热点时文18 海洋垃圾·河上拦截（阅读专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习时文阅读高分突破

**基本信息** 以“海洋塑料污染”热点为载体，构建“主题-词汇-语法-题型”四维训练体系，融合语言能力培养与环保意识渗透。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词库筑基|16个课标词汇|课标词汇分类提取+语境应用|从基础词汇到主题拓展词汇，构建环保主题词网| |长句解码|1个复杂句|主句结构分析+比较结构拆解+翻译技巧（破折号转化）|语法解析→翻译实践→仿写应用，形成长句处理闭环| |阅读理解|2篇（8题）|细节定位（如Motagua River数据）、词义推测（interceptor）|问题→措施→成效→启示，符合说明文逻辑链| |语法填空|2篇（20空）|动词时态（现在完成时）、非谓语（expected）、从句引导词|语境语法应用，强化语篇中语法知识的灵活运用| |应用文写作|1篇发言稿|要点整合（背景-措施-成效-启示）+主题词汇运用|信息筛选→逻辑重组→语言表达，提升书面沟通能力|

热点时文18 海洋塑料·河上拦截 【时文·速递】 Cleaning the Oceans by Stopping Plastic in Rivers 通过拦截河流塑料，净化海洋 Faced with widespread climate anxiety, a Dutch non-profit organization is developing river-based technology that is expected to greatly reduce ocean plastic pollution in the coming decades. 面对普遍蔓延的气候焦虑，荷兰一家非营利组织正在研发适用于河流的技术，有望在未来数十年大幅减少海洋塑料污染。 Dutch inventor Boyan Slat believes the global ocean plastic crisis can be dramatically eased within 15 years at a cost of less than $1 billion. He founded The Ocean Cleanup, a non-profit group whose technology is designed to trap waste before it flows into oceans. 荷兰发明家博扬·斯拉特认为，投入不到10亿美元，就能在15年内极大缓解全球海洋塑料危机。他创立了非营利组织“海洋清理计划”，该机构研发的技术旨在在垃圾流入海洋前将其拦截。 Most ocean plastic comes from rivers. Floating barriers catch rubbish as it moves downstream. Meanwhile, autonomous “interceptor” boats equipped with conveyor belts collect plastic waste for recycling or safe disposal. These systems have already been deployed in rivers across Indonesia, India, Colombia, the Philippines and the Caribbean. According to Slat, targeting just 30 key cities could prevent nearly one-third of plastic from entering oceans. 绝大多数海洋塑料源自河流。漂浮屏障能够拦截顺流而下的垃圾。与此同时，配备传送带的全自动“拦截器”船只收集塑料垃圾，以便回收利用或进行无害化处理。这套系统已经部署在印度尼西亚、印度、哥伦比亚、菲律宾以及加勒比地区的多条河流。斯拉特表示，只要重点治理30座核心城市，就能阻止近三分之一的塑料流入海洋。 Slat points out that the Motagua River in Guatemala alone sends more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined — accounting for about 2% of global plastic waste flowing into oceans. His team plans to clean up these heavily polluted river hotspots by 2030, a project estimated to cost $350 million. Their long-term goal is to block 90% of floating plastic from reaching seas by 2040. In addition, the team will continue to clear existing waste piles such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 斯拉特指出，危地马拉的莫塔瓜河单独排入海洋的塑料总量，超过经合组织全部38个成员国排放量之和，约占全球入海塑料垃圾总量的2%。他的团队计划在2030年前清理这些污染严重的河流重点区域，该项目预估耗资3.5亿美元。团队的长期目标是，到2040年阻挡90%的漂浮塑料进入海洋。除此之外，团队还将持续清理现存垃圾聚集区，例如太平洋垃圾带。 Now 31, Slat dropped out of his aerospace engineering studies more than ten years ago to devote himself to this project. So far, his organization has removed nearly 50 million kilograms of plastic from rivers and oceans worldwide. 斯拉特现年31岁，十多年前，他放弃航空航天工程专业的学业，全身心投入这项事业。迄今为止，他创办的机构已经在全球各地的河流与海洋中清理了近5000万公斤塑料。 “The world needs a success story. Many young people feel pessimistic about environmental problems. If we can prove that ocean plastic pollution can be solved, actions will inspire more actions,” Slat said. 斯拉特说：“世界需要一个成功范例。许多年轻人对环境问题感到悲观。如果我们能够证明海洋塑料污染问题有望得到解决，当下的行动就能催生更多行动。” 【词库·筑基】——课标词汇提取 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/n. 焦虑 2. non-profit /ˌnɒn ˈprɒfɪt/adj. 非营利的 3. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/n. 技术 8. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染 9. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/n. 危机 10. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/n. 屏障；障碍物 4. conveyor /kənˈveɪə(r)/n. 传送带 5. disposal /dɪˈspəʊzl/n. 处理；处置 6. target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/v./n. 以…… 为目标；目标 7. hotspot /ˈhɒtspɒt/n. 热点地区 11. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/v./ˈestɪmət/n. 估计 12. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；激发 13. pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/adj. 悲观的 14. remove /rɪˈmuːv/v. 清除；移除 【词库·拓维】 01 climate anxiety 气候焦虑（指因气候变化而产生的长期恐惧和无力感） Faced with widespread climate anxiety, a Dutch non-profit organization is developing river-based technology. 面对普遍蔓延的气候焦虑，荷兰一家非营利组织正在研发适用于河流的技术。 02 autonomous interceptor 自动拦截器（指无需人工操作即可自动执行拦截任务的设备） Meanwhile, autonomous “interceptor” boats equipped with conveyor belts collect plastic waste. 与此同时，配备传送带的全自动“拦截器”船只收集塑料垃圾。 03 conveyor belt 传送带（用于自动运输物品的带状装置） Boats equipped with conveyor belts collect plastic waste for recycling. 配备传送带的船只收集塑料垃圾以便回收利用。 04 garbage patch 垃圾带（指海洋中大量垃圾聚集形成的区域） The team will continue to clear existing waste piles such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 团队还将持续清理现存垃圾聚集区，例如太平洋垃圾带。 05 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 经济合作与发展组织（简称“经合组织”） ...more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined. ……排入海洋的塑料总量，超过经合组织全部38个成员国排放量之和。 【长句·解码】 原句：Slat points out that the Motagua River in Guatemala alone sends more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined — accounting for about 2% of global plastic waste flowing into oceans. 语法解析： 1. 主句结构：Slat points out that...（斯拉特指出……），that 引导宾语从句。 2. 比较结构：在宾语从句中，核心结构是 more... than...（比……更多）。 3. 比较对象A：the Motagua River in Guatemala alone（仅危地马拉的莫塔瓜河）。 4. 比较对象B：all 38 OECD member countries combined（所有38个经合组织成员国的总和）。 5. 分词作状语：破折号后面的 accounting for... 是现在分词短语作结果状语或补充说明，解释莫塔瓜河排放量的占比情况。 6. 嵌套修饰：in flowing into oceans 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 plastic waste（流入海洋的塑料垃圾）。 翻译技巧： 英文原句通过破折号引出了补充数据，中文翻译时为了保持流畅，可以将破折号后的内容转化为独立的句子，或者用“这一数量约占……”来衔接，使逻辑更清晰。 “斯拉特指出，仅危地马拉的莫塔瓜河排入海洋的塑料总量，就超过了经合组织全部38个成员国排放量的总和——这一数量约占全球入海塑料垃圾总量的2%。” 仿写练习： 专家强调，仅这一个城市产生的电子垃圾就比周边五个省份的总和还要多——约占该地区电子废弃物总量的15%。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、阅读理解 根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. What is the main purpose of The Ocean Cleanup‘s technology? A. To recycle plastic waste from city streets. B. To prevent plastic from reaching the ocean via rivers. C. To build floating barriers across all major oceans. D. To replace traditional waste disposal methods. 2. How does the author support the claim that river pollution is a serious issue? A. By describing the design of the interceptor boats. B. By citing Slat’s drop out of aerospace engineering. C. By comparing the Motagua River with 38 OECD countries. D. By listing the total cost of the clean-up project. 3. What does the underlined word “interceptor” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. A device that prevents something from reaching its destination. B. A boat that transports waste to recycling factories. C. A barrier that blocks fish from moving upstream. D. A system that monitors water quality. 4. What can be inferred about Boyan Slat from the last paragraph? A. He believes success in one area can encourage further environmental action. B. He regrets dropping out of university to start the project. C. He thinks ocean pollution is too big a problem to solve. D. He is mainly motivated by personal profit and fame. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Faced 1. ________ widespread climate anxiety, a Dutch non-profit organization is developing river-based technology 2. ________ (expect) to greatly cut ocean plastic pollution. Dutch inventor Boyan Slat believes the global ocean plastic crisis can 3. ________ (ease) dramatically within 15 years at a cost of less than $1 billion. He founded The Ocean Cleanup, 4. ________ technology is designed to trap waste before it flows into oceans. Most ocean plastic comes from rivers. Floating barriers catch rubbish 5. ________ it moves downstream. Meanwhile, autonomous “interceptor” boats 6. ________ (equip) with conveyor belts collect plastic waste for recycling or safe disposal. Up to now, such systems 7. ________ (put) into use in rivers across Indonesia, India, Colombia, the Philippines and the Caribbean. Slat points out 8. ________ the Motagua River in Guatemala alone sends more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined. His team plans to clean up these heavily polluted river hotspots by 2030, a project 9. ________ (estimate) to cost $350 million. So far, the organization 10. ________ (remove) nearly 50 million kilograms of plastic from rivers and oceans worldwide. “If we can prove that ocean plastic pollution can be solved, actions will inspire more actions,” Slat said. 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英语社团正在举办”环保创新青年说“主题活动，请根据以下信息，写一篇英文发言稿，介绍荷兰青年Boyan Slat及其海洋清洁项目，并谈谈其对青年人的启示。 内容要点： 1. 项目背景：海洋塑料污染严重，大部分塑料来自河流； 2. 核心措施：在河流设置浮动屏障，使用“拦截者”无人船收集塑料垃圾； 3. 项目成效与目标：已在全球多地部署，计划2030年清理重点污染河流，2040年阻止90%漂浮塑料入海； 4. 个人感悟：Slat的事迹对青年人的激励意义。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：ocean plastic pollution 海洋塑料污染；river interception 河流拦截 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1、 阅读理解 passage 1 From beaches across Mexico, groups of women in diving gear who call themselves “sirens”, or mermaids, are taking on the ocean’s ghosts. Starting their days at 6 a.m., they search for and remove one of the most dangerous types of ocean pollution: “ghost gear”, or abandoned fishing equipment. The women work with a Conservation International-Mexico program that trains and certifies divers to tackle this growing problem. Over about five years, Conservation International has trained roughly 100 divers around the world to safely get back ghost gear along coasts. Beyond removing the gear from ecosystems, the program aims to show people in coastal communities the problem of abandoned fishing equipment first-hand. “The cleanup isn’t always straightforward if a fishing net has been there long enough to become part of the ecosystem,” says Jimenez, a marine biologist and senior research coordinator. “Some are quite old,” he says. “Nets that are a few decades old have been incorporated into algae (藻类), coral, other organisms — and if you’re going to remove them, then you’re destroying a habitat.” But other sections of the same net might be dangerous and could be harming animals by ghost fishing. To address this issue, Jimenez developed a modified version of a known measurement to evaluate whether a particular piece of fishing gear should be removed. This new scale, which takes into account regional considerations in the Mediterranean, as well as whether and how organisms are using the debris (残骸) as a home, was described in August in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. He hopes it can help local governments and other organizations decide which fishing gear to remove, without accidentally harming the ecosystem even more. Many fishing nets in Jimenez’s area now have identification tags, so they can be linked to individuals or commercial fisheries when divers recover lost nets. And while accidents happen, if one person is consistently losing gear, or losing it in protected areas, having that gear labeled can flag up the problem. “As soon as your gear is identifiable, then you feel a different level of responsibility,” says Jimenez. “Your attitude will change a bit.” 1. What is the main objective of the “sirens”? A．To punish irresponsible fishing in the sea. B．To get rid of abandoned fishing equipment. C．To raise awareness of endangered ocean creatures. D．To prevent the coastal communities from being harmed. 2. Why might removing old nets be problematic? A．They can have a long life. B．They have destroyed a habitat. C．There are too many kinds of animals. D．They have become a naturalized component. 3. What is new about Jimenez’s scale? A．It avoids accidentally harming the ecosystem. B．It considers regional factors and habitat use. C．It evaluates different parts of the fishing gear. D．It tells diverse regions and organisms from each other. 4. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Labeling gear is a once-and-for-all solution. B．Responsibility helps change one’s attitude to life. C．Addressing ghost gear is a matter of great urgency. D．Identification tags increase fishermen’s responsibility. passage 2 (湖南衡阳市2026届下学期高三高考模拟试题（一）英语试题) For Pu Bingmei, what began as love for the sea has transformed into a lifelong mission: preserving ocean cleanliness, rescuing stranded (搁浅的) whales, and awakening public responsibility. Growing up in arid Northwest China, the 39-year-old always harbored a longing for the sea. Arriving in Sanya for college in 2007, she recalls crystal-clear water with fish gliding beneath. However, frequent seaside visits exposed a grim reality: certain bays emitted smelly odors, with piled garbage and dark sand. Resolved to remedy the situation, she initiated weekly volunteer cleanups — a commitment that became her full-time devotion to the Blue Ribbon Ocean Conservation Association. The association, initially fewer than 10 members, operated on a simple belief: the more litter removed from beaches, the less would reach the ocean. Through systematic monitoring, they identified insufficient trash bins and infrequent collection, offering advice to local authorities. Recognizing the unsustainability of fishing, Pu drew on her tourism management background to chart a new course. She persuaded villagers to abandon fine-mesh nets and cut fishing fleet, introducing wellness tourism. This drove an economic shift, creating over 200 home-stays and local jobs, curbing out-migration. For Pu, marine conservation extends beach cleaning to saving marine mammals. Rescuing stranded whales is daunting: their bodies are built for water, and land pressure harms them. Improper handling causes secondary injuries. The team taught fishermen proper practices — never pushing stranded animals back — and trained firefighters and divers with rescue kits. What strikes her most, however, is the surge in public ecological awareness. Whereas people once joined for small gifts;they now participate out of genuine initiative. In 2024, she led China’s first successful rescue of a short-finned pilot whale, with over 100 volunteers holding it upright around the clock to prevent drowning. “The oceans are connected, ” Pu says. “From picking up trash to inspiring action, concrete deeds and global cooperation truly make a difference. ” 1. What motivated Pu to start weekly cleanups? A．Her lifelong love for the ocean. B．The awful coastal conditions. C．The option to join an association. D．Her college education in Sanya. 2. What efforts has Pu made to save the ocean? A．Rescuing endangered wildlife. B．Training professional rescuers only. C．Advocating sustainable tourism. D．Resolving the environmental crisis. 3. Why does the author mention the 2024 whale rescue? A．To report a rare ocean event. B．To celebrate the combined efforts. C．To introduce a new rescue method. D．To show rising public eco-awareness. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The mission of the Blue Ribbon B．From Sea Lover to Ocean Guardian C．Tourism Development in Sanya D．A Volunteer Organization's Growth 二、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thanks to continuous efforts in ecological conservation made by China, the environment in the South China Sea has improved     1     (steady), which offers valuable experience for global ocean governance. China is committed     2     integrated ocean protection and systematic restoration. By 2025, the government had set about 27,000 square kilometers of ocean conservation red lines in this region,     3     (safeguard) vital biodiversity and habitats. So far, over 170 ocean protected areas of various levels     4     (establish) in the area. In its major waters, live coral     5     (cover) climbed from 5.1 percent to 19.7 percent within five years. Artificial reef frameworks filled with coral seedlings continue to expand across shallow coastal zones,     6     creates new shelters for shellfish. Strict seasonal fishing     7     (ban) further reduce human interference in ocean habitats.     8     (abandon) fishing nets and plastic waste are regularly collected by coastal monitoring teams. Coastal cities also combine ecological restoration with sustainable ocean tourism. Low-impact sightseeing routes replace destructive offshore activities, balancing between environmental protection     9     local economic growth. The gradual recovery of the South China Sea’s ocean ecosystem stands as     10     clear example of harmonious coexistence between human society and the ocean. $热点时文18 海洋塑料·河上拦截 【时文·速递】 Cleaning the Oceans by Stopping Plastic in Rivers 通过拦截河流塑料，净化海洋 Faced with widespread climate anxiety, a Dutch non-profit organization is developing river-based technology that is expected to greatly reduce ocean plastic pollution in the coming decades. 面对普遍蔓延的气候焦虑，荷兰一家非营利组织正在研发适用于河流的技术，有望在未来数十年大幅减少海洋塑料污染。 Dutch inventor Boyan Slat believes the global ocean plastic crisis can be dramatically eased within 15 years at a cost of less than $1 billion. He founded The Ocean Cleanup, a non-profit group whose technology is designed to trap waste before it flows into oceans. 荷兰发明家博扬·斯拉特认为，投入不到10亿美元，就能在15年内极大缓解全球海洋塑料危机。他创立了非营利组织“海洋清理计划”，该机构研发的技术旨在在垃圾流入海洋前将其拦截。 Most ocean plastic comes from rivers. Floating barriers catch rubbish as it moves downstream. Meanwhile, autonomous “interceptor” boats equipped with conveyor belts collect plastic waste for recycling or safe disposal. These systems have already been deployed in rivers across Indonesia, India, Colombia, the Philippines and the Caribbean. According to Slat, targeting just 30 key cities could prevent nearly one-third of plastic from entering oceans. 绝大多数海洋塑料源自河流。漂浮屏障能够拦截顺流而下的垃圾。与此同时，配备传送带的全自动“拦截器”船只收集塑料垃圾，以便回收利用或进行无害化处理。这套系统已经部署在印度尼西亚、印度、哥伦比亚、菲律宾以及加勒比地区的多条河流。斯拉特表示，只要重点治理30座核心城市，就能阻止近三分之一的塑料流入海洋。 Slat points out that the Motagua River in Guatemala alone sends more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined — accounting for about 2% of global plastic waste flowing into oceans. His team plans to clean up these heavily polluted river hotspots by 2030, a project estimated to cost $350 million. Their long-term goal is to block 90% of floating plastic from reaching seas by 2040. In addition, the team will continue to clear existing waste piles such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 斯拉特指出，危地马拉的莫塔瓜河单独排入海洋的塑料总量，超过经合组织全部38个成员国排放量之和，约占全球入海塑料垃圾总量的2%。他的团队计划在2030年前清理这些污染严重的河流重点区域，该项目预估耗资3.5亿美元。团队的长期目标是，到2040年阻挡90%的漂浮塑料进入海洋。除此之外，团队还将持续清理现存垃圾聚集区，例如太平洋垃圾带。 Now 31, Slat dropped out of his aerospace engineering studies more than ten years ago to devote himself to this project. So far, his organization has removed nearly 50 million kilograms of plastic from rivers and oceans worldwide. 斯拉特现年31岁，十多年前，他放弃航空航天工程专业的学业，全身心投入这项事业。迄今为止，他创办的机构已经在全球各地的河流与海洋中清理了近5000万公斤塑料。 “The world needs a success story. Many young people feel pessimistic about environmental problems. If we can prove that ocean plastic pollution can be solved, actions will inspire more actions,” Slat said. 斯拉特说：“世界需要一个成功范例。许多年轻人对环境问题感到悲观。如果我们能够证明海洋塑料污染问题有望得到解决，当下的行动就能催生更多行动。” 【词库·筑基】——课标词汇提取 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/n. 焦虑 2. non-profit /ˌnɒn ˈprɒfɪt/adj. 非营利的 3. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/n. 技术 8. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染 9. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/n. 危机 10. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/n. 屏障；障碍物 4. conveyor /kənˈveɪə(r)/n. 传送带 5. disposal /dɪˈspəʊzl/n. 处理；处置 6. target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/v./n. 以…… 为目标；目标 7. hotspot /ˈhɒtspɒt/n. 热点地区 11. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/v./ˈestɪmət/n. 估计 12. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；激发 13. pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/adj. 悲观的 14. remove /rɪˈmuːv/v. 清除；移除 【词库·拓维】 01 climate anxiety 气候焦虑（指因气候变化而产生的长期恐惧和无力感） Faced with widespread climate anxiety, a Dutch non-profit organization is developing river-based technology. 面对普遍蔓延的气候焦虑，荷兰一家非营利组织正在研发适用于河流的技术。 02 autonomous interceptor 自动拦截器（指无需人工操作即可自动执行拦截任务的设备） Meanwhile, autonomous “interceptor” boats equipped with conveyor belts collect plastic waste. 与此同时，配备传送带的全自动“拦截器”船只收集塑料垃圾。 03 conveyor belt 传送带（用于自动运输物品的带状装置） Boats equipped with conveyor belts collect plastic waste for recycling. 配备传送带的船只收集塑料垃圾以便回收利用。 04 garbage patch 垃圾带（指海洋中大量垃圾聚集形成的区域） The team will continue to clear existing waste piles such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 团队还将持续清理现存垃圾聚集区，例如太平洋垃圾带。 05 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 经济合作与发展组织（简称“经合组织”） ...more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined. ……排入海洋的塑料总量，超过经合组织全部38个成员国排放量之和。 【长句·解码】 原句：Slat points out that the Motagua River in Guatemala alone sends more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined — accounting for about 2% of global plastic waste flowing into oceans. 语法解析： 1. 主句结构：Slat points out that...（斯拉特指出……），that 引导宾语从句。 2. 比较结构：在宾语从句中，核心结构是 more... than...（比……更多）。 3. 比较对象A：the Motagua River in Guatemala alone（仅危地马拉的莫塔瓜河）。 4. 比较对象B：all 38 OECD member countries combined（所有38个经合组织成员国的总和）。 5. 分词作状语：破折号后面的 accounting for... 是现在分词短语作结果状语或补充说明，解释莫塔瓜河排放量的占比情况。 6. 嵌套修饰：in flowing into oceans 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 plastic waste（流入海洋的塑料垃圾）。 翻译技巧： 英文原句通过破折号引出了补充数据，中文翻译时为了保持流畅，可以将破折号后的内容转化为独立的句子，或者用“这一数量约占……”来衔接，使逻辑更清晰。 “斯拉特指出，仅危地马拉的莫塔瓜河排入海洋的塑料总量，就超过了经合组织全部38个成员国排放量的总和——这一数量约占全球入海塑料垃圾总量的2%。” 仿写练习： 专家强调，仅这一个城市产生的电子垃圾就比周边五个省份的总和还要多——约占该地区电子废弃物总量的15%。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Experts emphasize that e-waste generated by this single city exceeds the total of the surrounding five provinces — accounting for about 15% of the region's total e-waste. 一、阅读理解 根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. What is the main purpose of The Ocean Cleanup‘s technology? A. To recycle plastic waste from city streets. B. To prevent plastic from reaching the ocean via rivers. C. To build floating barriers across all major oceans. D. To replace traditional waste disposal methods. 2. How does the author support the claim that river pollution is a serious issue? A. By describing the design of the interceptor boats. B. By citing Slat’s drop out of aerospace engineering. C. By comparing the Motagua River with 38 OECD countries. D. By listing the total cost of the clean-up project. 3. What does the underlined word “interceptor” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. A device that prevents something from reaching its destination. B. A boat that transports waste to recycling factories. C. A barrier that blocks fish from moving upstream. D. A system that monitors water quality. 4. What can be inferred about Boyan Slat from the last paragraph? A. He believes success in one area can encourage further environmental action. B. He regrets dropping out of university to start the project. C. He thinks ocean pollution is too big a problem to solve. D. He is mainly motivated by personal profit and fame. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 【导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了荷兰非营利组织The Ocean Cleanup及其创始人Boyan Slat开发的河流塑料拦截技术，该技术通过在河流中设置浮障和自动拦截船，阻止塑料垃圾流入海洋，从而解决海洋塑料污染问题。 【小题1】B 细节理解题。根据第二段“whose technology is designed to trap waste before it flows into oceans”和第三段“Most ocean plastic comes from rivers. Floating barriers catch rubbish as it moves downstream.”可知，该技术的核心目的是在塑料通过河流进入海洋之前将其拦截。A项“回收城市街道塑料垃圾”文中未提及；C项“在所有主要海洋建设浮障”与原文“rivers”不符；D项“取代传统垃圾处理方法”无依据。故选B。 【小题2】C 细节理解题（论证方法）。根据第四段“Slat points out that the Motagua River in Guatemala alone sends more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined.”可知，作者通过比较莫塔瓜河与38个OECD国家（的塑料排放量），来支持河流污染严重的论点。A项“描述拦截船设计”是说明技术原理；B项“引用Slat退学”是背景信息；D项“列出清洁项目成本”是项目计划内容，均非支持论据。故选C。 【小题3】A 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Most ocean plastic comes from rivers. Floating barriers catch rubbish as it moves downstream. Meanwhile, autonomous ‘interceptor‘ boats...collect plastic waste”可知，这些船的作用是“拦截”顺流而下的塑料垃圾，防止其到达海洋。interceptor意为“拦截器/拦截装置”，A项“阻止某物到达目的地的装置”最符合语境。B项“将废物运往回收厂的船”与“equipped with conveyor belts collect plastic waste”功能描述不符；C项“阻挡鱼类溯游的屏障”与塑料污染主题无关；D项“监测水质的系统”文中未提及。故选A。 【小题4】A 推理判断题。根据最后一段Slat的原话“If we can prove that ocean plastic pollution can be solved, actions will inspire more actions.”可知，他认为成功的案例能够激励更多的环保行动。B项“后悔退学”文中无此情感；C项“认为问题太大无法解决”与Slat坚信“危机可大幅缓解”相反；D项“主要受个人利益和名誉驱动”与“non-profit”（非营利）及引用话语中的使命感矛盾。故选A。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Faced 1. ________ widespread climate anxiety, a Dutch non-profit organization is developing river-based technology 2. ________ (expect) to greatly cut ocean plastic pollution. Dutch inventor Boyan Slat believes the global ocean plastic crisis can 3. ________ (ease) dramatically within 15 years at a cost of less than $1 billion. He founded The Ocean Cleanup, 4. ________ technology is designed to trap waste before it flows into oceans. Most ocean plastic comes from rivers. Floating barriers catch rubbish 5. ________ it moves downstream. Meanwhile, autonomous “interceptor” boats 6. ________ (equip) with conveyor belts collect plastic waste for recycling or safe disposal. Up to now, such systems 7. ________ (put) into use in rivers across Indonesia, India, Colombia, the Philippines and the Caribbean. Slat points out 8. ________ the Motagua River in Guatemala alone sends more plastic to the sea than all 38 OECD member countries combined. His team plans to clean up these heavily polluted river hotspots by 2030, a project 9. ________ (estimate) to cost $350 million. So far, the organization 10. ________ (remove) nearly 50 million kilograms of plastic from rivers and oceans worldwide. “If we can prove that ocean plastic pollution can be solved, actions will inspire more actions,” Slat said. 【答案】1.with 2.expected 3.be eased 4.whose 5.as/when 6.equipped 7.have been put 8.that 9.estimated 10.has removed 【详解】 1. with 考查介词（固定搭配）。faced with为高考高频固定搭配，意为“面对”，后接名词作宾语。无提示词，纯空格填空。 2. expected 考查非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。名词“technology”与“expect”之间为逻辑上的被动关系（技术被期待能够……），且动作已完成，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。有提示词，考查非谓语动词。 3. be eased 考查谓语动词（被动语态+情态动词）。主语“crisis”与“ease”之间为被动关系（危机被缓解），且位于情态动词can之后，故用be eased。有提示词，考查谓语动词语态。 4. whose 考查定语从句引导词。引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“The Ocean Cleanup”，关系词在从句中作“technology”的定语（whose technology = the organization‘s technology），故用whose。无提示词，纯空格填空，考查从句引导词。 5. as/when 考查连词（时间状语从句）。表示“垃圾顺流而下时被拦截”，用as或when引导时间状语从句。无提示词，纯空格填空，考查从句引导词。 6. equipped 考查非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。名词“boats”与“equip”之间为被动关系（船只被配备传送带），故用过去分词作后置定语。有提示词，考查非谓语动词。 7. have been put 考查谓语动词（现在完成时被动语态）。主语“systems”与“put into use”之间为被动关系（系统被投入使用）；句首“Up to now”（迄今为止）为现在完成时标志词，故用have been put。有提示词，考查谓语动词语态及时态。 8. that 考查宾语从句引导词。动词“points out”后接宾语从句，从句结构完整（“Motagua River...sends...”），不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。无提示词，纯空格填空，考查从句引导词。 9. estimated 考查非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。名词“project”与“estimate”之间为被动关系（项目被估计耗资……），故用过去分词作后置定语。有提示词，考查非谓语动词。 10. has removed 考查谓语动词（现在完成时）。句首“So far”（迄今为止）为现在完成时标志词，表示“已经清除了”，故用has removed。有提示词，考查谓语动词语态及时态。 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英语社团正在举办”环保创新青年说“主题活动，请根据以下信息，写一篇英文发言稿，介绍荷兰青年Boyan Slat及其海洋清洁项目，并谈谈其对青年人的启示。 内容要点： 1. 项目背景：海洋塑料污染严重，大部分塑料来自河流； 2. 核心措施：在河流设置浮动屏障，使用“拦截者”无人船收集塑料垃圾； 3. 项目成效与目标：已在全球多地部署，计划2030年清理重点污染河流，2040年阻止90%漂浮塑料入海； 4. 个人感悟：Slat的事迹对青年人的激励意义。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：ocean plastic pollution 海洋塑料污染；river interception 河流拦截 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Dear fellow students, Today I'd like to share an inspiring story about ocean protection. Faced with severe ocean plastic pollution, Dutch young inventor Boyan Slat founded The Ocean Cleanup. Recognizing that most plastic enters oceans via rivers, his team developed innovative solutions: floating barriers trap rubbish moving downstream, while autonomous "interceptor" boats collect waste for recycling. Deployed across Indonesia, India and beyond, these systems have removed nearly 50 million kilograms of plastic. Slat aims to clean heavily polluted rivers by 2030 and block 90% of floating plastic by 2040. What inspires me most? At 21, Slat quit university to pursue his dream. His story tells us: youth should not just feel climate anxiety, but take creative action. As he said, "Actions will inspire more actions." Thank you for listening! 1、 阅读理解 passage 1 From beaches across Mexico, groups of women in diving gear who call themselves “sirens”, or mermaids, are taking on the ocean’s ghosts. Starting their days at 6 a.m., they search for and remove one of the most dangerous types of ocean pollution: “ghost gear”, or abandoned fishing equipment. The women work with a Conservation International-Mexico program that trains and certifies divers to tackle this growing problem. Over about five years, Conservation International has trained roughly 100 divers around the world to safely get back ghost gear along coasts. Beyond removing the gear from ecosystems, the program aims to show people in coastal communities the problem of abandoned fishing equipment first-hand. “The cleanup isn’t always straightforward if a fishing net has been there long enough to become part of the ecosystem,” says Jimenez, a marine biologist and senior research coordinator. “Some are quite old,” he says. “Nets that are a few decades old have been incorporated into algae (藻类), coral, other organisms — and if you’re going to remove them, then you’re destroying a habitat.” But other sections of the same net might be dangerous and could be harming animals by ghost fishing. To address this issue, Jimenez developed a modified version of a known measurement to evaluate whether a particular piece of fishing gear should be removed. This new scale, which takes into account regional considerations in the Mediterranean, as well as whether and how organisms are using the debris (残骸) as a home, was described in August in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. He hopes it can help local governments and other organizations decide which fishing gear to remove, without accidentally harming the ecosystem even more. Many fishing nets in Jimenez’s area now have identification tags, so they can be linked to individuals or commercial fisheries when divers recover lost nets. And while accidents happen, if one person is consistently losing gear, or losing it in protected areas, having that gear labeled can flag up the problem. “As soon as your gear is identifiable, then you feel a different level of responsibility,” says Jimenez. “Your attitude will change a bit.” 1. What is the main objective of the “sirens”? A．To punish irresponsible fishing in the sea. B．To get rid of abandoned fishing equipment. C．To raise awareness of endangered ocean creatures. D．To prevent the coastal communities from being harmed. 2. Why might removing old nets be problematic? A．They can have a long life. B．They have destroyed a habitat. C．There are too many kinds of animals. D．They have become a naturalized component. 3. What is new about Jimenez’s scale? A．It avoids accidentally harming the ecosystem. B．It considers regional factors and habitat use. C．It evaluates different parts of the fishing gear. D．It tells diverse regions and organisms from each other. 4. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Labeling gear is a once-and-for-all solution. B．Responsibility helps change one’s attitude to life. C．Addressing ghost gear is a matter of great urgency. D．Identification tags increase fishermen’s responsibility. 【答案】1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 【导语】 本文主要讲的是墨西哥一群女性潜水员清理海洋废弃渔具（幽灵渔具），针对老旧渔网清理易破坏生态的难题，科研人员推出科学评估标准，并通过渔具溯源标签强化渔民责任，以此治理海洋污染。 【小题1】B推理判断题。根据第二段 “Starting their days at 6 a.m., they search for and remove one of the most dangerous types of ocean pollution: "ghost gear", or abandoned fishing equipment. (她们清晨六点便开始作业，搜寻并清理一类危害性极大的海洋污染物——“幽灵渔具”，也就是被遗弃的捕鱼设备。)” 可知，“塞壬小队” 的主要目标是清除废弃捕鱼设备。 【小题2】D 细节理解题。根据第四段 “The cleanup isn’t always straightforward if a fishing net has been there long enough to become part of the ecosystem," says Jimenez, a marine biologist and senior research coordinator. "Some are quite old," he says. "Nets that are a few decades old have been incorporated into algae (藻类), coral, other organisms — and if you’re going to remove them, then you’re destroying a habitat." (海洋生物学家、高级研究协调员希门尼斯表示：“如果渔网在海中留存太久，已然融入生态系统，清理工作往往就没那么简单。”“有些渔网年代久远。” 他说道，“留存数十年的渔网已经和藻类、珊瑚以及其他生物交织共生。倘若强行清理，反而会破坏生物栖息地。”) ” 可知，清理老旧渔网可能存在问题是因为它们已经成为自然生态的组成部分。 【小题3】B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “This new scale, which takes into account regional considerations in the Mediterranean, as well as whether and how organisms are using the debris (残骸) as a home, was described in August in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. (这套全新评估分级体系兼顾地中海区域环境特点，同时考量海洋生物是否以及如何将这些残骸当作栖息地。)” 可知，希门尼斯制定的评估新标准的创新之处是它兼顾地域因素以及生物栖息地利用情况。 【小题4】D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段 “Many fishing nets in Jimenez’s area now have identification tags, so they can be linked to individuals or commercial fisheries when divers recover lost nets. And while accidents happen, if one person is consistently losing gear, or losing it in protected areas, having that gear labeled can flag up the problem. "As soon as your gear is identifiable, then you feel a different level of responsibility," says Jimenez. "Your attitude will change a bit." (如今，希门尼斯调研区域内的不少渔网都加装了识别标签。潜水员打捞到遗失渔网后，便可追溯到个人渔民或是商业渔场。意外遗失渔具在所难免，但如果某人频繁遗失渔具，或是在保护区内丢弃渔具，带有标识的渔具就能暴露出这类问题。希门尼斯说：“一旦渔具能够溯源，使用者的责任意识就会截然不同，行事态度也会有所转变。”) ” 可知，最后一段主要讲的是识别标签能够提升渔民的责任意识。 passage 2 (湖南衡阳市2026届下学期高三高考模拟试题（一）英语试题) For Pu Bingmei, what began as love for the sea has transformed into a lifelong mission: preserving ocean cleanliness, rescuing stranded (搁浅的) whales, and awakening public responsibility. Growing up in arid Northwest China, the 39-year-old always harbored a longing for the sea. Arriving in Sanya for college in 2007, she recalls crystal-clear water with fish gliding beneath. However, frequent seaside visits exposed a grim reality: certain bays emitted smelly odors, with piled garbage and dark sand. Resolved to remedy the situation, she initiated weekly volunteer cleanups — a commitment that became her full-time devotion to the Blue Ribbon Ocean Conservation Association. The association, initially fewer than 10 members, operated on a simple belief: the more litter removed from beaches, the less would reach the ocean. Through systematic monitoring, they identified insufficient trash bins and infrequent collection, offering advice to local authorities. Recognizing the unsustainability of fishing, Pu drew on her tourism management background to chart a new course. She persuaded villagers to abandon fine-mesh nets and cut fishing fleet, introducing wellness tourism. This drove an economic shift, creating over 200 home-stays and local jobs, curbing out-migration. For Pu, marine conservation extends beach cleaning to saving marine mammals. Rescuing stranded whales is daunting: their bodies are built for water, and land pressure harms them. Improper handling causes secondary injuries. The team taught fishermen proper practices — never pushing stranded animals back — and trained firefighters and divers with rescue kits. What strikes her most, however, is the surge in public ecological awareness. Whereas people once joined for small gifts;they now participate out of genuine initiative. In 2024, she led China’s first successful rescue of a short-finned pilot whale, with over 100 volunteers holding it upright around the clock to prevent drowning. “The oceans are connected, ” Pu says. “From picking up trash to inspiring action, concrete deeds and global cooperation truly make a difference. ” 1. What motivated Pu to start weekly cleanups? A．Her lifelong love for the ocean. B．The awful coastal conditions. C．The option to join an association. D．Her college education in Sanya. 2. What efforts has Pu made to save the ocean? A．Rescuing endangered wildlife. B．Training professional rescuers only. C．Advocating sustainable tourism. D．Resolving the environmental crisis. 3. Why does the author mention the 2024 whale rescue? A．To report a rare ocean event. B．To celebrate the combined efforts. C．To introduce a new rescue method. D．To show rising public eco-awareness. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The mission of the Blue Ribbon B．From Sea Lover to Ocean Guardian C．Tourism Development in Sanya D．A Volunteer Organization's Growth 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 【导语】 文章讲述了蒲冰梅从对大海的热爱出发，投身海洋保护事业，组织海滩清洁、推动可持续旅游、参与鲸类救援，并见证公众生态意识觉醒的故事。 【详解】 【小题1】B细节理解题。根据第二段中 “However, frequent seaside visits exposed a grim reality: certain bays emitted smelly odors, with piled garbage and dark sand. Resolved to remedy the situation, she initiated weekly volunteer cleanups(然而，频繁的海边之旅暴露了一个严峻的现实：某些海湾散发着臭味，垃圾成堆，沙子发黑。她决心改变这一状况，发起了每周一次的志愿者清洁活动)” 可知，是恶劣的海岸状况促使她开始每周清洁。 【小题2】C 细节理解题。根据第四段中 “She persuaded villagers to abandon fine-mesh nets and cut fishing fleet, introducing wellness tourism. This drove an economic shift, creating over 200 home-stays and local jobs (她说服村民放弃细网渔网并减少渔船数量，引入了康养旅游。这推动了经济转型，创造了200多家民宿和当地就业岗位)” 可知，她倡导可持续旅游。 【小题3】D 推理判断题。根据第六段中 “What strikes her most, however, is the surge in public ecological awareness. Whereas people once joined for small gifts; they now participate out of genuine initiative. In 2024, she led China’s first successful rescue of a short-finned pilot whale (然而，最让她触动的是公众生态意识的觉醒。过去人们为小礼品而来，现在则是出于真正的主动。2024年，她领导了中国首次成功救助短鳍领航鲸的行动)” 可知，作者提及2024年的鲸鱼救援是为了展示公众生态意识的提升。 【小题4】B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 “For Pu Bingmei, what began as love for the sea has transformed into a lifelong mission: preserving ocean cleanliness, rescuing stranded whales, and awakening public responsibility.(对于蒲冰梅来说，最初对大海的热爱已经转变为终生的使命：保持海洋清洁、救助搁浅的鲸鱼以及唤醒公众的责任感)” 并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了蒲冰梅从热爱大海到成为海洋守护者的转变过程。B项 “From Sea Lover to Ocean Guardian(从海洋爱好者到海洋守护者)” 准确概括了文章主旨，适合作为标题。 二、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Thanks to continuous efforts in ecological conservation made by China, the environment in the South China Sea has improved     1     (steady), which offers valuable experience for global ocean governance. China is committed     2     integrated ocean protection and systematic restoration. By 2025, the government had set about 27,000 square kilometers of ocean conservation red lines in this region,     3     (safeguard) vital biodiversity and habitats. So far, over 170 ocean protected areas of various levels     4     (establish) in the area. In its major waters, live coral     5     (cover) climbed from 5.1 percent to 19.7 percent within five years. Artificial reef frameworks filled with coral seedlings continue to expand across shallow coastal zones,     6     creates new shelters for shellfish. Strict seasonal fishing     7     (ban) further reduce human interference in ocean habitats.     8     (abandon) fishing nets and plastic waste are regularly collected by coastal monitoring teams. Coastal cities also combine ecological restoration with sustainable ocean tourism. Low-impact sightseeing routes replace destructive offshore activities, balancing between environmental protection     9     local economic growth. The gradual recovery of the South China Sea’s ocean ecosystem stands as     10     clear example of harmonious coexistence between human society and the ocean. 【答案】 1. steadily 2.to 3.safeguarding 4.have been established 5.coverage 6.which 7.bans 8.Abandoned 9.and 10.a 【详解】 【导语】 本文主要介绍了中国通过持续的生态保护努力，使得南海环境稳步改善，为全球海洋治理提供了宝贵经验，具体阐述了中国在南海开展的各项海洋保护举措及取得的成效，展现了人类社会与海洋和谐共存的发展范例。 【详解】 【小题1】考查副词。句意：得益于中国在生态保护方面的持续努力，南海的环境已经稳步改善，这为全球海洋治理提供了宝贵经验。设空处修饰谓语动词improve，需用副词形式。形容词steady的副词形式是steadily。 【小题2】考查介词。句意：中国致力于海洋综合保护和系统修复。固定搭配be committed to，意为“致力于”，其中to是介词。 【小题3】考查非谓语动词。句意：到2025年，政府已在该区域划定约2.7万平方公里的海洋保护红线，保障重要的生物多样性和栖息地。主句为the government had set about 27,000 square kilometers of ocean conservation red lines in this region，设空处为非谓语作伴随状语，与主句主语the government构成主动关系，需用现在分词形式。 【小题4】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，该区域已建立170多个不同层级的海洋保护区。主语over 170 ocean protected areas of various levels与动词establish构成被动关系，时间状语So far是现在完成时的标志，主语为复数，现在完成时的被动语态结构为have been done。 【小题5】考查名词。句意：在其主要水域内，活珊瑚覆盖率在五年内从5.1%攀升至19.7%。设空处在句中作主语，需用名词形式，动词cover的名词coverage意为“覆盖范围、覆盖率”。 【小题6】考查定语从句。句意：布满珊瑚幼苗的人工礁框架在沿海浅水区不断扩展，这为贝类创造了新的庇护所。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。 【小题7】考查名词。句意：严格的季节性休渔进一步减少了人类对海洋栖息地的干扰。设空处在句中作主语，谓语reduce为原形，说明主语是复数名词，ban此处为名词“禁令”，复数形式为bans。 【小题8】考查过去分词。句意：被遗弃的渔网和塑料垃圾会由海岸监测队定期收集。设空处修饰名词fishing nets，fishing nets与abandon构成逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词作定语，abandon的过去分词是abandoned，句首首字母大写。 【小题9】考查连词。句意：低影响的观光路线取代了破坏性的近海活动，平衡了环境保护和当地经济发展。本句用到固定搭配between...and...，意为“在……和……之间”，连接两个并列的名词短语。 【小题10】考查冠词。句意：南海海洋生态系统的逐步恢复是人类社会与海洋和谐共存的一个鲜明范例。此处泛指“一个鲜明的范例”，clear以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 $