综合专题03 阅读理解说明文（专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语真题题源解密

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读高频题型，通过15篇模拟真题构建从词汇理解到篇章分析的递进训练体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词义猜测|15题（如“bulging”“raiding”）|考查语境词汇推断能力|依托上下文语义线索，建立词汇与篇章主题的关联| |细节理解|15题（如LLMs工作方式）|考查信息定位与筛选能力|遵循“题干关键词→原文定位→选项匹配”的逻辑链条| |推理判断|15题（如作者态度）|考查逻辑分析与合理推断能力|基于文本证据进行因果、观点等深层逻辑推导| |主旨大意|15题（如最佳标题）|考查篇章结构与核心观点概括能力|从段落主题到全文主旨，构建“局部-整体”认知框架|

综合专题03阅读理解说明文 （时间：100分钟，60个小题，每题2分，满分120分） Passage 1 （2026·北京·三模）The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, pursuing the ideas with the biggest spark, was more than 120 years ago, in a period called the Age of Insight. Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight — the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content. Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5, insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance. Because insights are one of the best ways to drive engagement, innovation, and behavior change, the Eureka Scale has broad applications for measuring and improving individual and organizational performance. More importantly, it can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth — both in the moment or afterward. In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale as a way to measure how important ideas are, relative to each other, will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface. 1．What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stabilizing. B．Shifting. C．Exploding. D．Collapsing. 2．According to the passage, how can the possibility of insights be increased? A．By stepping away from electronic devices. B．By relying on technology to receive regular notices. C．By engaging in ongoing social media interactions. D．By participating in additional training and coaching sessions. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights. B．A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information. C．Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight. D．Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations? A．Uncertain. B．Dissatisfied. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic. Passage 2 （2026·北京房山·二模）Over the last decade, millions of people around the world have become aware of the camera trap. The candid images and videos that camera traps produce have been featured in countless documentaries, are widely shared on social media, and have been the focus of hugely popular citizen science projects. Less well known is the fact that the camera trap has a long history that extends back more than 100 years. Over this time, they have gone from being an experimental technology, used by just a handful of people, to a commercialized technology being used by many thousands of photographers, hobbyists, hunters and biologists. The modern camera trap is simply a digital camera connected to an infrared sensor which  can “see” warm objects that are moving, like animals. When an animal moves past the sensor, it  causes the camera to fire, recording an image or video to the memory card for later access.  Camera traps can be left in the field to continuously watch an area of habitat for weeks or even  months, recording the rarest events which occur in nature. This can include everything from a big cat patrolling its territory to the raiding of a bird’s nest by a hunter that targets baby birds. Camera traps are “wildlife friendly”, in that they cause little or no disturbance to wildlife. At the same time,they produce permanent and provable records of animals. Camera traps provide data on species location, population sizes and how species are interacting. They also help us to understand how humans interact with other forms of wildlife. The development of networked camera traps, capable of sending images over phone or satellite networks in near real-time, has provided a new tool to protect wildlife from illegal  hunting. New software tools and statistical models are also making it much easier and faster to  obtain high-quality information from the thousands of images that camera traps can quickly  generate. This is improving our understanding of human impacts on wildlife, and helping land  managers make better decisions at both small and large scales. Despite the great potential of camera traps,there are a number of significant challenges involved in working with them. Small animals are less likely to trigger the cameras, and it can be difficult to identify similar-looking species or specific individuals from a photo or video. One of the main challenges is processing the millions of images generated by cameras. “People are facing major bottlenecks when it comes to turning images or videos into structured data,” says Zachary, a wildlife ecologist. The key to addressing this challenge lies in  building open and collaborative platforms, and efforts are already underway. Then, the potential  goes far beyond that. With such platforms, conservation efforts will follow. 1．What do you know about camera traps from the passage? A．They are used primarily by professional biologists. B．They cause more disturbance than traditional methods. C．They have gained much public attention in recent years. D．They were originally designed for wildlife documentaries. 2．What docs the word “raiding” underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Attacking secretly. B．Guarding quietly. C．Repairing carefully. D．Removing completely. 3．According to the text, networked camera traps can _________. A．help form statistical models more easily and quickly B．get more complex information from the evolving images C．process camera data smoothly through satellite networks D．help fight against illegal hunting with near real-time images 4．As for overcoming the challenge of processing images,the author is _________. A．optimistic B．critical C．cautious D．worried Passage 3 （2026·北京顺义·二模）Large language models (LLMs) are beginning to create a strangely similar experience in thought. You enter a prompt (提示词) that reflects only part of what you mean. The idea may be unclear or incomplete, yet moments later, the LLM returns a paragraph that sharpens your thinking and even lands on an expression that feels surprisingly right: “That’s exactly what I was thinking.” Human thinking typically follows a narrative arc (弧线). Scientists describe the moment when a confusing pattern finally resolves. Writers speak about the satisfaction of finding the right sentence after long revision. Philosophers recall the insight that arrives when a difficult argument settles into place. These moments share a common structure: an unfinished idea moves toward cognitive (认知的) insight. The eventual sense of completion—the aha moment—carries an emotional reward because it follows the effort of thinking. LLMs can reproduce the final moment of that arc with remarkable speed. A prompt that begins as a loose question may return as a polished explanation. The response carries the language of insight, even when the process that normally produces insight never occurred. But there is a cost to this speed. The experience of cognition itself begins to shift: LLMs approach questions very differently from humans. Where a person may encounter uncertainty or wonder whether an answer exists at all, LLMs encounter something else entirely: an incomplete pattern waiting to be filled. When a finished explanation appears with the click of a button, the mind encounters the endpoint of reasoning before it has traveled the path that normally leads there. And when this result feels persuasive, the brain experiences the moment as recognition rather than construction. The sentence LLMs produce seems to capture what we meant to say, and the idea it expresses falls into place with a sense of familiarity. Over time, the distinction between generating a thought and adopting one may become harder to notice. Keep in mind that none of this requires AI to possess understanding or consciousness. The effect arises from language alone. LLMs produce language that carries the structure of thought, and once that signal appears, the brain quickly fills in the rest. The system behaves less like a companion and more like a mirror, reflecting pieces of our thinking and returning them in expanded form. This is where the deeper and more consequential question begins. For the first time in history, people are interacting with a system that can routinely supply fully expressed ideas in response to incomplete ones. AI doesn’t read our thoughts; it completes patterns in language. Yet when the completion feels natural enough, the mind may experience the result as its own thinking. This moment, borrowed if not stolen from humans, may change how thinking feels. 1．What can we learn about LLMs from this passage? A．They experience the process of producing insight. B．They generate thoughts through cognitive processes. C．They carry an emotional reward through thinking hard. D．They settle questions by completing patterns in language. 2．What is the cost of AI-assisted thinking? A．Our thoughts may be controlled. B．Our thoughts may be misunderstood. C．Our thinking pattern will be changed. D．Our thinking pattern will be disordered. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards AI-assisted thinking? A．Disappointed. B．Worried. C．Confused. D．Opposed. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．How AI Enhances the Habits of Thought B．How AI Clouds the Direction of Thought C．How AI Builds Up the Process of Thought D．How AI Cuts Short the Journey of Thought Passage 4 （2026·北京海淀·一模）— 3 tablespoons butter — 2 eggs — 2 medium carrots — 1 small white onion — 3 cloves garlic — 4 cups cooked and chilled rice I bet you didn’t read those numbers. I’ll let you in on a secret — I didn’t either. The ingredients above were copied and pasted from the first online search result for “fried rice recipe”. But, without any disrespect to the recipe’s owner, I can tell you it’s wrong. The only true fried rice recipe is no recipe at all. There are no measurements, no exact instructions, no timer for how long something should sizzle in the pan. There are only smells and feelings and memories. I learned to cook fried rice on the rickety stool covered in stickers, surrounded by the scents of my Grandma’s apron. We used however much leftover rice we had and a combination of anything and everything sitting in the fridge. The kitchen was always a little messy, but that was part of the fun. Yet I’ve always been more of a baker than a cook. I enjoy recipes — I enjoy the process of being exact and finding details, adjusting and leveling and weighing. From a young age, I found comfort in the careful baking recipes in Western cookbooks. But I understand the beauty of spontaneity (即兴) and organic creation. There’s something special in realizing that no two recreations of my grandma’s fried rice will ever be the same, and really, isn’t that what life is? Creation, without recipe? It’s funny. This may contradict everything I’ve written thus far, but the more I bake, the more I realize perhaps baking is spontaneous too. I don’t always need to weigh my flour beforehand in order to get perfect cookies. My signature food is cupcake, but I challenged myself to use a different recipe every time. You’d be surprised at how different cupcakes taste when you add an extra egg, and you’d be especially uncertain about my baking skills if you tried my cupcakes that had way too much baking soda (trial and error…). I’m learning to love going with the flow. It’s not mutually exclusive with loving precision, and it’s such an integral part of my culture; I’d be missing out otherwise. Coming to terms with and embracing the unknown is scary, but I assure you: One day, I’ll master my own fried rice. 1．What does the author think of the fried rice recipe? A．It provides inaccurate details. B．It includes too many ingredients. C．It misses the essence of cooking. D．It contradicts the basics of cuisine. 2．The author enjoys baking because of ______. A．her hope to pass recipes on B．her love of precision and detail C．her interest in a different culture D．her desire to honour family traditions 3．The author’s cupcake experiments made her more ______. A．open-minded B．organized C．confident D．clear-headed 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Fond memories make a dish tasty. B．Precision and creativity are inseparable. C．Creativity prospers where rules end. D．Life doesn’t always come with a recipe. Passage 5 （2026·北京房山·一模）For years, businesses have used different psychological strategies in their advertising to sell products and services. Understanding the psychological factors that motivate people to buy something can help a business sell more of their goods. Businesses use advertising to send a message saying that their product will do more than provide something practical or useful. The message is that the product can help you be a better person or lead a better life as well. One common strategy used in advertising is to appeal to people’s need to imitate or copy someone they admire. This type of advertisement shows a celebrity using a product with the hope that viewers want to look like the celebrity, have the celebrity’s lifestyle, or have the celebrity’s influence, and that purchasing the product will help the buyer achieve these things. For example, a popular actor has been paid to advertise, amongst other things, a car in Germany, clothes in Italy, and coffee in a number of countries. He does not need to be an expert driver, be a fashion designer, or know anything about coffee to make these advertisements successful. Where they are permitted, advertisements for vacation products often rely on appealing to an association with fun and pleasure. The advertisers focus the consumers’ attention on the fun that the characters are seen to be experiencing in their advertisement. These advertisements are aimed at potential vacationers and try to influence the consumer to identify their particular products with the people having fun. This is called “peripheral route advertising” whereas “central route advertising” places the emphasis on the product by stating facts about the product and highlighting the use of the product in the advertisement. The main thing about relying on imitation or aspiration as an advertising strategy is that the consumer must see some advantage in imitating the person in the advertisement. No one will copy behavior just for the sake of it. They do it for enjoyment, self-esteem, or some other benefit. For imitation to work, it must be connected to some stronger appeal. One interesting aspect of imitation is that its effects attenuate with the age of the target audience. Advertisements that rely on imitation are most effective when aimed at teens and preteens and are less effective with young adults. In the face of various advertisements, we consumers should not blindly imitate the person we admire, but choose the right products which fit our genuine needs instead of the wants they create. This critical choice is the basis of wise consumption. 1．What can be inferred from advertisements featuring celebrities? A．They work by satisfying consumers’ psychological needs. B．The celebrities in the ads are professional in the products. C．The success of an ad depends heavily on the fame of the celebrity. D．They ensure their products will offer something practical or useful. 2．Which advertisement is an example of “peripheral route advertising”? A．An assistant is comparing smartphone prices with a chart. B．An expert is explaining the effectiveness of a medicine. C．A family is having a wonderful time at the beach. D．A celebrity is introducing the functions of a car. 3．What does the word “attenuate” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Last. B．Improve. C．Emerge. D．Decrease. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Peripheral route ads are more influential than central route ads. B．Consumers should be critical of emotional wants shaped by ads. C．Advertisers use psychological factors to improve consumers’ lives. D．The psychological strategies used in ads are harmful to consumers. Passage 6 （2026·北京房山·一模）Much remains a mystery about how we look at the world. People constantly move their eyes to fix their gazes on items of interest, making about two to four eye movements every second for some 150,000 motions daily, but it remains uncertain how we choose what to focus on. To investigate how much gaze might vary between people, the researchers had more than 100 adult volunteers seated at computers look at 700 pictures depicting everyday scenes with a variety of items. At the same time, cameras, pointed at the eyes of those participants, helped track their gazes to deduce what they were looking at in each picture. The scientists found that certain types of details, such as faces, text, food, moving objects or touched items, attracted the gazes of some observers more than others. For example, the fraction of a person’s eye movements directed toward faces varied from 17% to 43% among the volunteers. In other words, “the individual tendency to look at faces or text can vary more than twofold from one person to the next,” said study lead author Benjamin de Haas, a neuroscientist at Justus-Liebig University Giessen in Germany. Such trends also proved to be highly consistent — even when volunteers were called back for follow-up sessions two weeks afterward. “This implies the way we look at images is personal. What you see can be different from what I’m seeing, even if we look at exactly the same images,” de Haas said. “Often times, the human is treated as a passive device whose attention can be captured by the image,” said vision scientist Mary Hayhoe at the University of Texas at Austin. This work emphasizes that “in reality, humans are active seekers of information.” The researchers suggested these differences in gaze might have some genetic foundations. For example, they noted that two recent studies from the United States and Sweden found that identical twins had far more similar patterns of eye movements than fraternal (异卵的) twins did. The scientists now plan to explore what impact these differences may or may not have in the real world. “Let’s say your eyes have a particular tendency to be attracted by text,” de Haas said. “Does that mean you’re more easily distracted when driving past a billboard?” These findings suggest that eye-tracking might help reveal new ways to diagnose disorders such as autism, in which people tend to gaze at faces and social cues differently, the researchers said. “The earlier one can pick up on the fact that children are autistic, the earlier one can start them on therapy and training programs, which can prove really important,” Hayhoe said. 1．What can we learn about the eye-tracking experiment? A．Humans are passive receivers of images. B．The way humans look at images varies greatly. C．The pictures used were mainly about abstract items. D．Gaze patterns differed when retested after two weeks. 2．Why does the author mention Mary Hayhoe in Paragraph 5? A．To explain the experiment process. B．To introduce the research purpose. C．To illustrate a practical approach. D．To correct a common belief. 3．Recent studies from the United States and Sweden suggest that ______. A．genes may affect how people direct their eyes B．people’s eyes have a tendency to be attracted by text C．shared living environments make identical twins’ gaze patterns more similar D．fraternal twins have more similar gaze patterns than those of the general population 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Language of Sight B．The Mystery of Rapid Eye Movements C．The Unique Gaze: We See Things Differently D．The Powerful Eye-tracking: We Detect Autism Early Passage 7 （2026·北京门头沟·一模）A new study suggests that the people who reach the top of their fields typically were all involved in multiple disciplines when they were young. Young prodigies (奇才) — the teenage sports stars, the high schoolers bursting into the chess ranks, the kids making scientific discoveries — are usually not the same as late bloomers who reach the pinnacle of their fields in adulthood, according to a new study. And the two groups begin their journeys in very different ways. The study, published on Thursday in the journal Science, found that achievement in youth typically starts with a focus on one thing: A pianist plays no other instrument; a swimmer stays in the pool. But the people who achieve the most later in life typically start with less singular intensity, engaging across multiple disciplines, and less early success. “When comparing performers across the highest levels of achievement,” the researchers wrote, “the evidence suggests that eventual peak performance is negatively associated with early performance.” There are exceptions, of course, those rising stars who end up exploring the outer limits of human capacity. Just look at Simone Biles or Mozart, whose exceptional abilities were evident in childhood. They found that people who reach the pinnacle of their own field — whether athletes, scientists or artists — typically plied (从事) a variety of disciplines in childhood and advanced more slowly, and their eventual field was never a narrow focus from the start. Aaron Clifton, a professor at the Karolinska Institute, noted: “Across very different disciplines, very different profiles, very different skills and very different ages of peak performance, the rate of development of the best performers is very similar.” The patterns were visible between the most leading performers and the people just below them; think Nobel winners and those who were awarded by national-level prize. Both groups are high-achieving, but the people who reach the absolute peak — the Nobel laureates — generally showed the more gradual progression with a later, slower but multidisciplinary start. “There’s something hopeful here for those of us who were not child prodigies,” said Dean Keith Simonton, an emeritus professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis. But the study also has its limitations. The research focused on fields where performance can be measured clearly — sports, music and science. It may not apply to other areas, like business or politics. The researchers were also, importantly, studying the extremes: the very best of the best. These are not random people; they are the ones stuck with their chosen activity. 1．What does the underlined word “pinnacle” in Paragraph 1 mostly mean? A．The new height. B．The severe issue. C．The highest point. D．The point of failure. 2．What can we learn from the research in the passage? A．Adult achievers have great early success. B．Prodigies have higher success than adult achievers. C．Prodigies focus on multiple disciplines in their early age. D．Adult achievers have broad exploration when they’re young. 3．What’s the relationship between early performance and eventual peak performance? A．They are a little associated. B．They are negatively correlated. C．The correlation varies by profession. D．There is no correlation between them. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To highlight the study’s limitations. B．To compare sports and science careers. C．To introduce a new study on peak achievers. D．To criticize the pursuit of early achievements. Passage 8 （2026·北京通州·模拟预测）Is there a secret sauce that helps explain why some people seem so self-assured and cool? A new study that surveyed nearly 6,000 people from 12 countries around the world offers some clues. Coolness is not a widely studied subject. Past research has found that it is usually considered something positive: People who are cool are also friendly, competent, trendy and attractive. But researchers wanted to know what makes a person distinctly “cool” rather than just “good”. They asked the participants to think of specific people: one who is cool, one who is not cool, one who is good, and one who is not good. Then they had the participants evaluate each person by answering questionnaires that measured 15 different attributes. Surprisingly, the participants’ beliefs about what’s “cool” were similar regardless of their nationality, age, income level, education or gender. Across groups, cool people were largely perceived as extroverted, pleasure-seeking, powerful, adventurous, open and autonomous. Though cool and good people did share some common traits, like capability, they are not the same. Being kind, conforming, traditional, secure and conscientious (认真的) were more associated with being good than being cool. Some “cool” traits were not necessarily good at all, like pleasure-seeking. These findings make a strong case that coolness is a mirror that can help observe how people understand and structure their social world. One limitation of the study was that anyone who did not know the word “cool” was left out. As a result, the data cannot show how frequently the word is used in different countries or whether coolness gives people higher social status in some cultures. In addition, while the study included people of many ages, most participants were young, with an average age around 30. Research on coolness suggests that the desire to be cool is particularly strong during adolescence. It influences not only what people buy or whom they admire but also how they talk and what they do for fun. Caleb Warren, one of the authors of the study, has serious doubts about whether this quality is worth pursuing. Coolness that involves risk-taking and being socially premature may offer popularity in youth. However, a 2014 study found that many teenagers who behaved in this way would later struggle in their 20s. “They are doing more extreme things to try to act cool,” Warren said. For the popular kids in school, “status is dominance, visibility, attention,” psychologist Mitch Prinstein said. “But it is how well-liked you are that contributes to long-term success.” Even the most uncool kid will probably fare well if they have at least one close friend, he added. Perhaps coolness — particularly the “too cool for school” variety — isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. 1．What did the researchers do in the new study? A．Conducted a data analysis. B．Predicted a dangerous trend. C．Discovered a new study area. D．Compared groups of all ages. 2．What can be inferred about coolness? A．It is losing its dominance in school life. B．It helps one maintain a long-term success. C．It is associated with virtues all over the world. D．It may lead to blind behavior and other potential harms. 3．What can we learn from the new study? A．Coolness gives people a higher social status. B．People tend to agree that coolness is not good. C．Coolness is commonly regarded as something positive. D．The pursuit of coolness reflects people’s social preference. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Coolness Brings Goodness B．What Makes Someone Cool? C．How to Become Cool at School? D．The Shift of People’s Ideas of Coolness Passage 9 （25-26高三上·北京丰台·期末）Rarely a day goes by that I don’t notice a car traveling east down my quiet one-way street, which runs west. They aren’t breaking the rules on purpose — they’ve just failed to realise they’re making a mistake. And why? If you’re driving the right way, you will notice white arrows on a blue background indicating as much. But if you’re driving the wrong way? Nothing. This is an analogy (类比) of life. When we perform well, we receive vague praise. But when we are wrong? Usually, silence — until failure strikes. Timely, specific criticism is rare before things go badly wrong. Sometimes the signs are in front of us, but we look away. In 2019, two researchers at Chicago’s Booth school, Lauren Adam and Ayelet Fisherman, published an article presenting several studies of the effect of feedback on learning, in which subjects were offered two plausible answers to a difficult question, and invited to pick one. In most cases, this was a guess. After 10 answers, the subjects were either shown all the answers they had got right, or shown all the answers they had got wrong. Logically speaking, since these were all binary questions, that amounts to the same thing. But Adam and Fisherman found that the emotional framing mattered. When people were shown their successes, they learnt — and did better on a follow-up test. When people were shown their failures, they did not improve. The researchers suggest that people don’t much care to think over their errors, and so are quick to move on and forget — especially in an experiment such as this, when the consequences of further errors are trivial. When shown their successes, they pause to savour the moment. This may help to explain why so many of us are faced with the one-way-street problem: everyone is happy to share a friendly word of reassurance, but few people are keen to offer criticism, even when specifically requested. So what to do? One tactic is to ask for advice, instead of feedback. A Harvard Business School study found that asking for advice prompts more critical, actionable comments focused on future improvements. Another approach, demonstrated by psychologist Adam Grant, involves a two-step process: first, ask for a rating (e.g., “9 out of 10”), then follow up with, “What would make it a 10?” This encourages constructive suggestions. But constructive feedback of a more general nature remains difficult to achieve. One idea I’ve played with recently has become popular in tabletop role-playing games — it’s called “stars and wishes”. After a game, I ask players for “stars” (moments they enjoyed) and “wishes” (things they’d like to see next time). Wishes create a friendly space for constructive ideas — even if not all responses are actionable, the act of asking encourages people to share honest thoughts I might otherwise miss. In the end, I learn more by framing feedback as “wishes” than by staying silent. I’m not sure how your boss would respond to a request for “stars and wishes”, but the spirit is the right one. If we want timely, useful criticism from others, we must be clever in how we ask for it. Otherwise our colleagues will be as tactfully uncommunicative as those non-existent signs for those driving the wrong way down my street. 1．The author uses the “one-way street” analogy mainly to illustrate ________. A．the intentional design of misleading systems B．a common problem in urban traffic planning C．people’s tendency to ignore clear instructions D．the lack of guidance for those making mistakes 2．The underlined phrase “emotional framing” in Paragraph 4 most probably means ________. A．the emotional response held back by feedback B．the influence of prior experiences on feedback C．the way feedback is presented to affect perceptions D．the identical feedback to answers to binary questions 3．What can be inferred about feedback from the passage? A．Asking for advice is the first step towards useful feedback. B．People may consider giving negative feedback ineffective. C．The “stars and wishes” method guarantees honest feedback. D．Constructive suggestions make people willing to give feedback. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why feedback always fails us. B．How we obtain constructive criticism. C．What helps set up the feedback system. D．Where constructive criticism comes from. Passage 10 （2026·北京·一模）Too Much Information Computer hackers, in order to get more secret information, constantly improve at breaking into cyberdefenses (网络防御系统) to steal valuable documents. So some researchers propose using an artificial-intelligence algorithm (算法) to hopelessly confuse them, once they break in, by hiding the real deal in a mountain of misleading documents and information. The algorithm, called Word Embedding-based Fake Online Repository Generation Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decoys of patents under development. If hackers were after, say, the recipe for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a sea of false documents. This could mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end ones. “The name of the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its developer, Dartmouth College Cyber Security researcher. “Pain those stealing from you. ” Subrahmanian says he tackled this project after reading that companies are unaware of new kinds of cyberattacks for an average of 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almost a year to decamp with all our documents, patents and intellectual property, ”he says. “They have stolen almost everything. It’s not just the crown jewels-it’s the crown jewels, and the jewels of the cleaning lady, and the watch of the secretary!” The documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden traps to confuse hackers, says Rachel Tobac, CEO of SocialProof Security. These documents might alert security when accessed. Companies have typically used human-created false copies for this strategy. But now the algorithm is able to do that for us. The system produces convincing traps by searching through a document for key words. For each one it finds, it calculates a list of related concepts and replaces the original term with one chosen at random. The process can produce dozens of documents that contain no patent information but still look credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked computer science and chemistry graduates to evaluate real and false patents from their respective fields. And the humans found the WE-FORGE-created documents highly believable. WE-FORGE might eventually expand its boundary. Both Subrahmanian and Tobac think this research will attract commercial interest. “I could definitely see an organization investing in this type of product ” Tobac says. “If this creates believable decoys without releasing sensitive details within those traps, then I think you’ve got a huge with there. ” 1．What does the underlined word “decoys” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Misleading documents. B．Original terms. C．Computer operating systems. D．Cyber securities. 2．In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______. A．the unreliability of the network B．the wealth of the companies C．the greediness of hackers D．the variety of intellectual property 3．What can we learn about WE-FORGE? A．It will sound alarm upon being operated. B．It is profitable for the users by avoiding their loss. C．It has attracted investors for its application in many fields. D．It can compose irrelevant concepts in the false documents. 4．What do we know about the documents created by WE-FORGE? A．They are more reliable than human-created false copies. B．They can be identified as fake by experts in specific fields. C．They are designed to release sensitive information while confusing hackers. D．They are created by replacing key words with randomly selected related concepts. Passage 11 （2026·北京·一模）AI for Everyone: The Rise of Affordable Smart Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) was once a luxury limited to big tech companies. Building advanced AI models used to require millions of dollars in computing power and teams of top engineers. But today, a new wave of affordable AI is changing the game, making this technology accessible to small businesses, schools, and even individual users. Chinese tech start-up DeepSeek made headlines in 2025 with its open-source AI model. Unlike expensive competitors, this model delivers similar performance in tasks like coding, math problem-solving, and language translation — yet it costs only a fraction of the price to develop. The company revealed that training the AI required less than $6 million in computing resources, which is 10 times cheaper than what major tech giants spend on their latest systems. This breakthrough has challenged the old idea that only big companies can afford cutting-edge AI. What’s more, DeepSeek has made the model’s core framework open to the public, allowing developers and researchers to modify and upgrade it for free, thus speeding up the innovation of AI applications in various fields. Affordable AI is already making a difference in daily life. In rural schools, AI tutors help students with personalized learning plans, filling gaps in subjects where teachers are in short supply. Small shops use AI tools to analyze customer preferences and manage inventory more efficiently, reducing waste and increasing profits. Even healthcare clinics in remote areas benefit — AI-powered apps can now assist doctors in diagnosing common diseases by analyzing medical data, enabling timely treatment for patients who live far from big hospitals. However, this progress comes with questions. Experts warn about potential risks like data privacy and unfair competition. As more people use AI, protecting personal information becomes increasingly important. There are also concerns that some jobs might be replaced by automation, especially those involving repetitive manual work. But most experts agree that the key lies in finding a balance: using AI to improve lives while setting clear rules to guide its development. Governments around the world are also exploring policies to regulate AI use, ensuring that the technology serves the public good rather than just a small group of interests. From expensive laboratory projects to everyday tools, AI has come a long way. As affordable AI continues to grow, it promises to bring more innovation and convenience to the world — proving that advanced technology doesn’t have to come with a high price tag. 1．How much did it cost to train DeepSeek’s AI model? A．Less than $6 million. B．Exactly $6 million. C．10 million dollars. D．More than $60 million. 2．What does the underlined word “inventory” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．The total amount of money a shop earns. B．The stock of goods a shop has for sale. C．The list of customers a shop serves. D．The rules a shop follows for management. 3．Which of the following is a practical use of affordable AI according to the passage? A．Replacing all teachers in rural schools. B．Helping big tech companies earn more money. C．Stopping all data privacy problems. D．Assisting doctors in diagnosing common diseases. 4．What can we infer from the passage about affordable AI? A．It has solved all the problems of traditional AI. B．It is only used by small businesses and schools. C．It brings both benefits and challenges to society. D．It will completely replace human workers in the future. Passage 12 （24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 1．People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A．more brain energy consumption B．the complexity of computations C．the higher level of difficulty D．new coordination of brain parts 2．The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A．support a solution B．present a case C．analyze the causes D．challenge an assumption 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Overestimation promotes efficiency. B．Personal perception determines motivation. C．Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D．Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 4．Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A．Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B．Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C．Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D．Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. Passage 13 （25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）As urbanization speeds up worldwide, cities are facing a growing challenge: how to deal with wastewater safely and cheaply. Traditional treatment plants work well but cost much to build and run, and they use a lot of energy. In recent years, constructed wetlands (人工湿地) have become a popular green solution, but their cleaning ability is often undervalued or not fully understood. A constructed wetland is a man-made system where plants, soils and microorganisms work together to clean polluted water. Wastewater from cities, farms or factories flows slowly through the wetland. Plants take in harmful nutrients, soil catches small pollutants, and tiny microbes break down dangerous chemicals into harmless substances. This natural process needs little energy and creates little waste, making it environmentally friendly and low-cost. However, a study by environmental scientists points out a common problem: most constructed wetlands are designed too simply. They fail to consider different pollutants and seasonal temperature changes. In winter, for example, microbial activity drops greatly, so cleaning efficiency falls by more than 40 percent in many cold-area wetlands. To solve this, the research team developed an improved constructed wetland. They added a special heat-keeping layer under the soil and chose cold-resistant plants and microbes. In tests, the new system kept a high cleaning rate even below zero. It could remove 92 percent of nitrogen and 87 percent of phosphorus from wastewater, much higher than traditional systems. Scientists also found that biodiversity plays a key role. A wetland with more plant and microbial species cleans better. It not only treats water but also provides homes for birds and small animals, turning polluted areas into lively urban green spaces. Of course, constructed wetlands are not perfect. They need more land than treatment plants and take time to fully work. Yet with further research, they could become an important part of city environmental planning. For greener cities, this natural technology offers a simple, effective and sustainable answer. 1．What is the advantage of constructed wetlands over traditional treatment plants? A．They take up less space. B．They are energy-saving and low-cost. C．They work more efficiently in all cases. D．They need no microorganisms to function. 2．What can we infer about the improved constructed wetland? A．It solves all seasonal problems of traditional ones. B．It depends on high-energy equipment to work. C．It performs well even in cold conditions. D．It has been widely used in cities worldwide. 3．What does the underlined word “sustainable” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Able to last long. B．Easy to operate. C．Completely modern. D．Truly creative. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to Build a Perfect City Wetland B．Constructed Wetlands: A Green Wastewater Solution C．The Biodiversity in Urban Wetlands D．Wastewater: A Growing Urban Challenge Passage 14 （2026·北京石景山·一模）For a long period, many parents have assumed that additional mathematics exercises and an increased number of after-school classes represent the most reliable route to improving a child’s prospects. More recently, however, a research team at the University of Melbourne has directed attention to a different type of educational experience: sustained participation in school-based arts programmes. Their ten-year longitudinal study indicates that regular engagement in the arts is associated with enhanced emotional well-being, greater social confidence and higher levels of engagement with academic work. The researchers tracked nearly 8,500 students from Grade 3 through Grade 12. At two-year intervals, the students reported the frequency with which they joined school bands, took part in theatrical performances, contributed to designing stage sets or posters, or attended art clubs after school. At the same time, teachers systematically documented observable changes in classroom behaviour, including whether students completed homework on time, participated in group discussions or displayed disruptive conduct during lessons. When the team compared students from broadly similar family backgrounds, a consistent pattern emerged. Those who participated in arts activities at least once a week were, on average, less anxious and more optimistic about their future than peers who rarely took part. Students in the arts-participation group were also more likely to remain in school through to graduation and to report that “school is a place where I belong.” The researchers then sought to explore potential mechanisms underlying these outcomes. Interviews with students pointed to several contributory factors. Rehearsing (排练) for a concert or a play, for instance, required them to manage their time carefully, attend to the views of others and tolerate feedback in the presence of their peers. Some quieter students reported discovering that they could communicate strong emotions through a role on stage or through the use of colour and form on a canvas (画布). The study stops short of presenting arts education as a simple guarantee of success. Even so, the authors contend that when schools reduce provision in music or art in order to create additional time for test preparation, they may unintentionally remove one of the few environments in which certain students feel recognised and valued. On this basis, the researchers recommend that schools maintain a basic level of arts provision, particularly in communities experiencing economic pressure. 1．What can be inferred about school arts activities? A．It leads to higher marks in school subjects. B．It gives students a stronger sense of belonging. C．It takes the place of academic support after class. D．It is designed for students from well-off families. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Arts education has limited value in exam-driven systems. B．Test practice changes when schools increase arts activities. C．Parents are the force behind the reduction of arts programmes. D．Cutting arts provision has side effects that are easy to overlook. 3．What does the author mainly do in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Present a research project and its implications. B．Compare different types of after-school classes. C．Highlight a viewpoint with various after-school activities. D．Challenge a common belief through interviews with students. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How school arts education aids students’ development. B．How exam pressure changes parents’ assumptions for education. C．How students gradually lose their motivation for communication. D．How researchers record and assess students’ after-school behaviours. Passage 15 （2026·北京朝阳·一模）Whether artists or scientists, investigators strike out from what is known to brave the unknown in acts of creative discovery. Think of artists and scientists as users of three modes of discovery: knowing, seeing, and telling. We are all seeking knowledge — epistemologists who question what we think we know, how we come to know it, and whether we can prove what we think we know. Meanwhile, we are all seers — aestheticists who confront what we perceive in natural and created appearances. Finally, we are all tellers and listeners — narrativists who tell about what we have found and listen to the findings of others. The epistemologist’s attention to knowing resonated (引起共鸣) in physicist Andrea Califano’s precision-medicine discoveries in cancer biology. His philosopher-physicist mind is the creative ground to discover new treatments for cancer. “A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. There’s nothing magical about what we do. It’s just that nobody had kind of thought of cancer in this way,” said Califano. The aestheticists want to face the material world with all the capacities of the human to see and imagine. Tissue engineer Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic exposed the creative powers of aesthetics in the practice of a scientist. It was the novel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea of her work as “sliding planes”: “Each of the sliding planes is a body of knowledge. Then they travel past each other, and somehow connect with each other. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the fourth plane was the time. That is how the book was constructed, I believe, and this is how we do science.” Knowing and seeing require connections between the internal world of the seer or knower, the external world of the seeable and knowable, and the world of witnesses who receive what becomes seen or known. These connections, what I call “telling”, are achieved through narrative acts like speech. It creates a network, bridging from person to person. Nabila El-Bassel, an international leader in studying the most hard-to-deal-with global health problems, confirmed the necessity of listening to all “telling” voices. El-Bassel and her teams are listeners of their subjects’ lived experiences, making sure that suffering individuals are heard and valued. Recognising the fundamental roles of epistemology, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avoids costly oppositions between arts and sciences. With all three discovery modes engaged, scientists gradually recognise why suffering matters, how delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and how urgent medicine’s mission is. Health care’s response to disease could then embrace the pursuit to comprehend phenomena deep within the cell and to face up to social issues vast across the Earth. 1．What does the word “hindsight” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Innovative mindset. B．Blind-minded thinking. C．Long-term perspective. D．Reflective understanding. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．The author has a preference for narrative studies. B．El-Bassel focuses on seeable external phenomena. C．Gordana values tackling problems from diverse angles. D．Califano’s breakthrough sets ground for cancer biology. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Integration of art and science is hard to achieve. B．Three discovery modes can balance sickness and health. C．Meeting social needs is as vital as doing biological studies. D．Medical research helps realise the role of three discovery modes. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Art of Science: Knowing, Seeing, and Telling B．Three Modes of Discovery: Can Artists Be Scientists? C．A Costly Conflict: The Battle Between Art and Science D．The Medicine’s Mission: Are Scientists Brave to Complete? 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综合专题03阅读理解说明文 （时间：100分钟，60个小题，每题2分，满分120分） Passage 1 （2026·北京·三模）The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, pursuing the ideas with the biggest spark, was more than 120 years ago, in a period called the Age of Insight. Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight — the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content. Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5, insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance. Because insights are one of the best ways to drive engagement, innovation, and behavior change, the Eureka Scale has broad applications for measuring and improving individual and organizational performance. More importantly, it can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth — both in the moment or afterward. In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale as a way to measure how important ideas are, relative to each other, will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface. 1．What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stabilizing. B．Shifting. C．Exploding. D．Collapsing. 2．According to the passage, how can the possibility of insights be increased? A．By stepping away from electronic devices. B．By relying on technology to receive regular notices. C．By engaging in ongoing social media interactions. D．By participating in additional training and coaching sessions. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights. B．A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information. C．Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight. D．Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations? A．Uncertain. B．Dissatisfied. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了信息时代的到来以及洞察力对创新的重要性。信息的数量不断增加，但并不一定能刺激创新的提升。洞察力是创新的基础，通过Eureka量表可以评估洞察力的强度和重要性。为了进入新的洞察力时代，需要找到那些重要想法的空间，以使它们能够浮出水面。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“The Age of Information is mushrooming(信息时代如雨后春笋般出现)”以及“even(甚至)”可知，后文与前文构成递进关系，即信息时代如雨后春笋般生长，甚至可能膨胀。C选项“Exploding.(爆发)”与划线词为同义词。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights.(研究表明，洞察力涉及大脑深处的安静信号，就在意识的表面之下。任何有助于我们注意到安静信号的方法，比如在会议间隙休息，只采用必要的学习方法，或者避免社交媒体等干扰，都可以增加洞察的机会)”可知，静默的信号是产生洞察力的一种方式，因此需要避免一些干扰，比如社交媒体，并且需要适当的间隔来让大脑有机会产生新的想法，即在会议间隙远离电脑可以增加获得洞察力的可能性。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight — the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information.(无论是重大的创新还是细微的改进，都始于一个新想法的产生。通常，这些想法会突然闪现，成为一种顿悟的时刻——这是我们的大脑在现有信息与新信息之间建立起一种新颖联系的结果)”以及第三段中“Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure.(此外，我们还希望提高它们的质量——能够从众多新颖的想法中筛选出具有实际价值的那些，而这类价值往往难以衡量)”以及“Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas.(“尤里卡量表”于2015年推出，它能帮助我们以五分制来评估自身洞察力体验的强度，其表现特征包括强烈的情绪、强烈的动机、记忆优势、后续影响以及后续想法等方面)”可知，对于创新不论大小，都需要很多灵光一现的瞬间产生的想法（洞察力）；同时也需要提高洞察力的质量，从而才能对重大想法进行分类，确定出有真正价值的想法，尤里卡量表以对洞察力的强度进行评估进行确定。因此洞察的数量和质量对创新都至关重要。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content.(然而，随着科技的日益普及，找到这些安静的信号变得越来越有挑战性，因为每时每刻都充斥着紧急情况和无穷无尽的内容。)”以及根据最后一段“In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information.(为了让组织能够从新的洞察时代中获益，仅仅试图获取更多数据或者增加我们所获得的洞察数量是不够的。关键在于为从所有信息中涌现出来的最伟大想法留出空间)”以及以及最后一段中“And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface.(而且，如果我们想要进入一个更具洞察力的新时代，我们就必须设计出合适的环境，以便让最深刻的洞察力得以显现出来)”可知，对于创新，仅仅尝试访问更多数据或增加我们产生的洞察数量是不够的，而是应该为从所有信息中脱颖而出的最伟大的想法腾出空间，可是当下随着科技的日益普及，找到这些安静的信号变得越来越有挑战性，故作者对于当下的创新环境是感到不满意的，因此作者呼吁我们必须设计我们的环境，以允许最好的洞察浮出水面。 Passage 2 （2026·北京房山·二模）Over the last decade, millions of people around the world have become aware of the camera trap. The candid images and videos that camera traps produce have been featured in countless documentaries, are widely shared on social media, and have been the focus of hugely popular citizen science projects. Less well known is the fact that the camera trap has a long history that extends back more than 100 years. Over this time, they have gone from being an experimental technology, used by just a handful of people, to a commercialized technology being used by many thousands of photographers, hobbyists, hunters and biologists. The modern camera trap is simply a digital camera connected to an infrared sensor which  can “see” warm objects that are moving, like animals. When an animal moves past the sensor, it  causes the camera to fire, recording an image or video to the memory card for later access.  Camera traps can be left in the field to continuously watch an area of habitat for weeks or even  months, recording the rarest events which occur in nature. This can include everything from a big cat patrolling its territory to the raiding of a bird’s nest by a hunter that targets baby birds. Camera traps are “wildlife friendly”, in that they cause little or no disturbance to wildlife. At the same time,they produce permanent and provable records of animals. Camera traps provide data on species location, population sizes and how species are interacting. They also help us to understand how humans interact with other forms of wildlife. The development of networked camera traps, capable of sending images over phone or satellite networks in near real-time, has provided a new tool to protect wildlife from illegal  hunting. New software tools and statistical models are also making it much easier and faster to  obtain high-quality information from the thousands of images that camera traps can quickly  generate. This is improving our understanding of human impacts on wildlife, and helping land  managers make better decisions at both small and large scales. Despite the great potential of camera traps,there are a number of significant challenges involved in working with them. Small animals are less likely to trigger the cameras, and it can be difficult to identify similar-looking species or specific individuals from a photo or video. One of the main challenges is processing the millions of images generated by cameras. “People are facing major bottlenecks when it comes to turning images or videos into structured data,” says Zachary, a wildlife ecologist. The key to addressing this challenge lies in  building open and collaborative platforms, and efforts are already underway. Then, the potential  goes far beyond that. With such platforms, conservation efforts will follow. 1．What do you know about camera traps from the passage? A．They are used primarily by professional biologists. B．They cause more disturbance than traditional methods. C．They have gained much public attention in recent years. D．They were originally designed for wildlife documentaries. 2．What docs the word “raiding” underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Attacking secretly. B．Guarding quietly. C．Repairing carefully. D．Removing completely. 3．According to the text, networked camera traps can _________. A．help form statistical models more easily and quickly B．get more complex information from the evolving images C．process camera data smoothly through satellite networks D．help fight against illegal hunting with near real-time images 4．As for overcoming the challenge of processing images,the author is _________. A．optimistic B．critical C．cautious D．worried 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章介绍红外触发相机的百年发展历程、工作原理、优势与用途。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Over the last decade, millions of people around the world have become aware of the camera trap. The candid images and videos that camera traps produce have been featured in countless documentaries, are widely shared on social media, and have been the focus of hugely popular citizen science projects.(过去十年间，全球数百万人都了解了红外触发相机（相机陷阱）。它拍摄到的真实抓拍影像和视频大量出现在各类纪录片中，在社交媒体上广为传播，也成了热门公众科学项目的核心)”可知，从文章中我们可以知道红外触发相机近些年获得大量公众关注。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“This can include everything from a big cat patrolling its territory to the raiding of a bird’s nest by a hunter that targets baby birds.(这可能包括各种各样的行为，比如一只大型猫科动物在守护自己的领地，或者一名猎人raiding鸟巢以捕获幼鸟)”可知，捕食者偷袭、袭击鸟巢，捕食雏鸟。由此可知，raiding意为“偷袭”。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The development of networked camera traps, capable of sending images over phone or satellite networks in near real-time, has provided a new tool to protect wildlife from illegal hunting.(联网红外相机能够通过手机或卫星网络近乎实时地传输影像，它的发展为保护野生动物、打击非法捕猎提供了新手段)”可知，联网的红外相机能借助实时影像打击非法捕猎。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The key to addressing this challenge lies in building open and collaborative platforms, and efforts are already underway. Then, the potential goes far beyond that. With such platforms, conservation efforts will follow.(解决这一难题的关键，在于搭建开放共享的协作平台，而且相关工作已经在开展当中。不仅如此，它的潜在价值远不止于此。有了这类平台，野生动物保护工作也会随之推进开展)”可知，解决图片处理难题的相关工作已经开展，未来潜力巨大，作者态度乐观。 Passage 3 （2026·北京顺义·二模）Large language models (LLMs) are beginning to create a strangely similar experience in thought. You enter a prompt (提示词) that reflects only part of what you mean. The idea may be unclear or incomplete, yet moments later, the LLM returns a paragraph that sharpens your thinking and even lands on an expression that feels surprisingly right: “That’s exactly what I was thinking.” Human thinking typically follows a narrative arc (弧线). Scientists describe the moment when a confusing pattern finally resolves. Writers speak about the satisfaction of finding the right sentence after long revision. Philosophers recall the insight that arrives when a difficult argument settles into place. These moments share a common structure: an unfinished idea moves toward cognitive (认知的) insight. The eventual sense of completion—the aha moment—carries an emotional reward because it follows the effort of thinking. LLMs can reproduce the final moment of that arc with remarkable speed. A prompt that begins as a loose question may return as a polished explanation. The response carries the language of insight, even when the process that normally produces insight never occurred. But there is a cost to this speed. The experience of cognition itself begins to shift: LLMs approach questions very differently from humans. Where a person may encounter uncertainty or wonder whether an answer exists at all, LLMs encounter something else entirely: an incomplete pattern waiting to be filled. When a finished explanation appears with the click of a button, the mind encounters the endpoint of reasoning before it has traveled the path that normally leads there. And when this result feels persuasive, the brain experiences the moment as recognition rather than construction. The sentence LLMs produce seems to capture what we meant to say, and the idea it expresses falls into place with a sense of familiarity. Over time, the distinction between generating a thought and adopting one may become harder to notice. Keep in mind that none of this requires AI to possess understanding or consciousness. The effect arises from language alone. LLMs produce language that carries the structure of thought, and once that signal appears, the brain quickly fills in the rest. The system behaves less like a companion and more like a mirror, reflecting pieces of our thinking and returning them in expanded form. This is where the deeper and more consequential question begins. For the first time in history, people are interacting with a system that can routinely supply fully expressed ideas in response to incomplete ones. AI doesn’t read our thoughts; it completes patterns in language. Yet when the completion feels natural enough, the mind may experience the result as its own thinking. This moment, borrowed if not stolen from humans, may change how thinking feels. 1．What can we learn about LLMs from this passage? A．They experience the process of producing insight. B．They generate thoughts through cognitive processes. C．They carry an emotional reward through thinking hard. D．They settle questions by completing patterns in language. 2．What is the cost of AI-assisted thinking? A．Our thoughts may be controlled. B．Our thoughts may be misunderstood. C．Our thinking pattern will be changed. D．Our thinking pattern will be disordered. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards AI-assisted thinking? A．Disappointed. B．Worried. C．Confused. D．Opposed. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．How AI Enhances the Habits of Thought B．How AI Clouds the Direction of Thought C．How AI Builds Up the Process of Thought D．How AI Cuts Short the Journey of Thought 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲的是大型语言模型（LLMs）对人类思维的影响，LLMs能快速给出回复，让人在未经历完整思维过程时就得到结果，即缩短了思维历程。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For the first time in history, people are interacting with a system that can routinely supply fully expressed ideas in response to incomplete ones. AI doesn’t read our thoughts; it completes patterns in language.(人类历史上首次出现这样的情况：人们与一个能够常规性地针对不完整的想法给出完整表达想法的系统进行交互。人工智能并不会读取我们的思想；它只是完成语言中的模式。)”可知，大型语言模型（LLMs）通过完成语言中的模式来解决问题。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“But there is a cost to this speed. The experience of cognition itself begins to shift: LLMs approach questions very differently from humans. Where a person may encounter uncertainty or wonder whether an answer exists at all, LLMs encounter something else entirely: an incomplete pattern waiting to be filled.(但这种速度是有代价的。认知体验本身开始发生转变：大型语言模型处理问题的方式与人类截然不同。当一个人面对不确定性，或怀疑答案是否存在时，大型语言模型所面对的则是完全不同的情形：一个等待填充的不完整模式。)”和最后一段“This moment, borrowed if not stolen from humans, may change how thinking feels.(这一从人类那里“借来”（若非“窃取”）的时刻，可能会改变思维的感觉。)”可知，人工智能辅助思维的代价是我们的思维模式将会改变。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But there is a cost to this speed. The experience of cognition itself begins to shift: LLMs approach questions very differently from humans. Where a person may encounter uncertainty or wonder whether an answer exists at all, LLMs encounter something else entirely: an incomplete pattern waiting to be filled.(但这种速度是有代价的。认知体验本身开始发生转变：大型语言模型处理问题的方式与人类截然不同。当一个人面对不确定性，或怀疑答案是否存在时，大型语言模型所面对的则是完全不同的情形：一个等待填充的不完整模式。)”和最后一段“This moment, borrowed if not stolen from humans, may change how thinking feels.(这一从人类那里“借来”（若非“窃取”）的时刻，可能会改变思维的感觉。)”可知，作者觉得人工智能辅助思考可能改变人类思维模式，由此可知，作者对此是担忧的。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第三段“When a finished explanation appears with the click of a button, the mind encounters the endpoint of reasoning before it has traveled the path that normally leads there. And when this result feels persuasive, the brain experiences the moment as recognition rather than construction. The sentence LLMs produce seems to capture what we meant to say, and the idea it expresses falls into place with a sense of familiarity. Over time, the distinction between generating a thought and adopting one may become harder to notice.(当只需点击一下按钮就能得到一个完整的解释时，大脑在还未走过通常能通往该结果的思维路径之前，就先遇到了推理的终点。而且当这个结果颇具说服力时，大脑会将这一时刻视为识别而非构建。大型语言模型生成的句子似乎捕捉到了我们想要表达的内容，它所表达的想法也带着一种熟悉感而自然就位。久而久之，区分是产生了一个想法还是采纳了一个想法可能会变得越来越难。)”可知，本文主要讲的是大型语言模型（LLMs）对人类思维的影响，LLMs能快速给出回复，让人在未经历完整思维过程时就得到结果，即缩短了思维历程，因此最好的题目是D选项“How AI Cuts Short the Journey of Thought(人工智能如何缩短思维旅程)”。 Passage 4 （2026·北京海淀·一模）— 3 tablespoons butter — 2 eggs — 2 medium carrots — 1 small white onion — 3 cloves garlic — 4 cups cooked and chilled rice I bet you didn’t read those numbers. I’ll let you in on a secret — I didn’t either. The ingredients above were copied and pasted from the first online search result for “fried rice recipe”. But, without any disrespect to the recipe’s owner, I can tell you it’s wrong. The only true fried rice recipe is no recipe at all. There are no measurements, no exact instructions, no timer for how long something should sizzle in the pan. There are only smells and feelings and memories. I learned to cook fried rice on the rickety stool covered in stickers, surrounded by the scents of my Grandma’s apron. We used however much leftover rice we had and a combination of anything and everything sitting in the fridge. The kitchen was always a little messy, but that was part of the fun. Yet I’ve always been more of a baker than a cook. I enjoy recipes — I enjoy the process of being exact and finding details, adjusting and leveling and weighing. From a young age, I found comfort in the careful baking recipes in Western cookbooks. But I understand the beauty of spontaneity (即兴) and organic creation. There’s something special in realizing that no two recreations of my grandma’s fried rice will ever be the same, and really, isn’t that what life is? Creation, without recipe? It’s funny. This may contradict everything I’ve written thus far, but the more I bake, the more I realize perhaps baking is spontaneous too. I don’t always need to weigh my flour beforehand in order to get perfect cookies. My signature food is cupcake, but I challenged myself to use a different recipe every time. You’d be surprised at how different cupcakes taste when you add an extra egg, and you’d be especially uncertain about my baking skills if you tried my cupcakes that had way too much baking soda (trial and error…). I’m learning to love going with the flow. It’s not mutually exclusive with loving precision, and it’s such an integral part of my culture; I’d be missing out otherwise. Coming to terms with and embracing the unknown is scary, but I assure you: One day, I’ll master my own fried rice. 1．What does the author think of the fried rice recipe? A．It provides inaccurate details. B．It includes too many ingredients. C．It misses the essence of cooking. D．It contradicts the basics of cuisine. 2．The author enjoys baking because of ______. A．her hope to pass recipes on B．her love of precision and detail C．her interest in a different culture D．her desire to honour family traditions 3．The author’s cupcake experiments made her more ______. A．open-minded B．organized C．confident D．clear-headed 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Fond memories make a dish tasty. B．Precision and creativity are inseparable. C．Creativity prospers where rules end. D．Life doesn’t always come with a recipe. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者认为炒饭无固定食谱，靠感觉与回忆制作。她偏爱烘焙的精准，也逐渐接受即兴创作，明白精准与随性可共存，生活本就没有固定配方。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第四段“The only true fried rice recipe is no recipe at all. There are no measurements, no exact instructions, no timer for how long something should sizzle in the pan. There are only smells and feelings and memories.(唯一正宗的炒饭做法其实根本就没有固定的步骤。没有具体的用量，没有精确的步骤说明，也没有关于食材在锅中翻炒时间的计时器。有的只是各种气味、感受和回忆)”可知，作者认为这份炒饭的食谱忽略了烹饪的精髓所在。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“I enjoy recipes — I enjoy the process of being exact and finding details, adjusting and leveling and weighing.(我喜欢研究食谱 —— 我享受那种精准操作、捕捉细节、不断调整、找平、称重的过程。)”可知，这位作者喜欢烘焙，因为她对精确性和细节有着浓厚的兴趣。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My signature food is cupcake, but I challenged myself to use a different recipe every time.(我的招牌菜（拿手菜）是纸杯蛋糕，但我每次都尝试使用不同的配方来制作)”以及最后一段“I’m learning to love going with the flow.(我正在学着享受顺其自然的生活方式)”可知，作者的纸杯蛋糕实验让她变得更加开明。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“There’s something special in realizing that no two recreations of my grandma’s fried rice will ever be the same, and really, isn’t that what life is? Creation, without recipe?(当意识到我奶奶的炒饭每次的制作方式都不尽相同时，我感到非常惊喜。而说到底，这不正是生活的样子吗？没有固定的模式，却能创造出独一无二的成果)”可知，文章告诉我们生活并非总是有固定的“配方”可循。故选D。 Passage 5 （2026·北京房山·一模）For years, businesses have used different psychological strategies in their advertising to sell products and services. Understanding the psychological factors that motivate people to buy something can help a business sell more of their goods. Businesses use advertising to send a message saying that their product will do more than provide something practical or useful. The message is that the product can help you be a better person or lead a better life as well. One common strategy used in advertising is to appeal to people’s need to imitate or copy someone they admire. This type of advertisement shows a celebrity using a product with the hope that viewers want to look like the celebrity, have the celebrity’s lifestyle, or have the celebrity’s influence, and that purchasing the product will help the buyer achieve these things. For example, a popular actor has been paid to advertise, amongst other things, a car in Germany, clothes in Italy, and coffee in a number of countries. He does not need to be an expert driver, be a fashion designer, or know anything about coffee to make these advertisements successful. Where they are permitted, advertisements for vacation products often rely on appealing to an association with fun and pleasure. The advertisers focus the consumers’ attention on the fun that the characters are seen to be experiencing in their advertisement. These advertisements are aimed at potential vacationers and try to influence the consumer to identify their particular products with the people having fun. This is called “peripheral route advertising” whereas “central route advertising” places the emphasis on the product by stating facts about the product and highlighting the use of the product in the advertisement. The main thing about relying on imitation or aspiration as an advertising strategy is that the consumer must see some advantage in imitating the person in the advertisement. No one will copy behavior just for the sake of it. They do it for enjoyment, self-esteem, or some other benefit. For imitation to work, it must be connected to some stronger appeal. One interesting aspect of imitation is that its effects attenuate with the age of the target audience. Advertisements that rely on imitation are most effective when aimed at teens and preteens and are less effective with young adults. In the face of various advertisements, we consumers should not blindly imitate the person we admire, but choose the right products which fit our genuine needs instead of the wants they create. This critical choice is the basis of wise consumption. 1．What can be inferred from advertisements featuring celebrities? A．They work by satisfying consumers’ psychological needs. B．The celebrities in the ads are professional in the products. C．The success of an ad depends heavily on the fame of the celebrity. D．They ensure their products will offer something practical or useful. 2．Which advertisement is an example of “peripheral route advertising”? A．An assistant is comparing smartphone prices with a chart. B．An expert is explaining the effectiveness of a medicine. C．A family is having a wonderful time at the beach. D．A celebrity is introducing the functions of a car. 3．What does the word “attenuate” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Last. B．Improve. C．Emerge. D．Decrease. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Peripheral route ads are more influential than central route ads. B．Consumers should be critical of emotional wants shaped by ads. C．Advertisers use psychological factors to improve consumers’ lives. D．The psychological strategies used in ads are harmful to consumers. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍商家广告中运用的心理策略、两种广告路径及模仿效应的年龄差异，倡导理性消费。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One common strategy used in advertising is to appeal to people’s need to imitate or copy someone they admire. This type of advertisement shows a celebrity using a product with the hope that viewers want to look like the celebrity, have the celebrity’s lifestyle, or have the celebrity’s influence, and that purchasing the product will help the buyer achieve these things.(广告中常用的一种策略是迎合人们模仿自己钦佩之人的需求。这类广告展示名人使用某产品，希望观众想要长得像这位名人、拥有其生活方式或影响力，而购买该产品能帮助消费者实现这些。)”可知，名人广告通过满足消费者的心理需求起作用。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“These advertisements are aimed at potential vacationers and try to influence the consumer to identify their particular products with the people having fun. This is called “peripheral route advertising” whereas “central route advertising” places the emphasis on the product by stating facts about the product and highlighting the use of the product in the advertisement. (这些广告针对潜在度假者，试图引导消费者将其特定产品与享受欢乐的人群联系起来。这种方式被称为“边缘路径广告”；与之相对，中心路径广告则通过在广告中陈述产品相关事实、突出产品用途，将重点放在产品本身。)”可知，边缘路径广告是把产品与快乐、愉悦等情感氛围关联起来，不侧重产品事实与功能；一家人在海滩度过美好时光的度假广告属于边缘路径广告。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“One interesting aspect of imitation is that its effects attenuate with the age of the target audience. Advertisements that rely on imitation are most effective when aimed at teens and preteens and are less effective with young adults.(模仿效应的一个有趣特点是，其效果会随着目标受众年龄的增长而衰减。依赖模仿的广告针对青少年和青春期前儿童效果最佳，对年轻成年人效果较差。)”可知，后文明确说明针对儿童、青少年效果最好，对年轻成年人效果更差，由此可判断随着年龄增长，模仿效应的效果在下降、减弱，因此attenuate意为“减弱、降低”。故选D项。 4．观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“In the face of various advertisements, we consumers should not blindly imitate the person we admire, but choose the right products which fit our genuine needs instead of the wants they create. This critical choice is the basis of wise consumption.(面对各类广告，消费者不应盲目模仿钦佩之人，而应选择符合自身真实需求而非广告制造的欲望的产品。这种批判性选择是理性消费的基础。)”可知，作者认为消费者应对广告塑造的情感欲望保持批判态度。故选B项。 Passage 6 （2026·北京房山·一模）Much remains a mystery about how we look at the world. People constantly move their eyes to fix their gazes on items of interest, making about two to four eye movements every second for some 150,000 motions daily, but it remains uncertain how we choose what to focus on. To investigate how much gaze might vary between people, the researchers had more than 100 adult volunteers seated at computers look at 700 pictures depicting everyday scenes with a variety of items. At the same time, cameras, pointed at the eyes of those participants, helped track their gazes to deduce what they were looking at in each picture. The scientists found that certain types of details, such as faces, text, food, moving objects or touched items, attracted the gazes of some observers more than others. For example, the fraction of a person’s eye movements directed toward faces varied from 17% to 43% among the volunteers. In other words, “the individual tendency to look at faces or text can vary more than twofold from one person to the next,” said study lead author Benjamin de Haas, a neuroscientist at Justus-Liebig University Giessen in Germany. Such trends also proved to be highly consistent — even when volunteers were called back for follow-up sessions two weeks afterward. “This implies the way we look at images is personal. What you see can be different from what I’m seeing, even if we look at exactly the same images,” de Haas said. “Often times, the human is treated as a passive device whose attention can be captured by the image,” said vision scientist Mary Hayhoe at the University of Texas at Austin. This work emphasizes that “in reality, humans are active seekers of information.” The researchers suggested these differences in gaze might have some genetic foundations. For example, they noted that two recent studies from the United States and Sweden found that identical twins had far more similar patterns of eye movements than fraternal (异卵的) twins did. The scientists now plan to explore what impact these differences may or may not have in the real world. “Let’s say your eyes have a particular tendency to be attracted by text,” de Haas said. “Does that mean you’re more easily distracted when driving past a billboard?” These findings suggest that eye-tracking might help reveal new ways to diagnose disorders such as autism, in which people tend to gaze at faces and social cues differently, the researchers said. “The earlier one can pick up on the fact that children are autistic, the earlier one can start them on therapy and training programs, which can prove really important,” Hayhoe said. 1．What can we learn about the eye-tracking experiment? A．Humans are passive receivers of images. B．The way humans look at images varies greatly. C．The pictures used were mainly about abstract items. D．Gaze patterns differed when retested after two weeks. 2．Why does the author mention Mary Hayhoe in Paragraph 5? A．To explain the experiment process. B．To introduce the research purpose. C．To illustrate a practical approach. D．To correct a common belief. 3．Recent studies from the United States and Sweden suggest that ______. A．genes may affect how people direct their eyes B．people’s eyes have a tendency to be attracted by text C．shared living environments make identical twins’ gaze patterns more similar D．fraternal twins have more similar gaze patterns than those of the general population 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Universal Language of Sight B．The Mystery of Rapid Eye Movements C．The Unique Gaze: We See Things Differently D．The Powerful Eye-tracking: We Detect Autism Early 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家通过眼动实验发现人们注视事物的方式存在显著个体差异，该差异或与基因相关，并有望用于疾病诊断。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In other words, “the individual tendency to look at faces or text can vary more than twofold from one person to the next,” said study lead author Benjamin de Haas, a neuroscientist at Justus-Liebig University Giessen in Germany. (换言之，德国吉森尤斯图斯-李比希大学的神经科学家、该研究的主要作者本杰明·德·哈斯表示：“人与人之间关注人脸或文字的个人倾向，差异可能超过两倍。”)”可知，人类观看图像的方式差异极大。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中的““Often times, the human is treated as a passive device whose attention can be captured by the image,” said vision scientist Mary Hayhoe at the University of Texas at Austin. This work emphasizes that “in reality, humans are active seekers of information.”(得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的视觉科学家玛丽·海霍表示：“很多时候，人类被当作一种被动的装置，其注意力会被图像轻易吸引。”而这项研究强调，“事实上，人类是主动的信息探寻者。”)”可知，作者提及Mary Hayhoe是为了纠正人们普遍认为人类被动接收图像信息的错误观点。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The researchers suggested these differences in gaze might have some genetic foundations. For example, they noted that two recent studies from the United States and Sweden found that identical twins had far more similar patterns of eye movements than fraternal twins did.(研究人员认为注视差异可能有一定基因基础。例如，美国和瑞典近期的两项研究发现，同卵双胞胎的眼球运动模式比异卵双胞胎相似得多。)”可知，基因可能影响人们注视的方向。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的““This implies the way we look at images is personal. What you see can be different from what I’m seeing, even if we look at exactly the same images,” de Haas said. (德哈斯表示：“这意味着我们观看图像的方式是因人而异的。即使我们看着完全相同的画面，你所看到的内容也可能与我所看到的不同。”)”可知，文章围绕人们注视方式存在个体差异展开，核心说明每个人的注视都是独特的、看待事物的方式各不相同，因此“独特的注视：我们看待事物各不相同”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 7 （2026·北京门头沟·一模）A new study suggests that the people who reach the top of their fields typically were all involved in multiple disciplines when they were young. Young prodigies (奇才) — the teenage sports stars, the high schoolers bursting into the chess ranks, the kids making scientific discoveries — are usually not the same as late bloomers who reach the pinnacle of their fields in adulthood, according to a new study. And the two groups begin their journeys in very different ways. The study, published on Thursday in the journal Science, found that achievement in youth typically starts with a focus on one thing: A pianist plays no other instrument; a swimmer stays in the pool. But the people who achieve the most later in life typically start with less singular intensity, engaging across multiple disciplines, and less early success. “When comparing performers across the highest levels of achievement,” the researchers wrote, “the evidence suggests that eventual peak performance is negatively associated with early performance.” There are exceptions, of course, those rising stars who end up exploring the outer limits of human capacity. Just look at Simone Biles or Mozart, whose exceptional abilities were evident in childhood. They found that people who reach the pinnacle of their own field — whether athletes, scientists or artists — typically plied (从事) a variety of disciplines in childhood and advanced more slowly, and their eventual field was never a narrow focus from the start. Aaron Clifton, a professor at the Karolinska Institute, noted: “Across very different disciplines, very different profiles, very different skills and very different ages of peak performance, the rate of development of the best performers is very similar.” The patterns were visible between the most leading performers and the people just below them; think Nobel winners and those who were awarded by national-level prize. Both groups are high-achieving, but the people who reach the absolute peak — the Nobel laureates — generally showed the more gradual progression with a later, slower but multidisciplinary start. “There’s something hopeful here for those of us who were not child prodigies,” said Dean Keith Simonton, an emeritus professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis. But the study also has its limitations. The research focused on fields where performance can be measured clearly — sports, music and science. It may not apply to other areas, like business or politics. The researchers were also, importantly, studying the extremes: the very best of the best. These are not random people; they are the ones stuck with their chosen activity. 1．What does the underlined word “pinnacle” in Paragraph 1 mostly mean? A．The new height. B．The severe issue. C．The highest point. D．The point of failure. 2．What can we learn from the research in the passage? A．Adult achievers have great early success. B．Prodigies have higher success than adult achievers. C．Prodigies focus on multiple disciplines in their early age. D．Adult achievers have broad exploration when they’re young. 3．What’s the relationship between early performance and eventual peak performance? A．They are a little associated. B．They are negatively correlated. C．The correlation varies by profession. D．There is no correlation between them. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To highlight the study’s limitations. B．To compare sports and science careers. C．To introduce a new study on peak achievers. D．To criticize the pursuit of early achievements. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究探讨了不同领域顶尖人才在年轻时的经历和成就模式。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Young prodigies — the teenage sports stars, the high schoolers bursting into the chess ranks, the kids making scientific discoveries — are usually not the same as late bloomers who reach the pinnacle of their fields in adulthood.(年轻的奇才——十几岁的体育明星、冲进国际象棋行列的高中生、做出科学发现的孩子们——通常与那些在成年后达到各自领域_____的后来者不同。)”可知，Young prodigies和late bloomers这两类人应该是不同的，前者是年轻时取得成就的人，后者是成年后才取得成就的人，所以pinnacle的意思应该是“最高点”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“But the people who achieve the most later in life typically start with less singular intensity, engaging across multiple disciplines, and less early success.(但那些在人生后期取得最高成就的人，起步时往往不会专注单一领域，而是涉猎多个学科，早年也鲜有亮眼成绩。)”可知，成年成功者在年轻时有广泛的探索。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“When comparing performers across the highest levels of achievement, the evidence suggests that eventual peak performance is negatively associated with early performance.(当比较最高成就水平的表演者时，有证据表明，最终的表现与早期表现呈负相关。)”可知，早期表现和最终巅峰表现之间的关系是负相关。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study suggests that the people who reach the top of their fields typically were all involved in multiple disciplines when they were young.(一项新的研究表明，那些在自己领域达到顶峰的人在年轻时通常都涉及多个学科。)”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于顶尖成就者的新研究。故选C。 Passage 8 （2026·北京通州·模拟预测）Is there a secret sauce that helps explain why some people seem so self-assured and cool? A new study that surveyed nearly 6,000 people from 12 countries around the world offers some clues. Coolness is not a widely studied subject. Past research has found that it is usually considered something positive: People who are cool are also friendly, competent, trendy and attractive. But researchers wanted to know what makes a person distinctly “cool” rather than just “good”. They asked the participants to think of specific people: one who is cool, one who is not cool, one who is good, and one who is not good. Then they had the participants evaluate each person by answering questionnaires that measured 15 different attributes. Surprisingly, the participants’ beliefs about what’s “cool” were similar regardless of their nationality, age, income level, education or gender. Across groups, cool people were largely perceived as extroverted, pleasure-seeking, powerful, adventurous, open and autonomous. Though cool and good people did share some common traits, like capability, they are not the same. Being kind, conforming, traditional, secure and conscientious (认真的) were more associated with being good than being cool. Some “cool” traits were not necessarily good at all, like pleasure-seeking. These findings make a strong case that coolness is a mirror that can help observe how people understand and structure their social world. One limitation of the study was that anyone who did not know the word “cool” was left out. As a result, the data cannot show how frequently the word is used in different countries or whether coolness gives people higher social status in some cultures. In addition, while the study included people of many ages, most participants were young, with an average age around 30. Research on coolness suggests that the desire to be cool is particularly strong during adolescence. It influences not only what people buy or whom they admire but also how they talk and what they do for fun. Caleb Warren, one of the authors of the study, has serious doubts about whether this quality is worth pursuing. Coolness that involves risk-taking and being socially premature may offer popularity in youth. However, a 2014 study found that many teenagers who behaved in this way would later struggle in their 20s. “They are doing more extreme things to try to act cool,” Warren said. For the popular kids in school, “status is dominance, visibility, attention,” psychologist Mitch Prinstein said. “But it is how well-liked you are that contributes to long-term success.” Even the most uncool kid will probably fare well if they have at least one close friend, he added. Perhaps coolness — particularly the “too cool for school” variety — isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. 1．What did the researchers do in the new study? A．Conducted a data analysis. B．Predicted a dangerous trend. C．Discovered a new study area. D．Compared groups of all ages. 2．What can be inferred about coolness? A．It is losing its dominance in school life. B．It helps one maintain a long-term success. C．It is associated with virtues all over the world. D．It may lead to blind behavior and other potential harms. 3．What can we learn from the new study? A．Coolness gives people a higher social status. B．People tend to agree that coolness is not good. C．Coolness is commonly regarded as something positive. D．The pursuit of coolness reflects people’s social preference. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Coolness Brings Goodness B．What Makes Someone Cool? C．How to Become Cool at School? D．The Shift of People’s Ideas of Coolness 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项针对“酷”特质的跨国家研究，探究其定义、特质与“优秀”的区别，同时指出研究局限及追求该特质的潜在问题与长远启示。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They asked the participants to think of specific people: one who is cool, one who is not cool, one who is good, and one who is not good. Then they had the participants evaluate each person by answering questionnaires that measured 15 different attributes.(他们让参与者想到具体的人：一个酷的人，一个不酷的人，一个优秀的人，一个不优秀的人。然后他们让参与者通过回答衡量15种不同特质的问卷来评价每个人)”可知，研究者通过问卷收集数据并对相关数据进行分析，以此开展这项新研究。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Coolness that involves risk-taking and being socially premature may offer popularity in youth. However, a 2014 study found that many teenagers who behaved in this way would later struggle in their 20s. “They are doing more extreme things to try to act cool,” Warren said.(带有冒险精神和社交早熟特质的“酷”可能会让年轻人受欢迎。然而，2014年的一项研究发现，许多有这种行为的青少年在二十多岁时会陷入困境。沃伦说：“他们为了装酷会做更多极端的事。”)”可知，为了追求酷而做出极端、冒险的行为，会让青少年后续发展陷入困境。由此推知，“酷”这一特质可能会带来盲目行事的行为以及其他潜在的危害。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Past research has found that it is usually considered something positive: People who are cool are also friendly, competent, trendy and attractive.(以往的研究发现，酷通常被认为是一种积极的特质：酷的人通常也友善、能干、时髦且有魅力)”以及第三段中的“Surprisingly, the participants’ beliefs about what’s “cool” were similar regardless of their nationality, age, income level, education or gender. Across groups, cool people were largely perceived as extroverted, pleasure-seeking, powerful, adventurous, open and autonomous. (令人惊讶的是，无论国籍、年龄、收入水平、教育程度或性别如何，参与者对于什么是“酷”的看法都相似。在所有群体中，酷的人在很大程度上被认为是外向的、追求享乐的、有力量的、富有冒险精神的、开放的和自主的)”可知，新研究通过跨国家、跨人群的调查验证了，不同背景的人们普遍仍将酷视作带有各类正向特质的属性，酷依旧被广泛认为是一种积极的事物。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Is there a secret sauce that helps explain why some people seem so self-assured and cool? A new study that surveyed nearly 6,000 people from 12 countries around the world offers some clues.(是否存在一种秘诀能解释为什么有些人看起来如此自信又酷？一项对来自全球12个国家的近6000人进行的新研究给出了一些线索)”并结合全文围绕这项研究探究“酷”的定义、特质、与“优秀”的区别，以及追求酷的相关问题展开论述可知，本文核心是探究是什么造就了一个人的“酷”特质，所以“是什么让一个人变酷？”可以概括文章主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 9 （25-26高三上·北京丰台·期末）Rarely a day goes by that I don’t notice a car traveling east down my quiet one-way street, which runs west. They aren’t breaking the rules on purpose — they’ve just failed to realise they’re making a mistake. And why? If you’re driving the right way, you will notice white arrows on a blue background indicating as much. But if you’re driving the wrong way? Nothing. This is an analogy (类比) of life. When we perform well, we receive vague praise. But when we are wrong? Usually, silence — until failure strikes. Timely, specific criticism is rare before things go badly wrong. Sometimes the signs are in front of us, but we look away. In 2019, two researchers at Chicago’s Booth school, Lauren Adam and Ayelet Fisherman, published an article presenting several studies of the effect of feedback on learning, in which subjects were offered two plausible answers to a difficult question, and invited to pick one. In most cases, this was a guess. After 10 answers, the subjects were either shown all the answers they had got right, or shown all the answers they had got wrong. Logically speaking, since these were all binary questions, that amounts to the same thing. But Adam and Fisherman found that the emotional framing mattered. When people were shown their successes, they learnt — and did better on a follow-up test. When people were shown their failures, they did not improve. The researchers suggest that people don’t much care to think over their errors, and so are quick to move on and forget — especially in an experiment such as this, when the consequences of further errors are trivial. When shown their successes, they pause to savour the moment. This may help to explain why so many of us are faced with the one-way-street problem: everyone is happy to share a friendly word of reassurance, but few people are keen to offer criticism, even when specifically requested. So what to do? One tactic is to ask for advice, instead of feedback. A Harvard Business School study found that asking for advice prompts more critical, actionable comments focused on future improvements. Another approach, demonstrated by psychologist Adam Grant, involves a two-step process: first, ask for a rating (e.g., “9 out of 10”), then follow up with, “What would make it a 10?” This encourages constructive suggestions. But constructive feedback of a more general nature remains difficult to achieve. One idea I’ve played with recently has become popular in tabletop role-playing games — it’s called “stars and wishes”. After a game, I ask players for “stars” (moments they enjoyed) and “wishes” (things they’d like to see next time). Wishes create a friendly space for constructive ideas — even if not all responses are actionable, the act of asking encourages people to share honest thoughts I might otherwise miss. In the end, I learn more by framing feedback as “wishes” than by staying silent. I’m not sure how your boss would respond to a request for “stars and wishes”, but the spirit is the right one. If we want timely, useful criticism from others, we must be clever in how we ask for it. Otherwise our colleagues will be as tactfully uncommunicative as those non-existent signs for those driving the wrong way down my street. 1．The author uses the “one-way street” analogy mainly to illustrate ________. A．the intentional design of misleading systems B．a common problem in urban traffic planning C．people’s tendency to ignore clear instructions D．the lack of guidance for those making mistakes 2．The underlined phrase “emotional framing” in Paragraph 4 most probably means ________. A．the emotional response held back by feedback B．the influence of prior experiences on feedback C．the way feedback is presented to affect perceptions D．the identical feedback to answers to binary questions 3．What can be inferred about feedback from the passage? A．Asking for advice is the first step towards useful feedback. B．People may consider giving negative feedback ineffective. C．The “stars and wishes” method guarantees honest feedback. D．Constructive suggestions make people willing to give feedback. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why feedback always fails us. B．How we obtain constructive criticism. C．What helps set up the feedback system. D．Where constructive criticism comes from. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人们在生活中往往缺乏及时、具体的批评，并通过类比和实验研究阐述了这一现象的原因，最后提出了一些获取建设性反馈的方法。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Rarely a day goes by that I don’t notice a car traveling east down my quiet one-way street, which runs west. They aren’t breaking the rules on purpose — they’ve just failed to realise they’re making a mistake. And why? If you’re driving the right way, you will notice white arrows on a blue background indicating as much. But if you’re driving the wrong way? Nothing.(几乎每天我都能注意到一辆车沿着我安静的、向西行驶的单行道向东行驶。他们并不是故意违反规则，只是没有意识到自己犯了错误。为什么呢？如果你开车方向正确，你会注意到蓝底白箭头的指示。但如果你开错了方向呢？什么都没有。)”可知，作者通过描述单行道上的车辆行驶情况，指出当车辆行驶方向正确时，有明确的指示；而当行驶方向错误时，却没有任何提示。根据第二段This is an analogy (类比) of life. When we perform well, we receive vague praise. But when we are wrong? Usually, silence — until failure strikes. Timely, specific criticism is rare before things go badly wrong.(这是生活的一个类比。当我们表现良好时，我们得到的是模糊的赞扬。但当我们错了呢？通常是沉默，直到失败降临。在事情严重出错之前，及时、具体的批评是很少见的。)”可知，作者使用“单行道”类比主要是为了说明对犯错的人缺乏指导。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“After 10 answers, the subjects were either shown all the answers they had got right, or shown all the answers they had got wrong. Logically speaking, since these were all binary questions, that amounts to the same thing. (在回答了 10 个问题后，受试者要么看到自己所有答对的答案，要么看到自己所有答错的答案。从逻辑上讲，既然这些都是二选一的问题，那么这两种方式本质上是一样的。)”和下文“When people were shown their successes, they learnt — and did better on a follow-up test. When people were shown their failures, they did not improve.(当人们看到自己的成功时，他们会学习 —— 并且在后续测试中表现得更好。而当人们看到自己的失败时，他们并没有进步。)”可知，虽然“看正确答案”和“看错误答案”在逻辑上是一样的（因为都是二选一），但呈现方式不同，导致人们的反应不同。由此可知，emotional framing指的是：反馈以怎样的方式呈现，会影响人们的感受和理解。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers suggest that people don’t much care to think over their errors, and so are quick to move on and forget — especially in an experiment such as this, when the consequences of further errors are trivial. When shown their successes, they pause to savour the moment. This may help to explain why so many of us are faced with the one-way-street problem: everyone is happy to share a friendly word of reassurance, but few people are keen to offer criticism, even when specifically requested.(研究人员认为，人们不太愿意仔细思考自己的错误，因此很快就会继续前进并忘记，尤其是在像这样的实验中，进一步错误的后果微不足道。当看到自己的成功时，他们会停下来享受这一刻。这可能有助于解释为什么我们中的许多人面临单行道问题：每个人都乐于分享一句友好的安慰之词，但很少有人愿意提出批评，即使是在被明确要求时也是如此。)”可知，人们可能认为给予负面反馈无效，因此不太愿意提出批评，即使是在被明确要求时也是如此。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章首先通过“单行道”类比引出人们在生活中缺乏及时、具体批评的问题，然后通过实验研究阐述了这一现象的原因，最后提出了一些获取建设性反馈的方法，如寻求建议、使用“星星和愿望”方法等。因此，文章的主要内容是我们如何获得建设性的批评。故选B。 Passage 10 （2026·北京·一模）Too Much Information Computer hackers, in order to get more secret information, constantly improve at breaking into cyberdefenses (网络防御系统) to steal valuable documents. So some researchers propose using an artificial-intelligence algorithm (算法) to hopelessly confuse them, once they break in, by hiding the real deal in a mountain of misleading documents and information. The algorithm, called Word Embedding-based Fake Online Repository Generation Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decoys of patents under development. If hackers were after, say, the recipe for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a sea of false documents. This could mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end ones. “The name of the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its developer, Dartmouth College Cyber Security researcher. “Pain those stealing from you. ” Subrahmanian says he tackled this project after reading that companies are unaware of new kinds of cyberattacks for an average of 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almost a year to decamp with all our documents, patents and intellectual property, ”he says. “They have stolen almost everything. It’s not just the crown jewels-it’s the crown jewels, and the jewels of the cleaning lady, and the watch of the secretary!” The documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden traps to confuse hackers, says Rachel Tobac, CEO of SocialProof Security. These documents might alert security when accessed. Companies have typically used human-created false copies for this strategy. But now the algorithm is able to do that for us. The system produces convincing traps by searching through a document for key words. For each one it finds, it calculates a list of related concepts and replaces the original term with one chosen at random. The process can produce dozens of documents that contain no patent information but still look credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked computer science and chemistry graduates to evaluate real and false patents from their respective fields. And the humans found the WE-FORGE-created documents highly believable. WE-FORGE might eventually expand its boundary. Both Subrahmanian and Tobac think this research will attract commercial interest. “I could definitely see an organization investing in this type of product ” Tobac says. “If this creates believable decoys without releasing sensitive details within those traps, then I think you’ve got a huge with there. ” 1．What does the underlined word “decoys” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Misleading documents. B．Original terms. C．Computer operating systems. D．Cyber securities. 2．In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______. A．the unreliability of the network B．the wealth of the companies C．the greediness of hackers D．the variety of intellectual property 3．What can we learn about WE-FORGE? A．It will sound alarm upon being operated. B．It is profitable for the users by avoiding their loss. C．It has attracted investors for its application in many fields. D．It can compose irrelevant concepts in the false documents. 4．What do we know about the documents created by WE-FORGE? A．They are more reliable than human-created false copies. B．They can be identified as fake by experts in specific fields. C．They are designed to release sensitive information while confusing hackers. D．They are created by replacing key words with randomly selected related concepts. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种人工智能算法(WE-FORGE)，该算法能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，从而迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“If hackers were after, say, the recipe for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a sea of false documents. (比如说，如果黑客在寻找一种新药的配方，他们将不得不在虚假文件中大海捞针。)”可知，该算法(WE-FORGE)能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，混淆视听，故划线词指的是那些误导黑客的文件。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Hackers have almost a year to decamp with all our documents, patents and intellectual property, ”he says. “They have stolen almost everything. It’s not just the crown jewels-it’s the crown jewels, and the jewels of the cleaning lady, and the watch of the secretary!”(他说：“黑客有将近一年的时间带着我们所有的文件、专利和知识产权潜逃。他们几乎偷走了所有东西。不仅是皇冠上的珠宝，还有皇冠上的宝石，还有清洁女工的珠宝，以及秘书的手表!”) ”可知，Subrahmanian的话表明黑客无所不偷，非常贪婪。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden traps to confuse hackers, says Rachel Tobac, CEO of SocialProof Security. These documents might alert security when accessed. Companies have typically used human-created false copies for this strategy. But now the algorithm is able to do that for us.(SocialProof Security首席执行官Rachel Tobac表示，WE-FORGE制作的文件也可能成为迷惑黑客的隐藏陷阱。访问这些文档时，可能会向安全部门发出警报。公司通常使用人为创建的虚假副本来实现这一策略。但现在算法能够为我们做到这一点。)”可知，WE-FORGE制作的文件可以迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失，这对于用户来说是有益的。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“The system produces convincing traps by searching through a document for key words. For each one it finds, it calculates a list of related concepts and replaces the original term with one chosen at random. (该系统通过在文档中搜索关键词来生成具有说服力的陷阱。对于找到的每一个关键词，它会计算出一系列相关概念，并将原词替换为随机选择的一个。)”可知，WE-FORGE是通过将关键词替换为随机选择的相关概念来创建的。故选D。 Passage 11 （2026·北京·一模）AI for Everyone: The Rise of Affordable Smart Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) was once a luxury limited to big tech companies. Building advanced AI models used to require millions of dollars in computing power and teams of top engineers. But today, a new wave of affordable AI is changing the game, making this technology accessible to small businesses, schools, and even individual users. Chinese tech start-up DeepSeek made headlines in 2025 with its open-source AI model. Unlike expensive competitors, this model delivers similar performance in tasks like coding, math problem-solving, and language translation — yet it costs only a fraction of the price to develop. The company revealed that training the AI required less than $6 million in computing resources, which is 10 times cheaper than what major tech giants spend on their latest systems. This breakthrough has challenged the old idea that only big companies can afford cutting-edge AI. What’s more, DeepSeek has made the model’s core framework open to the public, allowing developers and researchers to modify and upgrade it for free, thus speeding up the innovation of AI applications in various fields. Affordable AI is already making a difference in daily life. In rural schools, AI tutors help students with personalized learning plans, filling gaps in subjects where teachers are in short supply. Small shops use AI tools to analyze customer preferences and manage inventory more efficiently, reducing waste and increasing profits. Even healthcare clinics in remote areas benefit — AI-powered apps can now assist doctors in diagnosing common diseases by analyzing medical data, enabling timely treatment for patients who live far from big hospitals. However, this progress comes with questions. Experts warn about potential risks like data privacy and unfair competition. As more people use AI, protecting personal information becomes increasingly important. There are also concerns that some jobs might be replaced by automation, especially those involving repetitive manual work. But most experts agree that the key lies in finding a balance: using AI to improve lives while setting clear rules to guide its development. Governments around the world are also exploring policies to regulate AI use, ensuring that the technology serves the public good rather than just a small group of interests. From expensive laboratory projects to everyday tools, AI has come a long way. As affordable AI continues to grow, it promises to bring more innovation and convenience to the world — proving that advanced technology doesn’t have to come with a high price tag. 1．How much did it cost to train DeepSeek’s AI model? A．Less than $6 million. B．Exactly $6 million. C．10 million dollars. D．More than $60 million. 2．What does the underlined word “inventory” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．The total amount of money a shop earns. B．The stock of goods a shop has for sale. C．The list of customers a shop serves. D．The rules a shop follows for management. 3．Which of the following is a practical use of affordable AI according to the passage? A．Replacing all teachers in rural schools. B．Helping big tech companies earn more money. C．Stopping all data privacy problems. D．Assisting doctors in diagnosing common diseases. 4．What can we infer from the passage about affordable AI? A．It has solved all the problems of traditional AI. B．It is only used by small businesses and schools. C．It brings both benefits and challenges to society. D．It will completely replace human workers in the future. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济型AI从昂贵的实验室技术发展为日常生活工具的普及化趋势，这为教育、零售和医疗等领域带来便利，但也伴随隐私和就业等挑战，需通过政策平衡其发展。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The company revealed that training the AI required less than $6 million in computing resources, which is 10 times cheaper than what major tech giants spend on their latest systems. (该公司透露，训练人工智能所需的计算资源不到600万美元，比主要科技巨头在其最新系统上花费的成本便宜10倍。)”可知，训练DeepSeek的AI模型花费了不到600万美元。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Small shops use AI tools to analyze customer preferences (小商店使用人工智能工具来分析顾客的偏好)”和下文“reducing waste and increasing profits (减少浪费，增加利润)”可知，商店基于对顾客偏好的分析，可以有效管理商品的库存，实现减少浪费，画线词意思应该是“商店待售的商品库存”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even healthcare clinics in remote areas benefit — AI-powered apps can now assist doctors in diagnosing common diseases by analyzing medical data, enabling timely treatment for patients who live far from big hospitals. (即使是偏远地区的医疗诊所也会受益——人工智能应用程序现在可以通过分析医疗数据来帮助医生诊断常见疾病，从而为远离大医院的患者提供及时治疗。)”可知，经济型AI的实际用途包括协助医生诊断常见疾病。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Affordable AI is already making a difference in daily life. In rural schools, AI tutors help students with personalized learning plans, filling gaps in subjects where teachers are in short supply. (可负担得起的人工智能已经在日常生活中发挥作用。在农村学校，人工智能导师帮助学生制定个性化的学习计划，填补教师短缺的学科空白。)”、第四段中“However, this progress comes with questions. Experts warn about potential risks like data privacy and unfair competition. (然而，这种进步也带来了问题。专家对数据隐私和不公平竞争等潜在风险提出了警告。)”和“There are also concerns that some jobs might be replaced by automation, especially those involving repetitive manual work. (还有人担心，一些工作可能会被自动化取代，尤其是那些涉及重复性体力劳动的工作。)”可知，经济型AI具有双面性，便利与风险并存，表明它既为社会带来好处，也提出挑战。故选C项。 Passage 12 （24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 1．People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A．more brain energy consumption B．the complexity of computations C．the higher level of difficulty D．new coordination of brain parts 2．The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A．support a solution B．present a case C．analyze the causes D．challenge an assumption 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Overestimation promotes efficiency. B．Personal perception determines motivation. C．Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D．Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 4．Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A．Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B．Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C．Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D．Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于认知任务与大脑能量消耗、习惯及注意力之间的关系，以及如何通过改变习惯和提高注意力来更轻松地完成认知任务。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. (事实上，当一项任务要求大脑违背其通常的习惯时，就会感觉更具挑战性。认知要求高的工作往往需要许多不同的大脑区域以新的模式进行协调，同时使经常一起兴奋的神经回路沉默。)”可知，人们可能会觉得某些认知任务要求很高，是因为这些任务需要大脑各部分之间新的协调。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。第四段首“Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. (研究表明，如果我们能克服开始一项任务的最初障碍，那么思考就会变得更容易。做到这一点的一种方法是关注收益，而不是需要付出的努力。)”提出解决问题的方案，根据下文“In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. (在2020年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，罗格斯大学的神经科学家安德鲁·韦斯特布鲁克和他的同事让参与者选择解决一个简单的记忆谜题来获得少量的钱，或者解决一个更难的谜题来获得更多的钱。这些选项显示在屏幕上，当参与者决定尝试哪个谜题时，他们的眼球运动被跟踪。当人们花更多时间观察挑战性谜题的奖励时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的大脑或注意力集中在一个选择的好处上，随着时间的推移，我们更有可能选择做困难的事情。)”可知，作者引用2020年的这一研究来说明段首提出的解决方案是可行，即关注好处可以促使我们选择去做困难的事情。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. (我们经常高估完成认知任务所需要经历的困难和痛苦。这种最初的高估会导致我们拖延，甚至完全避免这项任务。)”可推知，个人对认知任务的感知会影响其动力，即个人感知决定动力。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. (如果精神努力的付出成为一种习惯，那么执行复杂的脑力任务也不会那么痛苦。当我们不必每天都做出专注的决定时，我们就会省去考虑成本或后果的麻烦。为了让认知要求高的任务成为一种习惯，试着每天在同一时间、同一地点做这些事情。)”可知，让精神工作感觉更容易的方法就是让其成为习惯。故选C项。 Passage 13 （25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）As urbanization speeds up worldwide, cities are facing a growing challenge: how to deal with wastewater safely and cheaply. Traditional treatment plants work well but cost much to build and run, and they use a lot of energy. In recent years, constructed wetlands (人工湿地) have become a popular green solution, but their cleaning ability is often undervalued or not fully understood. A constructed wetland is a man-made system where plants, soils and microorganisms work together to clean polluted water. Wastewater from cities, farms or factories flows slowly through the wetland. Plants take in harmful nutrients, soil catches small pollutants, and tiny microbes break down dangerous chemicals into harmless substances. This natural process needs little energy and creates little waste, making it environmentally friendly and low-cost. However, a study by environmental scientists points out a common problem: most constructed wetlands are designed too simply. They fail to consider different pollutants and seasonal temperature changes. In winter, for example, microbial activity drops greatly, so cleaning efficiency falls by more than 40 percent in many cold-area wetlands. To solve this, the research team developed an improved constructed wetland. They added a special heat-keeping layer under the soil and chose cold-resistant plants and microbes. In tests, the new system kept a high cleaning rate even below zero. It could remove 92 percent of nitrogen and 87 percent of phosphorus from wastewater, much higher than traditional systems. Scientists also found that biodiversity plays a key role. A wetland with more plant and microbial species cleans better. It not only treats water but also provides homes for birds and small animals, turning polluted areas into lively urban green spaces. Of course, constructed wetlands are not perfect. They need more land than treatment plants and take time to fully work. Yet with further research, they could become an important part of city environmental planning. For greener cities, this natural technology offers a simple, effective and sustainable answer. 1．What is the advantage of constructed wetlands over traditional treatment plants? A．They take up less space. B．They are energy-saving and low-cost. C．They work more efficiently in all cases. D．They need no microorganisms to function. 2．What can we infer about the improved constructed wetland? A．It solves all seasonal problems of traditional ones. B．It depends on high-energy equipment to work. C．It performs well even in cold conditions. D．It has been widely used in cities worldwide. 3．What does the underlined word “sustainable” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Able to last long. B．Easy to operate. C．Completely modern. D．Truly creative. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to Build a Perfect City Wetland B．Constructed Wetlands: A Green Wastewater Solution C．The Biodiversity in Urban Wetlands D．Wastewater: A Growing Urban Challenge 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了人工湿地作为一种绿色污水处理方案的工作原理、现存问题、改进措施及其优势与发展前景。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This natural process needs little energy and creates little waste, making it environmentally friendly and low-cost.(这种自然过程几乎不需要能源，产生的废弃物也很少，使其既环保又低成本。)”和第一段“Traditional treatment plants work well but cost much to build and run, and they use a lot of energy.(传统污水处理厂效果不错，但建设和运营成本高昂，且能耗巨大。)”可知，人工湿地相比传统污水处理厂的优势是节能且成本低。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“In tests, the new system kept a high cleaning rate even below zero.(在测试中，新系统即使在零度以下也能保持很高的净化率。)”可知，改进后的人工湿地在寒冷条件下也能表现良好。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Yet with further research, they could become an important part of city environmental planning. For greener cities, this natural technology offers a simple, effective and sustainable answer.(不过，随着进一步的研究，它们有望成为城市环境规划的重要组成部分。对于更绿色的城市来说，这项自然技术提供了一种简单、有效且sustainable解决方案。)”可知，自然技术是环保的。“sustainable”意为“可持续的，能长期维持的”，与“Able to last long(能够持续很久)”含义一致。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent years, constructed wetlands (人工湿地) have become a popular green solution, but their cleaning ability is often undervalued or not fully understood.(近年来，人工湿地已成为一种受欢迎的绿色解决方案，但其净化能力常常被低估或未被充分理解。)”及最后一段“For greener cities, this natural technology offers a simple, effective and sustainable answer.(对于更绿色的城市来说，这项自然技术提供了一种简单、有效且可持续的解决方案。)”可知，全文围绕“人工湿地作为绿色污水处理方案”展开介绍，故最佳标题为B选项“Constructed Wetlands: A Green Wastewater Solution(人工湿地：一种绿色污水处理方案)”。 Passage 14 （2026·北京石景山·一模）For a long period, many parents have assumed that additional mathematics exercises and an increased number of after-school classes represent the most reliable route to improving a child’s prospects. More recently, however, a research team at the University of Melbourne has directed attention to a different type of educational experience: sustained participation in school-based arts programmes. Their ten-year longitudinal study indicates that regular engagement in the arts is associated with enhanced emotional well-being, greater social confidence and higher levels of engagement with academic work. The researchers tracked nearly 8,500 students from Grade 3 through Grade 12. At two-year intervals, the students reported the frequency with which they joined school bands, took part in theatrical performances, contributed to designing stage sets or posters, or attended art clubs after school. At the same time, teachers systematically documented observable changes in classroom behaviour, including whether students completed homework on time, participated in group discussions or displayed disruptive conduct during lessons. When the team compared students from broadly similar family backgrounds, a consistent pattern emerged. Those who participated in arts activities at least once a week were, on average, less anxious and more optimistic about their future than peers who rarely took part. Students in the arts-participation group were also more likely to remain in school through to graduation and to report that “school is a place where I belong.” The researchers then sought to explore potential mechanisms underlying these outcomes. Interviews with students pointed to several contributory factors. Rehearsing (排练) for a concert or a play, for instance, required them to manage their time carefully, attend to the views of others and tolerate feedback in the presence of their peers. Some quieter students reported discovering that they could communicate strong emotions through a role on stage or through the use of colour and form on a canvas (画布). The study stops short of presenting arts education as a simple guarantee of success. Even so, the authors contend that when schools reduce provision in music or art in order to create additional time for test preparation, they may unintentionally remove one of the few environments in which certain students feel recognised and valued. On this basis, the researchers recommend that schools maintain a basic level of arts provision, particularly in communities experiencing economic pressure. 1．What can be inferred about school arts activities? A．It leads to higher marks in school subjects. B．It gives students a stronger sense of belonging. C．It takes the place of academic support after class. D．It is designed for students from well-off families. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Arts education has limited value in exam-driven systems. B．Test practice changes when schools increase arts activities. C．Parents are the force behind the reduction of arts programmes. D．Cutting arts provision has side effects that are easy to overlook. 3．What does the author mainly do in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Present a research project and its implications. B．Compare different types of after-school classes. C．Highlight a viewpoint with various after-school activities. D．Challenge a common belief through interviews with students. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How school arts education aids students’ development. B．How exam pressure changes parents’ assumptions for education. C．How students gradually lose their motivation for communication. D．How researchers record and assess students’ after-school behaviours. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，持续参与学校艺术活动可提升学生情绪健康、社交自信与学业参与度，还能增强归属感；学校不应为备考削减艺术课程，而应保留基础艺术教育。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Students in the arts-participation group were also more likely to remain in school through to graduation and to report that “school is a place where I belong.”(参与艺术活动的学生也更有可能顺利完成学业，并表示“学校是我归属的地方”。)”可推知，艺术活动能让学生产生更强的校园归属感。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even so, the authors contend that when schools reduce provision in music or art in order to create additional time for test preparation, they may unintentionally remove one of the few environments in which certain students feel recognised and valued.( 即便如此，作者们仍认为，当学校为了腾出更多时间用于备考而削减音乐或艺术课程的开设时，他们可能会无意中剥夺了某些学生仅存的、能让他们感到被认可和重视的环境之一。)”可推知，削减艺术课程会带来一些容易被忽视的副作用。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When the team compared students from broadly similar family backgrounds, a consistent pattern emerged. Those who participated in arts activities at least once a week were, on average, less anxious and more optimistic about their future than peers who rarely took part.( 当研究团队将来自大致相似家庭背景的学生进行对比时，一个一致的模式逐渐显现出来。那些每周至少参加一次艺术活动的学生，平均而言，比很少参与此类活动的同龄人焦虑程度更低，对未来也更加乐观。)”以及第四段中“The researchers then sought to explore potential mechanisms underlying these outcomes. Interviews with students pointed to several contributory factors.( 随后，研究人员试图探究这些结果背后可能存在的机制。对学生的访谈指出了几个促成因素。)”可知，第三段展示了研究得出的客观结果与规律，第四段进一步探究产生这些结果的内在原因，整体呈现了研究内容及其带来的启示。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“More recently, however, a research team at the University of Melbourne has directed attention to a different type of educational experience: sustained participation in school-based arts programmes. Their ten-year longitudinal study indicates that regular engagement in the arts is associated with enhanced emotional well-being, greater social confidence and higher levels of engagement with academic work.( 然而，最近墨尔本大学的一个研究团队将注意力转向了另一种教育体验：持续参与学校开展的艺术项目。他们的一项为期十年的纵向研究表明，经常参与艺术活动与增强的情绪健康、更大的社交自信以及更积极地投入学业工作密切相关。)”可知，全文围绕墨尔本大学的研究展开，核心论述学校艺术教育对学生情绪健康、社交自信、学业参与、校园归属感等多方面发展的积极作用。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是学校艺术教育如何促进学生的发展。故选A项。 Passage 15 （2026·北京朝阳·一模）Whether artists or scientists, investigators strike out from what is known to brave the unknown in acts of creative discovery. Think of artists and scientists as users of three modes of discovery: knowing, seeing, and telling. We are all seeking knowledge — epistemologists who question what we think we know, how we come to know it, and whether we can prove what we think we know. Meanwhile, we are all seers — aestheticists who confront what we perceive in natural and created appearances. Finally, we are all tellers and listeners — narrativists who tell about what we have found and listen to the findings of others. The epistemologist’s attention to knowing resonated (引起共鸣) in physicist Andrea Califano’s precision-medicine discoveries in cancer biology. His philosopher-physicist mind is the creative ground to discover new treatments for cancer. “A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. There’s nothing magical about what we do. It’s just that nobody had kind of thought of cancer in this way,” said Califano. The aestheticists want to face the material world with all the capacities of the human to see and imagine. Tissue engineer Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic exposed the creative powers of aesthetics in the practice of a scientist. It was the novel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea of her work as “sliding planes”: “Each of the sliding planes is a body of knowledge. Then they travel past each other, and somehow connect with each other. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the fourth plane was the time. That is how the book was constructed, I believe, and this is how we do science.” Knowing and seeing require connections between the internal world of the seer or knower, the external world of the seeable and knowable, and the world of witnesses who receive what becomes seen or known. These connections, what I call “telling”, are achieved through narrative acts like speech. It creates a network, bridging from person to person. Nabila El-Bassel, an international leader in studying the most hard-to-deal-with global health problems, confirmed the necessity of listening to all “telling” voices. El-Bassel and her teams are listeners of their subjects’ lived experiences, making sure that suffering individuals are heard and valued. Recognising the fundamental roles of epistemology, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avoids costly oppositions between arts and sciences. With all three discovery modes engaged, scientists gradually recognise why suffering matters, how delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and how urgent medicine’s mission is. Health care’s response to disease could then embrace the pursuit to comprehend phenomena deep within the cell and to face up to social issues vast across the Earth. 1．What does the word “hindsight” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Innovative mindset. B．Blind-minded thinking. C．Long-term perspective. D．Reflective understanding. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．The author has a preference for narrative studies. B．El-Bassel focuses on seeable external phenomena. C．Gordana values tackling problems from diverse angles. D．Califano’s breakthrough sets ground for cancer biology. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Integration of art and science is hard to achieve. B．Three discovery modes can balance sickness and health. C．Meeting social needs is as vital as doing biological studies. D．Medical research helps realise the role of three discovery modes. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Art of Science: Knowing, Seeing, and Telling B．Three Modes of Discovery: Can Artists Be Scientists? C．A Costly Conflict: The Battle Between Art and Science D．The Medicine’s Mission: Are Scientists Brave to Complete? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了艺术家和科学家在探索未知时所共用的三种发现模式：认知、观察和叙述。通过具体实例，展示了这些模式在医学研究等领域的应用，并强调了艺术与科学融合的重要性。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. ( ，很多想法最终都非常非常简单。但很难预见到这些简单的想法最终是否会奏效。)”可知，很多想法在事后看来很简单，但在当时很难预见其是否有效。由此可知，hindsight表示“事后看来，反思性的理解”，与D项“Reflective understanding（反思性的理解）”意思一致。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The aestheticists want to face the material world with all the capacities of the human to see and imagine. Tissue engineer Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic exposed the creative powers of aesthetics in the practice of a scientist. It was the novel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea of her work as “sliding planes”: “Each of the sliding planes is a body of knowledge. Then they travel past each other, and somehow connect with each other. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the fourth plane was the time. That is how the book was constructed, I believe, and this is how we do science.”(审美主义者希望以人类所有的观察和想象能力来面对物质世界。组织工程师Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic在科学实践中展示了美学的创造力。正是小说《亚历山大四重奏》让她有了“滑动平面”的工作理念：“每个滑动平面都是一个知识体系。然后它们相互经过，并以某种方式相互连接。有三个滑动平面，是三个不同角色的视角。然后第四个平面是时间。我相信，这本书就是这样构建的，我们做科学也是这样构建的。)”可知，Gordana从小说中获得了灵感，将不同视角和知识体系结合起来进行科学研究，这表明她重视从不同角度解决问题。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Recognising the fundamental roles of epistemology, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avoids costly oppositions between arts and sciences. With all three discovery modes engaged, scientists gradually recognise why suffering matters, how delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and how urgent medicine’s mission is. Health care’s response to disease could then embrace the pursuit to comprehend phenomena deep within the cell and to face up to social issues vast across the Earth. (认识到认识论、美学和叙事研究在医学研究中的基本作用，可以避免艺术与科学之间代价高昂的对立。通过这三种发现模式的参与，科学家们逐渐认识到为什么痛苦很重要，疾病与健康之间的平衡是多么微妙，以及医学的使命是多么紧迫。医疗对疾病的反应可以包括追求理解细胞深处的现象，以及面对全球范围内的社会问题。)”可知，医疗对疾病的反应可以包括追求理解细胞深处的现象，以及面对全球范围内的社会问题，由此可知，满足社会需求和进行生物学研究同样重要。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether artists or scientists, investigators strike out from what is known to brave the unknown in acts of creative discovery. Think of artists and scientists as users of three modes of discovery: knowing, seeing, and telling. (无论是艺术家还是科学家，调查者都从已知的事物中勇敢地面对未知的事物，进行创造性的发现。把艺术家和科学家看作是三种发现模式的使用者：认知、观察和叙述。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了艺术家和科学家在探索未知时所共用的三种发现模式：认知、观察和叙述，并通过具体实例展示了这些模式在医学研究等领域的应用。A项“The Art of Science: Knowing, Seeing, and Telling（科学的艺术：认知、观察和叙述）”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $