综合专题01 阅读理解应用文+议论文（专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语真题题源解密

**基本信息** 聚焦阅读理解应用文与议论文分类训练，覆盖高频考点，通过真实情境语篇提升信息筛选与逻辑分析能力，契合高考命题趋势。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文|30题（10篇）|以细节理解、推理判断为主，涉及实习、课程、志愿者等实用话题|信息结构化呈现，按“需求-条件-价值”逻辑链组织，培养快速定位关键信息的语言能力| |议论文|20题（5篇）|含观点分析、词义猜测、主旨归纳，主题涵盖科技影响、认知偏差等|围绕核心论点展开论证，通过对比、举例构建深层逻辑，提升批判性思维品质|

综合专题01 阅读理解应用文+议论文 （时间100分钟，50个小题，每题2分，满分100分） 一、阅读理解应用文（30个小题，每题2分，共60分） Passage 1 （2026·北京朝阳·模拟预测）Are you passionate about global affairs? Join an online International Relations research internship (实习). In this month-long internship, you’ll explore geopolitical issues and analyse real-world examples of how digital tools shape public opinion, expand global influence, and raise questions about control, ethics and privacy. Supported by your tutor, you’ll collaborate with your fellow interns to co-author an academic research paper for publication on this cutting-edge topic. Why Take an International Relations Internship? • Build your expertise, develop key skills and connect with like-minded students as you explore the world of political research. • Master key concepts through a comprehensive research internship that explores current affairs in international relations. • Enhance key skills such as academic writing, critical thinking, and project management — all designed to help your application stand out to top-tier universities. • Join a diverse network of future leaders from around the world. Work together on research projects, participate in discussions, and develop essential cross-cultural communication and teamwork skills. • Get a Letter of Recommendation from your tutor, highlighting your strengths, participation, personality and more. What are the entry requirements the internship? • You must be aged between 11-18 years old. • You must be motivated to learn more about the subject. It would be ideal to include a personal statement on the application. • You must be able to speak, read and understand English well. Though we require no formal testing, our minimum English level is Common European Framework Level C1, which equates to IELTS 6.5. If you’d like to arrange a call to check whether you have the right level of English, please feel free to contact us. 1．What can interns do during the month-long internship? A．Address geopolitical issues. B．Increase personal public influence. C．Publish a research paper individually. D．Study how digital tools affect global affairs. 2．What might be the benefit of taking the internship? A．Gaining admission to top universities. B．Becoming a leader of academic discussion. C．Earning a personalised recommendation letter. D．Joining the Ambassador Programme automatically. 3．Which of the following is a requirement of the internship? A．Applicants have to be over 18 to apply for it. B．A personal statement is a must for registration. C．Applicants should call to test the English level. D．IELTS 6.5 is the lowest acceptable English level. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了一个为期一个月的在线国际关系研究实习项目，包括项目内容、参与收益以及申请要求。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In this month-long internship, you’ll explore geopolitical issues and analyse real-world examples of how digital tools shape public opinion, expand global influence, and raise questions about control, ethics and privacy. (在这个为期一个月的实习中，你将探索地缘政治问题，并分析数字工具如何塑造公众舆论、扩大全球影响力以及引发控制、伦理和隐私问题的真实案例)”可知，实习生可以研究数字工具如何影响全球事务。 2．细节理解题。根据“Why Take an International Relations Internship?”部分最后“Get a Letter of Recommendation from your tutor, highlighting your strengths, participation, personality and more. (获得导师的推荐信，信中会强调你的优势、参与度、个性等)”可知，参加实习的好处之一是获得个性化的推荐信。 3．细节理解题。根据“What are the entry requirements the internship?”部分中“Though we require no formal testing, our minimum English level is Common European Framework Level C1, which equates to IELTS 6.5. (虽然我们不需要正式的测试，但我们的最低英语水平是欧洲共同框架C1级，相当于雅思6.5分)”可知，雅思6.5分是可接受的最低英语水平要求。 Passage 2 （2026·北京·模拟预测）With the arrival of digital technology, digital libraries now have a wealth of free resources, making information easily accessible at no cost. Knowing where to search helps you to uncover a diverse arrangement of free e-books, audio-books and other online materials. Internet Archive The Internet Archive, possibly the largest digital library, houses a treasure of over 36 million e books, alongside 778 billion web pages and millions of videos, concerts, audio files and software programs. Acting as a digital time machine, it preserves unique items from the1990s and earlier, E-books are carefully organized by category, collection, author, topic, or year. Users can rate and review books and even upload their own media after registration. Open Library Sign up for Open Library to borrow and read millions of free e-books. Browse multiple genres(文体), filter results by subject or author, and search for specific titles. You can also preview and “ borrow” random e-books. Registered users can create custom reading lists and add new books. The platform offers both e-books and audio-books, satisfying all preferences. Smashwords Unlike other digital libraries featuring timeless classics, Smashwords stands out by highlighting independent authors and new releases. You can read e-books online or download them in PDF and EPUB．Personalize your search by selecting free books and choosing lengths from under 20,000 to over 100,000 words. ManyBooks Manybooks holds over 50,000 e-books across diversities of genres and categories. You can narrow down your searches by genre, language and rating. Each e book page indicates its availability for free download or online reading. Detailed descriptions, author information and summaries help you make sound selections. Each e-book comes with an extensive description of the story and the author, as well as a book summary to understand the book you are considering. 1．Which library allows readers to upload their own digital materials? A．Open Library. B．Smashwords. C．ManyBooks. D．Internet Archive. 2．Both Open Library and ManyBooks offer_______. A．free software programs B．multiple e-book genres C．individualized reading lists D．detailed authors’ information 3．Where is the passage most likely chosen from? A．A guide on how to borrow e-books. B．An introduction of the benefits of digital libraries. C．A review of various digital platforms for free resources. D．An instruction on how to upload contents to online libraries 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个免费的数字图书馆。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Internet Archive”部分中的“Users can rate and review books and even upload their own media after registration.(用户可以对书籍进行评分和评论，甚至在注册后上传自己的媒体。)”可知，互联网档案馆允许读者上传自己的数字资料。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据“Open Library”部分提到“Browse multiple genres(文体), filter results by subject or author, and search for specific titles.(浏览多种类型，按主题或作者过滤结果，并搜索特定的标题。)”以及“ManyBooks”部分提到“Manybooks holds over 50,000 e-books across diversities of genres and categories.(Manybooks拥有超过5万本不同类型和类别的电子书。)”可知，这两个图书馆都提供多种电子书类型。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With the arrival of digital technology, digital libraries now have a wealth of free resources, making information easily accessible at no cost. Knowing where to search helps you to uncover a diverse arrangement of free e-books, audio-books and other online materials.(随着数字技术的到来，数字图书馆现在拥有丰富的免费资源，使信息易于免费获取。知道在哪里搜索可以帮助你找到各种各样的免费电子书、有声书和其他在线材料)”文章主要介绍了几个提供免费资源的数字图书馆，包括它们的特色、资源种类等，属于对各种免费资源数字平台的介绍和评论，由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能选自各种免费资源的数字平台综述。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026·北京·三模）Pre-sessional Course in Academic English The University of Oxford Language Centre is pleased to offer an Online Pre-sessional English course. This six-week intensive programme provides international students admitted to Oxford with the necessary academic writing and speaking skills to prepare them for studying in English at Oxford. International academics, and students preparing to study at universities other than Oxford, are also welcome to apply. Application deadline: Monday 29 June 2026 Course dates: Monday 6 July — Friday 14 August 2026 Admission requirements Applicants will need to provide evidence of their English language test result before being admitted to the Pre-sessional course. Please see the University’s English language requirements for undergraduate study and postgraduate study. Test Minimum score for courses requiring standard level Minimum score for courses requiring higher level IELTS Academic 6.5 overall 7.0 overall TOEFL iBT 92 overall 100 overall C1 Advanced Test 176 185 C2 Level Test 176 185 Oxford Test of English Advanced 145 155 What you will study The course will be delivered through real-time classes, small workshops, online lectures recorded by our Academic English team, and one-to-one and group live tutorials (辅导) with English tutors. Specifically, this English Course will help students to: Write academic English for different audiences and purposes. Understand grammatical aspects of language that pose difficulty for non-native writers. Read more effectively, with increased efficiency and speed. Improve their pronunciation and learn to speak confidently in lectures and workshops. Develop academic study skills such as searching for information and referencing sources. Benefits of our online course You can follow the course from the convenience of your home without needing to travel to Oxford. Using cutting-edge technology and software, the specifically designed online course offers the same quality of experience as our in-person offering. You will receive regular personalised tutorials and feedback from our language tutors. You will have the opportunity to meet and socialise with students from around the world in a virtual classroom environment. More details will be available from the student handbook which will be sent to all students two weeks prior to the course start date. 1．An applicant for the Pre-sessional Course is required to ________. A．be an Oxford student or academic B．provide proof of English competence C．submit the application by 6 July 2026 D．take an English test organized by Oxford 2．Which student is qualified for a higher level course? A．One with 189 in C2 Level Test. B．One with 6.5 overall in IELTS. C．One with 93 overall in TOEFL iBT. D．One with 178 in C1 Advanced Test. 3．What can a learner do in the pre-sessional course? A．Receive in-person tutorials with English tutors. B．Socialise with international students at Oxford. C．Master the use of cutting-edge teaching software. D．Enhance comprehensive English language abilities. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】文章介绍牛津大学语言中心开设的线上学前学术英语课程，包含申请时间、录取标准、授课内容与课程优势相关信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Admission requirements中的“Applicants will need to provide evidence of their English language test result before being admitted to the Pre-sessional course.(申请者在获准进入学前课程之前需要提供英语考试成绩证明)”可知，申请者需要提交英语能力相关证明。 2．细节理解题。根据表格中higher level对应分数：C2 Level Test 需185分及以上可知，A选项“One with 189 in C2 Level Test.(C2 等级考试取得189分)”高于 185，符合高标准要求。 3．细节理解题。根据What you will study 板块罗列内容“Write academic English...Understand grammatical aspects...Read more effectively...Improve their pronunciation...Develop academic study skills (撰写学术英语、攻克语法难点、高效阅读、改善发音、培养学术技能)”可知，参加前学术英语课程能够提升综合英语能力。 Passage 4 （2026·北京·三模）Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university. SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there. Courses SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit. Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance. SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice. Application Students are selected based on the following criteria: 1. Strong academic record 2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc. 3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher 4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required. SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet. Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information. 1．What can we learn about SHAPE? A．It suits students talented in STEM. B．It shows the procedure of learning STEM. C．It serves as the start of students’ college life. D．It gives students chances to work with engineers. 2．In SHAPE, students can . A．be free to explore the MakerSpace B．earn college credit for future study C．put school knowledge into practice D．be equipped with skills for engineering 3．To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to . A．show their family financial state B．answer all the given questions C．pay application fees before deadline D．prove their learning capability 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项针对高中生和应届毕业生的选择性大学预科课程：SHAPE。介绍了其课程特色以及申请要求。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.(SHAPE是为具有STEM：科学、技术、工程和数学天赋的学生量身定制的)”可知，SHAPE适合在STEM领域有天赋的学生。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.(SHAPE让学生对成为一名工程师意味着什么有了一个更现实的认识，它的专业发展部分帮助学生发展他们到达那里所需的技能)”可知，在SHAPE，学生可以掌握工程技能。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Application部分中“Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.(个人陈述，通过参与具有挑战性的课程、活动、项目等，展示对STEM的兴奋和兴趣)”可知，申请条件中需要学生陈述自己参加过的有挑战性的课程、活动、项目，这能证明自己的学习能力，由此可知，为了在SHAPE获得一席之地，学生需要证明自己的学习能力。故选D。 Passage 5 （2026·北京·三模）To further promote green development and raise public environmental awareness, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment will hold the 2026 Beijing International Environmental Protection Expo (BIEPE) at the China National Convention Center from August 20th to 26th, 2026. To guarantee smooth operation and quality services for domestic and foreign participants, the expo is now recruiting volunteers, who should be responsible, communicative and enthusiastic about environmental protection. Volunteers will be assigned to four functional groups based on their strengths and interests: ◆ Reception Group: Receive VIP guests, register participants and answer on-site questions. ◆ Translation Group: Open only to candidates with CET-6 550+ or equivalent English ability; provide simultaneous interpretation and document translation for international participants. ◆ Exhibition Guide Group: Introduce theme pavilions, environmental protection technologies and featured exhibits to visitors. ◆ Activity Coordination Group: Help organize on-site interactive activities, arrange venue layouts and cooperate with related departments. Pre-service training will be provided from August 10th to 18th, covering expo background, service rules, environmental knowledge and emergency handling. During the expo, volunteers work six hours daily with a one-hour break. The committee offers free accommodation, three meals a day, work uniforms and a volunteer certificate. Outstanding volunteers will gain the title of “Excellent Volunteer” and get a chance to join international environmental exchange events in 2027. Application Requirements: ◆ Applicants aged eighteen to twenty-five must be full-time college students or graduates within one year, with good academic performance and no disciplinary punishment. ◆ Fluent Mandarin is required; Translation Group applicants need valid English proficiency certificates. ◆ Applicants must attend all training and the whole expo without absence. ◆ Good team spirit, strong adaptability and the ability to deal with emergencies independently are needed. Application Methods: Qualified applicants should send application materials (personal resume, student ID or graduation certificate, and relevant proficiency certificates if needed) to the official email: biepe2026@126.com before July 30th, 2026. We welcome your participation to build a green and low-carbon future together. 1．Who can apply for the volunteer work? A．A twenty-six-year-old graduate with a high level of English. B．An eighteen-year-old high school student with good team spirit. C．A twenty- two-year-old college student with no disciplinary record. D．A twenty-four-year-old graduate who cannot attend all the training. 2．What can volunteers gain from this experience? A．Better emergency response skills. B．More chances of getting special titles. C．Better living conditions during the Expo. D．More opportunities for cultural exchange. 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To look for volunteers for the Expo. B．To introduce the volunteer work at the Expo. C．To encourage young people to join green activities. D．To raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 【导语】主要介绍2026北京国际环保博览会招募志愿者信息，含分组分工、福利、报名条件与提交方式。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Application Requirements中的“Applicants aged eighteen to twenty-five must be full-time college students or graduates within one year, with good academic performance and no disciplinary punishment.(申请者年龄在18至25周岁，须为全日制在校生或毕业一年内的学生，成绩优良且无违纪处分。)”可知，22岁无违纪记录的大学生符合报名条件。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pre-service training will be provided from August 10th to 18th, covering expo background, service rules, environmental knowledge and emergency handling.(岗前培训于8.10至8.18开展，内容包含展会概况、服务规范、环保知识以及应急处理。)”可知，志愿者能够提升应急处置能力。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“To guarantee smooth operation and quality services for domestic and foreign participants, the expo is now recruiting volunteers, who should be responsible, communicative and enthusiastic about environmental protection.(为保障展会顺利举办、为海内外参会者提供优质服务，展会现面向社会招募有责任心、善于沟通、热衷环保的志愿者。)”可知，文章目的是为博览会招募志愿者。 Passage 6 （25-26高三下·北京·开学考试）Expecting to travel abroad but lacking a loose budget? Interested in meaningful volunteering programs but worried about issues like your security or working conditions? Here comes a right place for you — Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary (保护区) . Highlights ◆Volunteering with elephants and bringing them back into their natural habitat ◆Making a difference in the conservation efforts to save elephants living under awful conditions ◆Helping teach English to the communities and raising awareness about the captive (圈养的) elephant situation ◆Wandering the forests and observe elephant’s natural behaviors in their home environment Our Sanctuary Our sanctuary has rescued 5 elephants from the tourism industry and we have now brought them home to live out their lives in the forest, in semi-wild conditions. We need volunteers to help us keep these elephants happy and healthy in their natural habitat. With volunteer support, we hope to return more elephants to the forest soon. Your tasks ◆Performing research with other group members on the natural elephant behaviors and the surrounding forest ◆Taking part in community projects such as teaching English at the school and to other locals ◆Carrying out litter pick-ups with the kids to educate on waste management Your Rough Schedule: Day 1: Pickup from Chiang Mai at 9 am. Travel through a national park and stunning mountains until you arrive in our unique village. Meet your homestay family and the other volunteers, and immerse yourself in hill tribe culture. Day 2: Wake up early to hike in the forest and find our elephants. Spend the morning recording and learning about these amazing animals and their natural behaviors. Return to the village in the late afternoon and take part in our community & camp & teaching projects. Day 3: Another early start to hike to observe our elephants one last time. Return to Chiang Mai in the afternoon. 1．Which of the following is a feature of volunteer work at the sanctuary? A．Looking after captive elephants with the locals. B．Seeking and observing elephants in natural forests. C．Helping rescue elephants living in the poor environment. D．Teaching people to conserve elephants’ natural habitat. 2．According to the passage, volunteers should _________. A．participate in anti-poverty projects B．have the ability to go hiking C．master local languages and know about tribe culture D．undertake research into wild elephants independently 3．Where does this text most probably come from? A．A vacation brochure. B．A travel diary. C．A geographical essay. D．An educational website 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是Kindred Spirit大象保护区的志愿者招募信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段Highlights中的“Making a difference in the conservation efforts to save elephants living under awful conditions(为保护生活在恶劣环境下的大象做出了贡献。)”和Our Sanctuary中的“Our sanctuary has rescued 5 elephants from the tourism industry and we have now brought them home to live out their lives in the forest, in semi-wild conditions.(我们的保护区已经从旅游业中解救了 5 头大象，并且现在已将它们带回森林中生活，让它们在半野生的环境中生活。)”可知，保护去志愿者工作的一个特点就帮助拯救生活在恶劣环境中的大象。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据Your Rough Schedule中的“Travel through a national park and stunning mountains until you arrive in our unique village.(穿过国家公园和壮丽的山脉，直到抵达我们独特的村庄。)”、“Wake up early to hike in the forest and find our elephants.(早起去森林徒步，找到我们的大象。)”和“Another early start to hike to observe our elephants one last time. Return to Chiang Mai in the afternoon.(清晨再次早起徒步，最后一次观察我们的大象。下午返回清迈。)”可推知，作为一名志愿者，应该具有连续几天徒步旅行的能力。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Expecting to travel abroad but lacking a loose budget? Interested in meaningful volunteering programs but worried about issues like your security or working conditions? Here comes a right place for you — Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary (保护区) .(想要出国旅行却没有宽松的预算？对有意义的志愿者项目感兴趣却担心安全或工作条件等问题？这里有一个适合你的地方——志同道合大象保护区。)”可知，出国旅游或是作志愿者一般都是假期可以进行的活动，故本文可能出自一个假日宣传册。故选A。 Passage 7 （25-26高三下·北京·开学考试）Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. 1. Guard Your Time You do not need large amounts of time to be productive. Instead, be focused in short blocks when you can work without interruption. Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimize distractions—including silencing notifications (通知) on your cellphone or laptop. 2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time. Examine the remaining projects, and estimate the amount and type of effort each requires. 3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. 4. Set Goals Set goals related to effort. For example, plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studying a pre-determined concept. Also, set goals related to the completion of specific tasks or projects. For instance, give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you must write. 5. Identify the Rewards It pays to clarify the rewards this term—whether those rewards are internal, such as the feeling of accomplishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well, or external, such as getting a good grade. Work to build good habits and strategies now. It will pay off in the future. 1．What skills do the first two tips relate to? A．Writing skills. B．Social skills. C．Teamwork skills. D．Time management skills. 2．According to the passage, which can help you most when you are faced with a big task? A．Tip 2. B．Tip 3. C．Tip 4. D．Tip 5. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork. B．To analyze students' difficulties of learning from home. C．To offer students advice on how to improve productivity. D．To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。即使在最好的时候,也很难有动力去做你的学业。因此,你在家里学习的时候,找到动力是额外的挑战。文章介绍一些建议可以最大化你的动机。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据1. Guard Your Time中的“You do not need large amounts of time to be productive.（你不需要大量的时间来提高效率）” 和2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed中的“Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time.（写下你需要完成的工作，因为你一次能回忆和处理的信息是有限的）”，由此可知，前两条建议涉及“时间管理”技能。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones中“Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. （把大的项目分解成更小的、更易于管理的任务可以让你达到最大的效率和效果。你分配的任务应该遵循一个逻辑顺序。此外，列一个清单，然后从清单上划掉一些东西，真的很令人满足）”，由此可知，根据文章，当你面对一个大任务时，Tip 3可以帮助你最大。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. （说实话:即使在最好的时候，你也很难有动力去做功课。所以，当你在家里学习时，找到动力是额外的挑战。这里有一些建议，可以最大化你的动机）”，可知，这篇文章的主要目的是就如何提高工作效率向学生提供建议。故选C。 Passage 8 （25-26高三上·北京朝阳·阶段检测）There are many ways to get involved and volunteer at the National Museum of American History. Becoming a Museum Ambassador is one of them. To learn more about this volunteer program, please see the descriptions below. Museum Ambassadors at the American History Museum are a mobile source of information that helps bridge the gap between two other volunteer groups here at the museum — information desk specialists, who provide orientation (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and volunteer docents (讲师), who provide Highlights tours, facilitate hands-on demonstrations and circulate through many of our exhibitions to interact with visitors. Each year, our Museum Ambassadors help over 100,000 people get the most out of their visits by welcoming groups, circulating throughout the museum's public zones to answer basic questions, and directing visitors to programs and exhibitions of interest. The museum has also employed the Museum Ambassadors to assist with special projects and events as needed. To learn more about what Museum Ambassadors do, check out what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadors, we get to share in the curiosity of a child, the nostalgia (怀旧) of returning visitors, the treasure hunt of students assigned to find important historical objects, and the amazement of those experiencing our eye on the nation's history for the first time. We can help recommend a meaningful museum visit just for you. There's more. We're also traffic cops when elevators and escalators break and extra eyes for museum security." If you enjoy… •interacting with diverse audiences, age groups and learning styles. •working in an often busy and changing environment. If you have… •strong interpersonal and communication skills. •an interest in history and communication. If you can… commit to three shifts a month (weekday Ambassadors) or twice a month (weekend Ambassadors). The museum is open 364 days a year, including weekends and holidays. •handle frequent walking, standing, and talking. To Apply To learn more information about the application process, please contact Ruth Shirley. NOTE: Acceptance into the program is subject to successful completion of an interview and background investigation. 1．Which one is the responsibility of Museum Ambassadors? A．To receive visitors at the entrance. B．To take full charge of museum security. C．To direct visitors to their exhibitions of interest. D．To help visitors with hands-on demonstrations 2．A qualified Museum Ambassador should________. A．enjoy communicating with people B．speak at least two foreign languages C．have academic background in history D．commit to working three shifts at weekends 3．The author writes this passage mainly to__________. A．introduce volunteer programs for teenagers B．provide special tours to meet different needs C．invite people to visit the American History Museum D．attract potential applicants for Museum Ambassadors 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要通过介绍博物馆大使这个志愿者工作，来吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each year, our Museum Ambassadors help over 100,000 people get the most out of their visits by welcoming groups, circulating throughout the museum's public zones to answer basic questions, and directing visitors to programs and exhibitions of interest.(每年，我们的博物馆大使所做的是欢迎游客，在博物馆的公共区域巡回且回答游客的基本问题，并引导参观者参观感兴趣的项目和展览，通过做这些，我们的博物馆大使帮助了超过10万人，使他们在自己的旅游参观中有最大的收获。)”可知，博物馆大使的职责之一就是引导游客参观他们感兴趣的展览。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据If you have…部分“•strong interpersonal and communication skills.•an interest in history and communication. (较强的人际交往和沟通能力。对历史和沟通有兴趣。)”可知，一个合格的博物馆大使应该是喜欢与人交流和沟通，A项“enjoy communicating with people (喜欢和人交流)”符合，B项“speak at least two foreign languages (至少会说两种外语)”文中没有提到，C项“have academic background in history (具有历史学术背景)”文中也没有提到，文中只提到对历史感兴趣，所以C不对；根据If you can…部分中“twice a month (weekend Ambassadors). (一月两次换班（周末大使）)”可知，D选项“commit to working three shifts at weekends (承诺周末三班倒)”不符，故选A。 3.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段主要介绍了成为博物馆大使，可以在美国历史博物馆做志愿者。第二段主要介绍了博物馆大使的职责。第三段介绍了成为博物馆大使的一些好处。接着文章从申请人的意愿，条件，要求，申请等几个方面介绍博物馆大使的工作。所以可以得知，文章主要目的是为了吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士，故选D。 Passage 9 （2026·北京·模拟预测） If you’re moving in or moving out of your student accommodation, you might need a helping hand. Whether you’re having new purchases delivered to your dormitory, or searching for some place out of campus to store your things, BoxIt is always here to help. We store suitcases, cycles, sacks and stacks of other stuff in our secure sites. If you need packing materials, tell us and we’ll send them to you. You can upload photos of the things in each box to your own BoxIt account to remind yourself what is where, and then download our app to monitor your belongings as they move. When you’re ready, book the delivery of your boxes online. Just let us know what you need to be stored and we’ll send one of our staff to pick your things up, but remember that if the address we are delivering your boxes to is farther than 25 miles from where we picked them up, there is an additional charge. Collections are free from Monday to Friday if we collect between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Don’t leave any empty space in your box — this makes your box weaker and may damage the things inside, and not filling the box also means you need more boxes so it costs you more. And don’t put too much into your box — keep it under 25 kilos in weight. If you pack the following items in your boxes, we can’t be responsible for any damage to your things when we’re moving them: ·Knives and sharp objects ·Musical instruments in soft cases ·Food ·Antiques ·Pets or any other living creatures ·Mirrors or large glass items Make sure the driver can easily get into your place and that you are at your address for the full duration of the collection time. 1．To have items delivered by BoxIt, one needs to ________. A．order online B．download its app C．buy boxes from BoxIt D．send photos of the stuff to BoxIt 2．Customers are advised to ________. A．fill the box up B．prepare extra boxes C．wrap up sharp objects D．book service on weekends 3．What can we learn about BoxIt? A．It will check the items in the boxes. B．Its delivery supports remote tracking. C．Its service is intended for university staff. D．It can collect items in the absence of the owner. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了BoxIt这家为学生提供宿舍物品寄存、打包、上门取件和配送的服务，说明了业务范围、操作方式、收费规则、装箱要求以及禁寄物品和取件注意事项。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“When you’re ready, book the delivery of your boxes online.(当你准备好后，可以在线预约箱子的配送服务。)” 可知，想要使用BoxIt配送物品，需要在线下单预约。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Don’t leave any empty space in your box — this makes your box weaker and may damage the things inside, and not filling the box also means you need more boxes so it costs you more.(不要在箱子里留有空余空间，这会让箱子不牢固，还可能损坏里面的物品，而且不装满箱子也意味着你需要更多箱子，花费也会更高。)” 可知，平台建议顾客把箱子装满。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“You can upload photos of the things in each box to your own BoxIt account to remind yourself what is where, and then download our app to monitor your belongings as they move.(你可以将每个箱子里物品的照片上传到自己的BoxIt账户，方便记住物品存放位置，还可以下载应用程序实时追踪运送中的物品。)”可知，BoxIt的配送服务支持远程追踪物品动态。 Passage 10 （25-26高三下·北京·阶段检测）If you’re interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College Students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities. Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting-edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands-on learning. Academic life SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects. Campus/Residence life Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you’ll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips. Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities — and you’ll still have time for your own adventures on campus! EmailtheSPPofficeatsppoffice@mail.edu. 1．What does SPP aim to do? A．To help college students to achieve academic success. B．To get high school students well-prepared for college life. C．To provide admission guidelines for pre-college students. D．To encourage students to participate in hands-on learning. 2．What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits? A．Carry out STEM research. B．Attend various seminars. C．Finish the courses online. D．Join in experiential learning. 3．What can we know about students living on campus? A．They can organize social activities. B．They will have access to a single room. C．They are provided with good security. D．They are advised to direct comedy shows. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了大学预科学生暑期课程SPP，主要包括其提供的学术生活和校园生活两个方面的信息。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据Academic life中“SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. (SPP邀请你加入我们来自87个国家的高中生暑期项目，与其他积极进取的青少年一起跨入大学生活和学术领域，这使您能够接受新的学术挑战，探索各种兴趣并考虑可能的专业)”可知，SPP会帮助高中生跨入大学生活和学术领域。由此推知，其目标应该是让高中生为大学生活做好充分准备。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Academic life中“And you can also earn up to eight college credit s by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. (你还可以通过与个别导师或作为小组项目的一部分进行深入的STEM研究来获得大学学分，多达8个学分)”可知，为获得所需的学分，学生应当进行STEM研究。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据Campus/Residence life中“There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. (每个房间通常有两名学生，安全是我们的首要任务：宿舍有住校的大学工作人员和24小时保安)”可知，住在校园里的学生会有很好的安全保障。故选C项。 二、阅读理解议论文（20个小题，每题2分，共40分） Passage 11 （2026·北京大兴·三模）The Servant (1963) is an unforgettable film that ruthlessly explores the relationship between a cunning valet (Dirk Bogarde) and his weak-willed master (James Fox). The valet exploits his master’s weaknesses until their roles are reversed: by the end, the master humbly serves the valet. Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. Smart devices can be empowering. They provide instant access to a vast amount of information. They allow people to work from home instead of squeezing into crowded trains with strangers. This is especially helpful for parents who need flexible hours. Smartphones and tablets also improve efficiency by letting people use spare moments that would otherwise be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee. But for most people the servant has become the master. Not long ago only doctors were on call all the time. Now everybody is. Bosses think nothing of invading their employees’ free time. Work invades the home far more than domestic chores invade the office. Otherwise—some people check their smartphones obsessively, even during pre-dinner drinks, and send e-emails first thing in the morning and last thing at night. This is partly because smartphones are addictive. Smartphones provide relentless stimuli, stimulus interspersed with rewards. Whenever you check the glowing rectangle, there is a fair chance you will see a message from a client, a herogram from your boss or at least an e-mail from a stranger offering you $1m if you share your bank details with him. Hyperconnectivity exaggerates some of the most destabilizing trends in the modern workplace: the decline of certainty and the general cult of flexibility. Smartphones make it easier for managers to change their minds at the last moment: for example, to e-mail a minion at 11 pm to tell him he must fly to Pittsburgh tomorrow. Employees find it ever harder to distinguish between “on-time” and “off-time” — and indeed between real work and make-work. Executives are lumbered with two overlapping workdays: a formal one full of meetings and an informal one spent trying to keep up with the torrent of e-mails and messages. How can we reap the benefits of connectivity without becoming its slaves? One solution is digital dieting. Just as the abundance of junk food means that people have to be more disciplined about their eating habits, so the abundance of junk information means they have to be more disciplined about their browsing habits. Banning browsing before breakfast can reintroduce a little bit of civilization. Banning texting at weekends or, say, on Thursdays, can really show the iPhone who is boss. In “Sleeping with Your Smartphone”, Leslie Perlow argues that for most people the only way to break the 24/7 habit is to act collectively rather than individually. She tells the story of how one of the world’s most hard-working organizations, the Boston Consulting Group, learned to manage hyperconnectivity better. The firm introduced rules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them to work together to make this possible. It eventually forced people to work more productively while reducing burnout. 1．In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______. A．posing a contrast B．justifying reversed roles C．making a comparison D．explaining a film named “servant” 2．According to paragraph 5, which of the following is a consequence of hyperconnectivity in the workplace? A．Employees have fewer meetings during the formal workday. B．Managers find it harder to change plans at the last minute. C．Workers can clearly separate “on-time” from “off-time”. D．Executives face meetings and constant messages. 3．What solutions to hyperconnectivity does the author present? A．Banning browsing and texting. B．Individual digital dieting and collective action with shared offline rules. C．Acting collectively and forcing people to work more productively. D．Working more productively and reducing burnout. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．When Smartphones Become the Master of Humans. B．Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Devices. C．How to Break Away From Hyperconnectivity. D．The Film The Servant and Its Social Influence. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章以经典电影《仆人》中主仆身份颠倒的情节作类比，讨论了“智能手机从工具变为掌控人的“主人””这一现象。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The valet exploits his master’s weaknesses until their roles are reversed: by the end, the master humbly serves the valet. Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. (仆人利用主人的弱点，最终二人身份彻底颠倒：到最后，反倒变成主人卑微地侍奉仆人。而如今，人们难免联想到另一种失衡的关系 —— 人与智能手机之间的关系。)”可知，电影里主仆身份颠倒，而如今人和手机也形成了类似的失衡关系。由此可知，作者在首段通过进行类比来引出话题。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Executives are lumbered with two overlapping workdays: a formal one full of meetings and an informal one spent trying to keep up with the torrent of e-mails and messages.(高管们如今要应付两段重叠的工作时段：一段是充斥着各类会议的正式工作时间，另一段则是忙着处理海量邮件和消息的非正式时间。)”可知，根据第五段，全天候联网给职场带来的后果是高管既要参加会议，还要应对海量消息。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“One solution is digital dieting.(一个解决办法便是数字节食。)”和最后一段“In “Sleeping with Your Smartphone”, Leslie Perlow argues that for most people the only way to break the 24/7 habit is to act collectively rather than individually…. The firm introduced rules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them to work together to make this possible.(莱斯利・珀洛在《与手机同眠》一书中提出，对大多数人而言，想要摆脱全天候在线的状态，唯有依靠集体行动，而非单打独斗。……这家公司制定了员工离线休息的相关规定，并鼓励大家协作配合，落实这项制度。)”可知，作者提出了个人数字节食和集体执行离线规则等办法来应对过度联网。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. (而如今，人们难免联想到另一种失衡的关系 ——人与智能手机之间的关系。)”可知，文章主要讨论了手机从工具变成掌控人的“主人”这一现象，由此可知，A项“当智能手机成为人类的主宰”是适合的标题。 Passage 12 （2026·北京·模拟预测）Side-blotched lizards (侧斑蜥蜴) have a colorful set of mating strategies. Some males, with orange throats, are large and fight their way to a group of mates. Others, with blue throats, are a bit smaller and bond with just a single female. And then there is a third type. These lizards, which have yellow throats, look very similar to females. In a rock-paper-scissors-type mating strategy, the big orange ones can chase off the medium blue ones, who, in turn, can keep a close eye on their single mate. The yellow ones, however, sometimes sneak into (溜进) the big males’ group of mates. The lizards face a trade-off between abundance and the cost of confirmation. It is a trade-off that is increasingly of concern to humans, too. The cost of producing text, video or audio has declined; doing so now means just a few words on a chatbot rather than hours of effort. As a consequence, roughly half of articles published on the internet last year were AI-generated. How can internet users distinguish an article by a genuine but little-known news website from outright misinformation? Market participants often rely on “costly signals” to make such choices. An employer looking for a new hire, say, may seek applicants with a degree that took effort and a certain amount of skill, which indicates they might bring the same qualities to their work. The certificate allows employers to distinguish between good and bad applicants — creating what economists call a “separating equilibrium” and enabling transactions between willing participants. During an earlier information age, newspaper branding provided a costly signal. In what was, in game-theoretic terms, a “reputation game” newspapers would, issue by issue, reveal exactly how focused on the truth they were. Repeated interactions with a reader, when they were deciding which paper to purchase, constituted a separating equilibrium. Content farms, websites that copied reputable news pages but with made-up stories, however, can “sneak into” these brands like the yellow lizards. Thus the “separating equilibrium” is devolving into a “pooling equilibrium”, in which there is no way of telling between one type of creation and another. The problem with a “pooling equilibrium”, as George Akerlof put it in a Nobel-prizewinning paper, is that “Dishonest dealings tend to drive honest dealings out of the market.” Without a way to tell good from bad, buyers treat everything as bad. Among side-blotched lizards, the rock-paper-scissors nature of the lizards’ mating strategies means that if any of the colours becomes too common, one of the other types receives an advantage. Optimistically, then, an outpouring in the productivity of misinformation generators may provide a similar advantage to the journalistic equivalent of the blue-throated lizards — publications that jealously guard their reputation for truth-telling. 1．Why does the author mention the example of side-blotched lizards in Paragraph 1? A．To share a popular trend. B．To criticize a costly trade-off. C．To reveal a disturbing issue. D．To introduce a mating strategy. 2．According to the passage, which of the following is an example of separating equilibrium? A．Socially-responsible and profit-driven firms spend equally on charity. B．We tend to learn a common language regardless of native tongue. C．The expense of acquiring education is similar across ability types. D．Firms sustain high-input advertising campaigns to reflect quality. 3．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Content farms spare no efforts to focus on the truth. B．Readers can tell facts from fiction through costly signals. C．Publications lose competitiveness in maintaining reputation. D．The cost of confirming information genuineness has dropped. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Will Publications Survive in the Flood of Misinformation? B．Costly Signals: Trade-off Between Real and Made-up C．Misinformation: Threat to Newspapers’ Reputation D．Has Internet Supercharged Misinformation? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文以侧斑蜥蜴的博弈生存策略为引，阐释网络时代虚假信息泛滥，真假信息难以区分的社会问题。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a rock-paper-scissors-type mating strategy, the big orange ones can chase off the medium blue ones, who, in turn, can keep a close eye on their single mate. The yellow ones, however, sometimes sneak into (溜进) the big males’ group of mates.(在一种石头剪刀布式的交配策略中，体型大的橙色喉部蜥蜴可以赶走中等体型的蓝色喉部蜥蜴，而蓝色喉部蜥蜴能够密切守护自己唯一的配偶。然而黄色喉部蜥蜴有时会溜进大型雄性蜥蜴的配偶群中)”以及第二段“The lizards face a trade-off between abundance and the cost of confirmation. It is a trade-off that is increasingly of concern to humans, too.(这些蜥蜴面临着数量与验证成本之间的权衡，这也是人类愈发关注的一种权衡)”可知，作者列举蜥蜴例子，是为了引出后文人类社会真假信息混杂的严峻问题。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Market participants often rely on “costly signals” to make such choices. ...The certificate allows employers to distinguish between good and bad applicants — creating what economists call a “separating equilibrium” and enabling transactions between willing participants.(市场参与者通常依靠“高成本信号”做出此类选择……证书让雇主区分优劣求职者，形成经济学家所说的“分离均衡”)”可知，分离均衡指“依靠高成本投入区分优劣、辨别真伪”。D选项“企业投入高成本广告彰显品质”符合该定义。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Market participants often rely on “costly signals” to make such choices. An employer looking for a new hire, say, may seek applicants with a degree that took effort and a certain amount of skill, which indicates they might bring the same qualities to their work. (市场参与者往往依靠高成本信号做出这类选择。例如，招聘员工的雇主会寻找付出努力、具备一定技能才获得学位的求职者，这表明他们会将同等品质带入工作中)”可知，作者认可读者能够借助高成本信号分辨事实与虚假内容。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“The lizards face a trade-off between abundance and the cost of confirmation. It is a trade-off that is increasingly of concern to humans, too.(这些蜥蜴面临着数量与核验成本之间的权衡，这也是人类愈发关注的一种权衡)”以及第三段中“Market participants often rely on “costly signals” to make such choices.(市场参与者往往依靠高成本信号来做出这类判断)”可知，文章以蜥蜴生存策略作类比，围绕高成本信号展开，探讨真实信息与虚假信息之间的博弈权衡，B项“高成本信号：真实信息与虚假信息间的权衡”贴合全文核心主旨，适合作标题。故选 B。 Passage 13 （2026·北京朝阳·模拟预测）On warm summer evenings, the groundhog who lives beneath my deck likes to look across the field. As I watch, I sometimes wonder what is on her mind while she surveys her domain. The simple explanation is that she is watching for predators. But is that all there is to it? Might she also enjoy the sight of grasses swaying (摇曳) in the breeze? Might she even find them beautiful? We are comfortable describing these animals as having self-awareness, language-like communication, and even culture, but we hesitate to say they have a sense of beauty. Some scientists have come to think otherwise. They see our capacity to appreciate beauty as part of a shared evolutionary inheritance. But if a capacity for beauty is widespread, what about stimuli that are considered beautiful? Richard Prum, an evolutionary biologist, suggests that beauty demands “prolonged social and sensory engagement”. That engagement may have clear evolutionary benefits: an animal that hangs around on a flowering tree’s loveliness might have a better chance of remembering its location when fruiting season comes. To Prum, animals can only take aesthetic pleasure in those entities with which they have co-evolved: for example, bumblebees and the pinks of wild roses. After countless generations of evaluation and choice, those stimuli are now entrained in their brains. Though this is an untested proposition, it’s easy to imagine how aesthetic tastes could evolve for any stimuli that are relevant to an animal’s survival. Should my groundhog neighbour enjoy beauty in a field’s swaying grasses she might have a better chance of spotting an approaching fox. Such commonalities do not mean that we are alone in our unique about human concepts of beauty. Marcos Nadal, a cognitive psychologist, suggests that we are alone in our capacity to intellectualise beauty, creating definitions and abstractions that in turn shape our evaluations. Yet to me these distinctions are less meaningful than what we might share. Prum sees nature through a perspective of aesthetic co-evolution. This awareness adds a new dimension to conservation. “When we preserve nature,” says Prum, “we are preserving worlds in which other aesthetic pleasures can thrive.” We can also set our imaginations free to guess what other creatures find beautiful. What visual delights might birds find in the landscapes over which they fly? What could a sea turtle tell us about the elegance of nearshore currents? It’s all too easy to label wild animal life as violent and fearful, and to assume that their thoughts are dominated by calculations of survival. We don’t think so much about the pleasures they take, the moments of lightness, and it cheers me up to consider that just as I find satisfaction in the sight of grasses swaying in an evening breeze, so might a groundhog. 1．Why does the author mention the groundhog in the Paragraph 1? A．To explain an image. B．To express concerns. C．To share a phenomenon. D．To present an argument. 2．What does the word “entities” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Realities. B．Majorities. C．Beings. D．Settings. 3．As for Prum’s argument, the author is ______. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Why Do We Share Evolutionary Inheritance with Animals? B．What if Animals Find Beauty in the World just like We Do? C．What’s the Point of Confirm Animals Have Aesthetic Tastes? D．How Can a Sense of Beauty Contribute to Animals’ Survival? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】文章主要探讨了动物是否具有审美能力的问题，作者通过观察土拨鼠引出话题，并介绍了科学家关于动物审美进化的观点。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“On warm summer evenings, the groundhog who lives beneath my deck likes to look across the field. As I watch, I sometimes wonder what is on her mind while she surveys her domain. The simple explanation is that she is watching for predators. But is that all there is to it? Might she also enjoy the sight of grasses swaying (摇曳) in the breeze? Might she even find them beautiful?We are comfortable describing these animals as having self-awareness, language-like communication, and even culture, but we hesitate to say they have a sense of beauty. (在温暖的夏夜，住在我家露台下的那只土拨鼠喜欢眺望田野。我看着她，有时会好奇她在巡视自己的领地时，心里在想些什么。简单的解释是，她在警惕捕食者。但仅此而已吗？她是否也会欣赏草地在微风中摇曳的景象？她甚至会觉得它们很美吗？我们很乐意描述这些动物具有自我意识、类似语言的交流能力，甚至文化，但我们却犹豫是否承认它们具有美感)”以及后文对动物是否具有审美能力的探讨可知，作者提到土拨鼠是为了引出一个论点——动物是否具有审美能力。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“To Prum, animals can only take aesthetic pleasure in those entities with which they have co-evolved: for example, bumblebees and the pinks of wild roses. (对Prum来说，动物只能从它们共同进化过的entities中获得审美乐趣：例如，大黄蜂和野玫瑰的粉红色花朵)”可知，划线词entities后用‌举例的“bumblebees(大黄蜂)”和“pinks of wild roses(野玫瑰的粉红色花朵)”都是有生命的存在。结合“co-evolved(共同进化)”的语境，entities指的是与动物共同进化的‌“生命体”。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Though this is an untested proposition, it’s easy to imagine how aesthetic tastes could evolve for any stimuli that are relevant to an animal’s survival. (虽然这是一个未经检验的命题，但很容易想象出对于与动物生存相关的任何刺激，审美品味是如何进化的)”以及第四段中“Yet to me these distinctions are less meaningful than what we might share. Prum sees nature through a perspective of aesthetic co-evolution. This awareness adds a new dimension to conservation. (然而，对我来说，这些区别不如我们可能共享的东西有意义。Prum通过审美共同进化的视角来看待自然。这种意识为保护增添了新的维度)”可知，作者对Prum的观点持欣赏态度。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“We are comfortable describing these animals as having self-awareness, language-like communication, and even culture, but we hesitate to say they have a sense of beauty. (我们很乐意描述这些动物具有自我意识、类似语言的交流能力，甚至文化，但我们却犹豫是否承认它们具有美感)”以及最后一段“It’s all too easy to label wild animal life as violent and fearful... and it cheers me up to consider that just as I find satisfaction in the sight of grasses swaying in an evening breeze, so might a groundhog. (我们很容易把野生动物的生活贴上暴力和可怕的标签……让我感到振奋的是，正如我在晚风中看到草叶摇曳感到满足一样，土拨鼠可能也是如此)”可知，文章开篇通过土拨鼠的例子引出问题——动物是否具有审美能力，随后介绍了科学家关于动物审美进化的观点，并在最后一段表达了作者对动物也能像人类一样欣赏自然之美的期待。故B项“What if Animals Find Beauty in the World just like We Do? (如果动物像我们一样在世界上发现美呢？)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。 Passage 14 （2026·北京·三模）“If you can in one day renovate yourself, so do from day to day. Yea, let there be daily renovation.” Inscribed on King Cheng Tang’s washbasin, these words stress continuous self-improvement and constant change. Ezra Pound’s “Make it New” similarly advocated change as a core modernist ideal. Still, Pound wrote slowly; his epic The Cantos took 50 years, left fragmented and incomplete, with him regretting its lack of cohesion. Most of us have an antagonistic relationship to change. We prefer it when life coasts along with a sense that everything is stable and more-or-less on track. Yet French philosopher Henri Bergson noted, “To exist is to change… to go on creating oneself endlessly,” he writes. Life, according to Bergson, is a continuous process of creation and destruction, where we are caught between opposing forces. We notice change when it’s abrupt and final, like a job change or the death of a loved one. But Bergson believed change happens constantly, even in calm moments. He contended that our past follows us, shaping the present and leading us along unique paths. It is a comforting thought to acknowledge that we press upon our future at every moment in utterly novel ways — never predictable, nothing decided. But it also explains that quiet desperation we feel when life is going well, a sensation like trying to contain sand spilling through fingertips — how to stop the flow briefly to savour good times? Bergson rejected “clock time”, time quantified by mechanical ticking. He favoured “duration”, where time unfolds as a fluid, continuous flow rather than separate moments. We are the dancer moving through time, making it up as we go. “Pure duration is the form our conscious states assume when the ego lets itself live, refraining from separating present from former states,” he writes. Similarly, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus noted that change is the only constant. “All things are in a state of flux,” he said. Change, driven by opposing forces like life and death, light and dark, creates the world around us. Conflict, he believed, is essential for the creation of new things, and through this dynamic, novelty arises. In Taoism, the philosophy of Laozi, as written in the Tao Te Ching, also emphasizes the balance of opposites. The Yin-Yang symbol, representing interconnected forces like light and dark, illustrates this harmony. Ultimately, Pound’s call to “Make it New” reflects the truth of life itself: change is constant, and through the clash of opposing forces, we find new ideas and solutions. As Alan Watts said, “The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance.” Embracing change is crucial for growth and renewal. 1．What does the word “antagonistic” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Dependent. B．Resistant. C．Indifferent. D．Flexible. 2．According to the passage, what can we learn about clock time and duration? A．Clock time structures daily life. B．Duration measures fixed intervals. C．Duration flows as lived experience. D．Clock time enhances human awareness. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Stability holds greater value. B．Opposites push change forward. C．Change is well perceived in daily life. D．Conflict leads to creation and destruction. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Nothing but Change B．Conflict and Change C．The Flow of Time and Life D．Change in Thought and Art 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章借古今中外名家观点，论证变化是世间常态，对立力量促成改变，启示人们接纳变化方能实现自我成长与革新。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“We prefer it when life coasts along with a sense that everything is stable(我们更喜欢那种生活平稳、一切井然有序的状态)”可知，人们抵触变化，故划线词意思是“抵制的”。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He favoured “duration”, where time unfolds as a fluid, continuous flow rather than separate moments.(他更倾向于“持续性”这一概念，即时间是以一种流畅、连续的流动方式呈现的，而非由一个个独立的瞬间所构成)”可知，持续时间就如同生活经历一样，是不断流动的。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Change, driven by opposing forces like life and death, light and dark, creates the world around us.(由生死、光明与黑暗等相互对立的力量所驱动的变化，造就了我们所生活的这个世界)”可知，相反的事物推动着变革向前发展。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, Pound’s call to “Make it New” reflects the truth of life itself: change is constant, and through the clash of opposing forces, we find new ideas and solutions. As Alan Watts said, “The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance.” Embracing change is crucial for growth and renewal.(最终，庞德所倡导的“使之新颖”这一理念反映了生活本身的真相：变化是永恒的，通过对立力量的碰撞，我们能够获得新的想法和解决方案。正如艾伦·瓦茨所说：“要理解变化，唯一的办法就是投身其中，与之共舞，融入其中。”接受变化对于成长和更新至关重要)”结合文章借古今中外名家观点，论证变化是世间常态，对立力量促成改变，启示人们接纳变化方能实现自我成长与革新。可知，A选项“只有变革”最符合文章标题。 Passage 15 （2026·北京·模拟预测）A hundred years ago, scientists were sure of many truths. The greatest experts were certain that the universe had always existed and was always the size it is now. Biochemists believed that, outside the nucleus, the interior of a human cell contained little more than busy enzymes — a “biochemical bog” that carried out all the reactions that are essential to life. These sureties were all wrong. Yet scientists reacted to challenges to their accepted truths with dismissal and skepticism. I began to see how common this knee-jerk reaction was as I researched my book on how scientists reconstructed the journey of our body’s atoms from the big bang to now. So many theories that we now consider great breakthroughs were at first waved off, like annoying gnats. Why? We all know that some researchers are territorial, or fear a new theory will undercut their work. But why did entire communities of scientists reject groundbreaking ideas — even those backed by sound evidence? Puzzled, I tried to categorize the reasons why and found six cognitive biases that arose so often I gave them nicknames. For instance, the “You Look For and See the Evidence That Matches Your Existing Theory” bias impeded our understanding of diseases like scurvy (坏血病) and beriberi (脚气病), which were killing millions. Scientists tried to explain these illnesses with the ancient Greek theory of humors, then germ theory, before arriving at the concept of vitamin deficiency. How could so many brilliant scientists have been so ignorant? If you look a little deeper, you will find that none of us is immune. A Microsoft executive once said: “There’s no chance that the iPhone is going to get market share.” When covid-19 struck, we all thought we would be back at work in just a few weeks. We will never be entirely rid of biases. Biases are part of the human condition, and scientists need to be aware their brains are full of them. As those I profiled discovered, our cells are crammed, not just with enzymes, but with a mind-boggling collection of molecular machines. DNA, not protein, is the molecule responsible for heredity. And the universe was once contained in a tiny point of space and time. All kinds of things are possible that we would never expect. That is the beauty of life. The history of scientific innovation encourages us to examine evidence with an open mind and try to see the world not as we would like it to be, but — to the extent that we can — as it truly is. Understanding this helps us to appreciate the amazing world we live in. 1．What does the example of biochemists in paragraph 1 imply? A．To stress the importance of innovation. B．To indicate the advancement of biochemistry. C．To emphasize the harm of fake science. D．To reveal the hardwired problem of scientists. 2．What does the writer stress on bias? A．It uniquely affects researchers. B．It’s unavoidable in humans. C．It fades with rich experience. D．It blocks all scientific studies. 3．What’s implied about human cognition? A．Minds have internal limitations. B．People tend to judge objectively. C．Biases totally ruin creativity. D．Old views never get replaced. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Embrace the complexity of our life. B．Solid evidence is a must for new findings. C．Allow scientists to make mistakes. D．Ease the prejudice in sciences research. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要说明了历史上诸多科学家固守成见、否定新理论，源于难以根除的认知偏见并呼吁科研抛开主观偏见、立足事实客观探索。 【详解1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A hundred years ago, scientists were sure of many truths. The greatest experts were certain that the universe had always existed and was always the size it is now. Biochemists believed that, outside the nucleus, the interior of a human cell contained little more than busy enzymes — a “biochemical bog” that carried out all the reactions that are essential to life. These sureties were all wrong. Yet scientists reacted to challenges to their accepted truths with dismissal and skepticism.(一百年前，科学家们对许多事情都确信无疑。最顶尖的专家坚信宇宙自古以来就一直存在，并且始终保持着如今的规模。生物化学家认为，在细胞核之外，人体细胞内部除了繁忙的酶之外几乎别无他物——一个“生化沼泽”，负责进行所有维持生命所必需的化学反应。然而，这些信念全都错了。尽管如此，科学家们面对对这些被广泛接受的真理的挑战时，却以轻视和怀疑的态度回应)”可知，第一段中生物化学家的例子暗示了揭示科学家固有的问题。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We will never be entirely rid of biases. Biases are part of the human condition, and scientists need to be aware their brains are full of them.(我们永远无法完全摆脱偏见。偏见是人类固有的部分，科学家需要意识到自己的大脑中充满了偏见)”可知，作者强调了偏见在人类中是不可避免的。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“How could so many brilliant scientists have been so ignorant? If you look a little deeper, you will find that none of us is immune. A Microsoft executive once said: “There’s no chance that the iPhone is going to get market share.” When covid-19 struck, we all thought we would be back at work in just a few weeks.(这么多杰出的科学家怎么会如此无知？如果你再仔细观察，就会发现我们当中没有一个人是例外。一位微软高管曾说过：“iPhone的市场份额不可能实现。”当新冠疫情爆发时，我们都以为几周内就能重返工作岗位)”可知，人类认知的隐含含义是心理存在内在局限性。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“All kinds of things are possible that we would never expect. That is the beauty of life. The history of scientific innovation encourages us to examine evidence with an open mind and try to see the world not as we would like it to be, but — to the extent that we can — as it truly is. Understanding this helps us to appreciate the amazing world we live in.(各种意想不到的事情都可能发生，这正是生活的魅力所在。科学创新的历史鼓励我们以开放的心态审视证据，努力看到世界并非如我们所愿，而是尽可能真实地呈现其本来面目。理解这一点，有助于我们更好地欣赏我们所生活的奇妙世界)”结合文章主要说明了历史上诸多科学家固守成见、否定新理论，源于难以根除的认知偏见。偏见是人固有特质，文章呼吁科研抛开主观偏见、立足事实客观探索。可知，D选项“减轻科学研究中的偏见”最符合文章标题。 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综合专题01 阅读理解应用文+议论文 （时间100分钟，50个小题，每题2分，满分100分） 一、阅读理解应用文（30个小题，每题2分，共60分） Passage 1 （2026·北京朝阳·模拟预测）Are you passionate about global affairs? Join an online International Relations research internship (实习). In this month-long internship, you’ll explore geopolitical issues and analyse real-world examples of how digital tools shape public opinion, expand global influence, and raise questions about control, ethics and privacy. Supported by your tutor, you’ll collaborate with your fellow interns to co-author an academic research paper for publication on this cutting-edge topic. Why Take an International Relations Internship? • Build your expertise, develop key skills and connect with like-minded students as you explore the world of political research. • Master key concepts through a comprehensive research internship that explores current affairs in international relations. • Enhance key skills such as academic writing, critical thinking, and project management — all designed to help your application stand out to top-tier universities. • Join a diverse network of future leaders from around the world. Work together on research projects, participate in discussions, and develop essential cross-cultural communication and teamwork skills. • Get a Letter of Recommendation from your tutor, highlighting your strengths, participation, personality and more. What are the entry requirements the internship? • You must be aged between 11-18 years old. • You must be motivated to learn more about the subject. It would be ideal to include a personal statement on the application. • You must be able to speak, read and understand English well. Though we require no formal testing, our minimum English level is Common European Framework Level C1, which equates to IELTS 6.5. If you’d like to arrange a call to check whether you have the right level of English, please feel free to contact us. 1．What can interns do during the month-long internship? A．Address geopolitical issues. B．Increase personal public influence. C．Publish a research paper individually. D．Study how digital tools affect global affairs. 2．What might be the benefit of taking the internship? A．Gaining admission to top universities. B．Becoming a leader of academic discussion. C．Earning a personalised recommendation letter. D．Joining the Ambassador Programme automatically. 3．Which of the following is a requirement of the internship? A．Applicants have to be over 18 to apply for it. B．A personal statement is a must for registration. C．Applicants should call to test the English level. D．IELTS 6.5 is the lowest acceptable English level. Passage 2 （2026·北京·模拟预测）With the arrival of digital technology, digital libraries now have a wealth of free resources, making information easily accessible at no cost. Knowing where to search helps you to uncover a diverse arrangement of free e-books, audio-books and other online materials. Internet Archive The Internet Archive, possibly the largest digital library, houses a treasure of over 36 million e books, alongside 778 billion web pages and millions of videos, concerts, audio files and software programs. Acting as a digital time machine, it preserves unique items from the1990s and earlier, E-books are carefully organized by category, collection, author, topic, or year. Users can rate and review books and even upload their own media after registration. Open Library Sign up for Open Library to borrow and read millions of free e-books. Browse multiple genres(文体), filter results by subject or author, and search for specific titles. You can also preview and “ borrow” random e-books. Registered users can create custom reading lists and add new books. The platform offers both e-books and audio-books, satisfying all preferences. Smashwords Unlike other digital libraries featuring timeless classics, Smashwords stands out by highlighting independent authors and new releases. You can read e-books online or download them in PDF and EPUB．Personalize your search by selecting free books and choosing lengths from under 20,000 to over 100,000 words. ManyBooks Manybooks holds over 50,000 e-books across diversities of genres and categories. You can narrow down your searches by genre, language and rating. Each e book page indicates its availability for free download or online reading. Detailed descriptions, author information and summaries help you make sound selections. Each e-book comes with an extensive description of the story and the author, as well as a book summary to understand the book you are considering. 1．Which library allows readers to upload their own digital materials? A．Open Library. B．Smashwords. C．ManyBooks. D．Internet Archive. 2．Both Open Library and ManyBooks offer_______. A．free software programs B．multiple e-book genres C．individualized reading lists D．detailed authors’ information 3．Where is the passage most likely chosen from? A．A guide on how to borrow e-books. B．An introduction of the benefits of digital libraries. C．A review of various digital platforms for free resources. D．An instruction on how to upload contents to online libraries Passage 3 （2026·北京·三模）Pre-sessional Course in Academic English The University of Oxford Language Centre is pleased to offer an Online Pre-sessional English course. This six-week intensive programme provides international students admitted to Oxford with the necessary academic writing and speaking skills to prepare them for studying in English at Oxford. International academics, and students preparing to study at universities other than Oxford, are also welcome to apply. Application deadline: Monday 29 June 2026 Course dates: Monday 6 July — Friday 14 August 2026 Admission requirements Applicants will need to provide evidence of their English language test result before being admitted to the Pre-sessional course. Please see the University’s English language requirements for undergraduate study and postgraduate study. Test Minimum score for courses requiring standard level Minimum score for courses requiring higher level IELTS Academic 6.5 overall 7.0 overall TOEFL iBT 92 overall 100 overall C1 Advanced Test 176 185 C2 Level Test 176 185 Oxford Test of English Advanced 145 155 What you will study The course will be delivered through real-time classes, small workshops, online lectures recorded by our Academic English team, and one-to-one and group live tutorials (辅导) with English tutors. Specifically, this English Course will help students to: Write academic English for different audiences and purposes. Understand grammatical aspects of language that pose difficulty for non-native writers. Read more effectively, with increased efficiency and speed. Improve their pronunciation and learn to speak confidently in lectures and workshops. Develop academic study skills such as searching for information and referencing sources. Benefits of our online course You can follow the course from the convenience of your home without needing to travel to Oxford. Using cutting-edge technology and software, the specifically designed online course offers the same quality of experience as our in-person offering. You will receive regular personalised tutorials and feedback from our language tutors. You will have the opportunity to meet and socialise with students from around the world in a virtual classroom environment. More details will be available from the student handbook which will be sent to all students two weeks prior to the course start date. 1．An applicant for the Pre-sessional Course is required to ________. A．be an Oxford student or academic B．provide proof of English competence C．submit the application by 6 July 2026 D．take an English test organized by Oxford 2．Which student is qualified for a higher level course? A．One with 189 in C2 Level Test. B．One with 6.5 overall in IELTS. C．One with 93 overall in TOEFL iBT. D．One with 178 in C1 Advanced Test. 3．What can a learner do in the pre-sessional course? A．Receive in-person tutorials with English tutors. B．Socialise with international students at Oxford. C．Master the use of cutting-edge teaching software. D．Enhance comprehensive English language abilities. Passage 4 （2026·北京·三模）Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university. SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there. Courses SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit. Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance. SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice. Application Students are selected based on the following criteria: 1. Strong academic record 2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc. 3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher 4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required. SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet. Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information. 1．What can we learn about SHAPE? A．It suits students talented in STEM. B．It shows the procedure of learning STEM. C．It serves as the start of students’ college life. D．It gives students chances to work with engineers. 2．In SHAPE, students can . A．be free to explore the MakerSpace B．earn college credit for future study C．put school knowledge into practice D．be equipped with skills for engineering 3．To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to . A．show their family financial state B．answer all the given questions C．pay application fees before deadline D．prove their learning capability Passage 5 （2026·北京·三模）To further promote green development and raise public environmental awareness, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment will hold the 2026 Beijing International Environmental Protection Expo (BIEPE) at the China National Convention Center from August 20th to 26th, 2026. To guarantee smooth operation and quality services for domestic and foreign participants, the expo is now recruiting volunteers, who should be responsible, communicative and enthusiastic about environmental protection. Volunteers will be assigned to four functional groups based on their strengths and interests: ◆ Reception Group: Receive VIP guests, register participants and answer on-site questions. ◆ Translation Group: Open only to candidates with CET-6 550+ or equivalent English ability; provide simultaneous interpretation and document translation for international participants. ◆ Exhibition Guide Group: Introduce theme pavilions, environmental protection technologies and featured exhibits to visitors. ◆ Activity Coordination Group: Help organize on-site interactive activities, arrange venue layouts and cooperate with related departments. Pre-service training will be provided from August 10th to 18th, covering expo background, service rules, environmental knowledge and emergency handling. During the expo, volunteers work six hours daily with a one-hour break. The committee offers free accommodation, three meals a day, work uniforms and a volunteer certificate. Outstanding volunteers will gain the title of “Excellent Volunteer” and get a chance to join international environmental exchange events in 2027. Application Requirements: ◆ Applicants aged eighteen to twenty-five must be full-time college students or graduates within one year, with good academic performance and no disciplinary punishment. ◆ Fluent Mandarin is required; Translation Group applicants need valid English proficiency certificates. ◆ Applicants must attend all training and the whole expo without absence. ◆ Good team spirit, strong adaptability and the ability to deal with emergencies independently are needed. Application Methods: Qualified applicants should send application materials (personal resume, student ID or graduation certificate, and relevant proficiency certificates if needed) to the official email: biepe2026@126.com before July 30th, 2026. We welcome your participation to build a green and low-carbon future together. 1．Who can apply for the volunteer work? A．A twenty-six-year-old graduate with a high level of English. B．An eighteen-year-old high school student with good team spirit. C．A twenty- two-year-old college student with no disciplinary record. D．A twenty-four-year-old graduate who cannot attend all the training. 2．What can volunteers gain from this experience? A．Better emergency response skills. B．More chances of getting special titles. C．Better living conditions during the Expo. D．More opportunities for cultural exchange. 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To look for volunteers for the Expo. B．To introduce the volunteer work at the Expo. C．To encourage young people to join green activities. D．To raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. Passage 6 （25-26高三下·北京·开学考试）Expecting to travel abroad but lacking a loose budget? Interested in meaningful volunteering programs but worried about issues like your security or working conditions? Here comes a right place for you — Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary (保护区) . Highlights ◆Volunteering with elephants and bringing them back into their natural habitat ◆Making a difference in the conservation efforts to save elephants living under awful conditions ◆Helping teach English to the communities and raising awareness about the captive (圈养的) elephant situation ◆Wandering the forests and observe elephant’s natural behaviors in their home environment Our Sanctuary Our sanctuary has rescued 5 elephants from the tourism industry and we have now brought them home to live out their lives in the forest, in semi-wild conditions. We need volunteers to help us keep these elephants happy and healthy in their natural habitat. With volunteer support, we hope to return more elephants to the forest soon. Your tasks ◆Performing research with other group members on the natural elephant behaviors and the surrounding forest ◆Taking part in community projects such as teaching English at the school and to other locals ◆Carrying out litter pick-ups with the kids to educate on waste management Your Rough Schedule: Day 1: Pickup from Chiang Mai at 9 am. Travel through a national park and stunning mountains until you arrive in our unique village. Meet your homestay family and the other volunteers, and immerse yourself in hill tribe culture. Day 2: Wake up early to hike in the forest and find our elephants. Spend the morning recording and learning about these amazing animals and their natural behaviors. Return to the village in the late afternoon and take part in our community & camp & teaching projects. Day 3: Another early start to hike to observe our elephants one last time. Return to Chiang Mai in the afternoon. 1．Which of the following is a feature of volunteer work at the sanctuary? A．Looking after captive elephants with the locals. B．Seeking and observing elephants in natural forests. C．Helping rescue elephants living in the poor environment. D．Teaching people to conserve elephants’ natural habitat. 2．According to the passage, volunteers should _________. A．participate in anti-poverty projects B．have the ability to go hiking C．master local languages and know about tribe culture D．undertake research into wild elephants independently 3．Where does this text most probably come from? A．A vacation brochure. B．A travel diary. C．A geographical essay. D．An educational website Passage 7 （25-26高三下·北京·开学考试）Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. 1. Guard Your Time You do not need large amounts of time to be productive. Instead, be focused in short blocks when you can work without interruption. Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimize distractions—including silencing notifications (通知) on your cellphone or laptop. 2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time. Examine the remaining projects, and estimate the amount and type of effort each requires. 3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. 4. Set Goals Set goals related to effort. For example, plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studying a pre-determined concept. Also, set goals related to the completion of specific tasks or projects. For instance, give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you must write. 5. Identify the Rewards It pays to clarify the rewards this term—whether those rewards are internal, such as the feeling of accomplishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well, or external, such as getting a good grade. Work to build good habits and strategies now. It will pay off in the future. 1．What skills do the first two tips relate to? A．Writing skills. B．Social skills. C．Teamwork skills. D．Time management skills. 2．According to the passage, which can help you most when you are faced with a big task? A．Tip 2. B．Tip 3. C．Tip 4. D．Tip 5. 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork. B．To analyze students' difficulties of learning from home. C．To offer students advice on how to improve productivity. D．To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children. Passage 8 （25-26高三上·北京朝阳·阶段检测）There are many ways to get involved and volunteer at the National Museum of American History. Becoming a Museum Ambassador is one of them. To learn more about this volunteer program, please see the descriptions below. Museum Ambassadors at the American History Museum are a mobile source of information that helps bridge the gap between two other volunteer groups here at the museum — information desk specialists, who provide orientation (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and volunteer docents (讲师), who provide Highlights tours, facilitate hands-on demonstrations and circulate through many of our exhibitions to interact with visitors. Each year, our Museum Ambassadors help over 100,000 people get the most out of their visits by welcoming groups, circulating throughout the museum's public zones to answer basic questions, and directing visitors to programs and exhibitions of interest. The museum has also employed the Museum Ambassadors to assist with special projects and events as needed. To learn more about what Museum Ambassadors do, check out what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadors, we get to share in the curiosity of a child, the nostalgia (怀旧) of returning visitors, the treasure hunt of students assigned to find important historical objects, and the amazement of those experiencing our eye on the nation's history for the first time. We can help recommend a meaningful museum visit just for you. There's more. We're also traffic cops when elevators and escalators break and extra eyes for museum security." If you enjoy… •interacting with diverse audiences, age groups and learning styles. •working in an often busy and changing environment. If you have… •strong interpersonal and communication skills. •an interest in history and communication. If you can… commit to three shifts a month (weekday Ambassadors) or twice a month (weekend Ambassadors). The museum is open 364 days a year, including weekends and holidays. •handle frequent walking, standing, and talking. To Apply To learn more information about the application process, please contact Ruth Shirley. NOTE: Acceptance into the program is subject to successful completion of an interview and background investigation. 1．Which one is the responsibility of Museum Ambassadors? A．To receive visitors at the entrance. B．To take full charge of museum security. C．To direct visitors to their exhibitions of interest. D．To help visitors with hands-on demonstrations 2．A qualified Museum Ambassador should________. A．enjoy communicating with people B．speak at least two foreign languages C．have academic background in history D．commit to working three shifts at weekends 3．The author writes this passage mainly to__________. A．introduce volunteer programs for teenagers B．provide special tours to meet different needs C．invite people to visit the American History Museum D．attract potential applicants for Museum Ambassadors Passage 9 （2026·北京·模拟预测） If you’re moving in or moving out of your student accommodation, you might need a helping hand. Whether you’re having new purchases delivered to your dormitory, or searching for some place out of campus to store your things, BoxIt is always here to help. We store suitcases, cycles, sacks and stacks of other stuff in our secure sites. If you need packing materials, tell us and we’ll send them to you. You can upload photos of the things in each box to your own BoxIt account to remind yourself what is where, and then download our app to monitor your belongings as they move. When you’re ready, book the delivery of your boxes online. Just let us know what you need to be stored and we’ll send one of our staff to pick your things up, but remember that if the address we are delivering your boxes to is farther than 25 miles from where we picked them up, there is an additional charge. Collections are free from Monday to Friday if we collect between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Don’t leave any empty space in your box — this makes your box weaker and may damage the things inside, and not filling the box also means you need more boxes so it costs you more. And don’t put too much into your box — keep it under 25 kilos in weight. If you pack the following items in your boxes, we can’t be responsible for any damage to your things when we’re moving them: ·Knives and sharp objects ·Musical instruments in soft cases ·Food ·Antiques ·Pets or any other living creatures ·Mirrors or large glass items Make sure the driver can easily get into your place and that you are at your address for the full duration of the collection time. 1．To have items delivered by BoxIt, one needs to ________. A．order online B．download its app C．buy boxes from BoxIt D．send photos of the stuff to BoxIt 2．Customers are advised to ________. A．fill the box up B．prepare extra boxes C．wrap up sharp objects D．book service on weekends 3．What can we learn about BoxIt? A．It will check the items in the boxes. B．Its delivery supports remote tracking. C．Its service is intended for university staff. D．It can collect items in the absence of the owner. Passage 10 （25-26高三下·北京·阶段检测）If you’re interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College Students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities. Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting-edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands-on learning. Academic life SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects. Campus/Residence life Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you’ll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips. Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities — and you’ll still have time for your own adventures on campus! EmailtheSPPofficeatsppoffice@mail.edu. 1．What does SPP aim to do? A．To help college students to achieve academic success. B．To get high school students well-prepared for college life. C．To provide admission guidelines for pre-college students. D．To encourage students to participate in hands-on learning. 2．What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits? A．Carry out STEM research. B．Attend various seminars. C．Finish the courses online. D．Join in experiential learning. 3．What can we know about students living on campus? A．They can organize social activities. B．They will have access to a single room. C．They are provided with good security. D．They are advised to direct comedy shows. 二、阅读理解议论文（20个小题，每题2分，共40分） Passage 11 （2026·北京大兴·三模）The Servant (1963) is an unforgettable film that ruthlessly explores the relationship between a cunning valet (Dirk Bogarde) and his weak-willed master (James Fox). The valet exploits his master’s weaknesses until their roles are reversed: by the end, the master humbly serves the valet. Yet today, it’s hard not to think of another troubled relationship — the one between workers and their smartphones. Smart devices can be empowering. They provide instant access to a vast amount of information. They allow people to work from home instead of squeezing into crowded trains with strangers. This is especially helpful for parents who need flexible hours. Smartphones and tablets also improve efficiency by letting people use spare moments that would otherwise be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee. But for most people the servant has become the master. Not long ago only doctors were on call all the time. Now everybody is. Bosses think nothing of invading their employees’ free time. Work invades the home far more than domestic chores invade the office. Otherwise—some people check their smartphones obsessively, even during pre-dinner drinks, and send e-emails first thing in the morning and last thing at night. This is partly because smartphones are addictive. Smartphones provide relentless stimuli, stimulus interspersed with rewards. Whenever you check the glowing rectangle, there is a fair chance you will see a message from a client, a herogram from your boss or at least an e-mail from a stranger offering you $1m if you share your bank details with him. Hyperconnectivity exaggerates some of the most destabilizing trends in the modern workplace: the decline of certainty and the general cult of flexibility. Smartphones make it easier for managers to change their minds at the last moment: for example, to e-mail a minion at 11 pm to tell him he must fly to Pittsburgh tomorrow. Employees find it ever harder to distinguish between “on-time” and “off-time” — and indeed between real work and make-work. Executives are lumbered with two overlapping workdays: a formal one full of meetings and an informal one spent trying to keep up with the torrent of e-mails and messages. How can we reap the benefits of connectivity without becoming its slaves? One solution is digital dieting. Just as the abundance of junk food means that people have to be more disciplined about their eating habits, so the abundance of junk information means they have to be more disciplined about their browsing habits. Banning browsing before breakfast can reintroduce a little bit of civilization. Banning texting at weekends or, say, on Thursdays, can really show the iPhone who is boss. In “Sleeping with Your Smartphone”, Leslie Perlow argues that for most people the only way to break the 24/7 habit is to act collectively rather than individually. She tells the story of how one of the world’s most hard-working organizations, the Boston Consulting Group, learned to manage hyperconnectivity better. The firm introduced rules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them to work together to make this possible. It eventually forced people to work more productively while reducing burnout. 1．In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______. A．posing a contrast B．justifying reversed roles C．making a comparison D．explaining a film named “servant” 2．According to paragraph 5, which of the following is a consequence of hyperconnectivity in the workplace? A．Employees have fewer meetings during the formal workday. B．Managers find it harder to change plans at the last minute. C．Workers can clearly separate “on-time” from “off-time”. D．Executives face meetings and constant messages. 3．What solutions to hyperconnectivity does the author present? A．Banning browsing and texting. B．Individual digital dieting and collective action with shared offline rules. C．Acting collectively and forcing people to work more productively. D．Working more productively and reducing burnout. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．When Smartphones Become the Master of Humans. B．Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Devices. C．How to Break Away From Hyperconnectivity. D．The Film The Servant and Its Social Influence. Passage 12 （2026·北京·模拟预测）Side-blotched lizards (侧斑蜥蜴) have a colorful set of mating strategies. Some males, with orange throats, are large and fight their way to a group of mates. Others, with blue throats, are a bit smaller and bond with just a single female. And then there is a third type. These lizards, which have yellow throats, look very similar to females. In a rock-paper-scissors-type mating strategy, the big orange ones can chase off the medium blue ones, who, in turn, can keep a close eye on their single mate. The yellow ones, however, sometimes sneak into (溜进) the big males’ group of mates. The lizards face a trade-off between abundance and the cost of confirmation. It is a trade-off that is increasingly of concern to humans, too. The cost of producing text, video or audio has declined; doing so now means just a few words on a chatbot rather than hours of effort. As a consequence, roughly half of articles published on the internet last year were AI-generated. How can internet users distinguish an article by a genuine but little-known news website from outright misinformation? Market participants often rely on “costly signals” to make such choices. An employer looking for a new hire, say, may seek applicants with a degree that took effort and a certain amount of skill, which indicates they might bring the same qualities to their work. The certificate allows employers to distinguish between good and bad applicants — creating what economists call a “separating equilibrium” and enabling transactions between willing participants. During an earlier information age, newspaper branding provided a costly signal. In what was, in game-theoretic terms, a “reputation game” newspapers would, issue by issue, reveal exactly how focused on the truth they were. Repeated interactions with a reader, when they were deciding which paper to purchase, constituted a separating equilibrium. Content farms, websites that copied reputable news pages but with made-up stories, however, can “sneak into” these brands like the yellow lizards. Thus the “separating equilibrium” is devolving into a “pooling equilibrium”, in which there is no way of telling between one type of creation and another. The problem with a “pooling equilibrium”, as George Akerlof put it in a Nobel-prizewinning paper, is that “Dishonest dealings tend to drive honest dealings out of the market.” Without a way to tell good from bad, buyers treat everything as bad. Among side-blotched lizards, the rock-paper-scissors nature of the lizards’ mating strategies means that if any of the colours becomes too common, one of the other types receives an advantage. Optimistically, then, an outpouring in the productivity of misinformation generators may provide a similar advantage to the journalistic equivalent of the blue-throated lizards — publications that jealously guard their reputation for truth-telling. 1．Why does the author mention the example of side-blotched lizards in Paragraph 1? A．To share a popular trend. B．To criticize a costly trade-off. C．To reveal a disturbing issue. D．To introduce a mating strategy. 2．According to the passage, which of the following is an example of separating equilibrium? A．Socially-responsible and profit-driven firms spend equally on charity. B．We tend to learn a common language regardless of native tongue. C．The expense of acquiring education is similar across ability types. D．Firms sustain high-input advertising campaigns to reflect quality. 3．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．Content farms spare no efforts to focus on the truth. B．Readers can tell facts from fiction through costly signals. C．Publications lose competitiveness in maintaining reputation. D．The cost of confirming information genuineness has dropped. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Will Publications Survive in the Flood of Misinformation? B．Costly Signals: Trade-off Between Real and Made-up C．Misinformation: Threat to Newspapers’ Reputation D．Has Internet Supercharged Misinformation? Passage 13 （2026·北京朝阳·模拟预测）On warm summer evenings, the groundhog who lives beneath my deck likes to look across the field. As I watch, I sometimes wonder what is on her mind while she surveys her domain. The simple explanation is that she is watching for predators. But is that all there is to it? Might she also enjoy the sight of grasses swaying (摇曳) in the breeze? Might she even find them beautiful? We are comfortable describing these animals as having self-awareness, language-like communication, and even culture, but we hesitate to say they have a sense of beauty. Some scientists have come to think otherwise. They see our capacity to appreciate beauty as part of a shared evolutionary inheritance. But if a capacity for beauty is widespread, what about stimuli that are considered beautiful? Richard Prum, an evolutionary biologist, suggests that beauty demands “prolonged social and sensory engagement”. That engagement may have clear evolutionary benefits: an animal that hangs around on a flowering tree’s loveliness might have a better chance of remembering its location when fruiting season comes. To Prum, animals can only take aesthetic pleasure in those entities with which they have co-evolved: for example, bumblebees and the pinks of wild roses. After countless generations of evaluation and choice, those stimuli are now entrained in their brains. Though this is an untested proposition, it’s easy to imagine how aesthetic tastes could evolve for any stimuli that are relevant to an animal’s survival. Should my groundhog neighbour enjoy beauty in a field’s swaying grasses she might have a better chance of spotting an approaching fox. Such commonalities do not mean that we are alone in our unique about human concepts of beauty. Marcos Nadal, a cognitive psychologist, suggests that we are alone in our capacity to intellectualise beauty, creating definitions and abstractions that in turn shape our evaluations. Yet to me these distinctions are less meaningful than what we might share. Prum sees nature through a perspective of aesthetic co-evolution. This awareness adds a new dimension to conservation. “When we preserve nature,” says Prum, “we are preserving worlds in which other aesthetic pleasures can thrive.” We can also set our imaginations free to guess what other creatures find beautiful. What visual delights might birds find in the landscapes over which they fly? What could a sea turtle tell us about the elegance of nearshore currents? It’s all too easy to label wild animal life as violent and fearful, and to assume that their thoughts are dominated by calculations of survival. We don’t think so much about the pleasures they take, the moments of lightness, and it cheers me up to consider that just as I find satisfaction in the sight of grasses swaying in an evening breeze, so might a groundhog. 1．Why does the author mention the groundhog in the Paragraph 1? A．To explain an image. B．To express concerns. C．To share a phenomenon. D．To present an argument. 2．What does the word “entities” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Realities. B．Majorities. C．Beings. D．Settings. 3．As for Prum’s argument, the author is ______. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Why Do We Share Evolutionary Inheritance with Animals? B．What if Animals Find Beauty in the World just like We Do? C．What’s the Point of Confirm Animals Have Aesthetic Tastes? D．How Can a Sense of Beauty Contribute to Animals’ Survival? Passage 14 （2026·北京·三模）“If you can in one day renovate yourself, so do from day to day. Yea, let there be daily renovation.” Inscribed on King Cheng Tang’s washbasin, these words stress continuous self-improvement and constant change. Ezra Pound’s “Make it New” similarly advocated change as a core modernist ideal. Still, Pound wrote slowly; his epic The Cantos took 50 years, left fragmented and incomplete, with him regretting its lack of cohesion. Most of us have an antagonistic relationship to change. We prefer it when life coasts along with a sense that everything is stable and more-or-less on track. Yet French philosopher Henri Bergson noted, “To exist is to change… to go on creating oneself endlessly,” he writes. Life, according to Bergson, is a continuous process of creation and destruction, where we are caught between opposing forces. We notice change when it’s abrupt and final, like a job change or the death of a loved one. But Bergson believed change happens constantly, even in calm moments. He contended that our past follows us, shaping the present and leading us along unique paths. It is a comforting thought to acknowledge that we press upon our future at every moment in utterly novel ways — never predictable, nothing decided. But it also explains that quiet desperation we feel when life is going well, a sensation like trying to contain sand spilling through fingertips — how to stop the flow briefly to savour good times? Bergson rejected “clock time”, time quantified by mechanical ticking. He favoured “duration”, where time unfolds as a fluid, continuous flow rather than separate moments. We are the dancer moving through time, making it up as we go. “Pure duration is the form our conscious states assume when the ego lets itself live, refraining from separating present from former states,” he writes. Similarly, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus noted that change is the only constant. “All things are in a state of flux,” he said. Change, driven by opposing forces like life and death, light and dark, creates the world around us. Conflict, he believed, is essential for the creation of new things, and through this dynamic, novelty arises. In Taoism, the philosophy of Laozi, as written in the Tao Te Ching, also emphasizes the balance of opposites. The Yin-Yang symbol, representing interconnected forces like light and dark, illustrates this harmony. Ultimately, Pound’s call to “Make it New” reflects the truth of life itself: change is constant, and through the clash of opposing forces, we find new ideas and solutions. As Alan Watts said, “The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance.” Embracing change is crucial for growth and renewal. 1．What does the word “antagonistic” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Dependent. B．Resistant. C．Indifferent. D．Flexible. 2．According to the passage, what can we learn about clock time and duration? A．Clock time structures daily life. B．Duration measures fixed intervals. C．Duration flows as lived experience. D．Clock time enhances human awareness. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Stability holds greater value. B．Opposites push change forward. C．Change is well perceived in daily life. D．Conflict leads to creation and destruction. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Nothing but Change B．Conflict and Change C．The Flow of Time and Life D．Change in Thought and Art Passage 15 （2026·北京·模拟预测）A hundred years ago, scientists were sure of many truths. The greatest experts were certain that the universe had always existed and was always the size it is now. Biochemists believed that, outside the nucleus, the interior of a human cell contained little more than busy enzymes — a “biochemical bog” that carried out all the reactions that are essential to life. These sureties were all wrong. Yet scientists reacted to challenges to their accepted truths with dismissal and skepticism. I began to see how common this knee-jerk reaction was as I researched my book on how scientists reconstructed the journey of our body’s atoms from the big bang to now. So many theories that we now consider great breakthroughs were at first waved off, like annoying gnats. Why? We all know that some researchers are territorial, or fear a new theory will undercut their work. But why did entire communities of scientists reject groundbreaking ideas — even those backed by sound evidence? Puzzled, I tried to categorize the reasons why and found six cognitive biases that arose so often I gave them nicknames. For instance, the “You Look For and See the Evidence That Matches Your Existing Theory” bias impeded our understanding of diseases like scurvy (坏血病) and beriberi (脚气病), which were killing millions. Scientists tried to explain these illnesses with the ancient Greek theory of humors, then germ theory, before arriving at the concept of vitamin deficiency. How could so many brilliant scientists have been so ignorant? If you look a little deeper, you will find that none of us is immune. A Microsoft executive once said: “There’s no chance that the iPhone is going to get market share.” When covid-19 struck, we all thought we would be back at work in just a few weeks. We will never be entirely rid of biases. Biases are part of the human condition, and scientists need to be aware their brains are full of them. As those I profiled discovered, our cells are crammed, not just with enzymes, but with a mind-boggling collection of molecular machines. DNA, not protein, is the molecule responsible for heredity. And the universe was once contained in a tiny point of space and time. All kinds of things are possible that we would never expect. That is the beauty of life. The history of scientific innovation encourages us to examine evidence with an open mind and try to see the world not as we would like it to be, but — to the extent that we can — as it truly is. Understanding this helps us to appreciate the amazing world we live in. 1．What does the example of biochemists in paragraph 1 imply? A．To stress the importance of innovation. B．To indicate the advancement of biochemistry. C．To emphasize the harm of fake science. D．To reveal the hardwired problem of scientists. 2．What does the writer stress on bias? A．It uniquely affects researchers. B．It’s unavoidable in humans. C．It fades with rich experience. D．It blocks all scientific studies. 3．What’s implied about human cognition? A．Minds have internal limitations. B．People tend to judge objectively. C．Biases totally ruin creativity. D．Old views never get replaced. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Embrace the complexity of our life. B．Solid evidence is a must for new findings. C．Allow scientists to make mistakes. D．Ease the prejudice in sciences research. 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $