Unit 4 Folk customs 民俗（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 以民俗文化为主题，整合多样题型与语言知识，系统培养语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|1篇（京剧）|说明文阅读理解|以京剧为核心介绍传统戏剧，涵盖角色、服饰等文化要素| |实战演练|5篇（英歌舞/文化现象等）|语法选择/阅读匹配等5种题型|从个人案例到文化现象，多维度呈现民俗传承与发展| |语言知识拓展|长难句3句+词汇14个+句型10句|语言知识梳理与应用|从词汇句型解析到文化表达，构建“语言-文化”渐进式逻辑链|

Unit 4 Folk customs民俗 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 说明文 263 介绍了京剧这一中国传统戏剧形式 实战演练 Passage1 语法选择 记叙文 193 汕头女孩庄恩琪因英歌舞走红走访社区传播传统文化 Passage2 阅读匹配 说明文 311 描述七种文化现象 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 280 介绍了口技、相声、京剧、皮影戏四种经典中国传统舞台表演 Passage4 完形填空 新闻报道 310 汉服现在变得越来越受欢迎 Passage5 阅读回答问题 说明文 281 糖画的发展及制作 一、尊重习俗、入乡随俗 1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗 2. Every land has its own customs. 一方水土，一方风俗 二、传统节日、团圆和睦 1. East or west, home is best. 译文：金窝银窝，不如自家草窝 2. A happy family brings good luck. 译文：家和万事兴 三、传统美德、礼仪民俗 1. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪 2. Honesty is the best policy. 四、文化传承、坚守传统 1. Old traditions never die. 古老传统永不消逝 2. The old ways are the best ways. 古法最珍贵，传统自有价值 五、民间处世、民间俗语类 1. Every coin has two sides. 译文：事物皆有两面性 2. Practice makes perfect. 译文：熟能生巧 Peking Opera Peking Opera is one of the most famous forms of traditional Chinese theater. It has a history of over 200 years and is known for its special music, colorful costumes, and dramatic performances. Peking Opera combines singing, acting, speaking, and martial arts. Each performance tells a story, usually based on Chinese history or folklore (民间传说). The actors use body movements, facial expressions, and voice to show the emotions of the characters. In addition to speaking lines, actors sing in a high voice that may sound strange to people who are not familiar with it. But every part of the performance has meaning and follows a strict tradition. There are four main roles in Peking Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou. Sheng is the main male role, often a scholar or a soldier. Dan is a female role, sometimes played by men. Jing has a painted face and plays strong or important characters. Chou is the clown who brings humor to the show. Each role has its own style of costume and makeup. Costumes in Peking Opera are very bright and beautiful. They show the time period, character’s age, and status. The makeup also tells the audience about the character. For example, a red face means loyalty, while a white face often means the person is dishonest. Today, fewer young people watch or learn Peking Opera, but many schools and cultural groups are trying to keep this art alive. Watching Peking Opera can help people understand Chinese culture better. It is not just a show—it is a cultural treasure. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To teach how to perform in Peking Opera. B．To describe the costumes used in Chinese opera. C．To introduce Peking Opera and its cultural value. D．To explain Chinese history in detail. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a Peking Opera performance? A．Singing. B．Drawing. C．Acting. D．Martial arts. 3．What can we learn about the character with a red face? A．He is funny and brings humor. B．He is loyal and honest. C．He is old and poor. D．He is weak and quiet. 4．What does the word “tradition” most likely mean in the underlined sentence? A．A new rule. B．A popular game. C．A long-held custom. D．A simple idea. 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Peking Opera actors only use modern music. B．Young people are very interested in Peking Opera. C．Every role in Peking Opera wears the same costume. D．Some schools are helping to protect Peking Opera. 6．Where would you most likely find this article? A．A science textbook. B．A travel guide about Europe. C．A cultural section in an English-learning book. D．A math workbook. 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第2句）Each performance tells a story, usually based on Chinese history or folklore. 译文：每一场演出都会讲述一个故事，故事大多取材于中国历史或民间传说。 分析：主干Each performance tells a story；过去分词短语based on作后置定语，修饰story。 原句：（第2段第4句）In addition to speaking lines, actors sing in a high voice that may sound strange to people who are not familiar with it. 译文：除念白之外，演员还要用高亢的唱腔演唱，不熟悉京剧的人听来会觉得这种音调很奇特。 分析：in addition to 介词短语作状语；that 定语从句修饰voice；who 定语从句修饰people；be familiar with 固定搭配，熟悉。 原句：（第5段第1句）Today, fewer young people watch or learn Peking Opera, but many schools and cultural groups are trying to keep this art alive. 译文：如今，观看和学习京剧的年轻人越来越少，但许多学校和文化团体都在努力让这门艺术传承下去。 分析：but连接并列转折句；keep sth. alive 固定短语，使……存续、传承。 重难词汇梳理 · theater /ˈθiːətə(r)/n. 戏剧；剧场 · costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/n. 戏服，服装 · dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/adj. 戏剧的；富有感染力的 · martial /ˈmɑːʃl/adj. 武术的 · folklore /ˈfəʊklɔː(r)/n. 民间传说，民俗 · emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/n. 情绪，情感 · status /ˈsteɪtəs/n. 身份，地位 · loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/n. 忠诚，忠义 · dishonest /dɪsˈɒnɪst/adj. 不忠诚的，奸诈的 · clown /klaʊn/n. 丑角，小丑 · martial arts 短语 武术 · performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表演，演出 · treasure /ˈtreʒə(r)/n. 瑰宝，珍宝 · tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/n. 传统，传统技艺 译文 京剧是中国最著名的传统戏曲形式之一，拥有两百多年历史，以独特的唱腔音乐、绚丽多彩的戏服和富有张力的表演闻名于世。 京剧融合了唱、演、念、打四种表演形式。每一出戏都会讲述一个故事，剧情大多取材于中国历史或是民间传说。演员依靠肢体动作、面部神态和唱腔来展现人物的内心情绪。除了念白，演员还会用高亢的曲调演唱，不了解京剧的人听着会觉得十分怪异。但整场表演的每一处细节都有特殊含义，并且严格遵循传统程式。 京剧主要分为四大行当：生、旦、净、丑。生是男性主要角色，多为文人或是武将；旦是女性角色，部分旦角由男演员扮演；净角画有脸谱，饰演性格鲜明、身份重要的人物；丑角是剧中的小丑，为剧目增添诙谐趣味。每个行当都有专属的戏服与妆容风格。 京剧戏服色彩艳丽、华美精致，能够体现故事所处时代、人物年龄与身份地位。脸谱妆容也会向观众传递人物性格：例如红脸代表忠义，而白脸通常代表奸诈小人。 如今，观看、学习京剧的年轻人越来越少，但许多学校与文化团体都在尽力传承这门艺术。欣赏京剧能够帮助人们更好地了解中国文化。它不只是一场演出，更是珍贵的文化瑰宝。 1. Peking Opera is a priceless cultural treasure of China with a long history. 京剧是中国拥有悠久历史的无价文化瑰宝。 2. Different facial colors in Peking Opera stand for different personalities. 京剧不同的脸谱颜色代表不同的人物性格。 3. The four main roles of Peking Opera show the rich characters of traditional operas. 京剧四大行当展现出传统戏曲丰富的人物形象。 4. Singing, acting, speaking and martial arts together make up Peking Opera. 唱、念、做、打共同构成了京剧表演艺术。 5. It is our duty to protect and pass down traditional Chinese arts like Peking Opera. 保护并传承京剧这类中国传统艺术是我们的责任。 6. Beautiful costumes and special music are two great features of Peking Opera. 华美的戏服与独特的唱腔是京剧两大特色。 7. Many schools offer courses to help teenagers learn about traditional operas. 许多学校开设课程，帮助青少年了解传统戏曲。 8. A large number of old stories from history and folk tales are shown in Peking Opera. 大量历史与民间故事都通过京剧演绎出来。 9. Although fewer young people love Peking Opera now, we can find new ways to popularize it. 尽管如今喜爱京剧的年轻人不多，我们可以寻找新方式推广它。 10. Watching traditional operas helps us learn more about our ancient culture. 观看传统戏曲能让我们更深入了解古老的中华文化。 Passage 1 In 2024, a video of a 5-year-old girl dancing with the Yingge Dance team became popular online suddenly. The little girl Zhuang Enqi is from Guiyu Town, Shantou City. She was born 1 February 14th, 2019 and she is famous for Yingge Dance, a traditional folk dance in Chaoshan area. A lot of fans across the country 2 by the lovely and lively girl . Since then, Enqi 3 part in many important cultural activities. She has also visited some schools and communities 4 she can spread the beauty of Yingge Dance to more people. Enqi’s first experience with Yingge Dance started from 5 family. Her father, Zhuang Rongqiang, is a musical instrument player in the local Yuhexing Yingge Team. Her grandfather was also a 6 of a Yingge Team. She became 7 in Yingge Dance by watching her father practice every day. They teach Enqi 8 Yingge in her free time. Enqi is hard-working and she practices dancing every day to make her performance 9 . Many people are wondering 10 Yingge Dance will develop in the future. Now, Zhuang Enqi is one of the youngest performers who pass down Chaoshan culture. 1．A．on B．in C．at 2．A．are attracting B．were attracted C．was attracted 3．A．takes B．took C．has taken 4．A．even though B．so that C．as soon as 5．A．her B．hers C．herself 6．A．member B．member’s C．members 7．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 8．A．dance B．to dance C．dancing 9．A．good B．better C．best 10．A．what B．why C．how Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏是五位外国朋友对中国文化的体验与介绍，右栏是七种文化现象描述。请为每位外国朋友的中国文化体验与介绍选择最合适的描述。选项中有两项为多余项。 1 Chinese History Podcast An American has created an English podcast about Chinese history. It tells ancient stories and helps Western listeners learn more about China’s long past. 2 Ancient Chinese Dishes A teacher has remade more than 60 ancient dishes from a great Chinese novel. She wishes to bring the traditional food culture back to our daily life. 3 Ancient Buildings in Beijing They are well-known ancient buildings, including royal gardens and towers. They show the excellent skills and great art of ancient Chinese builders. 4 Cantonese Opera It is a traditional opera from Guangdong. It is famous for its sweet songs, colorful costumes and old stories, and it enjoys popularity around the world. 5 Kaiping Diaolou They are special ancient buildings in Guangdong. People built them to keep safe in the old days, and now they are world-famous cultural treasures of China. A．It is enjoyable and educational. People can travel back to history and enjoy paintings and buildings from thousands of years ago. B．This special art form stands for Guangdong culture. It is well-known for its pleasant music and bright shows, and it’s popular both locally and across the world. C． It is a wonderful way to learn about ancient life and eating habits. More people can enjoy the beauty of traditional food culture through it. D．It uses simple English to introduce rich Chinese history. It builds a great bridge between China and Western countries. E. Visitors can learn about the life of the old royal family and enjoy ancient buildings with beautiful spring flowers around them. F. It teaches people how to cook modern food quickly with easy steps and helps improve cooking skills in daily life. G. They are special cultural symbols of Guangdong. They show the local history and tell how people lived and protected themselves in the past. Passage 3 Chinese stage performances have been popular for thousands of years. They attract not only many Chinese but also many foreigners. Some are listed here. Ventriloquism (口技) Crosstalk The ancient ventriloquism was a kind of sound art. In order to catch animals, ancient people had to cheat (欺骗) animals by imitating their sounds with their mouths. But as a performing art, it was popular no later than the Song Dynasty. Crosstalk, known as “xiangsheng”, appeared in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. Modern crosstalk includes four skills: speaking, imitating, amusing and singing. Performers do all these things to make people laugh. The performers also tell funny stories about everyday life or historical events. Beijing Opera Shadow Play Beijing Opera is the soul of Chinese national culture. It came into being in the 1790s. It is full of historical stories, beautiful clothes and wonderful performances. There are four kinds of roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Beijing Opera presents plays and characters mainly by four artistic methods. They are singing, speaking, acting and acrobatic (杂技的) fighting. Starting from the Han Dynasty, shadow play became popular among ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty. It was a mixture of dance, drama, music, art and so on. When it became dark, the performers set up the light and paper screen. Then they held the human characters behind the paper screen and the audience saw the stories from the other side. The characters were made of animal skin. As the shadow players moved their fingers, the characters’ looks, dresses and movement could be clearly seen. At the same time, the performers told traditional stories. 1．The underlined word “imitating” means ________. A．hearing B．recording C．using D．copying 2．________ came into being in the 1790s. A．Ventriloquism B．Crosstalk C．Beijing Opera D．Shadow Play 3．People can be made to laugh when they are ________. A．telling funny stories B．speaking on a stage C．listening to crosstalk D．telling historical events 4．Which of the following are artistic methods in Beijing Opera? A．Speaking, imitating, amusing and singing. B．Singing, speaking, acting and acrobatic fighting. C．Jumping, acting, imitating and talking. D．Dance, drama, music and art. 5．We can know that the characters in the shadow play are made of ________. A．animal skin B．paper screen C．lights D．dresses 6．The passage is mainly about ________. A．four Chinese stage performances B．Chinese traditional customs C．the influence of Chinese culture D．the fun time of ancient people Passage 4 It’s reported that a crowd of young people took part in a themed event in Beijing days ago. They wore a traditional style of clothing called hanfu (汉服). It was once worn by the Han people. Miss Liu, born in the 1980s, is the organizer of the event. She said, “My passion (激情) for hanfu came from two of my friends who are fans of traditional Chinese clothing.” Her 1 grew as she learned more about the culture behind it and then she bought her first hanfu costume (服装). She founded a hanfu community with someone else in 2011. Since then, she has been volunteering to 2 the group.    At first, people who wore hanfu 3 were laughed at, while more passersby (过路人) asked about their clothing style. 4 , more and more young people began to wear hanfu as they believe the best way to keep the tradition fresh is to adapt (适应) it to modern life. Yang Kunning was born in the 1990s and works in relations. She 5 sharing her love for hanfu online. She opened an account on the video-sharing platform Bilibili and posted videos featuring herself wearing the traditional clothing. Thousands of comments and likes pour in to her channel as viewers find her videos attractive and creative. “Social media had made hanfu culture 6 in China and abroad. Traditional culture has no national or ethnic boundaries (族群边界).” Yang said. Yang has a collection of around 30 hanfu outfits, suitable for different seasons and occasions. Yang says, “I’m looking forward to taking part in more hanfu-themed events this year in Beijing. It will be a rewarding experience to take part in events in the Forbidden City and other historical places in the capital city.” 1．A．example B．favour C．interest D．salary 2．A．provide B．support C．observe D．transport 3．A．in public B．in hospital C．in class D．at home 4．A．Quickly B．Recently C．Suddenly D．Slowly 5．A．is fond of B．is afraid of C．is supposed to D．is poor at 6．A．common B．popular C．ordinary D．regular Passage 5 Have you ever tasted a kind of snack, which is also of the traditional Chinese of forms of art—sugar painting. Sugar painting started from the Ming Dynasty and became popular in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, many people made a living through sugar painting, setting up stalls(货摊)in crowded streets, in front of theatres and busy public places. And now it can still be found in many areas of China. The sugar painters usually sit before a wooden table. On the side, there is a wooden plate with a revolvable arrow(可旋转箭头)on it. The plate is painted with different pictures such as a dragon, a bird, a flower and so on. After paying, the customers turn the arrow and wait till it stops. The picture pointed by the arrow is the one the painters will make. Sugar painting is very different from normal painting. The sugar painters use syrup(糖浆)as the material, a spoon as the “paintbrush”, and a smooth slab(台面)as the “paper”. To make the syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since the syrup may become solid(固体的)if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly. They move the spoon full of the syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting of an animal, a flower or a bike is done. The number of sugar painters is getting smaller. However, some of them still insist on this art. They make their efforts to hold different activities such as offering classes and giving speeches. Now, sugar painting has already been listed as National Non-Material Culture Heritage. 根据上面短文的内容回答问题（每个答案不超过6个单词） 1．Did sugar painting become popular in the Ming Dynasty? 2．Where do the sugar painters usually sit? 3．When do the customers turn the arrow? 4．How do sugar painters make the syrup before painting? 5．Why do some of the sugar painters hold different activities? 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Folk customs民俗 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 说明文 263 介绍了京剧这一中国传统戏剧形式 实战演练 Passage1 语法选择 记叙文 193 汕头女孩庄恩琪因英歌舞走红走访社区传播传统文化 Passage2 阅读匹配 说明文 311 描述七种文化现象 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 280 介绍了口技、相声、京剧、皮影戏四种经典中国传统舞台表演 Passage4 完形填空 新闻报道 310 汉服现在变得越来越受欢迎 Passage5 阅读回答问题 说明文 281 糖画的发展及制作 一、尊重习俗、入乡随俗 1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗 2. Every land has its own customs. 一方水土，一方风俗 二、传统节日、团圆和睦 1. East or west, home is best. 译文：金窝银窝，不如自家草窝 2. A happy family brings good luck. 译文：家和万事兴 三、传统美德、礼仪民俗 1. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪 2. Honesty is the best policy. 四、文化传承、坚守传统 1. Old traditions never die. 古老传统永不消逝 2. The old ways are the best ways. 古法最珍贵，传统自有价值 五、民间处世、民间俗语类 1. Every coin has two sides. 译文：事物皆有两面性 2. Practice makes perfect. 译文：熟能生巧 Peking Opera Peking Opera is one of the most famous forms of traditional Chinese theater. It has a history of over 200 years and is known for its special music, colorful costumes, and dramatic performances. Peking Opera combines singing, acting, speaking, and martial arts. Each performance tells a story, usually based on Chinese history or folklore (民间传说). The actors use body movements, facial expressions, and voice to show the emotions of the characters. In addition to speaking lines, actors sing in a high voice that may sound strange to people who are not familiar with it. But every part of the performance has meaning and follows a strict tradition. There are four main roles in Peking Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou. Sheng is the main male role, often a scholar or a soldier. Dan is a female role, sometimes played by men. Jing has a painted face and plays strong or important characters. Chou is the clown who brings humor to the show. Each role has its own style of costume and makeup. Costumes in Peking Opera are very bright and beautiful. They show the time period, character’s age, and status. The makeup also tells the audience about the character. For example, a red face means loyalty, while a white face often means the person is dishonest. Today, fewer young people watch or learn Peking Opera, but many schools and cultural groups are trying to keep this art alive. Watching Peking Opera can help people understand Chinese culture better. It is not just a show—it is a cultural treasure. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To teach how to perform in Peking Opera. B．To describe the costumes used in Chinese opera. C．To introduce Peking Opera and its cultural value. D．To explain Chinese history in detail. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a Peking Opera performance? A．Singing. B．Drawing. C．Acting. D．Martial arts. 3．What can we learn about the character with a red face? A．He is funny and brings humor. B．He is loyal and honest. C．He is old and poor. D．He is weak and quiet. 4．What does the word “tradition” most likely mean in the underlined sentence? A．A new rule. B．A popular game. C．A long-held custom. D．A simple idea. 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Peking Opera actors only use modern music. B．Young people are very interested in Peking Opera. C．Every role in Peking Opera wears the same costume. D．Some schools are helping to protect Peking Opera. 6．Where would you most likely find this article? A．A science textbook. B．A travel guide about Europe. C．A cultural section in an English-learning book. D．A math workbook. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了京剧这一中国传统戏剧形式，包括其历史、表演特点、角色分类、服饰与妆容以及文化价值，同时提到了京剧在现代社会中的传承现状与努力。 【详解】1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Peking Opera is one of the most famous forms of traditional Chinese theater...”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了京剧及其文化价值，包括其历史、表演特点、角色分类、服饰与妆容等，旨在让读者了解京剧这一中国传统艺术形式。因此，C选项“介绍京剧及其文化价值”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Peking Opera combines singing, acting, speaking, and martial arts.”可知，京剧融合了唱、念、做、打四种表演形式，并未提及绘画。因此，B选项“绘画”不是京剧表演的一部分。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“For example, a red face means loyalty, while a white face often means the person is dishonest.”可知，京剧中的红脸代表忠诚。因此，我们可以了解到红脸的角色是忠诚且诚实的。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。分析划线词所在句“But every part of the performance has meaning and follows a strict tradition.”可知，表演的每一部分都有意义，并且遵循严格的“传统”。tradition意为“传统”，即长期沿袭下来的习俗或惯例。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today, fewer young people watch or learn Peking Opera, but many schools and cultural groups are trying to keep this art alive.”可知，虽然现在很少有年轻人观看或学习京剧，但许多学校和文化团体正在努力让这一艺术形式得以传承。因此，可以推断出一些学校正在帮助保护京剧。故选D。 6．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了京剧这一中国传统艺术形式，包括其历史、表演特点、角色分类、服饰与妆容以及文化价值等。这样的内容最有可能出现在英语学习书籍的文化部分，以帮助读者了解中国文化。因此，C选项“英语学习书籍的文化部分”是最可能找到这篇文章的地方。故选C。 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第2句）Each performance tells a story, usually based on Chinese history or folklore. 译文：每一场演出都会讲述一个故事，故事大多取材于中国历史或民间传说。 分析：主干Each performance tells a story；过去分词短语based on作后置定语，修饰story。 原句：（第2段第4句）In addition to speaking lines, actors sing in a high voice that may sound strange to people who are not familiar with it. 译文：除念白之外，演员还要用高亢的唱腔演唱，不熟悉京剧的人听来会觉得这种音调很奇特。 分析：in addition to 介词短语作状语；that 定语从句修饰voice；who 定语从句修饰people；be familiar with 固定搭配，熟悉。 原句：（第5段第1句）Today, fewer young people watch or learn Peking Opera, but many schools and cultural groups are trying to keep this art alive. 译文：如今，观看和学习京剧的年轻人越来越少，但许多学校和文化团体都在努力让这门艺术传承下去。 分析：but连接并列转折句；keep sth. alive 固定短语，使……存续、传承。 重难词汇梳理 · theater /ˈθiːətə(r)/n. 戏剧；剧场 · costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/n. 戏服，服装 · dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/adj. 戏剧的；富有感染力的 · martial /ˈmɑːʃl/adj. 武术的 · folklore /ˈfəʊklɔː(r)/n. 民间传说，民俗 · emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/n. 情绪，情感 · status /ˈsteɪtəs/n. 身份，地位 · loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/n. 忠诚，忠义 · dishonest /dɪsˈɒnɪst/adj. 不忠诚的，奸诈的 · clown /klaʊn/n. 丑角，小丑 · martial arts 短语 武术 · performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表演，演出 · treasure /ˈtreʒə(r)/n. 瑰宝，珍宝 · tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/n. 传统，传统技艺 译文 京剧是中国最著名的传统戏曲形式之一，拥有两百多年历史，以独特的唱腔音乐、绚丽多彩的戏服和富有张力的表演闻名于世。 京剧融合了唱、演、念、打四种表演形式。每一出戏都会讲述一个故事，剧情大多取材于中国历史或是民间传说。演员依靠肢体动作、面部神态和唱腔来展现人物的内心情绪。除了念白，演员还会用高亢的曲调演唱，不了解京剧的人听着会觉得十分怪异。但整场表演的每一处细节都有特殊含义，并且严格遵循传统程式。 京剧主要分为四大行当：生、旦、净、丑。生是男性主要角色，多为文人或是武将；旦是女性角色，部分旦角由男演员扮演；净角画有脸谱，饰演性格鲜明、身份重要的人物；丑角是剧中的小丑，为剧目增添诙谐趣味。每个行当都有专属的戏服与妆容风格。 京剧戏服色彩艳丽、华美精致，能够体现故事所处时代、人物年龄与身份地位。脸谱妆容也会向观众传递人物性格：例如红脸代表忠义，而白脸通常代表奸诈小人。 如今，观看、学习京剧的年轻人越来越少，但许多学校与文化团体都在尽力传承这门艺术。欣赏京剧能够帮助人们更好地了解中国文化。它不只是一场演出，更是珍贵的文化瑰宝。 1. Peking Opera is a priceless cultural treasure of China with a long history. 京剧是中国拥有悠久历史的无价文化瑰宝。 2. Different facial colors in Peking Opera stand for different personalities. 京剧不同的脸谱颜色代表不同的人物性格。 3. The four main roles of Peking Opera show the rich characters of traditional operas. 京剧四大行当展现出传统戏曲丰富的人物形象。 4. Singing, acting, speaking and martial arts together make up Peking Opera. 唱、念、做、打共同构成了京剧表演艺术。 5. It is our duty to protect and pass down traditional Chinese arts like Peking Opera. 保护并传承京剧这类中国传统艺术是我们的责任。 6. Beautiful costumes and special music are two great features of Peking Opera. 华美的戏服与独特的唱腔是京剧两大特色。 7. Many schools offer courses to help teenagers learn about traditional operas. 许多学校开设课程，帮助青少年了解传统戏曲。 8. A large number of old stories from history and folk tales are shown in Peking Opera. 大量历史与民间故事都通过京剧演绎出来。 9. Although fewer young people love Peking Opera now, we can find new ways to popularize it. 尽管如今喜爱京剧的年轻人不多，我们可以寻找新方式推广它。 10. Watching traditional operas helps us learn more about our ancient culture. 观看传统戏曲能让我们更深入了解古老的中华文化。 Passage 1 In 2024, a video of a 5-year-old girl dancing with the Yingge Dance team became popular online suddenly. The little girl Zhuang Enqi is from Guiyu Town, Shantou City. She was born 1 February 14th, 2019 and she is famous for Yingge Dance, a traditional folk dance in Chaoshan area. A lot of fans across the country 2 by the lovely and lively girl . Since then, Enqi 3 part in many important cultural activities. She has also visited some schools and communities 4 she can spread the beauty of Yingge Dance to more people. Enqi’s first experience with Yingge Dance started from 5 family. Her father, Zhuang Rongqiang, is a musical instrument player in the local Yuhexing Yingge Team. Her grandfather was also a 6 of a Yingge Team. She became 7 in Yingge Dance by watching her father practice every day. They teach Enqi 8 Yingge in her free time. Enqi is hard-working and she practices dancing every day to make her performance 9 . Many people are wondering 10 Yingge Dance will develop in the future. Now, Zhuang Enqi is one of the youngest performers who pass down Chaoshan culture. 1．A．on B．in C．at 2．A．are attracting B．were attracted C．was attracted 3．A．takes B．took C．has taken 4．A．even though B．so that C．as soon as 5．A．her B．hers C．herself 6．A．member B．member’s C．members 7．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 8．A．dance B．to dance C．dancing 9．A．good B．better C．best 10．A．what B．why C．how 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了汕头女孩庄恩琪因英歌舞走红，受家庭影响刻苦练习，走访社区传播传统文化，引发人们对英歌舞未来发展的关注。 【详解】1．句意：她出生于2019年2月14日。 具体到某一天（February 14th）需用介词on，in用于月份或年份，at用于具体时刻。 2．句意：许多粉丝被这个可爱活泼的女孩所吸引。 主语A lot of fans是复数，且动作发生在过去（根据上下文语境），故使用一般过去时的被动语态were attracted“被吸引”，are attracting是现在进行时主动语态，was attracted用于单数主语，均不符合语境。 3．句意：从那时起，恩琪参加了许多重要的文化活动。 Since then是现在完成时的标志词，主语Enqi是第三人称单数，故填has taken“已经参加”，takes是一般现在时，took是一般过去时，均不符合时态要求。 4．句意：她还参观了一些学校和社区，以便她能向更多人传播英歌舞的美。 后半句“she can spread...”是前半句行动的目的，so that“以便；为了”引导目的状语从句，符合逻辑。even though“即使”表让步，as soon as“一……就……”表时间，均不合逻辑。 5．句意：恩琪第一次接触英歌舞是从她的家庭开始的。 修饰名词family需要用形容词性物主代词her“她的”。hers是名词性物主代词，herself是反身代词，均不能作定语。 6．句意：她的祖父也是英歌队的一名成员。 不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，member“成员”符合语法。member’s是所有格，members是复数，均不符合语境。 7．句意：通过每天看父亲练习，她对英歌舞产生了兴趣。 become interested in是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”，修饰人Enqi用interested“感兴趣的”。interesting“有趣的”通常修饰物，interest是名词或动词，均不符合。 8．句意：他们在空闲时间教恩琪跳英歌舞。 teach sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“教某人做某事”，故填to dance“跳舞”。dance是原形，dancing是动名词，均不符合搭配。 9．句意：恩琪很努力，她每天练习跳舞以使她的表演更好。 根据语境，她每天练习是为了让表演比之前“更好”，隐含比较意味，故填better“更好的”。good是原级，best是最高级，此处无三者及以上比较范围。 10．句意：许多人想知道英歌舞在未来将如何发展。 根据句意是询问发展的方式或状态，how“如何”符合语境。what“什么”通常作主语或宾语，why“为什么”问原因，均不符合句意逻辑。 Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏是五位外国朋友对中国文化的体验与介绍，右栏是七种文化现象描述。请为每位外国朋友的中国文化体验与介绍选择最合适的描述。选项中有两项为多余项。 1 Chinese History Podcast An American has created an English podcast about Chinese history. It tells ancient stories and helps Western listeners learn more about China’s long past. 2 Ancient Chinese Dishes A teacher has remade more than 60 ancient dishes from a great Chinese novel. She wishes to bring the traditional food culture back to our daily life. 3 Ancient Buildings in Beijing They are well-known ancient buildings, including royal gardens and towers. They show the excellent skills and great art of ancient Chinese builders. 4 Cantonese Opera It is a traditional opera from Guangdong. It is famous for its sweet songs, colorful costumes and old stories, and it enjoys popularity around the world. 5 Kaiping Diaolou They are special ancient buildings in Guangdong. People built them to keep safe in the old days, and now they are world-famous cultural treasures of China. A．It is enjoyable and educational. People can travel back to history and enjoy paintings and buildings from thousands of years ago. B．This special art form stands for Guangdong culture. It is well-known for its pleasant music and bright shows, and it’s popular both locally and across the world. C． It is a wonderful way to learn about ancient life and eating habits. More people can enjoy the beauty of traditional food culture through it. D．It uses simple English to introduce rich Chinese history. It builds a great bridge between China and Western countries. E. Visitors can learn about the life of the old royal family and enjoy ancient buildings with beautiful spring flowers around them. F. It teaches people how to cook modern food quickly with easy steps and helps improve cooking skills in daily life. G. They are special cultural symbols of Guangdong. They show the local history and tell how people lived and protected themselves in the past. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文左栏是五位外国朋友对中国文化的体验与介绍，右栏是七种文化现象的描述，需要为每位外国朋友的介绍匹配最合适的描述。 【详解】1．根据“An American has created an English podcast about Chinese history…helps Western listeners learn more about China’s long past.”可知，该播客用英文向西方听众介绍中国历史。D项“它用简易英语介绍丰富的中国历史，在中西方之间搭建沟通桥梁”和主题完全契合。 2．根据“remade more than 60 ancient dishes…bring the traditional food culture back to our daily life.”可知，本段围绕古代中式美食、传统饮食文化展开。C项“这是了解古人生活与饮食习惯的绝佳方式，更多人能感受传统饮食文化之美”贴合美食主题。 3．根据“They are well-known ancient buildings, including royal gardens and towers.”可知，本段介绍北京古建筑、皇家园林塔楼。E项“游客可以了解皇室生活，欣赏配有繁花绿植的古建筑” 对应皇家古建筑内容。 4．根据“It is a traditional opera from Guangdong. famous for sweet songs, colorful costumes”可知，本段介绍粤剧这一广东传统戏曲。B项“这一特色艺术代表广东文化，以优美唱腔、精彩表演闻名海内外”匹配粤剧介绍。 5．根据“They are special ancient buildings in Guangdong…built to keep safe”可知，本段介绍广东开平碉楼及其防御建造初衷。G项“它们是广东特色文化符号，展现地方历史，讲述古人生活与自卫方式”对应碉楼背景。 Passage 3 Chinese stage performances have been popular for thousands of years. They attract not only many Chinese but also many foreigners. Some are listed here. Ventriloquism (口技) Crosstalk The ancient ventriloquism was a kind of sound art. In order to catch animals, ancient people had to cheat (欺骗) animals by imitating their sounds with their mouths. But as a performing art, it was popular no later than the Song Dynasty. Crosstalk, known as “xiangsheng”, appeared in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. Modern crosstalk includes four skills: speaking, imitating, amusing and singing. Performers do all these things to make people laugh. The performers also tell funny stories about everyday life or historical events. Beijing Opera Shadow Play Beijing Opera is the soul of Chinese national culture. It came into being in the 1790s. It is full of historical stories, beautiful clothes and wonderful performances. There are four kinds of roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Beijing Opera presents plays and characters mainly by four artistic methods. They are singing, speaking, acting and acrobatic (杂技的) fighting. Starting from the Han Dynasty, shadow play became popular among ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty. It was a mixture of dance, drama, music, art and so on. When it became dark, the performers set up the light and paper screen. Then they held the human characters behind the paper screen and the audience saw the stories from the other side. The characters were made of animal skin. As the shadow players moved their fingers, the characters’ looks, dresses and movement could be clearly seen. At the same time, the performers told traditional stories. 1．The underlined word “imitating” means ________. A．hearing B．recording C．using D．copying 2．________ came into being in the 1790s. A．Ventriloquism B．Crosstalk C．Beijing Opera D．Shadow Play 3．People can be made to laugh when they are ________. A．telling funny stories B．speaking on a stage C．listening to crosstalk D．telling historical events 4．Which of the following are artistic methods in Beijing Opera? A．Speaking, imitating, amusing and singing. B．Singing, speaking, acting and acrobatic fighting. C．Jumping, acting, imitating and talking. D．Dance, drama, music and art. 5．We can know that the characters in the shadow play are made of ________. A．animal skin B．paper screen C．lights D．dresses 6．The passage is mainly about ________. A．four Chinese stage performances B．Chinese traditional customs C．the influence of Chinese culture D．the fun time of ancient people 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 【导语】本文以“中国舞台表演历史悠久、广受中外欢迎”为开篇总起，依次介绍了口技、相声、京剧、皮影戏四种经典中国传统舞台表演，分别阐述了每种表演的起源时间、核心特点、表演形式或关键元素，展现了中国传统舞台艺术的丰富性与独特魅力。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据“In order to catch animals, ancient people had to cheat animals by imitating their sounds with their mouths.”可知，古人用嘴模仿动物的声音来欺骗它们，以捕捉动物，因此此处imitating表示模仿。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“It came into being in the 1790s.”可知，京剧始于18世纪90年代。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Performers do all these things to make people laugh.”可知，听相声能让人笑。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Beijing Opera presents plays and characters mainly by four artistic methods. They are singing, speaking, acting and acrobatic fighting.”可知，京剧主要通过 “唱、念、做、打” 四种艺术手法来呈现剧目与人物形象。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“The characters were made of animal skin.”可知，皮影人物的材质是兽皮。故选A。 6．文章主旨题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了口技、相声、京剧、皮影戏四种经典中国传统舞台表演。故选A。 Passage 4 It’s reported that a crowd of young people took part in a themed event in Beijing days ago. They wore a traditional style of clothing called hanfu (汉服). It was once worn by the Han people. Miss Liu, born in the 1980s, is the organizer of the event. She said, “My passion (激情) for hanfu came from two of my friends who are fans of traditional Chinese clothing.” Her 1 grew as she learned more about the culture behind it and then she bought her first hanfu costume (服装). She founded a hanfu community with someone else in 2011. Since then, she has been volunteering to 2 the group.    At first, people who wore hanfu 3 were laughed at, while more passersby (过路人) asked about their clothing style. 4 , more and more young people began to wear hanfu as they believe the best way to keep the tradition fresh is to adapt (适应) it to modern life. Yang Kunning was born in the 1990s and works in relations. She 5 sharing her love for hanfu online. She opened an account on the video-sharing platform Bilibili and posted videos featuring herself wearing the traditional clothing. Thousands of comments and likes pour in to her channel as viewers find her videos attractive and creative. “Social media had made hanfu culture 6 in China and abroad. Traditional culture has no national or ethnic boundaries (族群边界).” Yang said. Yang has a collection of around 30 hanfu outfits, suitable for different seasons and occasions. Yang says, “I’m looking forward to taking part in more hanfu-themed events this year in Beijing. It will be a rewarding experience to take part in events in the Forbidden City and other historical places in the capital city.” 1．A．example B．favour C．interest D．salary 2．A．provide B．support C．observe D．transport 3．A．in public B．in hospital C．in class D．at home 4．A．Quickly B．Recently C．Suddenly D．Slowly 5．A．is fond of B．is afraid of C．is supposed to D．is poor at 6．A．common B．popular C．ordinary D．regular 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了汉服现在变得越来越受欢迎，人们认为保持传统新鲜的最好方法是使其适应现代生活。 【详解】1．句意：随着她对背后文化的了解越来越多，她的兴趣也越来越大，然后她买了第一套汉服。 example例子；favour支持；interest兴趣；salary工资。根据“My passion (激情) for hanfu came from”可知她对汉服很感兴趣，所以她去买了一套汉服。故选C。 2．句意：从那以后，她一直自愿支持这个团体。 provide提供；support支持；observe观察；transport运输。根据“the group”可知在自愿支持这个组织。故选B。 3．句意：起初，在公共场合穿汉服的人被嘲笑。 in public公开地；in hospital住院；in class在上课；at home在家。根据“while more passersby”可知是在公共场合。故选A。 4．句意：慢慢地，越来越多的年轻人开始穿汉服，因为他们认为保持传统新鲜的最好方法是让它适应现代生活。 Quickly快速地；Recently最近；Suddenly突然；Slowly慢地。根据“more and more young people began to wear hanfu”可知刚开始穿汉服会被嘲笑，但是慢慢地越来越多的人穿汉服。故选D。 5．句意：她喜欢在网上分享她对汉服的热爱。 is fond of喜爱；is afraid of害怕；is supposed to应该；is poor at不擅长于。根据“sharing her love for hanfu online”可知是喜欢分享。故选A。 6．句意：社交媒体使汉服文化在中国和国外流行起来。 common常见的；popular受欢迎的；ordinary普通的；regular定期的。根据“Social media had made hanfu culture”可知社交媒体使汉服文化流行起来。故选B。 Passage 5 Have you ever tasted a kind of snack, which is also of the traditional Chinese of forms of art—sugar painting. Sugar painting started from the Ming Dynasty and became popular in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, many people made a living through sugar painting, setting up stalls(货摊)in crowded streets, in front of theatres and busy public places. And now it can still be found in many areas of China. The sugar painters usually sit before a wooden table. On the side, there is a wooden plate with a revolvable arrow(可旋转箭头)on it. The plate is painted with different pictures such as a dragon, a bird, a flower and so on. After paying, the customers turn the arrow and wait till it stops. The picture pointed by the arrow is the one the painters will make. Sugar painting is very different from normal painting. The sugar painters use syrup(糖浆)as the material, a spoon as the “paintbrush”, and a smooth slab(台面)as the “paper”. To make the syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since the syrup may become solid(固体的)if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly. They move the spoon full of the syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting of an animal, a flower or a bike is done. The number of sugar painters is getting smaller. However, some of them still insist on this art. They make their efforts to hold different activities such as offering classes and giving speeches. Now, sugar painting has already been listed as National Non-Material Culture Heritage. 根据上面短文的内容回答问题（每个答案不超过6个单词） 1．Did sugar painting become popular in the Ming Dynasty? 2．Where do the sugar painters usually sit? 3．When do the customers turn the arrow? 4．How do sugar painters make the syrup before painting? 5．Why do some of the sugar painters hold different activities? 【答案】1．No, it didn’t. 2．Before a wooden table. 3．After paying. 4．By making sugar hot. 5．To insist on this art. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了糖画的发展及制作。 【详解】1．根据“Sugar painting started from the Ming Dynasty and became popular in the Qing Dynasty.”可知，糖画在清朝变得流行，不是在明朝。故填No, it didn’t. 2．根据“The sugar painters usually sit before a wooden table.”可知，糖画师傅通常坐在一张木桌前。故填Before a wooden table. 3．根据“After paying, the customers turn the arrow and wait till it stops.”可知，付款后，顾客转动箭头。故填After paying. 4．根据“To make the syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting.”可知，糖画师傅通过让糖变热来制作糖浆。故填By making sugar hot. 5．根据“However, some of them still insist on this art. They make their efforts to hold different activities”可知，一些糖画师傅举办不同的关于糖画的活动，是为了坚持这项艺术。故填To insist on this art. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $