Unit 4 Natural Disasters 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 围绕“自然灾害”主题，整合外刊阅读与多题型训练，构建“输入-内化-输出”的语言能力培养逻辑，渗透人类命运共同体意识与问题解决思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇（帝企鹅濒危）|事实细节+推理判断|以气候变化为核心，关联海冰消融、物种保护等概念，通过词汇（extinction等）与长难句（宾语从句、分词作状语）搭建语言支架| |能力培优拔高|8篇阅读（火山/地震预警等）、1完形（9·11消防员）、2七选五（灾后恢复/闪电安全）、1语法填空|阅读理解侧重观点论证，完形考查情感与语境，七选五训练逻辑衔接|从自然现象（火山/地震）到技术应用（AEA系统）再到人文关怀（灾后恢复/英雄精神），形成“现象-影响-应对”认知链条| |迁移应用篇|5句翻译+1应用文写作（地震讲座邮件）|句子考查语法结构（as if/too...to等），写作聚焦信息整合|从语言知识（语法结构）到语用能力（邮件写作），实现从输入到输出的能力迁移|

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 The emperor penguin, an icon of Antarctica, has been declared an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Its status was changed from “near threatened” to “endangered” as climate change pushes this bird closer to extinction. This decision highlights the serious threat that global warming presents to ice-dependent species. Emperor penguins rely on sea ice to live, hunt and breed. The early break-up and loss of these frozen ocean platforms have caused their numbers to plummet. The IUCN predicts that climate-driven changes in sea ice could cut the population by half by the 2080s. Philip Trathan, part of the IUCN expert group, stated, “We concluded that human-induced climate change poses the most significant threat to emperor penguins.” On the IUCN Red List, which ranks species’ extinction risk, “endangered” is only two steps away from “extinction in the wild,” meaning a species survives only in captivity, living under human care in zoos and parks. The largest of all penguins, emperor penguins have a brilliant golden-orange patch on their neck and chest. They breed on sea ice in the dead of winter; the males keep eggs warm beneath their feet. The sea ice also provides a habitat for chicks and is essential when they replace their feathers before becoming waterproof. But climate change is making the sea ice less stable, causing it to retreat or break up early in spring. Satellite images indicate around 20,000 adults — about 10% of the population — disappeared between 2009 and 2018. Christophe Barbraud, a scientist, said, “Since 2016–2017, there has been a significant decrease in the extent of sea ice around Antarctica, and therefore without sea ice, the species will struggle to survive.” Trathan added that emperor penguins are a warning sign. The IUCN also listed the Antarctic fur seal as endangered; its numbers have plunged more than 50% since 1999. Rising ocean temperatures and shrinking sea ice push krill to deeper waters, reducing the seals’ food supply. In addition, the southern elephant seal was moved from “least concern” to “vulnerable” after its population declined due to a deadly contagious disease. 【全文翻译】 帝企鹅是南极洲的标志性物种，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）已将其列为濒危物种。受气候变化影响，这种鸟类愈发濒临灭绝，它的保护级别从“近危”调整为“濒危”。这一决定凸显了全球变暖对依赖海冰生存物种构成的严峻威胁。 帝企鹅依靠海冰生存、觅食与繁衍。海冰提前消融、不断消失，造成帝企鹅数量急剧下降。世界自然保护联盟预测，受气候影响的海冰变化，可能会使帝企鹅种群数量在21世纪80年代减少一半。世界自然保护联盟专家组成员菲利普·特拉森表示：“我们得出结论，人为引发的气候变化是帝企鹅面临的最大威胁。” 世界自然保护联盟红色名录用于划分物种灭绝风险等级，“濒危”距离“野外灭绝”仅相差两个等级。野外灭绝意味着该物种只能人工圈养存活，生活在动物园等场所，依靠人类照料。 帝企鹅是体型最大的企鹅，颈部和胸部带有鲜亮金橙色斑块。它们在隆冬时节于海冰上繁衍；雄性企鹅将蛋置于脚面保温。海冰也是幼企鹅的栖息地，幼企鹅长出防水羽毛前换羽阶段，海冰不可或缺。但气候变化让海冰稳定性下降，春季海冰提早消退、崩解。卫星影像显示，2009至2018年间，约2万只成年帝企鹅（约总种群的10%）消失。科学家克里斯托夫·巴尔布罗称：“2016至2017年以来，南极洲周边海冰面积大幅缩减，因此一旦失去海冰，这一物种将难以生存。” 特拉森补充道，帝企鹅敲响了警钟。世界自然保护联盟同时将南极毛皮海豹列为濒危物种；自1999年以来，其数量锐减超过50%。海水升温、海冰缩减迫使磷虾迁往更深海域，海豹的食物来源随之减少。此外，南象海豹因致命传染病导致种群数量下降，保护级别从“无危”调整为“易危”。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. extinction 灭绝 2. endangered species 濒危物种 3. global warming 全球变暖 4. sea ice 海冰 5. plummet （数量、水平）急剧下降 6. human-induced climate change 人为导致的气候变化 7. shrink 缩小，缩减 8. retreat （海冰、冰川）消退 9. break up 崩解，碎裂 10. habitat loss 栖息地丧失 11. contagious disease 传染性疾病 12. climate-driven 气候引发的 13. threat 威胁 14. vulnerable 脆弱的；易受危害的 15. population decline 种群数量下降 16. ocean temperature 海水温度 17. environmental condition 环境条件 18. species 物种 19. prediction 预测 20. dependent on 依赖于…… 【长难句分析】 1. The IUCN predicts that climate-driven changes in sea ice could cut the population by half by the 2080s. 句意：世界自然保护联盟预测，由气候引发的海冰变化可能会在21世纪80年代使帝企鹅种群数量减少一半。 分析：The IUCN predicts that引导宾语从句；climate-driven为形容词作前置定语；固定短语cut … by half 减少一半。 2.But climate change is making the sea ice less stable, causing it to retreat or break up early in spring. 句意：：但是气候变化使得海冰稳定性下降，导致海冰在春季提前消退或者崩解。 分析：主句运用make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构；causing it to retreat… 现在分词短语作结果状语，表气候变化带来的后果。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 阅读理解 The next big volcanic disaster is more likely to come from sleeping volcanoes that are hardly monitored (监测), rather than famous ones like Etna or Yellowstone. Why are "quiet" volcanoes more dangerous? This is partly because of common human bias (偏见). Many people think that something that has been quiet will stay quiet. If a volcano hasnˈt erupted for a long time, people often naturally consider it is safe. If people can quickly picture an event in their mind, they think itˈs more likely to happen. This is a quick trick of the mind. Well-known volcanoes or eruptions, such as the Icelandic ash cloud from 2010, are familiar and can feel threatening (威胁的), while remote volcanoes with no recent eruptions seldom register at all. The bias creates a dangerous problem: we only spend a large amount of money after a disaster has already happened. El Chichón, for example, was only monitored after the 1982 disaster. However, three-quarters of large eruptions (like El Chichón and bigger) come from volcanoes that have been quiet for at least 100 years and, as a result, receive the least attention. We must prepare for volcanoes ahead of time, not just after they erupt. With proper volcano monitoring, with communities prepared to respond, and with cooperation between experts and the government, we can save thousands of lives. Disasters were averted in these ways in 1991 (at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines), in 2019 (at Mount Merapi in Indonesia) and in 2021 (at La Soufrière on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent). To close these gaps, the world needs to pay more attention to under-monitored volcanoes in places such as Latin America, south-east Asia, Africa and the Pacific—places where millions of people live close to volcanoes that have little or no historical record. This is where the greatest risks lie, and where even small amounts of money spent on monitoring, early warning and community preparedness could save the most lives. 1.What can we learn about the common view on sleeping volcanoes? A. It may cause wrong decisions. B. It focuses on recent eruptions. C. It matches scientific guesses. D. It is based on famous volcanoes. 2.What does the underlined word "averted" in paragraph 4 mean? A. Expected. B. Prevented. C. Recorded. D. Contacted. 3.What does the author think of spending money on volcano monitoring? A. It needs to be cut down now. B. It is suitable for developed countries. C. It brings great value at a low cost. D. It requires more international help. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. The Cost of Monitoring Volcanoes Matters B. Why Famous Volcanoes Threaten Us Most C. How Volcanoes Change Human Activities D. The Quiet Volcanoes May Have Great Risks 【答案】1.A 2. B 3. C 4.D 【解析】【解题导语】  文章分析了人们对休眠火山存在的认知偏见，以及这种偏见导致的监测资源分配不均问题。最后强调，只要投入少量资金对休眠火山进行监测、预警并做好社区应对准备，就能挽救大量生命。 1. 考查推断的能力。读题：题干问“我们能从普遍的对休眠火山的看法中了解到什么?”A项“这种看法可能会导致错误的决策”；B项“这种看法关注近期的火山喷发”；C项“这种看法符合科学推测”；D项“这种看法基于知名火山”。 解题：根据第一段中的“Many people think that something that has been quiet… it is safe”（很多人认为一直平静的事物会持续平静。如果一座火山长时间没有喷发，人们通常会自然而然地认为它是安全的）以及第三段中的“The bias creates a dangerous problem: we only spend a large amount of money after a disaster has already happened”（这个偏见造成了一个危险的问题：我们只在灾难发生后才投入大量资金）可知，人们对休眠火山的普遍看法存在偏见，认为休眠火山是安全的，进而导致灾后才投入资金的错误决策。 2. 考查理解词汇的能力。画线词前的“We must prepare for volcanoes … save thousands of lives”提到，可通过妥善的火山监测、让社区做好应对准备、促进专家和政府之间的合作的措施，提前为火山活动做好准备，而不是只在火山喷发后才行动。同时结合下文列举的案例和常识可知，这些提前准备的措施让灾难得以避免。因此avert的意思是“避免，防止”，与prevent的意思一致。 3. 考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“This is where the greatest risks lie… save the most lives”可知，即使在监测、预警和社区准备方面投入少量资金也可以挽救最多的生命，即作者认为在火山监测上投入资金是以低成本创造巨大价值。 4. 总结：全文围绕“休眠火山”展开，介绍了人们对休眠火山的偏见、休眠火山监测不足的问题以及应对措施，故D项“安静的火山可能存在巨大风险”能够概括全文主旨，适合作为文章的标题。 Passage 2 阅读理解 On the basis of a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect (测出) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquake sensors (传感器) to detect quakes and give warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones, which make up 70% of the global smartphone market, researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (警报) (AEA) system. "Although the AEA system is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes," says Richard Allen, the leader of the study. Working in the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, the AEA system will send two types of alerts to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends "Take Action" alerts to users. These alerts are designed to draw usersˈ attention immediately and remind them to take protective action. It also delivers "Be Aware" alerts to areas expected to experience shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these alerts are, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did experience shaking, with 36% receiving the alerts before the ground began to move, 28% during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focusing on improving the AEA system. "We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts," says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example, could help with the rescue after an earthquake. 5.What is the AEA systemˈs advantage over the traditional way? A. It sends earlier warnings. B. It has smarter sensors. C. It detects smaller quakes. D. It requires less money. 6.What decides the type of alert? A. The result of the earthquake. B. The location of the earthquake. C. The reason for the earthquake. D. The magnitude of the earthquake. 7.What do Allenˈs words mean in paragraph 5? A. Technological advances prevent disasters. B. Research on earthquakes is in great demand. C. The alert system needs further development. D. Quality of rescue tools requires improvement. 8.What is the purpose of the text? A. To introduce a warning system. B. To let the public learn about safety. C. To compare two types of alerts. D. To research a disaster rescue tool. 【答案】5. D 6. D 7.C 8.A 【解析】【解题导语】  研究人员研发出安卓地震预警系统，该系统依托手机内置的运动传感器实现地震预警，成本更低，能根据地震的不同震级发送不同类型的警报，目前正在优化且有拓展应用潜力。 5.考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段内容可知，许多国家已采用传统地震预警系统，这类系统依托地震传感器网络来探测地震，并向受影响区域发布预警。搭建此类网络成本高，许多地震多发地区都没有这些网络。然而，这些地区拥有的是有内置运动传感器的智能手机，研究人员利用占全球智能手机市场70%份额的安卓智能手机研发出了安卓地震预警系统。由此可知，传统地震预警系统建造成本高，而AEA系统依托现有智能手机研发，所需资金更少，这是其相较传统方式的优势。 6.考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher… shaking of magnitude 3 or 4”可知，对于4.5级或以上的地震，该系统会向用户发送“采取行动”的警报，同时会向预计将遭遇3级或4级震动的地区发送“保持警惕”的警报。由此可知，该系统会根据地震的不同震级发送不同类型的警报，即地震的震级决定了警报的类型。 7.考查推断的能力。读题：题干问“在第五段中，Allen的话意味着什么?”。A项“技术进步预防灾难发生”；B项“对地震的研究需求量很大”；C项“该预警系统需要进一步改进”；D项“救援工具的质量需要提高”。 解题：根据第五段中Allen说的话可知，他认为他们可以继续提升地震探测的质量，同时也可以改进他们发布有效警报的策略。由此可推断，该预警系统仍需要进一步的完善。 8.考查理解目的的能力。读题：题干问“这篇文章的目的是什么?”。A项“为了介绍一个预警系统”；B项“为了让公众了解安全知识”；C项“为了比较两种类型的警报”；D项“为了研究一种灾难救援工具”。解题：根据第一段内容可知，文章开篇便点明研究成果——安卓智能手机的全球网络可作为实用的地震预警系统，下文围绕该系统的研发背景、工作模式、测试效果及优化方向展开。由此可知，全文的核心是介绍这款安卓地震预警系统。 Passage 3 完形填空 During the day, I heard something happened at the Twin Towers. But nobody seemed to really  9    what was going on. Not until school let out did I realize something might be  10   . My dad usually 11   me up, but he wasnˈt there. My dad was a firefighter. His   12   was less than a mile from the Twin Towers. The Twin Towers had been attacked, and my dad had gone there to  13  . I remember only bits and pieces, like my mom calling hospitals all over New York City,  14  to find my dad. Hopelessly, she told me that he was probably  15   We didnˈt learn exactly what had happened to him until much later. We 16  that he had sent a radio message at 9:56 am when he and hundreds of other  17  firefighters were in the burning South Tower, saving as many people as possible. Just three minutes later, the tower  18   . Nineteen years later, I still  19   my dad every day. He instilled(灌输) in me a   20    for my community, and his  21   encouraged me to volunteer. Looking back, I donˈt think only of the sad  22  . I also remember the great acts of people,  23    my dad, proud to call him my hero. 9.A. guarantee B. know C. witness D. care 10.A. powerless B. enthusiastic C. urgent D. wrong 11.A. shifted B. waved C. disappeared D. picked 12.A. mission B. station C. region D. occasion 13.A. help B. state C. refresh D. cease 14.A. appealing B. evaluating C. hoping D. promising 15.A. mistaken B. shot C. gone D. ignored 16.A. found out B. picked out C. made sure D. made sense 17.A. anxious B. faithful C. courageous D. aggressive 18.A. broke down B. fell down C. shut down D. sat down 19.A. miss B. protest C. quote D. worry 20.A. love B. emotion C. resolution D. passion 21.A. patience B. carefulness C. bravery D. wisdom 22.A. lesson B. event C. challenge D. option 23.A. especially B. entirely C. exactly D. absolutely 【答案】9. B 10. D 11.D 12. B 13. A 14.C 15. C 16.A 17.C 18. B 19. A 20.A 21.C 22. B 23. A 【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸是一名消防人员，不幸在救援中牺牲了。爸爸的勇敢一直鼓励着作者。回想过去，作者不再只想到那个不幸的事件，还会想到许多像爸爸一样的英雄。 9. 句意：但似乎没有人真正知道发生了什么。A.guarantee保证；B.know知道；C.witness目击；D.care关心。根据上句During the day, I heard something happened at the Twin Towers.可知，那天作者听说世贸中心的双子塔出事了，但没有人真正知道发生了什么事。故选B。 10. 句意：直到学校发布了消息，我才意识到可能出了问题。A.powerless无能为力的；B.enthusiastic热情的；C.urgent紧急的；D.wrong有问题的。根据第一段上文中I heard something happened at the Twin Towers.和下句My dad usually   (3)   me up, but he wasn't there.可知，作者意识到出问题了。故选D。 11. 句意：我的爸爸通常会来接我，但是那天他没来。A.shifted改变；B.waved挥舞；C.disappeared消失；D.picked拾取；接。根据句中but he wasn't there可知，此处指作者的爸爸经常来接作者，但那天他没有来。pick sb up接某人，固定搭配。故选D。 12. 句意：他的消防站离双子塔不到一英里。A.mission使命；B.station站，驻地；C.region区域；D.occasion场合。根据上句My dad was a firefighter.以及下句中The Twin Towers had been attacked, and my dad had gone there可知，作者的爸爸是一名消防员，他的消防站距离双子塔不到一英里。故选B。 13. 句意：双子塔被袭击了，我爸爸去那里援救了。A.help帮助；B.state陈述；C.refresh使恢复精力；D.cease停止。根据第一段中My dad was a firefighter.以及第三段中when he and hundreds of other   (9)   firefighters were in the burning South Tower可知，作者的爸爸去双子塔进行救援了。故选A。 14. 句意：我只记得点点滴滴，比如我妈妈打电话给纽约市各地的医院，希望能找到我爸爸。A.appealing显现；B.evaluating评估；C.hoping希望；D.promising承诺。根据句中my mom calling hospitals all over New York City可知，妈妈希望找到爸爸。故选C。 15. 句意：她绝望地告诉我，他可能已经牺牲了。A.mistaken错误的，弄错的；B.shot射出的；C.gone离去的；死去的；D.ignored被忽略的。根据第四段中Nineteen years later, I still   (11)   my dad every day.可知，此处表示作者的爸爸可能牺牲了。故选C。 16. 句意：我们发现他在早上9点56分发送了一条无线电报，那时他和其他很多勇敢的消防战士在着火的南塔中尝试尽可能多地救人。A.found out发现；B.picked out挑选出；C.made sure确保；D.made sense理解。根据句中he had sent a radio message at 9:56 am可知，作者他们发现爸爸在上午9点56分发了一条电报。故选A。 17. 句意同上。A.anxious焦躁的；B.faithful忠诚的；C.courageous有勇气的；D.aggressive 好斗的。根据句中firefighters were in the burning South Tower以及常识可知，冲进燃烧的塔里的消防员很勇敢。故选C。 18. 句意：三分钟后，这座塔倒塌了。A.broke down出故障；B.fell down倒塌；C.shut down关闭；D.sat down坐下。根据第二段中The Twin Towers had been attacked以及上句中firefighters were in the burning South Tower可推知，这座塔是倒塌了。故选B。 19. 句意：19年过去了，我依然每天会想起我的父亲。A.miss想念；B.protest抗议；C.quote引用；D.worry担心。根据第三段内容可知，作者的爸爸在911恐怖袭击救援中牺牲了，故此处表示19年后，作者每天依然很想爸爸。故选A。 20. 句意：他向我灌输热爱这个社会的思想，他的勇敢鼓励我去成为志愿者。A.love爱；B.emotion情感；C.resolution解决；D.passion激情。根据句中encouraged me to volunteer以及最后一段中I also remember the great acts of people可知，爸爸教给作者要热爱社会。故选A。 21. 句意同上。A.patience耐心；B.carefulness仔细；C.bravery勇敢；D.wisdom智慧，才智。根据第三段内容以及最后一段中  (15)   my dad, proud to call him my hero可知，父亲不畏惧危险，舍身救火，不幸牺牲，很是勇敢，他的勇敢鼓励了作者去做自愿者。故选C。 22. 句意：当我回首往事时，我不只是想到那件伤心的事。A.lesson教训，课；B.event事件；C.challenge挑战；D.option选择。根据第三段内容可知，双子塔被袭击，父亲牺牲，这都是不幸的事情。故选B。 23. 句意：我还记得人们的伟大行为，特别是我的爸爸，我自豪地称他为我的英雄。A.especially尤其，特别；B.entirely完全地；C.exactly确切地；D.absolutely绝对地。结合全文可知，作者的爸爸是一名消防员，不幸在救援中牺牲了，故此处表示作者也会想到许多人的英勇行为，尤其是作者引以自豪的爸爸。especially表示强调。故选A。 Passage 4 阅读理解 Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The townˈs residents（居民）enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful lives were turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routines, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out in the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the grip of a powerful hurricane. The hurricaneˈs fierce winds tore through the town, tearing roofs off and uprooting trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The townˈs emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They drove boats through the flooded streets and moved people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair（绝望）. After the hurricane, Havenbrookˈs residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their lives. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery（恢复）process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins. 24.What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A. The residents sensed the coming storm. B. The residents were unprepared for daily life. C. The residents often experienced natural disasters. D. The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster. 25.Whatˈs the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The residents started rescue work. B. The residents left their homes hopefully. C. The hurricane arrived without any warning. D. The hurricane caused serious damage and fear. 26.How did the townˈs emergency services react to the disaster? A. They sent people to safety by using boats. B. They ignored the situation and did nothing. C. They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action. D. They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm. 27.What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Difficult. B. Happy. C. Effortless. D. Annoying. 27.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of sports records broken by well-known athletes over time. B. The differences between present-day athletes and those in earlier times. C. How sports psychology works to help athletes enhance their performance. D. Human bodyˈs potential can keep expanding with better training and support. 【答案】24.D 25. D 26.A 27.A 【解析】语篇解读  本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了海边小镇Havenbrook遭遇飓风的经历，以及当地居民在灾害前后的生活变化与灾后重建的故事。 24. 细节理解题。第一段前两句提到，从前，在Havenbrook这个海边小镇的生活平静而幸福。镇上的居民享受着大海的美景和家园的宁静。第二段前三句提到，那天早晨像往常一样，太阳升起，金色的阳光洒满小镇。人们醒来，准备开始他们的日常生活，然后各自忙碌。可知，灾害发生前，居民们过着平静的生活。故选D项。 25. 主旨大意题。第三段主要描述了飓风给小镇带来的严重破坏和居民们的恐惧：飓风呼啸着横扫小镇，掀翻屋顶、拔倒树木。风暴使海面变得汹涌狂暴，巨浪涌入小镇，淹没了街道和房屋。毫无准备的居民们匆忙寻求庇护。许多人被困在家中，随着水位越涨越高，他们惊恐地等待着。仿佛世界末日已经来临。故选D项。 26. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The townˈs emergency services...drove boats...and moved people to safety.”可知，小镇的应急服务部门驾船将人们转移到安全地带。故选A项。 27. 词义猜测题。结合常识和画线词后文可知，灾后重建家园是一项艰巨的任务，需要共同努力和外部支持。由此推知，画线词的意思是“艰难的”，与difficult同义。故选A项。 Passage 5 阅读七选五 Some True Recovery After Disasters When a disaster strikes, the immediate focus is on search and rescue and delivering urgent supplies to those in need. What is often overlooked is the long shadow cast on a community's collective psyche—the hidden pain that lasts far longer than severely broken buildings and collapsed roads.   28   True recovery is not just about rebuilding what was lost, but about healing what cannot be seen. Many people believe that aid work ends when the last supply truck departs and temporary shelters are closed.  29   In reality, the most critical phase begins when the world's attention moves on: helping survivors rebuild identity, restore trust in failed systems, and prepare for future crises without helplessness. A core principle of ethical aid is that survivors must be the solution's center, not passive receivers of charity.   30   Too often, external groups arrive with pre-packaged plans ignoring local traditions or unique community needs. True empowerment means listening first, then acting with, not for, the community.  31    Disasters expose deep inequalities: disadvantaged groups are hardest hit and last to get aid, though they bear least responsibility for disasters' root causes. Recovery ignoring these inequalities keeps harmful systems in place that deepen suffering. Of course, equal recovery faces tough challenges.  32   Governments put economic growth before schools and hospitals; international aid often ties to political agendas. Yet community-led recovery creates sustainable, resilient solutions that stand the test of time. A．Weak groups need rights and resources they never had. B．Homes built and people fed are poor standards for true recovery. C．Respect local expertise and let communities lead their own decisions. D．Systemic barriers are the biggest problem for recovery, not disaster damage. E．Beyond destruction, disasters reveal some unpleasant truths about modern societies. F．This narrow view ignores the long-term work of healing and empowerment for survivors. G．These hidden pains can slow down the whole community's recovery for many long years. 【答案】28.G 29. F 30.C 31.E 32.D 【解析】 28. 由上文“What is often overlooked is the long shadow cast on a community’s collective psyche—the hidden pain that lasts far longer than severely broken buildings and collapsed roads.”及下文“True recovery is not just about rebuilding what was lost, but about healing what cannot be seen.”可知，灾难给社区集体心理带来的隐藏痛苦持续时间长，真正的恢复也需要治愈看不见的东西，G选项（这些隐藏的痛苦可能会使整个社区的恢复速度减缓多年）能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 29. 由上文“Many people believe that aid work ends when the last supply truck departs and temporary shelters are closed.”及下文“In reality, the most critical phase begins when the world’s attention moves on: helping survivors rebuild identity, restore trust in failed systems, and prepare for future crises without helplessness.”可知，很多人对援助工作结束时间的看法错误，真正的关键阶段是后续对幸存者的帮助，F选项（这种狭隘的观点忽视了针对幸存者康复和赋能的长期工作）能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 30. 由上文“A core principle of ethical aid is that survivors must be the solution’s center, not passive receivers of charity.”及下文“Too often, external groups arrive with pre-packaged plans ignoring local traditions or unique community needs. True empowerment means listening first, then acting with, not for, the community.”可知，道德援助的一个核心原则是解决方案必须以幸存者为中心，但外部团体常忽视当地的传统，真正的赋能是先倾听再行动，C选项（尊重当地专长，让社区自主决策）能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 31 .由下文“Disasters expose deep inequalities: disadvantaged groups are hardest hit and last to get aid, though they bear least responsibility for disasters’ root causes. Recovery ignoring these inequalities keeps harmful systems in place that deepen suffering.”可知，下文具体说明灾难揭示的社会不平等问题。本空应为总起句，引出“灾难揭示社会问题”的话题。E选项(除了破坏，灾难还揭示了关于现代社会的一些令人不快的事实)概括下文，符合语境。故选E。 32. 由上文“Of course, equal recovery faces tough challenges.”及下文“Governments put economic growth before schools and hospitals；international aid often ties to political agendas.”可知，上文提出“平等恢复面临严峻的挑战”，下文列举具体的体制性障碍。本空应指出阻碍恢复的最大问题是体制性障碍。D选项（体制性障碍是阻碍恢复的最大问题，而不是灾难破坏）能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 6 篇章语法填空 Natural disasters are events caused by nature that can cause a lot of damage. They can harm the environment, destroy buildings, 33          even take lives. Itˈs important to know about them so we can be prepared. A common natural disaster is the earthquake. Earthquakes happen when the ground 34         (shake) because of movements in the Earthˈs crust (地壳). This shaking can cause buildings and roads   35            (fall) down, leading to injuries and deaths. Another36   (power) natural disaster is the hurricane. Hurricanes are strong   37           (storm) that form warm ocean waters. They bring heavy rain,  38           can cause flooding and damage buildings. The Atlantic hurricane season is from June to November, and places like the Caribbean and the southeastern United States  39           (affect) time and time again. Floods are another type of natural disasters that can happen almost anywhere. Flooding occurs when there is too much water,   40           (usual) from heavy rain, overflowing rivers, or melting snow. Floods can damage homes and roads. Even though we cannot stop natural disasters, we can prepare for them. Itˈs important to follow safety guidelines, have  41          first aid kit ready, and stay informed about the risks in your area. By learning about natural disasters, we can better protect  42          (we) and our communities. 【答案】33.and 34.shakes 35. to fall 36.powerful 37. storms 38. which 39. are affected 40. usually 41. a 42. ourselves 【解析】 【解题导语】  文章主要介绍了几种自然灾害以及应对自然灾害的举措。 33.考查连词。它们会危害环境，破坏建筑物，甚至夺去生命。harm、destroy和take并列，空处表示“和，与”，故用and连接。 34.考查时态和主谓一致。空处是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语，此处描述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语ground是单数，故谓语动词也应用单数，故填shakes。 35.考查非谓语动词。cause… to do sth.“导致……做某事”是固定用法，故填to fall。 36.考查形容词。空处修饰natural disaster，应用形容词作定语，结合语境可知，此处表示“强有力的，力量大的”，故填powerful。 37.考查名词复数。storm在此处表示“暴风雨”，是可数名词，由空前的are可知，此处应用复数形式，故填storms。 38.考查定语从句。它们会带来暴雨，这会导致洪水，并且会破坏建筑物。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词heavy rain，并在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导该从句。 39.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作and所连接的第二分句的谓语。此处表述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语places与affect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语places为复数，be动词应用are。故填are affected。 40.考查副词。空处修饰后面的介词短语，应用副词作状语，故填usually。 41.考查冠词。first aid kit意为“急救包”，是可数名词，其前没有限定词，且此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，first的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 42.考查代词。空处作protect的宾语，根据语境可知，此处表示“保护我们自己”，应用反身代词，故填ourselves。 Passage 7 阅读理解 Did you notice our planet is running a serious fever? Scientists warn that by 2035, we might cross a critical point: if global temperature rises 2℃ above pre-industrial levels, itˈll be like pressing a "fast-forward" button on disasters. Coastal cities could turn into real-life "water worlds", heatwaves will make us feel like living in an oven, and monster typhoons will regularly be uninvited guests. That 2℃ mark isnˈt random; itˈs the "safety limit" agreed in the Paris Agreement. Crossing it would be like opening Pandoraˈs box: melting Arctic permafrost would release tons of methane (CH4), dying coral reefs would ruin ocean ecosystems, and parts of the world could become unlivable by 2100. Scary, right? But hereˈs the good news: we still hold the reset button. Abandon fossil fuels like coal and oil, and welcome solar, wind, and other green energy allies (盟友)! While renewable energy is growing like a rocket, itˈs still not fast enough. Scientists say we need a 2% annual growth to hit the climate brakes (刹车), but the past 20 years only saw a 3.6% total rise. Thatˈs like climbing stairs at a snailˈs pace—we need to speed up! Raising renewable growth to 5% yearly, way beyond todayˈs pace, could push the climate deadline back a full decade, like hitting "pause" on the countdown clock. Time is slipping fast. "The climate emergency is not a distant threat; itˈs unfolding before our eyes." warns UN Secretary-General António Guterres, "Each year of inaction sharpens the edge of the 2035 cliff, making recovery even harder." Though the window for effective action is narrowing, history has shown humanityˈs capacity for transformative change when united by purpose. The question is not whether we can secure a livable planet for future generations. Itˈs whether we have the resolve to act, starting today. 43.What does "a serious fever" in paragraph 1 represent? A. Collapse of the Earthˈs ecosystem. B. Abnormal orbiting of the Earth. C. Rises in global temperature. D. Discomfort of humans on Earth. 44.What would be the primary result if the 2℃ mark were crossed? A. Coral reefs would die from ocean pollution. B. Massive methane (CH4) would be given off. C. Construction of cities would be accelerated. D. The Paris Agreement would be revised. 45.What do the figures in paragraph 3 mainly indicate about renewable resources? A. Potential benefits. B. Sufficient supply. C. Improper applications. D. Slow production. 46.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Climate Change: Causes and Consequences B. Renewable Energy: The Ultimate Hope for the Future C. A Pressing Reality: The Risks of Going Beyond 2℃ D. The Reset Button: A Milestone in Battling Global Warming 【答案】43.C 44. B 45. D 46. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气温上升超过2℃这一临界值的风险，如引发各种灾难、破坏生态系统等，以及可再生能源发展缓慢的现状，并强调了应对气候变化的紧迫性。 43. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“你是否注意到我们的星球正在‘发高烧ˈ？科学家警告称，到2035年，我们可能会跨越一个临界点：如果全球气温比工业化前的水平升高2℃……”可知，a serious fever指的是全球气温上升，就像地球在发高烧。故选C。 44. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Crossing it would be like opening Pandoraˈs box: melting Arctic permafrost would release tons of methane (CH4), dying coral reefs would ruin ocean ecosystems, and parts of the world could become uninhabitable by 2100.”可知，如果超过2℃的临界点，会释放出大量的甲烷，濒死的珊瑚礁会破坏海洋生态系统，世界部分地区可能会变得无法居住。故选B。 45. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“While renewable energy is growing like a rocket, itˈs still not fast enough. Scientists say we need a 2% annual growth to hit the climate brakes, but the past 20 years only saw a 3.6% total rise. Thatˈs like climbing stairs at a snailˈs pace—we need to speed up!”可知，第三段中的数字主要说明了可再生能源的生产缓慢。故选D。 46. 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了全球气温上升超过2℃这一临界值的风险，如引发各种灾难、破坏生态系统等，以及可再生能源发展缓慢的现状，并强调了应对气候变化的紧迫性。C项“一个紧迫的现实：超过2℃的风险”符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 8 阅读七选五 Lightning is an electric current. Lightning is a bright flash of electricity produced by a thunderstorm (雷暴).  47     If you hear the sound of thunder, then you are in danger of being struck by lightning. Lightning kills and injures more people each year than hurricanes or tornadoes, between 75 and 100 people. It is not possible to have thunder without lightning.  48      However, it is possible that you might see lightning and not hear the thunder because it is too far away. Sometimes this is called "heat lightning" because it occurs most often in the summer.  49      It makes sense that the tallest object is most attractive, because it is the easiest path for the lightning to take. IF YOUˈRE OUTDOORS: Keep an eye out for the sky. Look for darkening skies, flashes of lightning, or increasing winds. Lightning often happens before rain, so donˈt wait for the rain to begin. If you hear the sound of thunder, go to a safe place immediately. The best place to go is a strong building or a car, but make sure the windows of the car are shut. Avoid sheds, picnic areas, baseball dugouts and bleachers (露天看台).  50     IF YOUˈRE INDOORS: Avoid water. Itˈs a great conductor of electricity, so do not take a shower, wash your hands, wash the dishes or do the laundry.  51     Lightning may strike exterior (外部的) phone lines. Do not use electric equipment like computers and appliances during a storm. Stay away from windows and doors. A．Remember to avoid metal. B．Do not use a wired telephone. C．Lightning safety is always the first. D．Thunder is a direct result of lightning. E．Lightning usually strikes the tallest object. F．All thunderstorms and lightning are very dangerous. G．Seek shelter in a low-lying area if thereˈs no better choice. 【答案】47.F 48. D 49.E 50.G 51.B 【解析】【解题导语】  文章主要介绍了自然界中的闪电现象，包括它的定义、特点以及遇到闪电时在室内和室外的一些做法和建议。 47.空前一句指出闪电是由雷暴产生的明亮电光，空后又说明了如果你听到雷声，那么你就有被闪电击中的危险。由此可推知，空处应说明雷暴和闪电都很危险。F项“所有的雷暴和闪电都是非常危险的”承上启下，符合语境。 48. 空前一句指出没有闪电就不可能有雷声，空后一句则表示转折，说明你也许会看到闪电而没有听到雷声，那是因为它太远了。故空处应说明闪电和雷声的具体关系，D项“雷声是闪电的直接结果”解释说明了没有闪电就没有雷声的原因。 49.空处是段首句，应概括本段主旨。空后解释了闪电击中最高的物体的原理。E项“闪电通常击中最高的物体”说明本段内容，引出下文的解释。 50.空处位于段尾，应紧密承接上文。根据空前一句“Avoid sheds, picnic areas, baseball dugouts and bleachers (露天看台)”可知，这些地点在雷雨天气下并不安全。因此，空处应强调如果找不到更好的避难场所可以选择的替代方案。G项“如果没有更好的选择，可以在低洼地区寻求遮蔽”符合语境。 51. 上文中的“Avoid water… do the laundry”说明了遇到闪电时如果你在室内要避开水，不要淋浴、洗手、洗碗和洗衣服。下文中的“Do not use electric equipment… from windows and doors”提到不要使用电器，远离窗户和门。这都是在列举闪电时在室内的注意事项。同时结合空后的“Lightning may strike exterior (外部的) phone lines”可知，闪电可能会击中外部电话线，故空处应说明针对这种情况的注意事项，B项“不要使用有线电话”和上下文是并列关系，符合语境。 迁移应用篇 一、根据要求完成句子 1.这栋楼依旧耸立在那里，仿佛从未被地震破坏过。（as if, damage） The building still stands there,   ______________________________  by the earthquake. 2. 即将要发表英语演讲，她感到喉咙发紧，紧张得一句话也说不出来。（too… to…） About to deliver her English speech, she felt her throat tighten and___________________________ . 3. 我们正围坐在篝火(campfire)旁分享故事，这时突然刮起了风，把火吹灭了。(be doing...when...)     ___________________________________________________________ the wind suddenly picked up, putting the fire out. 4. 规律锻炼会让我们更容易保持健康和活力。(make it + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.) Taking exercise regularly will  _________________________________________healthy and active. 5.After the sudden earthquake, the once busy village _________________________(成了一片废墟), with most buildings fallen and streets filled with broken stones. 【答案】1.as if it had never been damaged 2. was too nervous to say a word 3.We were sitting around the campfire and sharing stories when 4. make it much easier for us to keep 5.lay in ruins/was in ruins 二、应用文写作 假设你是学生会主席李华，你校邀请地震专家李教授来校做了有关地震防灾知识方面的讲座。请你写一封邮件，把讲座的情况告诉请假未听讲座的交换生Tom，内容包括以下要点：(1)讲座的时间、地点；(2)讲座内容；(3)你的看法。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Tom, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Tom, How are you today? I'm writing to share with you the information about the speech given by Professor Li . Professor Li, a famous expert on earthquakes, delivered a speech on how to survive during an earthquake in the school hall on Friday afternoon. From his speech, we have recognized that if one knows how to behave when an earthquake strikes, the chance to survive will be greatly improved. He taught us a lot of self-rescue skills. For example, the most important is to stay calm and quickly move to a safe place. If trapped indoors, stay there and hide under a strong desk or table as a protecting shelter. If trapped outdoors , move into the open air where falling objects are unlikely to strike us . In summary, the speech is of great help and all of us need to know what to do during an earthquake. Yours, Li Hua $Unit 4 Natural Disasters 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 The emperor penguin, an icon of Antarctica, has been declared an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Its status was changed from “near threatened” to “endangered” as climate change pushes this bird closer to extinction. This decision highlights the serious threat that global warming presents to ice-dependent species. Emperor penguins rely on sea ice to live, hunt and breed. The early break-up and loss of these frozen ocean platforms have caused their numbers to plummet. The IUCN predicts that climate-driven changes in sea ice could cut the population by half by the 2080s. Philip Trathan, part of the IUCN expert group, stated, “We concluded that human-induced climate change poses the most significant threat to emperor penguins.” On the IUCN Red List, which ranks species’ extinction risk, “endangered” is only two steps away from “extinction in the wild,” meaning a species survives only in captivity, living under human care in zoos and parks. The largest of all penguins, emperor penguins have a brilliant golden-orange patch on their neck and chest. They breed on sea ice in the dead of winter; the males keep eggs warm beneath their feet. The sea ice also provides a habitat for chicks and is essential when they replace their feathers before becoming waterproof. But climate change is making the sea ice less stable, causing it to retreat or break up early in spring. Satellite images indicate around 20,000 adults — about 10% of the population — disappeared between 2009 and 2018. Christophe Barbraud, a scientist, said, “Since 2016–2017, there has been a significant decrease in the extent of sea ice around Antarctica, and therefore without sea ice, the species will struggle to survive.” Trathan added that emperor penguins are a warning sign. The IUCN also listed the Antarctic fur seal as endangered; its numbers have plunged more than 50% since 1999. Rising ocean temperatures and shrinking sea ice push krill to deeper waters, reducing the seals’ food supply. In addition, the southern elephant seal was moved from “least concern” to “vulnerable” after its population declined due to a deadly contagious disease. 【全文翻译】 帝企鹅是南极洲的标志性物种，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）已将其列为濒危物种。受气候变化影响，这种鸟类愈发濒临灭绝，它的保护级别从“近危”调整为“濒危”。这一决定凸显了全球变暖对依赖海冰生存物种构成的严峻威胁。 帝企鹅依靠海冰生存、觅食与繁衍。海冰提前消融、不断消失，造成帝企鹅数量急剧下降。世界自然保护联盟预测，受气候影响的海冰变化，可能会使帝企鹅种群数量在21世纪80年代减少一半。世界自然保护联盟专家组成员菲利普·特拉森表示：“我们得出结论，人为引发的气候变化是帝企鹅面临的最大威胁。” 世界自然保护联盟红色名录用于划分物种灭绝风险等级，“濒危”距离“野外灭绝”仅相差两个等级。野外灭绝意味着该物种只能人工圈养存活，生活在动物园等场所，依靠人类照料。 帝企鹅是体型最大的企鹅，颈部和胸部带有鲜亮金橙色斑块。它们在隆冬时节于海冰上繁衍；雄性企鹅将蛋置于脚面保温。海冰也是幼企鹅的栖息地，幼企鹅长出防水羽毛前换羽阶段，海冰不可或缺。但气候变化让海冰稳定性下降，春季海冰提早消退、崩解。卫星影像显示，2009至2018年间，约2万只成年帝企鹅（约总种群的10%）消失。科学家克里斯托夫·巴尔布罗称：“2016至2017年以来，南极洲周边海冰面积大幅缩减，因此一旦失去海冰，这一物种将难以生存。” 特拉森补充道，帝企鹅敲响了警钟。世界自然保护联盟同时将南极毛皮海豹列为濒危物种；自1999年以来，其数量锐减超过50%。海水升温、海冰缩减迫使磷虾迁往更深海域，海豹的食物来源随之减少。此外，南象海豹因致命传染病导致种群数量下降，保护级别从“无危”调整为“易危”。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. extinction 灭绝 2. endangered species 濒危物种 3. global warming 全球变暖 4. sea ice 海冰 5. plummet （数量、水平）急剧下降 6. human-induced climate change 人为导致的气候变化 7. shrink 缩小，缩减 8. retreat （海冰、冰川）消退 9. break up 崩解，碎裂 10. habitat loss 栖息地丧失 11. contagious disease 传染性疾病 12. climate-driven 气候引发的 13. threat 威胁 14. vulnerable 脆弱的；易受危害的 15. population decline 种群数量下降 16. ocean temperature 海水温度 17. environmental condition 环境条件 18. species 物种 19. prediction 预测 20. dependent on 依赖于…… 【长难句分析】 1. The IUCN predicts that climate-driven changes in sea ice could cut the population by half by the 2080s. 句意：世界自然保护联盟预测，由气候引发的海冰变化可能会在21世纪80年代使帝企鹅种群数量减少一半。 分析：The IUCN predicts that引导宾语从句；climate-driven为形容词作前置定语；固定短语cut … by half 减少一半。 2.But climate change is making the sea ice less stable, causing it to retreat or break up early in spring. 句意：：但是气候变化使得海冰稳定性下降，导致海冰在春季提前消退或者崩解。 分析：主句运用make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构；causing it to retreat… 现在分词短语作结果状语，表气候变化带来的后果。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 阅读理解 The next big volcanic disaster is more likely to come from sleeping volcanoes that are hardly monitored (监测), rather than famous ones like Etna or Yellowstone. Why are "quiet" volcanoes more dangerous? This is partly because of common human bias (偏见). Many people think that something that has been quiet will stay quiet. If a volcano hasnˈt erupted for a long time, people often naturally consider it is safe. If people can quickly picture an event in their mind, they think itˈs more likely to happen. This is a quick trick of the mind. Well-known volcanoes or eruptions, such as the Icelandic ash cloud from 2010, are familiar and can feel threatening (威胁的), while remote volcanoes with no recent eruptions seldom register at all. The bias creates a dangerous problem: we only spend a large amount of money after a disaster has already happened. El Chichón, for example, was only monitored after the 1982 disaster. However, three-quarters of large eruptions (like El Chichón and bigger) come from volcanoes that have been quiet for at least 100 years and, as a result, receive the least attention. We must prepare for volcanoes ahead of time, not just after they erupt. With proper volcano monitoring, with communities prepared to respond, and with cooperation between experts and the government, we can save thousands of lives. Disasters were averted in these ways in 1991 (at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines), in 2019 (at Mount Merapi in Indonesia) and in 2021 (at La Soufrière on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent). To close these gaps, the world needs to pay more attention to under-monitored volcanoes in places such as Latin America, south-east Asia, Africa and the Pacific—places where millions of people live close to volcanoes that have little or no historical record. This is where the greatest risks lie, and where even small amounts of money spent on monitoring, early warning and community preparedness could save the most lives. 1.What can we learn about the common view on sleeping volcanoes? A. It may cause wrong decisions. B. It focuses on recent eruptions. C. It matches scientific guesses. D. It is based on famous volcanoes. 2.What does the underlined word "averted" in paragraph 4 mean? A. Expected. B. Prevented. C. Recorded. D. Contacted. 3.What does the author think of spending money on volcano monitoring? A. It needs to be cut down now. B. It is suitable for developed countries. C. It brings great value at a low cost. D. It requires more international help. 4.What is the best title for the text? A. The Cost of Monitoring Volcanoes Matters B. Why Famous Volcanoes Threaten Us Most C. How Volcanoes Change Human Activities D. The Quiet Volcanoes May Have Great Risks Passage 2 阅读理解 On the basis of a three-year-long study on millions of phones in ninety-eight countries, researchers found the global network of Android smartphones makes a useful earthquake early warning system, which can detect (测出) earthquakes and give users valuable seconds to act before the shaking starts. Many countries have used traditional earthquake early warning systems with networks of earthquake sensors (传感器) to detect quakes and give warnings across the affected area. Building such networks is expensive, and many areas where earthquakes are common do not have them. What they do have, however, is smartphones, which have built-in movement sensors. Using Android smartphones, which make up 70% of the global smartphone market, researchers developed the Android Earthquake Alert (警报) (AEA) system. "Although the AEA system is not always as timely as the traditional network detection, it can still detect small shaking during strong earthquakes," says Richard Allen, the leader of the study. Working in the same way as traditional earthquake detection systems, the AEA system will send two types of alerts to the phone after detecting an earthquake. For earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or higher, the system sends "Take Action" alerts to users. These alerts are designed to draw usersˈ attention immediately and remind them to take protective action. It also delivers "Be Aware" alerts to areas expected to experience shaking of magnitude 3 or 4. To test how effective these alerts are, the researchers used search engines to collect voluntary answers. Results from around 15.5 million people showed that 87% of them did experience shaking, with 36% receiving the alerts before the ground began to move, 28% during and 23% after. Now, the researchers are focusing on improving the AEA system. "We think that we can continue to improve the quality of earthquake detection, and also improve on our strategies to deliver effective alerts," says Allen. In the future, Allen and his teammates hope to use the same information to produce other disaster-reducing tools. Maps of ground shaking, for example, could help with the rescue after an earthquake. 5.What is the AEA systemˈs advantage over the traditional way? A. It sends earlier warnings. B. It has smarter sensors. C. It detects smaller quakes. D. It requires less money. 6.What decides the type of alert? A. The result of the earthquake. B. The location of the earthquake. C. The reason for the earthquake. D. The magnitude of the earthquake. 7.What do Allenˈs words mean in paragraph 5? A. Technological advances prevent disasters. B. Research on earthquakes is in great demand. C. The alert system needs further development. D. Quality of rescue tools requires improvement. 8.What is the purpose of the text? A. To introduce a warning system. B. To let the public learn about safety. C. To compare two types of alerts. D. To research a disaster rescue tool. Passage 3 完形填空 During the day, I heard something happened at the Twin Towers. But nobody seemed to really  9    what was going on. Not until school let out did I realize something might be  10   . My dad usually 11   me up, but he wasnˈt there. My dad was a firefighter. His   12   was less than a mile from the Twin Towers. The Twin Towers had been attacked, and my dad had gone there to  13  . I remember only bits and pieces, like my mom calling hospitals all over New York City,  14  to find my dad. Hopelessly, she told me that he was probably  15   We didnˈt learn exactly what had happened to him until much later. We 16  that he had sent a radio message at 9:56 am when he and hundreds of other  17  firefighters were in the burning South Tower, saving as many people as possible. Just three minutes later, the tower  18   . Nineteen years later, I still  19   my dad every day. He instilled(灌输) in me a   20    for my community, and his  21   encouraged me to volunteer. Looking back, I donˈt think only of the sad  22  . I also remember the great acts of people,  23    my dad, proud to call him my hero. 9.A. guarantee B. know C. witness D. care 10.A. powerless B. enthusiastic C. urgent D. wrong 11.A. shifted B. waved C. disappeared D. picked 12.A. mission B. station C. region D. occasion 13.A. help B. state C. refresh D. cease 14.A. appealing B. evaluating C. hoping D. promising 15.A. mistaken B. shot C. gone D. ignored 16.A. found out B. picked out C. made sure D. made sense 17.A. anxious B. faithful C. courageous D. aggressive 18.A. broke down B. fell down C. shut down D. sat down 19.A. miss B. protest C. quote D. worry 20.A. love B. emotion C. resolution D. passion 21.A. patience B. carefulness C. bravery D. wisdom 22.A. lesson B. event C. challenge D. option 23.A. especially B. entirely C. exactly D. absolutely Passage 4 阅读理解 Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The townˈs residents（居民）enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful lives were turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routines, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out in the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the grip of a powerful hurricane. The hurricaneˈs fierce winds tore through the town, tearing roofs off and uprooting trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The townˈs emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They drove boats through the flooded streets and moved people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruin and despair（绝望）. After the hurricane, Havenbrookˈs residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their lives. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery（恢复）process. Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins. 24.What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A. The residents sensed the coming storm. B. The residents were unprepared for daily life. C. The residents often experienced natural disasters. D. The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster. 25.Whatˈs the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The residents started rescue work. B. The residents left their homes hopefully. C. The hurricane arrived without any warning. D. The hurricane caused serious damage and fear. 26.How did the townˈs emergency services react to the disaster? A. They sent people to safety by using boats. B. They ignored the situation and did nothing. C. They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action. D. They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm. 27.What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Difficult. B. Happy. C. Effortless. D. Annoying. 27.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of sports records broken by well-known athletes over time. B. The differences between present-day athletes and those in earlier times. C. How sports psychology works to help athletes enhance their performance. D. Human bodyˈs potential can keep expanding with better training and support. Passage 5 阅读七选五 Some True Recovery After Disasters When a disaster strikes, the immediate focus is on search and rescue and delivering urgent supplies to those in need. What is often overlooked is the long shadow cast on a community's collective psyche—the hidden pain that lasts far longer than severely broken buildings and collapsed roads.   28   True recovery is not just about rebuilding what was lost, but about healing what cannot be seen. Many people believe that aid work ends when the last supply truck departs and temporary shelters are closed.  29   In reality, the most critical phase begins when the world's attention moves on: helping survivors rebuild identity, restore trust in failed systems, and prepare for future crises without helplessness. A core principle of ethical aid is that survivors must be the solution's center, not passive receivers of charity.   30   Too often, external groups arrive with pre-packaged plans ignoring local traditions or unique community needs. True empowerment means listening first, then acting with, not for, the community.  31    Disasters expose deep inequalities: disadvantaged groups are hardest hit and last to get aid, though they bear least responsibility for disasters' root causes. Recovery ignoring these inequalities keeps harmful systems in place that deepen suffering. Of course, equal recovery faces tough challenges.  32   Governments put economic growth before schools and hospitals; international aid often ties to political agendas. Yet community-led recovery creates sustainable, resilient solutions that stand the test of time. A．Weak groups need rights and resources they never had. B．Homes built and people fed are poor standards for true recovery. C．Respect local expertise and let communities lead their own decisions. D．Systemic barriers are the biggest problem for recovery, not disaster damage. E．Beyond destruction, disasters reveal some unpleasant truths about modern societies. F．This narrow view ignores the long-term work of healing and empowerment for survivors. G．These hidden pains can slow down the whole community's recovery for many long years. Passage 6 篇章语法填空 Natural disasters are events caused by nature that can cause a lot of damage. They can harm the environment, destroy buildings, 33          even take lives. Itˈs important to know about them so we can be prepared. A common natural disaster is the earthquake. Earthquakes happen when the ground 34         (shake) because of movements in the Earthˈs crust (地壳). This shaking can cause buildings and roads   35            (fall) down, leading to injuries and deaths. Another36   (power) natural disaster is the hurricane. Hurricanes are strong   37           (storm) that form warm ocean waters. They bring heavy rain,  38           can cause flooding and damage buildings. The Atlantic hurricane season is from June to November, and places like the Caribbean and the southeastern United States  39           (affect) time and time again. Floods are another type of natural disasters that can happen almost anywhere. Flooding occurs when there is too much water,   40           (usual) from heavy rain, overflowing rivers, or melting snow. Floods can damage homes and roads. Even though we cannot stop natural disasters, we can prepare for them. Itˈs important to follow safety guidelines, have  41          first aid kit ready, and stay informed about the risks in your area. By learning about natural disasters, we can better protect  42          (we) and our communities. Passage 7 阅读理解 Did you notice our planet is running a serious fever? Scientists warn that by 2035, we might cross a critical point: if global temperature rises 2℃ above pre-industrial levels, itˈll be like pressing a "fast-forward" button on disasters. Coastal cities could turn into real-life "water worlds", heatwaves will make us feel like living in an oven, and monster typhoons will regularly be uninvited guests. That 2℃ mark isnˈt random; itˈs the "safety limit" agreed in the Paris Agreement. Crossing it would be like opening Pandoraˈs box: melting Arctic permafrost would release tons of methane (CH4), dying coral reefs would ruin ocean ecosystems, and parts of the world could become unlivable by 2100. Scary, right? But hereˈs the good news: we still hold the reset button. Abandon fossil fuels like coal and oil, and welcome solar, wind, and other green energy allies (盟友)! While renewable energy is growing like a rocket, itˈs still not fast enough. Scientists say we need a 2% annual growth to hit the climate brakes (刹车), but the past 20 years only saw a 3.6% total rise. Thatˈs like climbing stairs at a snailˈs pace—we need to speed up! Raising renewable growth to 5% yearly, way beyond todayˈs pace, could push the climate deadline back a full decade, like hitting "pause" on the countdown clock. Time is slipping fast. "The climate emergency is not a distant threat; itˈs unfolding before our eyes." warns UN Secretary-General António Guterres, "Each year of inaction sharpens the edge of the 2035 cliff, making recovery even harder." Though the window for effective action is narrowing, history has shown humanityˈs capacity for transformative change when united by purpose. The question is not whether we can secure a livable planet for future generations. Itˈs whether we have the resolve to act, starting today. 43.What does "a serious fever" in paragraph 1 represent? A. Collapse of the Earthˈs ecosystem. B. Abnormal orbiting of the Earth. C. Rises in global temperature. D. Discomfort of humans on Earth. 44.What would be the primary result if the 2℃ mark were crossed? A. Coral reefs would die from ocean pollution. B. Massive methane (CH4) would be given off. C. Construction of cities would be accelerated. D. The Paris Agreement would be revised. 45.What do the figures in paragraph 3 mainly indicate about renewable resources? A. Potential benefits. B. Sufficient supply. C. Improper applications. D. Slow production. 46.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Climate Change: Causes and Consequences B. Renewable Energy: The Ultimate Hope for the Future C. A Pressing Reality: The Risks of Going Beyond 2℃ D. The Reset Button: A Milestone in Battling Global Warming Passage 8 阅读七选五 Lightning is an electric current. Lightning is a bright flash of electricity produced by a thunderstorm (雷暴).  47     If you hear the sound of thunder, then you are in danger of being struck by lightning. Lightning kills and injures more people each year than hurricanes or tornadoes, between 75 and 100 people. It is not possible to have thunder without lightning.  48      However, it is possible that you might see lightning and not hear the thunder because it is too far away. Sometimes this is called "heat lightning" because it occurs most often in the summer.  49      It makes sense that the tallest object is most attractive, because it is the easiest path for the lightning to take. IF YOUˈRE OUTDOORS: Keep an eye out for the sky. Look for darkening skies, flashes of lightning, or increasing winds. Lightning often happens before rain, so donˈt wait for the rain to begin. If you hear the sound of thunder, go to a safe place immediately. The best place to go is a strong building or a car, but make sure the windows of the car are shut. Avoid sheds, picnic areas, baseball dugouts and bleachers (露天看台).  50     IF YOUˈRE INDOORS: Avoid water. Itˈs a great conductor of electricity, so do not take a shower, wash your hands, wash the dishes or do the laundry.  51     Lightning may strike exterior (外部的) phone lines. Do not use electric equipment like computers and appliances during a storm. Stay away from windows and doors. A．Remember to avoid metal. B．Do not use a wired telephone. C．Lightning safety is always the first. D．Thunder is a direct result of lightning. E．Lightning usually strikes the tallest object. F．All thunderstorms and lightning are very dangerous. G．Seek shelter in a low-lying area if thereˈs no better choice. 迁移应用篇 一、根据要求完成句子 1.这栋楼依旧耸立在那里，仿佛从未被地震破坏过。（as if, damage） The building still stands there,   ______________________________  by the earthquake. 2. 即将要发表英语演讲，她感到喉咙发紧，紧张得一句话也说不出来。（too… to…） About to deliver her English speech, she felt her throat tighten and___________________________ . 3. 我们正围坐在篝火(campfire)旁分享故事，这时突然刮起了风，把火吹灭了。(be doing...when...)     ___________________________________________________________ the wind suddenly picked up, putting the fire out. 4. 规律锻炼会让我们更容易保持健康和活力。(make it + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.) Taking exercise regularly will  _________________________________________healthy and active. 5.After the sudden earthquake, the once busy village _________________________(成了一片废墟), with most buildings fallen and streets filled with broken stones. 二、应用文写作 假设你是学生会主席李华，你校邀请地震专家李教授来校做了有关地震防灾知识方面的讲座。请你写一封邮件，把讲座的情况告诉请假未听讲座的交换生Tom，内容包括以下要点：(1)讲座的时间、地点；(2)讲座内容；(3)你的看法。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Tom, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua $