《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第34天 任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖第34天15个核心词汇（496-510），按“词汇释义-词形变换-短语拓展-真题应用”层级构建知识体系，通过选词填空、单词填空等任务驱动，引导学生自主梳理词形变化规律与语境应用逻辑，形成结构化词汇网络。 亮点在于“自测-应用-巩固”闭环设计，如选词填空诊断词汇掌握度，语篇翻译整合多词综合运用，默写任务强化记忆，培养语言能力与学习能力。学生可通过错题归因自主提升，教师能依据练习反馈精准指导，助力个性化备考。

《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第34天（词汇496-510） 一、核心词汇 496. antique 【7次】 /ænˈtiːk/ adj.古老的，古董的；n.古董，古物 497. arise 【7次】 /əˈraɪz/ v.出现，发生；起床；起立；起身 498. unemployment 【7次】 /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ n.失业；失业人数 499. gravity 【7次】 /ˈɡrævəti/ n.重力，地心引力；〔局势的〕严重性 500. rural 【7次】 /ˈrʊərəl/ adj.农村的，乡村的 501. scare 【7次】 /skeə/ v.使惊吓，吓唬 502. murder 【7次】 /ˈmɜːdə/ n.谋杀，凶杀；v.谋杀，杀害 503. horizon 【7次】 /həˈraɪzn/ n.地平线（pl.）（欲望、知识或兴趣的）范围，眼界 504. noble 【7次】 /ˈnəʊbl/ adj.高贵的，贵族的 505. desperate 【7次】 /ˈdespərət/ adj.绝望的；不顾一切的，孤注一掷的；非常需要的 506. weaken 【7次】 /ˈwiːkən/ v.使变弱，削弱；减弱 507. seize 【7次】 /siːz/ v.抓住，夺取；强占，占领 508. acknowledge 【6次】 /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ v.承认；认可；感谢 509. payment 【6次】 /ˈpeɪmənt/ n.支付，付款；报酬，偿还 510. priority 【6次】 /praɪˈɒrəti/ n.优先权，优先顺序；重要性 二、词形变换 1. antique —— antiquity /ænˈtɪkwəti/ n.古代；古物 —— antiquarian /ˌæntɪˈkweəriən/ n.古物收藏家 2. arise —— arising /əˈraɪzɪŋ/ adj.出现的 —— risen /ˈrɪzn/ (过去分词) 3. employ —— unemployment n.失业 —— employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v.雇用 —— employee /ˌemplɔɪˈiː/ n.雇员 —— employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ n.雇主 4. grave —— gravity n.重力；严重性 —— grave /ɡreɪv/ adj.严重的 n.坟墓 —— gravitate /ˈɡrævɪteɪt/ v.受引力作用 5. rural —— rurality /rʊəˈræləti/ n.乡村性 —— ruralize /ˈrʊərəlaɪz/ v.使农村化 6. scare —— scary /ˈskeəri/ adj.可怕的 —— scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕的 —— scarecrow /ˈskeəkrəʊ/ n.稻草人 7. murder —— murderer /ˈmɜːdərə/ n.谋杀犯 —— murderous /ˈmɜːdərəs/ adj.凶残的 8. horizon —— horizontal /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl/ adj.水平的 —— horizontally /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntli/ adv.水平地 9. noble —— nobly /ˈnəʊbli/ adv.高贵地 —— nobility /nəʊˈbɪləti/ n.贵族阶层；高尚 10. desperate —— desperately /ˈdespərətli/ adv.拼命地；非常 —— desperation /ˌdespəˈreɪʃn/ n.绝望 11. weak —— weaken v.削弱 —— weak /wiːk/ adj.虚弱的 —— weakness /ˈwiːknəs/ n.弱点 12. seize —— seizure /ˈsiːʒə/ n.抓住；夺取 —— seizer n.占领者 13. acknowledge —— acknowledgement /əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt/ n.承认；感谢 —— acknowledged /əkˈnɒlɪdʒd/ adj.公认的 14. pay —— payment n.付款 —— pay /peɪ/ v.支付 —— payable /ˈpeɪəbl/ adj.应付的 15. prior —— priority n.优先权 —— prior /ˈpraɪə/ adj.先前的 —— prioritize /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ v.优先处理 三、重要词汇短语拓展与真题例句 1. antique —— antique furniture 古董家具（2023新高考I卷）“She collects antique jewelry as a hobby.” 2. arise —— arise from 由……引起（2022全国乙卷）“Problems may arise from misunderstandings.” 3. unemployment —— unemployment rate 失业率（2021全国甲卷）“The unemployment rate has decreased this year.” 4. gravity —— the gravity of the situation 局势的严重性（2020全国II卷）“He understood the gravity of the problem.” 5. rural —— rural areas 农村地区（2019全国I卷）“She grew up in a rural community.” 6. scare —— scare away 吓跑；scare off 吓走（2018全国III卷）“The loud noise scared the birds away.” 7. murder —— commit murder 犯谋杀罪（2022新高考I卷）“The police are investigating the murder case.” 8. horizon —— broaden one's horizons 开阔眼界（2021新高考I卷）“Travel broadens your horizons.” 9. noble —— noble cause 崇高事业（2020全国I卷）“He dedicated his life to a noble cause.” 10. desperate —— desperate for 非常需要；desperate attempt 孤注一掷（2019全国II卷）“The refugees were desperate for food and water.” 11. weaken —— weaken the economy 削弱经济（2018全国II卷）“The disease weakened his body.” 12. seize —— seize the opportunity 抓住机会（2023全国乙卷）“We should seize every chance to learn.” 13. acknowledge —— acknowledge the fact 承认事实；acknowledge receipt of 确认收到（2022新高考II卷）“He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.” 14. payment —— make a payment 付款；down payment 首付（2021全国乙卷）“The payment is due at the end of the month.” 15. priority —— give priority to 优先考虑（2020全国III卷）“Safety is our top priority.” 四、选词填空 第一组（备选词：antique, arise, unemployment, gravity, rural, scare, murder, horizon, noble, desperate） 1. The old clock, which had been in the family for over two hundred years, was a valuable ______ passed down through generations. 2. Several important questions ______ during the discussion that required immediate attention from the committee. 3. The rise in ______ has forced many young people to leave their hometowns in search of better job opportunities. 4. The international community finally recognized the ______ of the situation and began to take serious action. 5. People who live in ______ areas often have closer connections to nature than those in cities. 6. The sudden loud noise ______ the children, and they ran to their parents for protection. 7. The police are still investigating the ______ that took place in the quiet neighborhood last week. 8. Reading widely can broaden your ______ and help you understand different cultures and perspectives. 9. He dedicated his life to the ______ cause of protecting endangered animals around the world. 10. After losing his job and his home, he became ______ and made some very risky decisions. 第二组（备选词：weaken, seize, acknowledge, payment, priority, weakened, seized, acknowledged, priorities, payable） 11. If you don't get enough nutrients, your immune system will ______ and you may become sick more easily. 12. The young entrepreneur decided to ______ the opportunity and start her own business. 13. We must ______ that mistakes were made in the past and learn from them. 14. The first ______ for this project is due next Friday, so we need to prepare the money. 15. When planning a project, setting clear ______ helps the team focus on what really matters. 16. The storm ______ the bridges, making it impossible for vehicles to cross the river. 17. The police ______ the suspect as he was trying to leave the building. 18. The scientist ______ that the results of the experiment were not conclusive. 19. The invoice is ______ within 30 days of the date of purchase. 20. The government has made education one of its top ______. 五、单词填空（语法填空或首字母填空，句子较长，设空位置分散） 1. The museum has a large collection of ______ (antiquity) artifacts from ancient Rome and Greece. 2. The ______ (arise) of new technologies has completely changed the way we communicate with each other. 3. The government is taking measures to reduce ______ (employ) among young people aged 18 to 25. 4. The ______ (grave) of the economic crisis required immediate intervention from the central bank. 5. Many young people prefer ______ (urban) life to rural life because of better employment opportunities. 6. The horror movie was too ______ (scare) for the young children to watch, so they covered their eyes. 7. The ______ (murder) is still at large, and the police have issued a public warning. 8. Living in a foreign country can broaden your ______ (horizon) and give you a new perspective on life. 9. The ______ (noble) of his character was evident in the way he treated his employees. 10. We need to ______ (priority) our tasks so that we can meet the deadlines. 六、语篇翻译 In many rural areas, unemployment remains a serious problem. Young people often move to cities in search of better opportunities. However, this migration can weaken the social fabric of villages. The government must acknowledge this issue and take action. It should give priority to creating jobs in the countryside. The gravity of the situation requires immediate attention. When problems arise, we should seize the chance to find solutions. We cannot simply scare people into staying; we must offer them hope. Education can broaden the horizons of young people and open doors to new possibilities. We should acknowledge the contributions of those who work hard to improve their communities. A noble purpose motivates people to work for the common good. Even those in desperate situations can find a way forward if they are given support. Antique skills and traditional knowledge should be preserved and passed on to future generations. Let us make the welfare of the people our top priority and seize every opportunity to build a better society. 七、核心词汇默写 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 496. 古老的；古董 ____________ 497. 出现；发生；起床 ____________ 498. 失业；失业人数 ____________ 499. 重力；严重性 ____________ 500. 农村的；乡村的 ____________ 501. 使惊吓；吓唬 ____________ 502. 谋杀；凶杀 ____________ 503. 地平线；眼界 ____________ 504. 高贵的；贵族的 ____________ 505. 绝望的；不顾一切的 ____________ 506. 使变弱；削弱 ____________ 507. 抓住；夺取 ____________ 508. 承认；认可；感谢 ____________ 509. 支付；付款 ____________ 510. 优先权；重要性 ____________ 八、词形变换默写 1. antique → ______（n. 古代；古物）→ ______（n. 古物收藏家） 2. arise → ______（adj. 出现的）→ ______（v. 过去分词） 3. employ → ______（n. 失业）→ ______（v. 雇用）→ ______（n. 雇员）→ ______（n. 雇主） 4. grave → ______（n. 重力；严重性）→ ______（adj. 严重的）→ ______（v. 受引力作用） 5. scare → ______（adj. 可怕的）→ ______（adj. 害怕的）→ ______（n. 稻草人） 6. murder → ______（n. 谋杀犯）→ ______（adj. 凶残的） 7. horizon → ______（adj. 水平的）→ ______（adv. 水平地） 8. noble → ______（adv. 高贵地）→ ______（n. 贵族阶层；高尚） 9. desperate → ______（adv. 拼命地）→ ______（n. 绝望） 10. weak → ______（v. 削弱）→ ______（adj. 虚弱的）→ ______（n. 弱点） 11. seize → ______（n. 抓住；夺取）→ ______（n. 占领者） 12. acknowledge → ______（n. 承认；感谢）→ ______（adj. 公认的） 13. pay → ______（n. 付款）→ ______（adj. 应付的） 14. prior → ______（n. 优先权）→ ______（adj. 先前的）→ ______（v. 优先处理） 【参考答案】 四、选词填空答案 第一组：1. antique 2. arose 3. unemployment 4. gravity 5. rural 6. scared 7. murder 8. horizons 9. noble 10. desperate 第二组：11. weaken 12. seize 13. acknowledge 14. payment 15. priorities 16. weakened 17. seized 18. acknowledged 19. payable 20. priorities 五、单词填空答案 1. antique（形容词，古代的） 2. arising（动名词，出现） 3. unemployment（名词，失业率） 4. gravity（名词，严重性） 5. urban（此处应为urban与rural对比，原题rural已出现，应填urban，但题目设空为rural life，前面已有urban说明，此处按原题句意应填urban，但原题是Many young people prefer ______ life to rural life，应填urban） 修正：题目第5题应填 urban（城市的） 6. scary（形容词，吓人的） 7. murderer（名词，凶手） 8. horizons（名词复数，眼界） 9. nobility（名词，高尚） 10. prioritize（动词，优先处理） 六、语篇翻译答案 在许多农村地区，失业仍然是一个严重问题。年轻人往往移居城市寻找更好的机会。然而，这种迁移会削弱村庄的社会结构。政府必须承认这一问题并采取行动。它应优先考虑在农村创造就业机会。局势的严重性需要立即关注。当问题出现时，我们应抓住寻找解决方案的机会。我们不能仅仅吓唬人们留下；我们必须给予他们希望。教育可以拓宽年轻人的眼界，为新的可能性打开大门。我们应认可那些为改善社区而努力工作的人的贡献。崇高的目标激励人们为共同利益而努力。即使处于绝望境地的人，如果得到支持，也能找到前进的道路。古老的技能和传统知识应被保存并传给后代。让我们把人民福祉作为我们的首要优先事项，并抓住每一个建设更美好社会的机会。 七、核心词汇默写答案 496. antique 497. arise 498. unemployment 499. gravity 500. rural 501. scare 502. murder 503. horizon 504. noble 505. desperate 506. weaken 507. seize 508. acknowledge 509. payment 510. priority 八、词形变换默写答案 1. antiquity, antiquarian 2. arising, arisen 3. unemployment, employ, employee, employer 4. gravity, grave, gravitate 5. scary, scared, scarecrow 6. murderer, murderous 7. horizontal, horizontally 8. nobly, nobility 9. desperately, desperation 10. weaken, weak, weakness 11. seizure, seizer 12. acknowledgement, acknowledged 13. payment, payable 14. priority, prior, prioritize $