Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇语块 检测-2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 聚焦单元主题词汇语法系统梳理，通过词性转换、搭配拓展及句法分析，构建"词汇-短语-句式"三维训练体系，提升语言应用与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇语块|35组核心词+11短语|词性转换（如bitter→bitterness）、固定搭配归类|从基础词义到语境应用，形成"词-义-用"递进链条| |句子分析|9个典型句式|从句类型判断、成分划分（如倒装句、含蓄条件句）|以教材原句为载体，拆解句法结构与翻译技巧| |语法专项|虚拟语气+so/such区别|虚拟条件句表格归纳、句式对比（如so adj. vs such n.）|规则讲解→例句验证→应用迁移，强化语法思维|

人教版选择性必修三 Unit4 Adversity and Courage词汇语块（附答案） 1. 在困境中 in dilemma/trouble/need/difficulties 2. bitter adj. →n. 苦味 辛酸的眼泪 激烈的争论/战斗/挣扎 严寒 一股寒风 be bitter about 3. endurance n. →v. (syn.) →adj. beyond endurance 4. vigour(vigor)n. →adj. (syn) 5. turn sb down 出现，调高声音: 转身: 证明是；结果是 转向；求助于 翻转；移交 打开/关闭(开关) 上交 变成 6. qualified adj. →v. →n. →n(ant.). qualify sb as/for be qualified for(doing) sth/be qualified to do sth 7. enthusiastic adj. →n. with (great) enthusiasm= be enthusiastic about 8. aboard adv&prep =on board get aboard (the plane/ship/bus/train) board n. v. abroad adv. 国内外 broad adj. 9. assign v. →n. assign sb to do sth assign sth to sb =assign sb sth 10. steward n. →n.(女服务员) 11. envy n&v. →adj. / envy sb (doing) sth be the envy of... with envy be green with envy 12. crush v. n. (迷恋对象) a big crush 13. sink v. (pt.) / (pp.) / be sunk in (太阳)在西边/云后面落下 陷入泥泞中;坐到椅子/座位上 sink into a deep sleep 14. abandon v. n. →adj. →n. with abandon abandon oneself to(doing sth)=be abandoned to (doing) 15. blanket n. (厚层) v.覆盖，笼罩；adj.总括的,全面的 厚厚的一层雪 雪覆盖了地面 belongings n.(pl.) (syn.) belonging n. →v. 归属感 16. miserable adj. →n. 悲惨的生活 17. decent adj. →n. 高雅的谈吐和行为 一份相当不错的薪水 18. selfish adj. →n. 无私的 →n. 19. good/bad-tempered adj. →n.&v. keep/control/lose one’s temper be in a (bad) temper 20. perseverance n. →v. →adj. persevere in/with (doing) sth 表现出坚强的毅力 某人的毅力得到了回报 21. resolve v. →n. 解决问题、冲突、争端、危机 22. cruel adj. →adv. →n. 23. thorough adj. 透彻的了解 详尽的描写 彻底的打扫 24. furniture[U] n. →v. →adj. 一套家具 25. unfortunately adv. [ant.] →adj. →n. 找出路；碰运气 发财 26. recreation n. →adj. 27. guidance n. →v. →adj. 在某人的指导下 / 没有某人的指导 28. advertising n. →v. →n. n.广告商 advertise for advertise for sb. to do sth. 29. corporate adj. →n.(合伙人) →n. (syn) . 30. rough adj. 崎岖的道路 粗略估计 be rough on sb. 31. navigator n. →v. →n. 32. loyal adj. →n. royal adj. be loyal to 33. make fire be on fire catch fire set fire to fight a fire put out a fire 34. give off give up give out give in give away give way to give back give it a try 35. commit v. (pt/pp) →adj →n. 做出承诺 commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth. commit sth./sb. to... 犯错 犯罪 be committed ( ) to(doing)sth commit oneself to (doing) sth 36. motive n. →v. →n.积极性，动力 →adj. Phrase 1. it happened that 2. rescue the most essential supplies 3. keep one’s spirits up 4. be camped on 5. things are going from bad to worse 6. a sudden cold rush of air 7. life fell into a regular pattern 8. give off oily, black smoke 9. vary the meals 10. our discipline and team spirit 11. pay sb back Sentence 1. Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries. 该句为 (句子成分)提前引起的倒装，主语为 . 翻译: 2. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. 本句包含由 引导的结果状语从句，the Endurance为 ship 的 and连接两个并列的从句谓语 和 。 翻译: 3. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 本句中划线部分为 时态, but 和 and 连接两个 。 翻译: 4. Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now. 该句为含蓄条件句，介词短语 相当于条件, 表示与现在事实相反的假设。 翻译: 5. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. 划线的句子为 从句，解释说明 。在非正式文体中，连词 有时可省略。 翻译: 6. Staying alive took all our time and energy. 此句的主语为 ，由 来充当。 翻译: 7. There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 划线部分growing on Antarctica充当 成分，修饰 , so the only fuel we could use was animal fat 中主句为 , we could use 为 从句，省略引导词 ，该引导词充当 成分。 翻译: 8. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. 此句中用了 结构，it 作 。 翻译: 9. When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 本句包含由 引导的时间状语从句和由 引导的结果状语从句。 翻译: 10. If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve. If it weren't for…意为 ，本句是 条件句，表示与 事实相反的假设。 if虚拟条件句 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 11. 比较so....that.....以及such....that....的区别 人教版选择性必修三 Unit4 Adversity and Courage 词汇语块（附答案） 1. 在困境中 in adversity / in dilemma/trouble/need/difficulties 2. bitter adj. 痛苦的；严寒的；怀恨的 →n. bitterness 苦味；痛苦 辛酸的眼泪 bitter tears 激烈的争论 / 战斗 / 挣扎 a bitter argument / fight / struggle 严寒 bitter cold 一股寒风 a bitter wind be bitter about 对…… 心怀怨恨 3. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力 →v. endure (syn.) bear / stand →adj. enduring 持久的 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 4. vigour(vigor)n. 活力；精力 →adj. vigorous (syn) energetic 5. turn sb down 拒绝某人 出现，调高声音: turn up 转身: turn around 证明是；结果是 turn out 转向；求助于 turn to 翻转；移交 turn over 打开 / 关闭 (开关) turn on / turn off 上交 turn in 变成 turn into 6. qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的 →v. qualify →n. qualification 资格 →n (ant.). disqualification 不合格 qualify sb as/for 使某人具备担任……/ 做…… 的资格 be qualified for(doing) sth/be qualified to do sth 有资格（做）某事 7. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 →n. enthusiasm 热情 with (great) enthusiasm= enthusiastically be enthusiastic about 对…… 满怀热情 8. aboard adv&prep 在（船 / 飞机 / 车）上；登上 =on board get aboard (the plane/ship/bus/train) 登上飞机 / 轮船 / 公交车 / 火车 board n. 木板；甲板；董事会 v. 上（船 / 飞机）；寄宿 abroad adv. 在国外；到海外 国内外 at home and abroad broad adj. 宽阔的；广泛的 9. assign v. 分配；分派；布置（任务） →n. assignment 任务；作业；分配 assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事 assign sth to sb =assign sb sth 把某物分配给某人 10. steward n. 男乘务员；男服务员 →n.(女服务员) stewardess 11. envy n&v. 羡慕；嫉妒 →adj. envious / enviable envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕某人（做）某事 be the envy of... 成为…… 羡慕的对象 with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地 be green with envy 十分嫉妒；眼红 12. crush v. 压碎；压垮 n. 迷恋；热恋 (迷恋对象) a big crush 深深迷恋；暗恋 13. sink v. 下沉；沉没；下陷 (pt.) sank / (pp.) sunk be sunk in 陷入（沉思等） (太阳) 在西边 / 云后面落下 The sun sank in the west / behind the clouds. 陷入泥泞中；坐到椅子 / 座位上 sink into the mud / sink into a chair sink into a deep sleep 沉沉睡去 14. abandon v. 抛弃；放弃 n. 放任；放纵 →adj. abandoned 被抛弃的；废弃的 →n. abandonment 抛弃；放弃 with abandon 放任地；纵情地 abandon oneself to(doing sth)=be abandoned to (doing) 沉溺于（做）某事 15. blanket n. 毯子 (厚层) v. 覆盖，笼罩；adj. 总括的，全面的 厚厚的一层雪 a blanket of snow 雪覆盖了地面 Snow blanketed the ground. belongings n.(pl.) 财物；动产 (syn.) possessions belonging n. 归属 →v. belong 归属感 a sense of belonging 16. miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的 →n. misery 痛苦；苦难 悲惨的生活 a miserable life 17. decent adj. 体面的；得体的；相当好的 →n. decency 体面；得体 高雅的谈吐和行为 decent speech and behaviour 一份相当不错的薪水 a decent salary 18. selfish adj. 自私的 →n. selfishness 自私 无私的 selfless adj. →n. selflessness 无私 19. good/badtempered adj. 脾气好的 / 坏脾气的 →n.&v. temper 脾气；使缓和 keep/control/lose one’s temper 忍住脾气 / 控制住脾气 / 发脾气 be in a (bad) temper 处于（坏）情绪中；在发脾气 20. perseverance n. 毅力；不屈不挠 →v. persevere →adj. persevering 坚持不懈的 persevere in/with (doing) sth 坚持（做）某事 表现出坚强的毅力 show great perseverance 某人的毅力得到了回报 One’s perseverance pays off. 21. resolve v. 决心；解决 →n. resolution 决心；决议；解决 解决问题、冲突、争端、危机 resolve problems / conflicts / disputes / crises 22. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的 →adv. cruelly →n. cruelty 残酷；残忍 23. thorough adj. 彻底的；详尽的；深入的 透彻的了解 a thorough understanding 详尽的描写 a thorough description 彻底的打扫 a thorough cleaning 24. furniture[U] n. 家具 →v. furnish 布置；配备家具 →adj. furnished 配有家具的 一套家具 a set of furniture 25. unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 [ant.] fortunately →adj. fortunate →n. fortune 运气；财富 找出路；碰运气 seek one’s fortune 发财 make a fortune 26. recreation n. 娱乐；消遣 →adj. recreational 娱乐的；消遣的 27. guidance n. 指导；引导 →v. guide 指导；向导 →adj. guided 受指导的 在某人的指导下 under one’s guidance / with one’s guidance 没有某人的指导 without one’s guidance 28. advertising n. 广告业；广告宣传 →v. advertise 做广告；宣传 →n. advertisement/ad n. 广告商 advertiser advertise for 登广告招聘 / 求购 advertise for sb. to do sth. 登广告雇某人做某事 29. corporate adj. 公司的；社团的 →n.(合伙人) partner →n. corporation (syn) company/firm 30. rough adj. 粗糙的；崎岖的；粗略的；艰难的 崎岖的道路 rough roads 粗略估计 a rough estimate be rough on sb. 对某人苛刻；使某人受苦 31. navigator n. 导航员；领航员 →v. navigate 导航；航行 →n. navigation 导航；航海 32. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 →n. loyalty 忠诚 royal adj. 皇家的；王室的 be loyal to 对…… 忠诚 33. make fire 生火 be on fire 着火（状态） catch fire 着火（动作） set fire to 纵火；点燃 fight a fire 救火 put out a fire 灭火 34. give off 释放（光、热、气味） give up 放弃；戒除 give out 分发；耗尽；发出 give in 屈服；让步；上交 give away 赠送；泄露 give way to 让步于；被…… 取代 give back 归还 give it a try 试一试 35. commit v. 承诺；犯（错 / 罪）；投入 (pt/pp) committed →adj committed 尽心尽力的；坚定的 →n. commitment 承诺；投入 做出承诺 make a commitment commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth. 使某人 / 自己承诺做某事 commit sth./sb. to... 把…… 托付给；投入 犯错 commit a mistake 犯罪 commit a crime be committed ( oneself ) to(doing)sth 致力于；承诺做某事 commit oneself to (doing) sth 承诺 / 致力于做某事 36. 35.motive n. 动机；目的 →v. motivate 激励；激发 →n. 积极性，动力 motivation →adj. motivated 有积极性的 Phrase 1.it happened that 碰巧…… 2.rescue the most essential supplies 抢救最重要的物资 3.keep one’s spirits up 振作精神 4.be camped on 在…… 扎营 5.things are going form bad to worse 情况每况愈下（form→from） 6. a sudden cold rush of air 一股突如其来的冷空气 7. life fell into a regular pattern 生活陷入一种固定模式 8.give off oily, black smoke 冒出油腻的黑烟 9. vary the meals 变换伙食 10.our discipline and team spirit 我们的纪律与团队精神 11. pay sb back 报答某人；报复某人 Sentence 1. Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries. 该句为 方位副词 (句子成分) 提前引起的倒装，主语为 some of Blackborow's diary entries. 翻译: 下面是布莱克博罗的部分日记片段。 2. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. 本句包含由 so…that 引导的结果状语从句，the Endurance 为 ship 的 同位语；and 连接两个并列的从句谓语 went aboard 和 hid。 翻译: 但我对跟随他们出海的想法如此热衷，于是我偷偷登上他的 “坚忍号” 船，躲进一个小壁橱。 3. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 本句中划线部分为 现在完成进行 时态，but 和 and 连接两个 并列分句。 翻译: 我们现在在冰上扎营，一直设法生存下来，但是春天即将来临，冰层很快就会开始融化。 4. Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now. 该句为含蓄条件句，介词短语 Without Frank and Ernest 相当于条件，would be 表示与现在事实相反的假设。 翻译: 要是没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在早就都死了。 5. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. 划线的句子为 同位语 从句，解释说明 chance。在非正式文体中，连词 that 有时可省略。 翻译: 毕竟，或许我们还有机会回到家乡。 6. Staying alive took all our time and energy. 此句的主语为 Staying alive，由 动名词短语 来充当。 翻译: 活下去耗尽了我们全部的时间与精力。 7. There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 划线部分 growing on Antarctica 充当 后置定语 成分，修饰 trees, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat 中主句为 the only fuel was animal fat, we could use 为 定语 从句，省略引导词 that/which，该引导词充当 宾语 成分。 翻译: 南极洲没有树木，也没有石油，所以我们唯一可以使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。 8. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. 此句中用了 as…as（和…… 一样） 结构，it 作 形式主语。 翻译: 穿太多衣服导致过热，和穿太少衣服导致受冻，几乎一样危险。 9. When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 本句包含由 When 引导的时间状语从句和由 such…that 引导的结果状语从句。 翻译: 当我们最终获救时，我们感到无比宽慰与喜悦，许多人都难掩泪水。 10. If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve. If it weren't for… 意为 要不是；倘若没有，本句是 if 非真实 条件句，表示与 现在 事实相反的假设。 表格 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 (be 用 were) would/could/should/might + do 与过去事实相反 had + done would/could/should/might + have done 与将来事实相反 过去式 /should do /were to do would/could/should/might + do 11. 比较 so....that..... 以及 such....that.... 的区别 ① so 后面接形容词 / 副词；such后面接名词短语（such+(a/an)+adj.+n.） · so + adj./adv. + that… · such +(a/an)+ adj.+ n. + that… ② 当名词前有many/much/few/little (表数量少)修饰时，只用so，不用 such。 例：so many people；so little time 注意：little 表 “小” 时用 such：such a little boy ③ so 句式：so+adj.+a/an + 单数可数名词 + that… 例：so interesting a book that… such 句式：such an interesting book that… 两者可互换。 ④ 含义均为：如此…… 以至于……，引导结果状语从句。 例句： He ran so fast that no one could catch him. It was such a moving story that many people cried. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $