall during the festival by Clara. 【答案】were put 【详解】句意：克拉拉在节日期间把红色的对联贴在墙上。原句谓语动词put为过去式，表明句子时态为一般过去时。改为被动语态，结构为“be动词+过去分词”。改写后主语Red couplets复数，且时态为过去时，be动词选用were，动词put的过去分词仍为put。 55．He sent me a gift last Sunday. (改为被动语态) A gift _________ _________ to me last Sunday. 【答案】was sent 【详解】句意：他上周日送给我一个礼物。原句是一般过去时，要用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词过去分词，主语“A gift”是单数，be动词为was，send的过去分词为sent。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Recently, a Shenzhen citizen known as “Tape Measure (卷尺) Brother” has become famous online. In his everyday life, he not only works as a delivery man, but also 56 a tape measure to check public facilities (设施) when he gets around the city. He takes videos of problems like big holes on the road, very high steps and dark street lights and posts 57 online. So far, he has made 58 than 1,000 videos. “Tape Measure Brother” said he just wanted to make sure 59 the city stayed safe for everyone. His kindness was noticed by many people, including 60 Shenzhen government. Most of the problems that he pointed out 61 care of very quickly. “Tape Measure Brother” has become a special bridge 62 the community and the government. Actions of “Tape Measure Brother” have 63 touched and encouraged many students to care about society. Last month, some middle school 64 joined him in checking facilities in local areas. “Tape Measure Brother” sets a great example of taking social responsibility. Everyone is able 65 a difference. If we all pay attention and take action, our cities will certainly be safer and greater. 56．A．carries B．carried C．has carried 57．A．they B．them C．their 58．A．many B．more C．most 59．A．that B．what C．how 60．A．a B．an C．the 61．A．took B．were taking C．were taken 62．A．between B．in C．through 63．A．deep B．depth C．deeply 64．A．student B．students C．students’ 65．A．make B．making C．to make 【答案】56．A 57．B 58．B 59．A 60．C 61．C 62．A 63．C 64．B 65．C 【导语】本文讲述了深圳“卷尺哥”在送外卖之余用卷尺检查公共设施，发现问题并上报，从而促进社区与政府沟通的故事。 【详解】56．句意：他不仅是一名外卖员，还在走街串巷时随身携带卷尺检查公共设施。 描述他日常的行为习惯，应用一般现在时carries“携带”。carried过去式，has carried现在完成时，均与一般现在时描述常态不符。 57．句意：他把问题拍成视频并发布到网上。 空处作post的宾语，指代videos，应用them“它们”。they是主格，their是形容词性物主代词，均不能作宾语。 58．句意：到目前为止，他已经制作了1000多个视频。 空后有than，more than“超过”，more“更多”符合。many原级，most最高级，均与比较结构不符。 59．句意：“卷尺哥”说，他只是想确保城市对每个人都安全。 make sure后接宾语从句，从句结构完整，应用that引导。what“什么”在从句中作成分，how“如何”表方式，均不符。 60．句意：包括深圳政府在内的许多人都注意到了他的善举。 此处特指深圳政府，应用定冠词the。a/an表泛指，均与特指不符。 61．句意：他指出的多数问题都很快得到了处理。 主语Most of the problems与take care of之间为被动关系，且描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态were taken“被处理”。took主动形式，were taking过去进行时主动，均与被动不符。 62．句意：“卷尺哥”成为了社区和政府之间的特殊桥梁。 between...and...“在……和……之间”，between“在……之间”符合。in“在……里”，through“通过”，均与两者之间不符。 63．句意：“卷尺哥”的行为深深地感动和鼓舞了许多学生。 修饰动词touched，应用副词deeply“深深地”。deep是形容词，depth是名词，均不能修饰动词。 64．句意：上个月，一些中学生加入了他，一起检查当地的设施。 some后接可数名词复数，students“学生们”符合。student是单数，students’是名词所有格，均与some搭配不符。 65．句意：每个人都能有所作为。 be able to do sth.“有能力做某事”，应用不定式to make“做出”。make是动词原形，making是动名词，均不能用于be able to后。 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Aiden is a 12-year-old volunteer. He volunteers with TechShare, a local group that serves his community.   66 group collects used computers. These computers 67 by volunteers and sent to families who need them. Aiden started learning about computers 68 playing around with old machines at home. Later, he went to second-hand shops 69 spare parts. Once, he fixed an old computer 70 . It worked better than before. He felt quite excited. Since then, he 71 many computers for others. Aiden is never bored with the work. He enjoys testing different parts 72 they work again. He also loves watching videos that show people repairing computers. It helps him keep up with 73 knowledge about computers. “The best part is hearing 74 the computers benefit people. Some adults use them to find jobs, and some students use them for schoolwork.” Aiden says. Aiden believes children can not only use their own 75 to serve the community, but also grow into better people. 66．A．A B．An C．The 67．A．repaired B．are repaired C．were repaired 68．A．for B．by C．in 69．A．to buy B．buy C．buying 70．A．he B．him C．himself 71．A．fixes B．fixed C．has fixed 72．A．until B．although C．if 73．A．late B．later C．the latest 74．A．what B．how C．who 75．A．hobby B．hobbies C．hobby’s 【答案】66．C 67．B 68．B 69．A 70．C 71．C 72．A 73．C 74．B 75．B 【导语】本文主要讲述12岁志愿者Aiden修理旧电脑服务社区的故事，体现青少年利用爱好回馈社会的正能量，鼓励参与志愿活动。 【详解】66．句意：这个组织收集废旧电脑。 前文已经提到过“local group”（TechShare），此处特指上文出现过的团体，要用定冠词“The”；“A/An”用于第一次出现的单数可数名词。 67．句意：这些电脑由志愿者维修，再送往有需要的家庭。 句子时态为一般现在时；主语“computers”和“repair”是被动关系，一般现在时被动语态为“are+过去分词”，选“are repaired”。 68．句意：艾登是通过在家摆弄旧机器开始了解电脑的。 “by+动名词”，表示“通过某种方式”；“for”表目的，“in”表在……里面，不符合语境。 69．句意：后来，他去二手商店购买零配件。 不定式“to buy”作目的状语，说明去二手店的目的是买零件。 70．句意：有一次，他独自修好一台旧电脑。 反身代词“himself”表示“独自、亲自”；“he”是主格，“him”是宾格，无法单独放句末作状语。 71．句意：从那以后，他已经为他人修理了许多电脑。 “Since then”是现在完成时标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“he”搭配“has fixed”。 72．句意：他喜欢测试各类零件，直到它们能再次正常运转。 “until”意为“直到”，贴合反复测试零件直到修好的语境；“although”（虽然）表让步，“if”（如果）表假设，均不匹配。 73．句意：这帮助他跟上最新的电脑相关知识。 “the latest”固定搭配，意为“最新的”；“late”（迟到的）、“later”（后来）无法修饰“knowledge”。 74．句意：最棒的是听到这些电脑如何给人们带去帮助。 “how”表方式，意为“如何、怎样”，说明电脑造福人们的方式；“what”（什么）、“who”（谁）语义不通。 75．句意：艾登认为孩子们不仅能利用自己的爱好服务社区，还能成为更好的人。 “their own”后接可数名词复数，“hobby”的复数形式是“hobbies”；“hobby”是单数、“hobby’s”是所有格，均不符合语法。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Buildings 核心语法精练 （一般过去时被动语态） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 2 二、单项选择 3 三、完成句子 4 四、句型转换 5 6 一、语法选择 6 一般过去时被动语态 定义 一般过去时被动语态：表示过去某个时间，主语是动作的承受者。 主动语态：主语发出动作；被动语态：主语承受动作。 核心结构 谓语公式：was /were + 动词过去分词 (done) was → 主语单数 / 不可数名词 /he/she/it/ I were → 主语复数 /you 肯定句：主语 + was/were + done The bridge was built in 2010. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + done The letter was not sent yesterday. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + done…? Were these photos taken last week? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done…? Where were these photos taken last week? 主动语态变被动语态步骤 1.主动句宾语 → 被动句主语 2.谓语动词改为 was/were + 过去分词 3.主动主语置于 by + 宾语，不强调可省略 例： They built the house last year.（主动） → The house was built (by them) last year.（被动） 考点 1.不及物动词无被动 happen, take place, appear, rise 无被动 ❌ The accident was happened. ✅ The accident happened. 2.to还原 主动：make/see/watch sb. do sth. 被动：sb. was/were made/seen/watched to do They made him wait. → He was made to wait. They saw him leave. → He was seen to leave. 3.短语动词整体不可拆分 We listen to the teacher carefully. →The teacher is listened to carefully.（介词不能丢掉） 4.by 后面宾格 He finished the work. → The work was finished by him. 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．The experiment ________ (repeat) several times last week. 2．It was in 2006 that the railway ________ (complete). 3．The film ________ (shoot) in a small mountain village last summer. 4．These photos ________ (take) when the archaeologists worked at the site. 5．The Tiangong Space Station ________ (complete) in 2022. 6．The first practical light bulb ________ (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1879. 7．Luckily, a guide to AI ________ (publish) in Wuxi last year to help students to use AI wisely. 8．The astronaut ________ (choose) for the mission last month. 9．The school __________ (build) in 1985. 10．The cups __________ (break) by the little boy just now. 11．We shared our ideas with others and made sure everyone ________ (respect). 12．The next sentence is related to the last, but it ________ (not affect) by it. 13．The song ________ (write) by a young composer two years ago. 14．The students ________ (tell) to review the text many times by their teacher. 15．This ancient tomb ________ (discover) last year. 二、单项选择。 16．The first spacecraft ________ to space many years ago. A．sent B．was sent C．has sent D．sends 17．—Do you know when the film ________? —Yes, in 1895. A．invented B．was invented C．is invented D．invent 18．All the guests ________ around the hall and waited for the king. A．seat B．seated C．were seated D．are seating 19．The word “robot” ________ for the first time in a play in 1920. A．introduced B．was introduced C．is introduced D．introduces 20．The school sports meeting ________ because of the bad weather last week. A．put off B．was put off C．has put off D．is put off 21．More books ________ because paper and printing appeared hundreds of years ago. A．produce B．produced C．were produced D．are produced 22．Papermaking technique ________ to Europe through Arab countries. A．spread B．was spread C．spreads D．is spread 23．The old railway line ________ built in Kenya in 1901. A．is B．was C．are D．were 24．The Tianwen-1 spacecraft ________ into space on July 23, 2020. A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent 25．It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel ________ in Eastern Europe. A．finds B．found C．was found D．has been found 26．In ancient times, many different materials ________ to write on, such as bamboo and silk. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 27．—What materials ________ paper ________ from in ancient China? —Bark, plants, and old clothes. A．is; made B．was; made C．did; make D．was; making 28．When ______ the Great Wall ______? A．did...build B．was...built C．is...built D．were...built 29．Many old buildings ______ in the fire last year. A．destroyed B．were destroyed C．are destroyed D．destroy 30．The story ______ by my grandmother when I was young. A．was told B．is told C．told D．tells 31．The windows ________ by the strong wind last night. A．broke B．were broken C．are broken D．break 32．The Palace Museum ________ in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty. A．is built B．was built C．built D．builds 33．—________ the ring made of silver? —Yes, and it ________ in Thailand. A．Is; was made B．Was; is made C．Is; is made D．Was; was made 34．The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing, and it was a great success. A．held B．is held C．was held D．will be held 35．Because of the heavy rain, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 三、完成句子。 36．他被她的故事深深打动了。 He was deeply ________ by her ________. 37．霍金被认为是当时最伟大的科学家之一。 Hawking was ________ as one of the greatest ________ of his time. 38．电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。 The telephone ________ ________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. 39．这所房子是去年建的。 The house ________ ________ last year. 40．所有的原料被混合在一起并在水中煮沸。 All the ingredients ________ ________ and boiled in water. 41．在收音机发明之前，信息传播得很慢。   Before the radio __________, information __________ very slowly. 42．这款机器人过去被用来照顾病人。 This kind of robot ________ _________ _________ look after patients in the past. 43．昨天，我们绘制了思维导图来帮助记新单词。 Mind maps ________ ________ to help us remember new words yesterday. 44．大家期望她在短时间内把这个问题解决掉。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ the problem in a short time. 45．遵义会议于1935年1月召开。 The Zunyi Meeting __________ _________ in January 1935. 四、句型转换。 46．They completed the space station in 2022.（改为被动语态） The space station ________ ________ in 2022. 47．The story touched many people’s hearts. (改为被动语态) Many people’s hearts ________ ________ by the story. 48．The film was shot in a small village.（改为一般疑问句） ________ the film ________ in a small village? 49．Cai Lun invented paper in 105 CE. (改为被动语态) Paper ________ ________ by Cai Lun in 105 CE. 50．People boil all the materials first.（改为一般过去时被动） All the materials ________ ________ first long ago. 51．People built lots of blocks to protect trees.（改为被动语态） Lots of blocks ________ ________ to protect trees. 52．We named the school after the great fighter.（改为被动语态） The school ________ ________ after the great fighter. 53．They planted a lot of trees along the river last year.（改为被动语态） A lot of trees ________ ________ along the river last year by them. 54．Clara put red couplets on the wall during the festival. (改为被动句) Red couplets ________ ________ on the wall during the festival by Clara. 55．He sent me a gift last Sunday. (改为被动语态) A gift _________ _________ to me last Sunday. 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Recently, a Shenzhen citizen known as “Tape Measure (卷尺) Brother” has become famous online. In his everyday life, he not only works as a delivery man, but also 56 a tape measure to check public facilities (设施) when he gets around the city. He takes videos of problems like big holes on the road, very high steps and dark street lights and posts 57 online. So far, he has made 58 than 1,000 videos. “Tape Measure Brother” said he just wanted to make sure 59 the city stayed safe for everyone. His kindness was noticed by many people, including 60 Shenzhen government. Most of the problems that he pointed out 61 care of very quickly. “Tape Measure Brother” has become a special bridge 62 the community and the government. Actions of “Tape Measure Brother” have 63 touched and encouraged many students to care about society. Last month, some middle school 64 joined him in checking facilities in local areas. “Tape Measure Brother” sets a great example of taking social responsibility. Everyone is able 65 a difference. If we all pay attention and take action, our cities will certainly be safer and greater. 56．A．carries B．carried C．has carried 57．A．they B．them C．their 58．A．many B．more C．most 59．A．that B．what C．how 60．A．a B．an C．the 61．A．took B．were taking C．were taken 62．A．between B．in C．through 63．A．deep B．depth C．deeply 64．A．student B．students C．students’ 65．A．make B．making C．to make 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Aiden is a 12-year-old volunteer. He volunteers with TechShare, a local group that serves his community.   66 group collects used computers. These computers 67 by volunteers and sent to families who need them. Aiden started learning about computers 68 playing around with old machines at home. Later, he went to second-hand shops 69 spare parts. Once, he fixed an old computer 70 . It worked better than before. He felt quite excited. Since then, he 71 many computers for others. Aiden is never bored with the work. He enjoys testing different parts 72 they work again. He also loves watching videos that show people repairing computers. It helps him keep up with 73 knowledge about computers. “The best part is hearing 74 the computers benefit people. Some adults use them to find jobs, and some students use them for schoolwork.” Aiden says. Aiden believes children can not only use their own 75 to serve the community, but also grow into better people. 66．A．A B．An C．The 67．A．repaired B．are repaired C．were repaired 68．A．for B．by C．in 69．A．to buy B．buy C．buying 70．A．he B．him C．himself 71．A．fixes B．fixed C．has fixed 72．A．until B．although C．if 73．A．late B．later C．the latest 74．A．what B．how C．who 75．A．hobby B．hobbies C．hobby’s 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $