Unit 2 People and their jobs 由who、which、that引导的定语从句（核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“概念-规则-口诀”构建定语从句系统训练，通过分层题型强化关系代词who/which/that的辨析与应用，提升语法理解与解题能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|1表+1口诀|人who物which，人物通用that；主不可省宾可省；不定代词/最高级等用that，介词提前用which|从定语从句概念→关系代词功能→特殊规则→口诀总结，形成完整认知链| |考点夯基|50题（单选20+完成10+转换10+连句10）|先行词判定法（人/物/人+物）；成分分析法（主/宾语）|针对中考高频考点，从基础选择到句式转换，层层递进| |综合提升|2篇语法选择（20题）|语境分析法（结合语篇选关系代词）|通过语篇综合考查规则应用，衔接中考语法填空题型|

Unit 2 People and their jobs核心语法精练 （由who、which、that引导的定语从句） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、单项选择 2 二、完成句子 7 三、句型转换 9 四、连词成句 11 4 一、语法选择 14 由who、which、that引导的定语从句 概念 定语从句：修饰名词 / 代词 / 句子（先行词），放在先行词后面。 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词 / 句子 关系代词：that /who/which，作用：①指代先行词 ②连接句子 ③在从句充当成分（主语 / 宾语） 基本结构：先行词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句 关系代词who 先行词是人 从句中作主语或宾语（介词前置只用whom） The girl who stands there is my sister.（主语） 关系代词which 先行词是物 从句中作主语或宾语 The book which you bought is interesting.（宾语） 关系代词that 先行词人 + 物通用 可代替 who、which（有使用限制，见下文） 注意 作宾语时，可以省略；作主语，绝对不能省略！ 例： This is the pen (that/which) I want.（宾语→可省） This is the pen that lies on the desk.（主语→不可省） 只能用 that，不能用 which 的情况 先行词满足下面任一条件，优先用 that： 先行词同时包含人 + 物 They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited. 先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most moving story that I’ve heard. 先行词被序数词修饰 This is the first gift that I received. 先行词被不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something, any, little 等修饰 Tell me everything that you know. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰 He is the only person that understands me. 只能用 which，不能用 that 的情况 介词提前时，介词后面只用 which（指物）/whom（指人），不能用 that This is the house in which we lived. ⚠️错误：in that 指代主句所描述的整件事或整个事实，在从句中作主语或宾语，不能用 that 替代，只能用 which He failed the exam, which surprised everyone. 口诀 人用 who，物用 which，人物通用可用 that； 主不可省宾可省，牢记规则别混淆； 不定代词最高级，序数唯一多用 that； 介词提前记清楚，其后不用 that。 一、单项选择。 1．He has a friend ________ plays the piano very well. A．whom B．what C．which D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他有一个钢琴弹得非常好的朋友。 whom关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中只能作宾语；what不用于引导定语从句；which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。根据空后的定语从句“plays the piano very well”以及先行词“a friend”可知，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，且指代人。在四个选项中，只有who可以用作关系代词指代人且在从句中担当主语，应填who。 2．The first thing ________ we should do is to learn about the four treasures of the study. A．which B．that C．who D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该做的第一件事是了解文房四宝。 which指物；that指人或指物；who指人；whose表所属关系。先行词“the first thing”是事物，且被序数词“first”修饰，关系代词用that，不用which。应填that。 3．—What kind of books do you like? —I like the books ________ introduce traditional Chinese art. A．who B．whose C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的书？——我喜欢介绍中国传统艺术的书。 who指人；whose表所属关系；that指人或指物；what不能引导定语从句。先行词“the books”指物，且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导。应填that。 4．I love the characters ________ are written by the great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing. A．who B．what C．which D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我喜欢伟大的书法家颜真卿写的字。 who指代人；what不能引导定语从句；which指代事物；whose表所属关系“谁的”。先行词the characters（文字、字体）是事物，定语从句缺少主语，因此用which。 5．—Have you heard of the painting Starry Night? —Sure. It’s the famous work ________ was painted by Vincent van Gogh. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你听说过《星月夜》这幅画吗？——当然。它是梵高创作的著名作品。 who谁（指人，作主语/宾语）；which哪一个（指物，作主语/宾语）；what什么（不能引导定语从句）；whom谁（指人，作宾语）。根据题干先行词“work”指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which，应填which。 6．There are many works of art in the museum ________ were created by great masters. A．who B．that C．what D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：博物馆里有许多由大师创作的艺术作品。 who指人；that指人/指物；what不能引导定语从句；when指时间。先行词“works of art”指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词that或which引导。that符合。 7．—What are you looking for? —The book about Chinese paintings ________ my deskmate lent me last week. A．who B．what C．it D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你在找什么？——我同桌上周借给我的那本关于中国画的书。 who谁（先行词指人），what什么（不能引导定语从句），it它（无法引导从句）。先行词为“The book”指代物，关系代词在定语从句中作lent的宾语，关系代词that/which可以省略，应填/。 8．This is the best calligraphy work ________ has been shown in the museum this year. A．which B．who C．that D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是今年在博物馆展出的最好的书法作品。 which哪一个；who谁；that那个。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“calligraphy work”，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被最高级“the best”修饰，此时关系代词只能用that。 9．The man ________ gave us a talk on traditional painting is a famous artist. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：给我们做传统绘画讲座的男士是一位著名艺术家。 who谁（先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语），which哪一个（先行词指物），what什么（不能引导定语从句），whose谁的（在从句中作定语）。先行词为“The man”指代人，从句缺少主语，应填who。 10．The girl ________ plays the violin very well is my deskmate. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那个小提琴拉得很好的女孩是我的同桌。 who指人；which指物；whom指人，作宾语；whose表所属。先行词“The girl”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who引导的定语从句。 11．Music ________ touches our hearts can bring us warmth. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：触动我们心灵的音乐能带给我们温暖。 who谁（指人）；which哪一个（指物）；whom谁（指人）；what什么。此句为定语从句，先行词是Music，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用which或that引导。应填which。 12．This is the song ________ I listened to last night. A．what B．who C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这就是我昨晚听的那首歌。 what什么（不能引导定语从句）；who谁（先行词为人）；which哪一个（先行词为物）；where哪里（先行词为地点）。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词the song指物，且从句中listened to后缺少宾语，需使用指代物的关系代词which。 13．I prefer musicians ________ are creative and talented. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我更喜欢那些有创造力和才华的音乐家。 which哪一个，指物；who谁，指人，作主语或宾语；whom谁，指人，作宾语；whose谁的，指所属关系。先行词“musicians”指人，且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who。 14．I love traditional music ________ tells beautiful stories. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢讲述美丽故事的传统音乐。 who谁；which哪一个；whom谁，宾格；what什么。根据“I love traditional music…tells beautiful stories”可知，此处需要一个关系代词，在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词“traditional music”，指物，在从句中作主语，因此关系代词应用which。 15．People ________ love classical music often go to concerts. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：喜爱古典音乐的人们经常去听音乐会。 which指物；who指人，作主语；whose谁的，表所属；whom指人，作宾语。先行词是“People”，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用who。 16．The story ________ we learned in class yesterday is about a brave fireman. A．who B．what C．that D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天我们在课上学的那个故事是关于一位勇敢的消防员的。 who谁；what什么；that那个；whose谁的。先行词“The story”指物，且在定语从句中作learned的宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 17．The woman ________ won the Nobel Prize in Medicine is Tu Youyou. A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那位获得了诺贝尔医学奖的女士是屠呦呦。 whom谁，宾格；which 哪一个，指物；who谁，主格；whose谁的，所有格。先行词是The woman，指人，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用who。 18．— Have you ever seen the film The Shawshank Redemption? — Yes, and I think it is the best film ________teaches me a lot. A．that B．which C．what D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你看过《肖申克的救赎》这部电影吗？—— 看过，我认为它是教会我很多道理的最好的电影。 that关系代词；which关系代词；what不能引导定语从句；/不填。结合语句“I think it is the best film … teaches me a lot”可知，先行词film前面有最高级the best修饰，这种情况下定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which，that在从句中作主语，不可省略，that符合语法规则。 19．We’ll never forget the people and places ________we visited in China. A．what B．which C．that D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们永远不会忘记我们在中国参观过的那些人和地方。 what什么；which哪个；that那个；where哪里。先行词是the people and places，既有人又有物，关系代词只能用that；visited 是及物动词，从句缺宾语，不能用where。应填that。 20．I hate the dogs ________ live in the next house. They make loud noises all night. A．who B．that C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我讨厌住在隔壁的那些狗。它们整晚发出噪音。 who谁（指人）；that那个（指人或物）；what什么；whom谁（指人，宾格）。根据“I hate the dogs…live in the next house.”可知，先行词是dogs，指动物，且在从句中作主语，that既可指人也可指物或动物。应填that。 二、完成句子。 21．我们在博物馆里看到的那些作品有着悠久的历史。 The works ________ we ________ in the museum have a long history. 【答案】which/that saw 【详解】本句包含定语从句，先行词为works，关系代词可用that或which，在从句中作see的宾语。“看到”为过去动作，用一般过去时。故填which或that；saw。 22．王羲之是一位在中国古代非常有名的书法家。 Wang Xizhi was a calligrapher ________ ________ very famous in ancient China. 【答案】who/that was 【详解】原句中“是”为关键词；修饰名词calligrapher用定语从句，先行词calligrapher指人，关系词who、that均可指人；句中in ancient China为时间标志，主句使用一般过去时，因此从句也要使用一般过去时，从句主语指代calligrapher为单数，be动词使用was。故填who/that；was。 23．我最喜欢的那幅画是徐悲鸿的《春山十骏图》。 The painting ________ I like ________ is Xu Beihong’s Ten Horses in Spring Mountains. 【答案】which/that best 【详解】先行词the painting指事物，可用which或that引导从句，在从句中作like的宾语；“最喜欢”用like best表达，故填which/that；best。 24．我更喜欢自己写歌的音乐家。 I prefer musicians ________ ________ their own songs. 【答案】who write 【详解】原句中“自己写歌的（音乐家）”是关键词，先行词musicians指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句；先行词为复数，句子是一般现在时，从句谓语动词表达“写”用原形write。 25．她是我最钦佩的科学家。 She is the scientist ________ I ________ most. 【答案】who/that/whom admire 【详解】原句中“我最钦佩的”是关键词，先行词是指代人的the scientist，在从句中作动词的宾语，所以可以用关系代词who/whom/that来引导定语从句；表示“钦佩”的动词为admire，主句是一般现在时，主语为I，动词用原形即可。 26．我喜欢有创造力的音乐家。 I like musicians ________ are ________. 【答案】who creative 【详解】先行词musicians（音乐家）是人，定语从句缺少主语，要用关系代词who引导；第二空在be动词are后，需要形容词作表语，“有创造力的”单词为creative。故填who；creative。 27．每一个访问北京的人都希望看到国旗升起来。 ________ ________ visits Beijing ________ to watch the raising of the national flag. 【答案】Everyone who hopes 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，不定代词“Everyone”意为“每个人”，“每一个访问北京的人”翻译成英文时，需要用“who”引导定语从句修饰“Everyone”，故第一空填Everyone，第二空填who。第三空填“希望”，其英文表达是“hope”，句子的主句主语是“Everyone”，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故第三空填hopes。 28．在上次志愿者活动中，我们帮助了社区里的老人，这让我感到无比自豪。   During the last volunteer activity, we helped the elderly in the community, ________. 【答案】which made me extremely proud 【详解】原句中“这让我感到无比自豪”是关键句，表示“这让我感到无比自豪”的英文是which made me extremely proud，which引导非限定性定语从句，make sb.+adj“使某人……”，主句谓语动词 helped是一般过去时，从句谓语动词也应用一般过去时made，proud意为“自豪的”，extremely用来修饰proud表示“无比/非常”。 29．每个生活在地球上的人，都应该保护我们的家园。 Everyone ________ ________ on earth should protect our home. 【答案】who lives 【详解】原句中“生活在地球上的人”中“生活在”是关键词，表示“居住”的动词是live。先行词Everyone后接定语从句，关系代词用who，从句中主语who是第三人称单数，谓语动词用lives。 30．我十分钦佩那些能勇敢地表达自己想法的同学们。 I greatly admire those classmates ________ ________ express their ideas bravely. 【答案】who/that can 【详解】原句中“能……的同学们”是关键词，主句为“I greatly admire those classmates”，第一空需填入引导定语从句的成分，用来修饰先行词classmates，先行词classmates指人，在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词可用who或that，根据中文提示“能”，表示能力，对应英文情态动词can。 三、句型转换。 31．She was the first girl to win the prize.（改为同义句） ________ ________ the first girl ________ won the prize. 【答案】She was that 【详解】句意：她是第一个赢得奖项的女孩。改为同义句，需要改写为含有定语从句的复合句，先行词为the first girl，有序数词修饰，关系代词只能用that，主语使用She，句首单词首字母大写，系动词使用was。 32．The little boy with a pair of glasses is my neighbour. (改为同义句) The little boy ________ ________ a pair of glasses is my neighbour. 【答案】who has 【详解】句意：那个戴眼镜的小男孩是我的邻居。同义转换，with短语变定语从句，先行词“boy”指人，在从句中作主语，引导词可用who；结合原句，句子用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式hass。 33．I don’t know the young woman. The young woman is standing near the piano.（改为同义句）   I don’t know the young woman ________ ________ standing near the piano. 【答案】who is 【详解】句意：我不认识这位年轻女子。这位年轻女子正站在钢琴旁。原句要求将两个简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句。先行词the young woman是人，关系代词使用who；定语从句中主语who指代the young woman，为单数，结合原句时态，be动词用is。故填who；is。 34．I don’t know the young man. The young man is sitting in the garden. (同义句转换) I don’t know the young man ________ ________ sitting in the garden. 【答案】who is/that is 【详解】句意：我不认识正坐在花园里的那个年轻人。第一句的宾语“the young man”与第二句的主语指代同一对象。合并两句时，可将第二句转化为定语从句来修饰“the young man”。原句“The young man is sitting in the garden”为现在进行时。在转换后的句子中，空后的“sitting”保留了现在分词形式，因此空格处需填入关系代词及系动词。先行词“the young man”指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用“who/that”。为了与“sitting”构成完整的现在进行时结构，需保留系动词“is”。 35．Anna thanked the woman. She helped her. (两句合并为一句) Anna thanked the woman ________ ________ her. 【答案】who/that helped 【详解】句意：安娜感谢了那位女士。她帮助了她。原句“She helped her.”中的“She”指代“the woman”，合并成复合句时需用关系代词“who/that”连接两个句子，从而构成“Anna thanked the woman who helped her.”表达“安娜感谢了帮助她的那位女士”。故填who/that；helped。 36．To improve our English, we can talk to English-speaking people. To improve our English, we can talk to the people ________ ________ English. 【答案】who/that speak 【详解】句意：为了提高我们的英语，我们可以和说英语的人交谈。“English-speaking people”可以用定语从句来替换，先行词是people，且在从句中作主语，关系词用who/that；speak English“说英语”，主语是复数，时态为一般现在时，从句谓语动词用原形，故填who/that；speak。 37．My uncle gave me the bike and I like it. (改为同义句) I like the bike ________ my uncle ________ ________. 【答案】that/which gave me 【详解】句意：我叔叔把自行车给了我，我喜欢它。改为同义句可改为“我喜欢我叔叔给我的自行车”，定语从句，先行词是单数名词bike，指物，关系词用that/which，在定语从句中作宾语，根据gave可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词也用过去式gave“给”，me“我”作宾语。故填that/which；gave me。 38．My father prefers quiet beaches.（改为同义句） My father prefers beaches ________ ________ ________. 【答案】which/that are quiet 【详解】句意：我的爸爸更喜欢安静的海滩。根据题意，此处需跟一个定语从句修饰名词“beaches”，从句中关系代词作主语，则第一空应用“which”或“that”；先行词“beaches”为复数，则第二空应用be动词“are”；第三空则填“quiet”表“安静的”。故填which/that；are；quiet。 39．The movie has a happy ending and I like this kind of movie. (同义句转换) I like a movie ________ ________ a happy ending. 【答案】that/which has 【详解】句意：这部电影有一个快乐的结局，我喜欢这种电影。分析句子，可改为定语从句，先行词是movie“电影”，指物，关系代词用that/which，作主语。句子时态是一般现在时，先行词“a movie”是单数，that/which后接动词第三人称单数形式。故填that/which；has。 40．China is a great country with a long history of 5, 000 years. (改为同义句) China is a great country________ ________a long history of 5, 000 years. 【答案】that/which has 【详解】句意：中国是一个有着5000年悠久历史的伟大国家。题目要求改为同义句。分析句子可知，此处可改写为定语从句，先行词是“a great country”指物，在其后的从句中作主语，可用that/which引导；“有”可用have表示，又因为本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“a great country”表单数，所以此处应用动词三单形式。故填(1). that/which; (2). has。 四、连词成句。 41．I, which, am, a, book, is, Journey to the West, reading, called (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I am reading a book which is called Journey to the West. 【详解】这是一个 “主句 + 定语从句”的复合句：I am reading a book which is called Journey to the West.“我正在读一本名为《西游记》的书”，主句表达核心动作，定语从句补充说明 “书” 的信息；主句：I am reading a book“我正在读书”；定语从句：which is called Journey to the West“这被称为《西游记》”（修饰先行词a book，说明这本书的名字）。 42．ago, the, this, house, grandfather, that, built, is, years, my, thirty (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the house that my grandfather built thirty years ago. 【详解】根据所给标点和单词可知，本句是陈述句。连词成句时，首先确定主语“This”，置于句首；“is”为系动词，与“the house”构成主系表结构；“that my grandfather built thirty years ago”为定语从句，修饰“the house”，其中“that”为关系代词，在从句中作宾语；“my grandfather”为从句主语，“built”为从句谓语动词，表示过去发生的动作；“thirty years ago”为时间状语，置于句末。故填This is the house that my grandfather built thirty years ago.“这是我祖父三十年前建造的房子”。   43．we, something, that, eat, both, delicious, is (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Something that we both eat is delicious. 【详解】根据所给词及标点可知是陈述句；something是主语，that we both eat是定语从句修饰something，is是系动词，delicious是形容词作表语。故填Something that we both eat is delicious“我们俩都吃的某样东西是美味的”。 44．prefers,which,He,something,music,think about,him,to,gives.(.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He prefers music which gives him something to think about. 【详解】分析所给词汇可知，该句为陈述句而且是定语从句，主句是“he prefers music”意为“他更喜欢音乐”，从句是which引导的定语从句，从句的谓语是gives，宾语是him，从句的宾语补足语是“something to think about”意为“值得深思的事”。故填He prefers music which gives him something to think about.“他更喜欢那些可以引发他思考的音乐。” 45．we, something, that, enjoy, is, sweet, both (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We both enjoy something that is sweet. 【详解】根据所给标点和单词可知，本句是一个包含定语从句的复合句。时态是一般现在时。We“我们”，作主语；both“两者都”，代词，做主语同位语；enjoy“喜欢”，作谓语动词；something“某物”，作宾语；that is sweet“是甜的”，that引导定语从句修饰something。故填 We both enjoy something that is sweet“我们都喜欢甜的东西”。 46．can, music, I, that, like, sing, I, along with (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I like music that I can sing along with. 【详解】根据标点及所给词汇可知，句子是含有定语从句的复合句，主语是I，主句谓语是like，宾语是music，that是关系词引导定语从句，从句主语是I，谓语是can sing along with，故填I like music that I can sing along with“我喜欢我能跟着唱的音乐”。 47．movies, enjoys, him, make, Scott, laugh, which (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Scott enjoys movies which make him laugh. 【详解】根据所给标点符号可知，本句是陈述句。分析单词可知，这是一个定语从句。Scott是主句主语；enjoys作主句谓语，movies作主句宾语，同时也是先行词；which引导定语从句，作主语；make作谓语；him作宾语；laugh作宾语补足语。故填Scott enjoys movies which make him laugh“斯科特喜欢让他发笑的电影”。 48．movies, I, that, me, something, to, about, think, give, prefer (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I prefer movies that give me something to think about. 【详解】根据所给词和标点可知，此句为陈述句，且时态为一般现在时。分析所给单词可知，句子包含一个定语从句，I作主语；prefer“更喜欢”，作主句谓语动词；movies“电影”，作prefer的宾语；that引导定语从句，指代先行词movies；give“给”，作从句的谓语动词；me我，宾格代词，作give的间接宾语；something“某些东西”，作give的直接宾语；to think about“思考”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填I prefer movies that give me something to think about“我更喜欢那些能让我思考的电影”。 49．I, are, bought, yesterday, which, the books, here(.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Here are the books which I bought yesterday. 【详解】根据所给标点可知此句为陈述句，分析所给单词，Here are地点副词提前全部倒装表达“这里有……”，首字母大写，the books作主语，which引导定语从句修饰books，I bought yesterday作定语从句的主谓加地点状语，表达“我昨天买的书”。故答案为：Here are the books which I bought yesterday“这儿是我昨天买的书”。 50．deaf, who, work, people, and, in, noisy, live, conditions, go, often(.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf. 【详解】由所给标点可知此句为陈述句，由句中“who”可知此句为主从复合句；people“人们”，作主句主语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；work and live“工作和生活”，为从句谓语；in noisy conditions“在嘈杂环境中”，用于定语从句中作地点状语；often“经常”，在主句中作状语；go deaf“失聪”，作主语谓语。故填People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf“在嘈杂环境中工作和生活的人经常失聪”。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Music is a language that connects all people. Different music styles carry different feelings. I’m a big fan of Chinese folk music 51 has simple but warm lyrics. Last month, I watched an interview 52 a folk musician. He is a man 53 grew up in northern Shaanxi. He told us that folk music 54 the stories of common people. Many young people once looked down 55 folk music, but now more teenagers start to love it. I prefer folk music 56 I can dance to and sing along to. It always reminds me 57 my grandma, who often sang old folk songs to me when I was little. The pieces 58 are played on erhu or pipa are my top choices. The musician said great music is made by people 59 stick to creating with heart. Hats off to all artists 60 keep our traditional musical culture alive. 51．A．who B．which C．what D．whose 52．A．with B．to C．for D．at 53．A．which B．whose C．who D．when 54．A．record B．records C．recorded D．recording 55．A．at B．to C．on D．for 56．A．which B．who C．whose D．when 57．A．to B．of C．with D．about 58．A．who B．whose C．which D．where 59．A．which B．who C．whose D．when 60．A．which B．what C．whose D．who 【答案】51．B 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．C 56．A 57．B 58．C 59．B 60．D 【导语】本文讲述作者喜爱中国民间音乐，介绍民间音乐的特点、发展以及音乐人的坚守。 【详解】51．句意：我十分喜爱歌词质朴而温暖的中国民间音乐。 空处引导定语从句，先行词Chinese folk music是事物，关系代词用which；who先行词是人，what不能引导定语从句，whose表所属关系。 52．句意：上个月，我观看了对一位民间音乐家的采访。 搭配an interview with sb.对某人的采访，介词使用with。to、for、at均不符。 53．句意：他是一个在陕北长大的男人。 先行词a man指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who；which先行词为事物，whose作定语，when作状语，均不符语境。 54．句意：他告诉我们民间音乐记录普通人的故事。 主语folk music为单数名词，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数records。其余三项时态均不符。 55．句意：许多年轻人曾经看不起民间音乐，但是现在越来越多青少年开始喜爱它。 短语look down on“看不起”，介词用on。at、to、for均不符。 56．句意：我更喜欢可以跟着跳舞、跟唱的民间音乐。 先行词folk music是事物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，选用which；who先行词是人，whose表所属，when作状语。 57．句意：它总会让我想起奶奶，小时候她经常给我唱古老的民谣。 搭配remind sb of sth.“使某人想起某事”，介词用of。to、with、about均不符合语境。 58．句意：用二胡或者琵琶演奏的曲目是我的首选。 先行词The pieces指事物，关系代词作从句主语，使用which；who先行词是人，whose作定语，where作地点状语。 59．句意：这位音乐家说，优秀的音乐是用心坚持创作的人打造出来的。 先行词people是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who；which先行词为事物，whose作定语，when作状语。 60．句意：向所有让传统音乐文化延续下去的艺术家致敬。 先行词all artists指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，选用who；which先行词为事物，what不能引导定语从句，whose作定语。 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 A slow train in Southwest China has attracted much attention from netizens (网民) because of its own study room. The train No. 5609/5610, which runs 61 Chongqing and Xiushan county, is a slow train. In some carriages (车厢), some seats have been replaced with desks and chairs under the windows 62 it into a “study carriage” for passengers in need. The Chinese characters “Yu Yue” appear on 63 train, which translates to “traveling and reading happily”. Other inspirational slogans (标语) 64 throughout the study carriages. Besides No. 5609/5610, 65 slow trains have been upgraded with “study carriages”, including No. 5619/5620 and 5633/5634 which run along the Chengdu—Kunming Railway. Students 66 are from nearby schools often take the train between school and home. The trains are their “school buses”, and many passengers use their travel time to complete homework. On train No. Z150, which runs between Guiyang and Beijing, a book bar carriage has been welcomed by college   67 . There are nearly 400 universities and colleges in the cities along the line, 68 train No. Z150 becomes the first choice for most students of those schools. In recent years, the train’s dining car 69 open for free at night to offer returning students a lending library, free tea and other services. These small measures by the railway department are popular with passengers in need of a 70 place to continue their studies. How amazing! 61．A．with B．between C．among 62．A．made B．making C．to make 63．A．the B．a C．an 64．A．are seeing B．are seen C．were seen 65．A．other B．the other C．others 66．A．which B．where C．that 67．A．student B．students C．students’ 68．A．so B．but C．because 69．A．was B．is C．has been 70．A．relaxing B．relaxed C．relax 【答案】61．B 62．C 63．A 64．B 65．A 66．C 67．B 68．A 69．C 70．A 【导语】本文讲述西南一趟带自习室的慢火车受关注。车厢变身学习车厢，提供桌椅和标语，方便学生乘客利用旅途学习，体现了铁路部门的贴心服务。 【详解】61．句意：往返重庆与秀山县的5609/5610次列车是一列慢火车。 根据“Chongqing and Xiushan county”可知，此处指两者之间，固定搭配between…and…“在……和……两者之间”符合语境；with和，among用于三者及以上之间，均搭配不符。 62．句意：在一些车厢里，一些座位被替换成了窗下的桌椅，为了将其变成供有需要的乘客使用的“学习车厢”。 根据句意可知，替换座位的目的是为了变成学习车厢，应用动词不定式to make表示目的，现在分词making，made过去式/过去分词，均语法不符。 63．句意：列车上印有汉字“渝阅”，意为快乐出行和阅读。 根据上文提到的“The train No. 5609/5610”可知，此处特指上文提到的这列火车，用定冠词the；a/an表泛指，语法不符。 64．句意：其他鼓舞人心的标语在整个学习车厢里都能看到。 主语slogans和see之间是被动关系，全文为一般现在时，应用一般现在时的被动语态are seen；are seeing主动进行时，were seen过去时被动，时态语态均不符。 65．句意：除了5609/5610次列车外，其他慢车也升级为“学习车厢”。 根据“Besides No.5609/5610...slow trains”可知，此处修饰复数名词trains，表示“其他的”，应用other；the other特指两者中另一部分，others后不能再接名词，用法不符。 66．句意：来自附近学校的学生经常坐火车往返于学校和家之间。 此处是定语从句，先行词是“Students”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who或that，that符合；which指代事物，where作状语，均不适用。 67．句意：贵阳至北京的Z150次列车的图书车厢深受大学生喜爱。 根据“college...”可知，此处泛指大学生们，应用名词复数形式students，college students“大学生”；student单数，students’名词所有格均结构错误。 68．句意：沿线城市有近400所高校，因此Z150次列车成为多数学生首选。 前句“有近400所大学”是原因，后句“成为首选”是结果，应用so引导结果状语从句；but但是，表转折，because因为，表原因，逻辑不符。 69．句意：近年来，列车餐车夜间免费开放，为返程学生提供借阅书屋、免费茶水等服务。 根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。has been open表持续状态，符合时态；was一般过去时，is一般现在时，时态不符。 70．句意：铁路部门的这些贴心举措深受需要安静舒适地方学习的乘客欢迎。 此处修饰名词“place”，表示物给人的感觉，应用-ing结尾的形容词relaxing；relaxed修饰人，relax动词，词性不符。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 People and their jobs核心语法精练 （由who、which、that引导的定语从句） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、单项选择 2 二、完成句子 4 三、句型转换 5 四、连词成句 6 6 一、语法选择 6 由who、which、that引导的定语从句 概念 定语从句：修饰名词 / 代词 / 句子（先行词），放在先行词后面。 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词 / 句子 关系代词：that /who/which，作用：①指代先行词 ②连接句子 ③在从句充当成分（主语 / 宾语） 基本结构：先行词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句 关系代词who 先行词是人 从句中作主语或宾语（介词前置只用whom） The girl who stands there is my sister.（主语） 关系代词which 先行词是物 从句中作主语或宾语 The book which you bought is interesting.（宾语） 关系代词that 先行词人 + 物通用 可代替 who、which（有使用限制，见下文） 注意 作宾语时，可以省略；作主语，绝对不能省略！ 例： This is the pen (that/which) I want.（宾语→可省） This is the pen that lies on the desk.（主语→不可省） 只能用 that，不能用 which 的情况 先行词满足下面任一条件，优先用 that： 先行词同时包含人 + 物 They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited. 先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most moving story that I’ve heard. 先行词被序数词修饰 This is the first gift that I received. 先行词被不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something, any, little 等修饰 Tell me everything that you know. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰 He is the only person that understands me. 只能用 which，不能用 that 的情况 介词提前时，介词后面只用 which（指物）/whom（指人），不能用 that This is the house in which we lived. ⚠️错误：in that 指代主句所描述的整件事或整个事实，在从句中作主语或宾语，不能用 that 替代，只能用 which He failed the exam, which surprised everyone. 口诀 人用 who，物用 which，人物通用可用 that； 主不可省宾可省，牢记规则别混淆； 不定代词最高级，序数唯一多用 that； 介词提前记清楚，其后不用 that。 一、单项选择。 1．He has a friend ________ plays the piano very well. A．whom B．what C．which D．who 2．The first thing ________ we should do is to learn about the four treasures of the study. A．which B．that C．who D．whose 3．—What kind of books do you like? —I like the books ________ introduce traditional Chinese art. A．who B．whose C．that D．what 4．I love the characters ________ are written by the great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing. A．who B．what C．which D．whose 5．—Have you heard of the painting Starry Night? —Sure. It’s the famous work ________ was painted by Vincent van Gogh. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 6．There are many works of art in the museum ________ were created by great masters. A．who B．that C．what D．when 7．—What are you looking for? —The book about Chinese paintings ________ my deskmate lent me last week. A．who B．what C．it D．/ 8．This is the best calligraphy work ________ has been shown in the museum this year. A．which B．who C．that D．/ 9．The man ________ gave us a talk on traditional painting is a famous artist. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 10．The girl ________ plays the violin very well is my deskmate. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 11．Music ________ touches our hearts can bring us warmth. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 12．This is the song ________ I listened to last night. A．what B．who C．which D．where 13．I prefer musicians ________ are creative and talented. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 14．I love traditional music ________ tells beautiful stories. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 15．People ________ love classical music often go to concerts. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 16．The story ________ we learned in class yesterday is about a brave fireman. A．who B．what C．that D．whose 17．The woman ________ won the Nobel Prize in Medicine is Tu Youyou. A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 18．— Have you ever seen the film The Shawshank Redemption? — Yes, and I think it is the best film ________teaches me a lot. A．that B．which C．what D．/ 19．We’ll never forget the people and places ________we visited in China. A．what B．which C．that D．where 20．I hate the dogs ________ live in the next house. They make loud noises all night. A．who B．that C．what D．whom 二、完成句子。 21．我们在博物馆里看到的那些作品有着悠久的历史。 The works ________ we ________ in the museum have a long history. 22．王羲之是一位在中国古代非常有名的书法家。 Wang Xizhi was a calligrapher ________ ________ very famous in ancient China. 23．我最喜欢的那幅画是徐悲鸿的《春山十骏图》。 The painting ________ I like ________ is Xu Beihong’s Ten Horses in Spring Mountains. 24．我更喜欢自己写歌的音乐家。 I prefer musicians ________ ________ their own songs. 25．她是我最钦佩的科学家。 She is the scientist ________ I ________ most. 26．我喜欢有创造力的音乐家。 I like musicians ________ are ________. 27．每一个访问北京的人都希望看到国旗升起来。 ________ ________ visits Beijing ________ to watch the raising of the national flag. 28．在上次志愿者活动中，我们帮助了社区里的老人，这让我感到无比自豪。   During the last volunteer activity, we helped the elderly in the community, ________. 29．每个生活在地球上的人，都应该保护我们的家园。 Everyone ________ ________ on earth should protect our home. 30．我十分钦佩那些能勇敢地表达自己想法的同学们。 I greatly admire those classmates ________ ________ express their ideas bravely. 三、句型转换。 31．She was the first girl to win the prize.（改为同义句） ________ ________ the first girl ________ won the prize. 32．The little boy with a pair of glasses is my neighbour. (改为同义句) The little boy ________ ________ a pair of glasses is my neighbour. 33．I don’t know the young woman. The young woman is standing near the piano.（改为同义句）   I don’t know the young woman ________ ________ standing near the piano. 34．I don’t know the young man. The young man is sitting in the garden. (同义句转换) I don’t know the young man ________ ________ sitting in the garden. 35．Anna thanked the woman. She helped her. (两句合并为一句) Anna thanked the woman ________ ________ her. 36．To improve our English, we can talk to English-speaking people. To improve our English, we can talk to the people ________ ________ English. 37．My uncle gave me the bike and I like it. (改为同义句) I like the bike ________ my uncle ________ ________. 38．My father prefers quiet beaches.（改为同义句） My father prefers beaches ________ ________ ________. 39．The movie has a happy ending and I like this kind of movie. (同义句转换) I like a movie ________ ________ a happy ending. 40．China is a great country with a long history of 5, 000 years. (改为同义句) China is a great country________ ________a long history of 5, 000 years. 四、连词成句。 41．I, which, am, a, book, is, Journey to the West, reading, called (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42．ago, the, this, house, grandfather, that, built, is, years, my, thirty (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43．we, something, that, eat, both, delicious, is (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44．prefers,which,He,something,music,think about,him,to,gives.(.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 45．we, something, that, enjoy, is, sweet, both (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 46．can, music, I, that, like, sing, I, along with (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47．movies, enjoys, him, make, Scott, laugh, which (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 48．movies, I, that, me, something, to, about, think, give, prefer (.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 49．I, are, bought, yesterday, which, the books, here(.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 50．deaf, who, work, people, and, in, noisy, live, conditions, go, often(.) (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Music is a language that connects all people. Different music styles carry different feelings. I’m a big fan of Chinese folk music 51 has simple but warm lyrics. Last month, I watched an interview 52 a folk musician. He is a man 53 grew up in northern Shaanxi. He told us that folk music 54 the stories of common people. Many young people once looked down 55 folk music, but now more teenagers start to love it. I prefer folk music 56 I can dance to and sing along to. It always reminds me 57 my grandma, who often sang old folk songs to me when I was little. The pieces 58 are played on erhu or pipa are my top choices. The musician said great music is made by people 59 stick to creating with heart. Hats off to all artists 60 keep our traditional musical culture alive. 51．A．who B．which C．what D．whose 52．A．with B．to C．for D．at 53．A．which B．whose C．who D．when 54．A．record B．records C．recorded D．recording 55．A．at B．to C．on D．for 56．A．which B．who C．whose D．when 57．A．to B．of C．with D．about 58．A．who B．whose C．which D．where 59．A．which B．who C．whose D．when 60．A．which B．what C．whose D．who 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 A slow train in Southwest China has attracted much attention from netizens (网民) because of its own study room. The train No. 5609/5610, which runs 61 Chongqing and Xiushan county, is a slow train. In some carriages (车厢), some seats have been replaced with desks and chairs under the windows 62 it into a “study carriage” for passengers in need. The Chinese characters “Yu Yue” appear on 63 train, which translates to “traveling and reading happily”. Other inspirational slogans (标语) 64 throughout the study carriages. Besides No. 5609/5610, 65 slow trains have been upgraded with “study carriages”, including No. 5619/5620 and 5633/5634 which run along the Chengdu—Kunming Railway. Students 66 are from nearby schools often take the train between school and home. The trains are their “school buses”, and many passengers use their travel time to complete homework. On train No. Z150, which runs between Guiyang and Beijing, a book bar carriage has been welcomed by college   67 . There are nearly 400 universities and colleges in the cities along the line, 68 train No. Z150 becomes the first choice for most students of those schools. In recent years, the train’s dining car 69 open for free at night to offer returning students a lending library, free tea and other services. These small measures by the railway department are popular with passengers in need of a 70 place to continue their studies. How amazing! 61．A．with B．between C．among 62．A．made B．making C．to make 63．A．the B．a C．an 64．A．are seeing B．are seen C．were seen 65．A．other B．the other C．others 66．A．which B．where C．that 67．A．student B．students C．students’ 68．A．so B．but C．because 69．A．was B．is C．has been 70．A．relaxing B．relaxed C．relax 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $