8. 定语从句 直通新高考英语初升高精讲精练

**基本信息** 以“概念-分类-辨析-特例”为逻辑主线，通过核心口诀与表格对比构建定语从句解题体系，强化初升高语言能力衔接与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础概念|3概念+1例句|无|先行词/关系词/从句概念生成| |关系代词/副词|10例句+2对比表格|缺主宾表用代词，不缺用副词|按指代对象/成分功能分类| |辨析+特例|6对点练习+5特殊规则|只用that/which等7类规则|从一般用法到特殊情境递进| |综合应用|15课后题（含5高考真题）|介词+关系代词结构|从基础到高考真题迁移|

直通新高考英语 初升高衔接精讲精练 第八讲 定语从句 学习目标 1. 理解定语从句、先行词、关系词的概念及三者关系。 2. 掌握关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）与关系副词（when/where/why）的用法。 3. 能辨析关系代词与关系副词，掌握非限定性定语从句及关系词使用的特殊情况。 本讲导读 定语从句是高中英语“修饰扩容”的核心工具，是高中英语拓展句子表达、读懂长难文本的核心语法工具。本节课从三大核心概念入手，系统学习各类关系词用法，重点区分关系代词与关系副词，梳理非限制性定语从句与考试高频特例。大家抓住核心判断口诀：缺主、宾、表用代词，不缺主干用副词，做题思路清晰不混淆。 一、定语从句的基本概念 Basic Concepts 放在名词 / 代词后，用来修饰这个名词 / 代词的从句。被修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句需用关系词引导，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 The beautiful girl who wears long hair is Angelababy. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 三个关键概念 ： ① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词； ② 关系词：引导定语从句的词，在从句中充当成分并指代先行词，分为关系代词和关系副词； ③ 定语从句：跟在先行词后、相当于形容词的句子。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 Relative Pronouns 常见关系代词：who/that（指人，作主语/宾语），whom（指人，作宾语），which/that（指物，作主语/宾语），whose（表所属，作定语）。 先行词 关系代词 充当成分 例句 人 who/that 主语 A great man is the man who/that makes every man feel great. 人 who/that/whom 宾语（可省略） She is the woman (who/that/whom) I met in Paris. 物 that/which 主语/宾语 Laughter is the sun that/which drives winter from the human face. 物 that/which 宾语（可省略） The team (that/which) Lang Ping had built was falling apart. 人/物 whose 定语 Workers built shelters for survivors whose home had been destroyed. I have a big house whose windows face south. 💡 💡 介词 + 关系代词 当先行词为物，介词后用 which 作宾语；当先行词为人，介词后用 whom 作宾语。I will never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood. The scientist about whom we are talking has gone abroad. 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 Relative Adverbs 先行词 关系副词 充当成分 例句 时间 when (=介词+ which) 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we first met. 地点 where (=介词+ which) 地点状语 Our grandparents had a small farm where they raised many animals. 原因 why (=for which) 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why they turned down my invitation. 四、关系代词与关系副词辨析 Pronoun vs. Adverb 判断空格处用关系代词还是关系副词，关键看定语从句中是否缺少主语/宾语/表语/定语：缺成分用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）；不缺成分用关系副词（when/where/why）。 💡 💡 辨析口诀 先看从句“缺不缺主、宾、表、定”： 缺 → 关系代词（that / which / who / whom/whose）； 不缺 → 关系副词（when / where / why）。 对点练习 1. I will never forget the days ________ we spent together. 2. I will never forget the days ________ I spent my childhood. 3. This is the museum ________ the exhibition was held. 4. This is the museum ________ you visited a few days ago. 5. I know the reason ________ she was late. 6. I know the reason ________ she explained to me. 五、非限定性定语从句 Non-restrictive Clauses ① 非限定性定语从句和主句之间用逗号分开，对先行词作附加说明，相当于插入语； ② 非限定性定语从句的关系词不能用 that，且不可省略，其他规则与限定性一致； ③ 可用 which 指代主句整句话。 Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. I got up this morning, which made my headteacher annoyed. 六、关系代词使用的特殊情况 Special Cases 1. 只用 that 的情况 ① 先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much 等不定代词时：Everything that you told me is true.； ② 先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时：All books that you see here are mine.； ③ 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时：This is the best film that I have ever seen.； ④ 先行词既指人又指物时：We talked about the teachers and schools that we visited.； ⑤ 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时：He is the only boy that can solve the problem.。 2. 只用 which, who, whom 的情况 ① 在非限定性定语从句中，只用 which 指物、who/whom 指人：He passed the exam, which made his mom happy.； ② 在“介词 + 关系代词”结构中，只用 which 指物、whom 指人：This is the house in which I live.The girl with whom he plays is his sister.； ③ 先行词为 those, one 等表人时多用 who：Those who work hard will make progress. 对点练习 1. All ________ the teacher advised us to do is worth trying. 2. This is the most interesting adventure story ________ I have ever read. 3. They spoke of the classmates and schools ________ they had known before. 4. The plan,on ________ we disagreed, was finally given up. 5. Those ________ want to take part in the summer camp should hand in forms today. 课后练习 1. The team treated more than 3000 people ________ were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia. 2. The Boys and Girls Club ________ he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 3. The most powerful earthquake caused a tsunami ________ crashed into coastlines across Asia. 4. The injured boy ________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 5. No one in modern times knew about the tomb until 1974, ________ some farmers discovered the tomb. 6. There is the reason ________ the phrase has been added to the dictionary. 7. Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free. 8. We like our English teacher, from ________ we have learned a lot. 9. Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of ________ was very reasonable. 10. (2026 新课标Ⅰ卷) They lined up in front of stands ______ serve steamed dumplings and hot noodle soup. 11. (2023全国乙卷) Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. 12. (2022全国甲卷) The man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight, crossed 40 cities. 13. (2020全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 14. (2018北京卷) She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit. 15. (2016全国I卷) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter. 参考答案 四、关系代词与关系副词辨析 · 对点练习 1. that/which 2. when 3. where 4. that/which 5. why 6. that/which 六、关系代词特殊的使用情况 · 对点练习 1. that（先行词 all，不定代词，只用 that）2. that（最高级修饰先行词）3. that（先行词既指人又指物）4. to which（搭配 disagree to sth；介词提前，非限制性从句，不用 that）5. who（those 指代人，常用 who） 课后练习 1. who/that 2. that/which 3. that/which 4. whose 5. when 6. why 7. which 8. whom 9. which 10. that/which 11. that/which 12. who 13. whose 14. which 15. when 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $