Unit 5 Human and Nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语北师大版必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“Human and Nature”为主题，融合外刊阅读、词汇语法解析与多题型训练，构建“输入-内化-输出”的语言能力培养体系，强化自然与人类关系话题的跨情境应用。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇BBC文章+2个长难句|通过介词短语作状语、现在分词作结果状语等语法分析法拆解复杂句式|以地震风险为切入点，串联地质术语与灾害影响，构建“现象-成因-影响-应对”的逻辑链条| |培优提升篇|6篇阅读（含图表、完形、语法填空）|细节定位（如数据题）、主旨归纳（如海绵城市功能）等解题策略|覆盖自然灾害、环境保护等高频话题，从单题考查到综合语篇理解，梯度提升思维品质| |迁移应用篇|7个完成句子+1篇应用文|词汇派生（如vary→varied）、固定搭配（如shelter...from）等语言知识迁移|将单元核心词汇语法转化为写作与句子表达能力，体现学习能力的实际应用|

Unit 5 Human and Nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1. C 2. C 3. B Passage 2 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A Passage 3 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B Passage 4 1. C 2. F 3. D 4. E 5. B Passage 5 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.B Passage 6 1.to water 2.from 3.commonly 4.centuries 5.the 6.placed 7.was achieved 8.posting 9.attractive 10.that/which 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.from 2.walking 3.varied 4.scary 5.harmless 6.originality 7.disappearance 二、应用文写作 【范文】 Notice To let students know more about natural disasters,our school will hold a lecture this Friday.The lecture will take place in the school hall at 2 pm on Friday.It will be presented by a group of experts,who will share their knowledge and experience with us.There will also be a Q&A session after the lecture,where you can ask any questions you may have. You are supposed to arrive on time and be respectful to the speakers and your fellow students.Please also be mindful of your behavior during the Q&A session. We look forward to seeing you all at the lecture. Students’ Union 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 5 Human and Nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：BBC Learning English） Hidden Fault Lines Raise Seattle Earthquake Concerns Scientists warn that hidden fault lines beneath Seattle may bring stronger earthquakes than previously expected, increasing seismic risks for the city. The Seattle Fault Zone stretches east-west under Seattle and Puget Sound. Researchers have known the main fault for decades. However, recent studies show its underground network is far larger. Unlike well-known surface faults such as California’s San Andreas Fault, these blind faults lie buried underground with no clear marks on the surface, making them extremely hard to map. Several factors make these hidden faults threatening. First, shallow earthquakes produce violent shaking on the ground. Second, large groups of citizens live right above the fault system. Third, soft local soil can strengthen seismic waves. Besides, many older buildings fail to meet modern earthquake safety standards. Historical evidence proves the danger. Around 923 CE, a powerful quake hit the area, lifting coastal land several meters and causing tsunamis. The 2001 Nisqually earthquake caused damage too, yet scientists believe shallow quakes on the Seattle Fault Zone could lead to worse destruction. A major earthquake here would damage bridges, pipelines and power systems. Unreinforced old buildings risk collapse. Landslides and liquefaction (土壤液化) in waterfront areas will worsen losses. As an important transport and tech center, Seattle’s disaster would affect global supply chains. Though modern tools like seismic imaging help explore hidden faults, scientists still cannot predict the exact time of future earthquakes. They only estimate long-term risks based on geological records. Earthquakes do not follow fixed schedules, so the word “overdue” should be used carefully. Luckily, continuous research improves risk maps. It will guide new building rules, infrastructure improvement and emergency plans. Experts stress that preparation is the most effective way to reduce disaster harm. While humans cannot stop earthquakes, better knowledge of underground faults helps cities get ready for coming threats. 【全文翻译】 隐藏断层引发西雅图地震担忧 科学家警告称，西雅图地下隐藏的断层可能带来比预期更强烈的地震，从而增加了该市的地震风险。 西雅图断层带在西雅图和普吉特海湾下方呈东西走向延伸。研究人员几十年来一直知道这条主要断层的存在。然而，最近的研究表明，其地下网络远比想象的庞大。与加州圣安德烈亚斯断层等著名的地表断层不同，这些“盲断层”深埋地下，地表没有明显的痕迹，这使得它们极难绘制地图。 有几个因素使得这些隐藏的断层极具威胁性。首先，浅源地震会在地面产生剧烈的震动。其次，大量市民正好居住在断层系统之上。第三，松软的当地土壤会放大（增强）地震波。此外，许多老旧建筑未能达到现代的地震安全标准。历史证据也证明了这种危险。大约在公元923年，一场强烈的地震袭击了该地区，导致沿海陆地抬升数米并引发了海啸。2001年的尼斯夸利地震也造成了破坏，但科学家认为，西雅图断层带上的浅源地震可能会导致更严重的毁灭。 这里若发生大地震，将破坏桥梁、管道和电力系统。未经加固的老旧建筑有倒塌的风险。滨水区的滑坡和土壤液化将加剧损失。作为重要的交通和科技中心，西雅图的灾难将影响全球供应链。 尽管地震成像等现代工具有助于探测隐藏断层，但科学家仍无法预测未来地震的确切时间。他们只能根据地质记录来评估长期风险。地震不会遵循固定的时间表，因此在使用“逾期（即将发生）”一词时应保持谨慎。 幸运的是，持续的研究正在不断完善风险地图。这将指导新的建筑规范、基础设施改造和应急预案的制定。专家强调，做好防范是减轻灾害破坏的最有效方法。虽然人类无法阻止地震，但对地下断层的深入了解有助于城市为即将到来的威胁做好准备。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ① fault line n. 断层线；断裂带 ② seismic adj. 地震的；地震引起的 ③ stretch v. 延伸；绵延 ④ blind fault n. 盲断层；隐伏断层 ⑤ threatening adj. 构成威胁的；危险的 ⑥ violent adj. 剧烈的；猛烈的 ⑦ liquefaction n. 液化（现象） ⑧ unreinforced adj. 未经加固的 ⑨ collapse v. 倒塌；坍塌 ⑩ supply chain n. 供应链 ⑪ imaging n. 成像技术 ⑫ predict v. 预测；预言 ⑬ geological adj. 地质的；地质学的 ⑭ overdue adj. 逾期的；早该发生的 ⑮ continuous adj. 持续的；不间断的 ⑯ infrastructure n. 基础设施 ⑰ emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 ⑱ coastal adj. 沿海的 ⑲ tsunami n. 海啸 ⑳ preparation n. 准备；防备 【长难句分析】 1. Unlike well-known surface faults such as California’s San Andreas Fault, these blind faults lie buried underground with no clear marks on the surface, making them extremely hard to map. 句意：与加州圣安德烈亚斯断层等著名的地表断层不同，这些盲断层深埋地下，地表没有明显的痕迹，这使得它们极难绘制地图。 分析：本句主干是 these blind faults lie buried underground（这些盲断层深埋地下）；Unlike... 是介词短语作状语，表示对比；with no clear marks on the surface 是with复合结构作伴随状语；making them extremely hard to map 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面情况导致的结果。 2. Though modern tools like seismic imaging help explore hidden faults, scientists still cannot predict the exact time of future earthquakes. 句意：尽管地震成像等现代工具有助于探测隐藏断层，但科学家仍无法预测未来地震的确切时间。 分析：本句是由 Though 引导的让步状语从句；主句是 scientists still cannot predict the exact time of future earthquakes；like seismic imaging 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 modern tools。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 The greening of planes,trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. This energy transition(变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. 2.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. 3.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. Passage 2 Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world.The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall,but as cities expand,and more and more land is under concrete or paving,less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage(排水) systems.As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water,the risk of flash flooding increases.Could the way that cities are growing be making things worse?Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so.Early in 2013,he proposed the concept of “sponge(海绵) cities”,which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge-reducing the risk of sudden floods.Natural solutions are encouraged,using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater.Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world.Auckland,in New Zealand,was named the spongiest city in one study.It has replaced the concrete culverts(涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach,but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam.The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings.These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside,and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater.This water can be used by people to water plants or wash toilets.Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing.Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally.What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 4.What may cause the risk of city flooding? A.The city size. B.The city design. C.The city location. D.The city population. 5.Which of the following fails to serve as “sponge”? A.Riverside parks. B.Ponds. C.Blue-green roofs. D.Culverts. 6.What can be inferred about the sponge city approach from the last paragraph? A.It uses boxing with nature. B.It works well without doubt. C.Its further function needs testing. D.It is sufficient for future flooding. 7.What’s the main idea of the text? A.How sponge cities could prevent floods. B.Why the concept of “sponge cities” was proposed. C.Why floods are becoming more and more common. D.How the natural approach combines with high-tech methods. Passage 3 A rescue has been carried out and flood warnings are in place in Far North Queensland as Cyclone(气旋) Jasper caused widespread damage and flooding. Rescue workers were called to Mossman,a town near Port Douglas,at about 12:40 am,where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation(疏散) centre in the local library.Around 40,000 homes and businesses lost power,and the Captain Cook Highway was cut between Cairns and Port Douglas. Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical(热带的) low on Thursday,it was a wild night,bringing heavy rain and strong winds.Senior Meteorologist Laura Boekel said,“This event is not over.We have seen about half a meter of rainfall in the last 24 hours across Far North Queensland.” The Bureau of Meteorology warned of rising river levels in the Mossman River,which could reach levels similar to the floods in January 2019.Areas around Wujal Wujal,Cape Tribulation,and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone,and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected. A weather warning remained in place across Far North Queensland.People from Cooktown to Port Douglas were overnight warned to prepare for possible flooding.People in the storm’s path were being warned not to be fooled by the calm conditions inside the cyclone’s 70 km-wide eye,which was expected to take hours to cross over some areas.“The eye is really big,” Boekel said on Wednesday night.“There’s a period of calm conditions in the eye itself.But you can’t pick that time period.Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass.” The cyclone was producing wind speeds of 140 km/h,with centre wind speeds of 100 km/h. 8.Why were rescue workers called to Mossman? A.A storm leveled the local library. B.Some cars broke down on the road. C.People were stuck in the flood. D.A flood was expected to come soon. 9.What can we learn about Far North Queensland according to the text? A.It was hard hit by the storm. B.It never saw a strong wind like this. C.It badly needs a growth industry. D.It is well known for its highways. 10.What is Boekel’s suggestion for the people in the affected areas? A.Keep safe until the storm completely passes. B.Have fun by taking part in outdoor activities. C.Stay up with family members in the library. D.Report the wind speeds in a timely manner. 11.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A magazine. B.A newspaper. C.A guide book. D.A science report. Passage 4 Four Tips to Stay Safe During a heat wave,very hot temperatures have been breaking records during the summer across the USA.But it’s not just in the USA heat wave in June set new record highs.So what is a human to do? 1 ◆Dress for the Weather During a heat wave,you have to dress properly.Clothing like loose and light-colored clothes are best if you have to work or be outside. 2 Also be sure to protect your face,hands and any other exposed skin with sunscreen(防晒霜),or you can wear a hat and sunglasses. ◆Avoid Outdoor Activities If possible,participate in outdoor activities during the morning hours. 3 Take frequent breaks in the shade.If you’re working outside in the heat,and the activity makes your heart race faster,stop and get inside to cool off and rest,especially if you feel light-headed(头昏眼花的) or confused. ◆Keep Cool 4 If that’s not possible,try to go to a public place like a library,mall or a movie theater.Many cities will open up shelters during heat waves to provide citizens with relief,especially in areas where air conditioning(空调设备) isn’t widely used. ◆ 5 Heat-related illness can affect anyone,but some people are particularly at risk.If you live with,or know people,like young kids,the sick or elderly,overweight people,outside workers,check on them frequently during a heat wave.We should monitor those at risk at least twice a day for signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke,and babies and young children,even more frequently. A.Avoid the Side Effects B.Protect Those Most at Risk C.Here are four heat wave safety tips to help you deal with the dangers. D.If not,you can put off them until evening when temperatures are cooler. E.During a heat wave,you’d better stay indoors where there’s air conditioning. F.This will help protect yourself from sunburn and help you keep a little cooler. G.That is the best way to keep you from being affected by the high temperatures. Passage 5 One moment Marzela was combing(梳) her hair,the next she and the rest of her family were running from their home in terror.A huge 1 made the walls around them shake.They only just managed to 2 from their houses as a second quake brought it crashing down completely. In the 3 that followed,Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother.She fled the scene on the back of her older 4 motorbike.“I kept crying because I was so 5 ,” she remembers. The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami;nearly 165,000 people were 6 to leave their homes.Water supplies and other vital infrastructure(基础设施) were 7 .Families were left without clean 8 and put at heightened risk of disease. With donor support,Save the Children’s teams have 9 vital healthcare,shelter and fresh water.They’ve set up 10 ,built temporary schools and provided shelter.They helped save thousands of children’s lives. With their home in ruins,Marzela and her family spent a month 11 under tarpaulins(防水油布) in the jungle.But now,though 12 ,thanks to a cash support provided by Save the Children,they’re beginning to 13 their lives.Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future,when she 14 to become a teacher.And she really wants to 15 the goodwill she has received in her own way. 1.A.hurricane B.earthquake C.flood D.storm 2.A.reach B.find C.escape D.move 3.A.disorders B.responses C.stories D.experiments 4.A.sibling’s B.friend’s C.classmate’s D.neighbor’s 5.A.sad B.touched C.excited D.afraid 6.A.persuaded B.encouraged C.predicted D.forced 7.A.ruined B.repaired C.strengthened D.moved 8.A.clothes B.air C.water D.tents 9.A.received B.provided C.chose D.investigated 10.A.factories B.clinics C.canteens D.camps 11.A.volunteering B.working C.sleeping D.studying 12.A.slightly B.accidentally C.slowly D.happily 13.A.enrich B.improve C.change D.rebuild 14.A.hopes B.needs C.fails D.continues 15.A.record B.spread C.cherish D.admire Passage 6 From mountains in Yunnan Province,the Hani Rice Terraces reach over more than 160 square kilometers to create a most spectacular landscape. Since ancient times,the local Hani people have channeled spring water from mountains and forests 1. (water) the terraced fields.Some terraces are as big as football fields,and others no larger than a bed sheet.They climb 2. riverbank locations at less than 500 meters above sea level to heights of more than 1,800 meters.The 3.(common) used description “stairways to heaven” is most suitable here. However,the wonder remained largely unknown to the rest of the world for 4.  (century).Nobody paid much attention to these terraces until 5. 2000s.New roads arrived and the local government was determined to get the terraces 6. (place) on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.This 7. (achieve) in 2013.Over the past decade,it has become impossible to keep such a wonder under wraps.Photography fans have crowded in,taking pictures and then 8. (post) them on social media. Although the terraces shine with bright green during the summer growing season,the landscape is most 9. (attract) from November to late April.During this period,the water-filled terraces turn into natural mirrors 10. reflect every sunrise and sunset. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.You can’t shelter your brother being blamed for the accident. 2.I observed an old man (walk) slowly in the park while walking my dog yesterday evening. 3.The tropical rainforest has the most (vary) animals and plants in the world. 4.Although the bear looks cute,it’s really (scare). 5.You can hold the snake because it is (harm). 6.The decoration of this bedroom is full of (original). 7.The  (disappear) of the red wolves has brought about many unexpected results. 二、应用文写作 假定你是校学生会主席李华,你校将于本周五举办主题为自然灾害(natural disaster)的讲座,请你为校英语广播站写一则通知。要点包括: 1.讲座时间及安排; 2.注意事项。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Notice ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union $ Unit 5 Human and Nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 The greening of planes,trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. This energy transition(变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. 2.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. 3.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比,以及让我们的交通方式更环保的办法。 1.C 细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”可知,道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%,即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。 2.C 细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化;其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知,火车实现绿色化很容易。再结合PLANES—Synthetic hydrocarbons部分中的“The hardest sector...”,TRUCKS—Hydrogen fuel cells部分中的“but making green hydrogen is expensive”以及SHIPS—Liquid ammonia部分中的“but it is hard to...”可知,飞机、卡车和轮船要想实现绿色化都有难度,故排除A、B、D三项。 3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,’ says Wipke.(我们需要加速绿色能源的开发,而且这些能源都会被利用起来)”可知,Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入,即加大对绿色能源的投入。 Passage 2 Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world.The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall,but as cities expand,and more and more land is under concrete or paving,less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage(排水) systems.As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water,the risk of flash flooding increases.Could the way that cities are growing be making things worse?Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so.Early in 2013,he proposed the concept of “sponge(海绵) cities”,which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge-reducing the risk of sudden floods.Natural solutions are encouraged,using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater.Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world.Auckland,in New Zealand,was named the spongiest city in one study.It has replaced the concrete culverts(涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. Auckland has taken a natural approach,but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam.The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings.These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside,and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater.This water can be used by people to water plants or wash toilets.Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing.Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally.What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 4.What may cause the risk of city flooding? A.The city size. B.The city design. C.The city location. D.The city population. 5.Which of the following fails to serve as “sponge”? A.Riverside parks. B.Ponds. C.Blue-green roofs. D.Culverts. 6.What can be inferred about the sponge city approach from the last paragraph? A.It uses boxing with nature. B.It works well without doubt. C.Its further function needs testing. D.It is sufficient for future flooding. 7.What’s the main idea of the text? A.How sponge cities could prevent floods. B.Why the concept of “sponge cities” was proposed. C.Why floods are becoming more and more common. D.How the natural approach combines with high-tech methods. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球洪水频发的原因以及如何通过“海绵城市”的设计来减少洪水风险。文章还介绍了自然方法和高科技方法在城市防洪中的应用。 4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall,but as cities expand,and more and more land is under concrete or paving,less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage(排水) systems.As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water,the risk of flash flooding increases.”可知,城市设计(如混凝土覆盖和排水系统)是导致洪水风险增加的主要原因。故选B项。 5.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Auckland,in New Zealand,was named the spongiest city in one study.It has replaced the concrete culverts(涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.”可知,涵洞是混凝土结构,不具备“海绵”功能。故选D项。 6.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally.What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding.”可推知,海绵城市方法的进一步功能需要测试。故选C项。 7.A 主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第二段中的“Early in 2013,he proposed the concept of ‘sponge(海绵) cities’,which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge-reducing the risk of sudden floods.Natural solutions are encouraged,using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater.Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world.”可知,文章重点介绍了“海绵城市”的概念及其在城市防洪中的应用,包括自然方法和高科技方法。故选A项。 Passage 3 A rescue has been carried out and flood warnings are in place in Far North Queensland as Cyclone(气旋) Jasper caused widespread damage and flooding. Rescue workers were called to Mossman,a town near Port Douglas,at about 12:40 am,where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation(疏散) centre in the local library.Around 40,000 homes and businesses lost power,and the Captain Cook Highway was cut between Cairns and Port Douglas. Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical(热带的) low on Thursday,it was a wild night,bringing heavy rain and strong winds.Senior Meteorologist Laura Boekel said,“This event is not over.We have seen about half a meter of rainfall in the last 24 hours across Far North Queensland.” The Bureau of Meteorology warned of rising river levels in the Mossman River,which could reach levels similar to the floods in January 2019.Areas around Wujal Wujal,Cape Tribulation,and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone,and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected. A weather warning remained in place across Far North Queensland.People from Cooktown to Port Douglas were overnight warned to prepare for possible flooding.People in the storm’s path were being warned not to be fooled by the calm conditions inside the cyclone’s 70 km-wide eye,which was expected to take hours to cross over some areas.“The eye is really big,” Boekel said on Wednesday night.“There’s a period of calm conditions in the eye itself.But you can’t pick that time period.Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass.” The cyclone was producing wind speeds of 140 km/h,with centre wind speeds of 100 km/h. 8.Why were rescue workers called to Mossman? A.A storm leveled the local library. B.Some cars broke down on the road. C.People were stuck in the flood. D.A flood was expected to come soon. 9.What can we learn about Far North Queensland according to the text? A.It was hard hit by the storm. B.It never saw a strong wind like this. C.It badly needs a growth industry. D.It is well known for its highways. 10.What is Boekel’s suggestion for the people in the affected areas? A.Keep safe until the storm completely passes. B.Have fun by taking part in outdoor activities. C.Stay up with family members in the library. D.Report the wind speeds in a timely manner. 11.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A magazine. B.A newspaper. C.A guide book. D.A science report. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了气旋Jasper对昆士兰州北部造成的破坏和救援情况。 8.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rescue workers were called to Mossman,a town near Port Douglas,at about 12:40 am,where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation(疏散) centre in the local library.”可知,由于危险的洪水,有人需要被转移到安全地带,然后被带到当地图书馆的一个疏散中心。因此,救援人员被叫到Mossman镇是因为人们被困在洪水中。故选C项。 9.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical(热带的) low on Thursday,it was a wild night,bringing heavy rain and strong winds.”以及第四段中的“Areas around Wujal Wujal,Cape Tribulation,and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone,and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected.”可知,Wujal Wujal、Cape Tribulation和Port Douglas周边地区是遭受气旋袭击最严重的地区,附近的Palm Cove和Cairns等社区也受到了影响。由此可知,Far North Queensland受到了风暴的严重袭击。故选A项。 10.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass.”可知,Boekel建议受影响地区的人们待在一个安全的地方,等待整个风暴系统过去。故选A项。 11.B 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段可知,文章主要讲述了气旋贾斯珀给昆士兰北部带来的影响,包括人员被困、救援行动、天气情况以及对人们的警告等,这种报道具有时效性和新闻性,符合报纸的特点。故选B项。 Passage 4 Four Tips to Stay Safe During a heat wave,very hot temperatures have been breaking records during the summer across the USA.But it’s not just in the USA heat wave in June set new record highs.So what is a human to do? 1 ◆Dress for the Weather During a heat wave,you have to dress properly.Clothing like loose and light-colored clothes are best if you have to work or be outside. 2 Also be sure to protect your face,hands and any other exposed skin with sunscreen(防晒霜),or you can wear a hat and sunglasses. ◆Avoid Outdoor Activities If possible,participate in outdoor activities during the morning hours. 3 Take frequent breaks in the shade.If you’re working outside in the heat,and the activity makes your heart race faster,stop and get inside to cool off and rest,especially if you feel light-headed(头昏眼花的) or confused. ◆Keep Cool 4 If that’s not possible,try to go to a public place like a library,mall or a movie theater.Many cities will open up shelters during heat waves to provide citizens with relief,especially in areas where air conditioning(空调设备) isn’t widely used. ◆ 5 Heat-related illness can affect anyone,but some people are particularly at risk.If you live with,or know people,like young kids,the sick or elderly,overweight people,outside workers,check on them frequently during a heat wave.We should monitor those at risk at least twice a day for signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke,and babies and young children,even more frequently. A.Avoid the Side Effects B.Protect Those Most at Risk C.Here are four heat wave safety tips to help you deal with the dangers. D.If not,you can put off them until evening when temperatures are cooler. E.During a heat wave,you’d better stay indoors where there’s air conditioning. F.This will help protect yourself from sunburn and help you keep a little cooler. G.That is the best way to keep you from being affected by the high temperatures. 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. D 4. E 5. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在高温热浪中保证安全的四条建议。 1.C 上文“So what is a human to do?”提出针对高温热浪,人应该怎样应对的问题,下文给出了具体的建议。由此可知C项“下面介绍在高温热浪中保证安全的四条建议,以帮助你应对危险。”承上启下,符合语境。故选C项。 2.F 根据上文“Clothing like loose and light-colored clothes are best if you have to work or be outside.”可知,如果你必须工作或外出,最好穿宽松和浅色的衣服。因此F项“这样有助于你防止晒伤和保持凉爽。”承接上文,符合语境。故选F项。 3.D 根据上文“ If possible,participate in outdoor activities during the morning hours.”可知,最好是在早上进行户外作业。因此D项“如果做不到,可以选择到晚上,那时温度较凉爽。”承接上文,符合语境。故选D项。 4.E 根据本段的小标题及内容可知,本部分主要讲的是保持凉爽,所以在室内开空调是不错的选择。因此,E项“在高温热浪期间,最好待在开有空调的室内。”与本段内容一致。故选E项。 5.B 本空是一个小标题。本部分主要讲的是应该多多关注那些容易被高温影响的人,尤其是老人和小孩。因此,B项“保护高风险人群”适合作本部分的标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 One moment Marzela was combing(梳) her hair,the next she and the rest of her family were running from their home in terror.A huge 1 made the walls around them shake.They only just managed to 2 from their houses as a second quake brought it crashing down completely. In the 3 that followed,Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother.She fled the scene on the back of her older 4 motorbike.“I kept crying because I was so 5 ,” she remembers. The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami;nearly 165,000 people were 6 to leave their homes.Water supplies and other vital infrastructure(基础设施) were 7 .Families were left without clean 8 and put at heightened risk of disease. With donor support,Save the Children’s teams have 9 vital healthcare,shelter and fresh water.They’ve set up 10 ,built temporary schools and provided shelter.They helped save thousands of children’s lives. With their home in ruins,Marzela and her family spent a month 11 under tarpaulins(防水油布) in the jungle.But now,though 12 ,thanks to a cash support provided by Save the Children,they’re beginning to 13 their lives.Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future,when she 14 to become a teacher.And she really wants to 15 the goodwill she has received in her own way. 1.A.hurricane B.earthquake C.flood D.storm 2.A.reach B.find C.escape D.move 3.A.disorders B.responses C.stories D.experiments 4.A.sibling’s B.friend’s C.classmate’s D.neighbor’s 5.A.sad B.touched C.excited D.afraid 6.A.persuaded B.encouraged C.predicted D.forced 7.A.ruined B.repaired C.strengthened D.moved 8.A.clothes B.air C.water D.tents 9.A.received B.provided C.chose D.investigated 10.A.factories B.clinics C.canteens D.camps 11.A.volunteering B.working C.sleeping D.studying 12.A.slightly B.accidentally C.slowly D.happily 13.A.enrich B.improve C.change D.rebuild 14.A.hopes B.needs C.fails D.continues 15.A.record B.spread C.cherish D.admire 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在大地震之后,Marzela和她的家人在“救助儿童会”(Save the Children)的帮助下,开始重建他们的生活的故事。 1.B 根据下文“as a second quake brought it crashing down completely”可知,发生了地震。故选B项。 2.C 根据下文“as a second quake brought it crashing down completely”可知,地震使房子倒塌了,因此他们是从房子里逃了出来。故选C项。 3.A 根据上文“A huge made the walls around them shake.”可知,发生了地震,所以此处指地震后的混乱局面。故选A项。 4.A 根据上文“Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother.”可知,Marzela是坐在她哥哥的摩托车后座上逃离了现场。故选A项。 5.D 根据上文“I kept crying”可知,她一直哭,说明她很害怕。故选D项。 6.D 根据上文“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知,发生了海啸,人们被迫离开家园。故选D项。 7.A 根据上文“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知,发生了海啸,基础设施被毁。故选A项。 8.C 根据下文“and put at heightened risk of disease”并根据常识可知,地震和海啸后没有干净的水会增加患病的风险。且下文“fresh water”也是提示。故选C项。 9.B 根据下文“vital healthcare,shelter and fresh water”可知,“救助儿童会”提供了重要的医疗、住所和淡水。故选B项。 10.B 根据上文“vital healthcare”可知,此处指建立了诊所提供医疗服务。故选B项。 11.C 根据下文“under tarpaulins(防水油布) in the jungle”可知,他们的家成了废墟,所以只能睡在丛林的防水油布下。故选C项。 12.C 根据上文“A huge made the walls around them shake.”和“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知,发生了地震并引发海啸,造成了巨大破坏,因此他们开始重建自己的生活的进展缓慢。故选C项。 13.D 根据上文“With their home in ruins”可知,他们的家成了废墟,所以此处指重建自己的生活。故选D项。 14.A 根据上文“Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future”可知,她希望成为一名教师。故选A项。 15.B 根据下文“the goodwill she has received in her own way”可知,Marzela想用自己的方式传播她所得到的善意。故选B项。 Passage 6 From mountains in Yunnan Province,the Hani Rice Terraces reach over more than 160 square kilometers to create a most spectacular landscape. Since ancient times,the local Hani people have channeled spring water from mountains and forests 1. (water) the terraced fields.Some terraces are as big as football fields,and others no larger than a bed sheet.They climb 2. riverbank locations at less than 500 meters above sea level to heights of more than 1,800 meters.The 3.(common) used description “stairways to heaven” is most suitable here. However,the wonder remained largely unknown to the rest of the world for 4.  (century).Nobody paid much attention to these terraces until 5. 2000s.New roads arrived and the local government was determined to get the terraces 6. (place) on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.This 7. (achieve) in 2013.Over the past decade,it has become impossible to keep such a wonder under wraps.Photography fans have crowded in,taking pictures and then 8. (post) them on social media. Although the terraces shine with bright green during the summer growing season,the landscape is most 9. (attract) from November to late April.During this period,the water-filled terraces turn into natural mirrors 10. reflect every sunrise and sunset. 【答案】 1.to water 2.from 3.commonly 4.centuries 5.the 6.placed 7.was achieved 8.posting 9.attractive 10.that/which Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界非物质文化遗产——云南省的哈尼梯田。 1.to water 考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语。故填to water。 2.from 考查固定短语。from...to...是固定短语,意为“从……到……”。故填from。 3.commonly 考查副词。修饰过去分词used要用副词形式。故填commonly。 4.centuries 考查名词。century是可数名词,此处表复数意义,应用复数形式。故填centuries。 5.the 考查冠词。2000s指的是21世纪,常与定冠词连用。故填the。 6.placed 考查非谓语动词。此处考查“get sth done”结构,意为“让某事被做”。故填placed。 7.was achieved 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“in 2013”可知,动词要用一般过去时;achieve和主语This之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是单数形式。故填was achieved。 8.posting 考查非谓语动词。post和taking并列,在句中作状语,应用动词-ing形式。故填posting。 9.attractive 考查形容词。作表语要用形容词。故填attractive。 10.that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰mirrors,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that/which。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.You can’t shelter your brother being blamed for the accident. 2.I observed an old man (walk) slowly in the park while walking my dog yesterday evening. 3.The tropical rainforest has the most (vary) animals and plants in the world. 4.Although the bear looks cute,it’s really (scare). 5.You can hold the snake because it is (harm). 6.The decoration of this bedroom is full of (original). 7.The  (disappear) of the red wolves has brought about many unexpected results. 【答案】 1.from 2.walking 3.varied 4.scary 5.harmless 6.originality 7.disappearance 【详解】 1. from 考查介词。固定搭配 shelter sb. from sth. 保护某人免受……。句意：你不能庇护你弟弟，让他免于为这起事故受指责。故填 from。 2. walking 考查非谓语动词。observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。昨晚遛狗时，我看见一位老人正在公园里慢慢行走。故填 walking。 3. varied 考查形容词。修饰名词 animals and plants 需用形容词。vary 动词；varied 形容词，意为 “各种各样的”。句意：热带雨林拥有世界上种类最丰富的动植物。故填 varied。 4. scary 考查形容词。此处作表语，主语 it 指代 the bear，scary 表示 “令人害怕的”。句意：虽然这只熊看起来可爱，但它实际上很吓人。故填 scary。 5. harmless 考查形容词。作表语，根据 “你可以握住这条蛇” 可知它是无害的；harm 名词，harmless 形容词 “无害的”。故填 harmless。 6. originality 考查名词。介词 of 后面需要接名词；original 形容词，originality 名词，意为 “独创性；创意”。句意：这间卧室的装饰充满创意。故填 originality。 7. disappearance 考查名词。空前有定冠词 The，后面需要名词作主语；disappear 动词，disappearance 名词 “消失”。句意：红狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的后果。故填 disappearance。 二、应用文写作 假定你是校学生会主席李华,你校将于本周五举办主题为自然灾害(natural disaster)的讲座,请你为校英语广播站写一则通知。要点包括: 1.讲座时间及安排; 2.注意事项。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Notice ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 【范文】 Notice To let students know more about natural disasters,our school will hold a lecture this Friday.The lecture will take place in the school hall at 2 pm on Friday.It will be presented by a group of experts,who will share their knowledge and experience with us.There will also be a Q&A session after the lecture,where you can ask any questions you may have. You are supposed to arrive on time and be respectful to the speakers and your fellow students.Please also be mindful of your behavior during the Q&A session. We look forward to seeing you all at the lecture. Students’ Union 【分析】 1. 词汇积累 举办：hold → be scheduled to be held 讲座：lecture → speech 专家：expert → specialist 准时到达：arrive on time → be present punctually 尊重：be respectful to → show respect to 2. 句式拓展 原句：The lecture will take place in the school hall at 2 pm on Friday. 拓展句：The lecture themed natural disaster will be held in the school hall, starting at 2 p.m. this Friday.（非谓语提升句式层次） 原句：There will also be a Q&A session after the lecture. 拓展句：Following the lecture will be a Q&A session for you to raise relevant questions.（倒装句式，考场加分） 【点睛】 【高分句型 1】It will be presented by a group of experts,who will share their knowledge and experience with us. （who 引导非限制性定语从句，补充介绍主讲专家，通知高频加分句型） 【高分句型 2】There will also be a Q&A session after the lecture,where you can ask any questions you may have. （where 引导定语从句修饰 Q&A session，信息表达紧凑） 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $