Unit 5 Period 2 Learning About Language（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 高中英语Unit 5 First Aid新授课同步练，通过A/B/C组及拓展分层设计，构建从词汇基础到语篇应用再到高考衔接的知识巩固路径，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|基础词汇转换、词块含义|通过radiation→radiate等词汇变形及the sense of touch等词块翻译，夯实语言能力基础| |B组能力进阶|词汇应用、语法专练|单词拼写（如“惊慌”动词形式）与非谓语动词填空，提升语言知识应用能力| |C组思维拔高|语篇理解与分析|急救情境阅读（如Vada救父案例），通过细节推断与人物描写培养思维品质| |拓展链接高考|高考真题综合应用|微塑料污染阅读理解，对接高考题型强化学习能力与应试素养|

分层作业 Unit 5 First Aid Period 2 Learning About Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一．词汇转换 1．radiation n．辐射；放射线→ v．(使品质或情感)显出，流露；(使热、光、能量)辐射，放射 2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→ n．少数；少数民族→ adj.主要的；重要的 3．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→ vi.(过去式 ， 过去分词 )膨胀；肿胀 4．nerve n．神经→ adj.焦虑的；神经质的；神经系统的 5．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ adv.宽松地；松散地；不精确地 6．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ n．紧迫；急迫 7．ease v．减轻；缓解；使容易些；使顺利些 n．容易；舒适；自在→ adj.容易的；舒适的→ adv.容易地；轻易地 二．写出下列词块的含义 1.the sense of touch 2.first and most important 3.a variety of things 4.the depth of skin damage 5.mild sunburn and burns 6.household incidents 7.electric shocks 8.internal injuries 9.extremely painful 10.the tissue underneath 11.cause infection 12.at once 一．单词拼写 1.The children 　　　　(惊慌) when they heard the terrible noise.  2.Tom was satisfied with his job as a computer 　　　　(操作员).  3.Fortunately, the injured boy was taken to a nearby hospital in an a　　　　.  4.There was frost on the ground so he 　　　　(滑倒) on the road. Fortunately, he was unhurt.  5.Though she is an 　　　　(年纪较大的) woman, she is very energetic and keeps exercising every morning.  二．单元语法专练 A 1.What worries me most is her 　　　　　(stay) too late every night.  2.When he was a child, he used to go there and watch bicycles 　　　　　(repair).  3.The language is very 　　　　　(fascinate), and all of us have fallen in love with it.  4.Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an 　　　　　(excite) experience.  5.The key to 　　　　　(keep) the peace is regular and honest communication.  6.　　　　　(cheat) three times, the old man fell into the same trap a fourth time.   7.As a proverb goes, “It's no use 　　　　　(cry) over spilt milk.”  8.A group of people sitting alongside the mall stopped 　　　　　(talk) and stared at us.  9.More highways have been built in China, 　　　　　(make) it easier for people to travel everywhere.  10.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 　　　　　(record) everything I discovered.  11.Not 　　　　　(want) to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs.  12.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 　　　　　(think) it is food.  13.Shuttlecock(毽子) kicking is a popular traditional folk game, 　　　　　(date) from the Han Dynasty.  14.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 　　　　　(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.  15.　　　　　(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”  B 1.那些孩子跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着。 The children ran out of the room, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 merrily.(读后续写—动作描写)  2.为了赶走野生动物,我们让火整夜燃着。(have+宾语+宾补) In order to keep wild animals away, we 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all night long.  3.When I picked the telephone up, I smelled that something was burning in the kitchen.(句型转换) → 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 , I smelled that something was burning in the kitchen.  A （25-26高二下·福建南平·期中）Vada has always enjoyed taking care of others since she was very young. Once, while carrying her baby brother, she tripped and fell. Quick-thinking, she landed on her knee, injuring herself but protecting his head. “He was fine,” she said, “I didn’t want him to have a concussion (脑震荡).” It also makes sense why she learned CPR in Girl Scouts (女童子军). Vada’s parents, Clint and Amanda, are separated but remain close friends. One day, Vada went to visit Clint, who was gardening. When he went inside, his left arm and chest began hurting. “These are signs of a heart attack,” he told Vada. He knew because he’d looked them up. Then he went to take a shower. “Maybe that’ll help.” Even after his hot shower, Clint felt freezing cold. He lay on the sofa and Vada brought him the covers. Soon, he began sweating. Vada knew this sudden body temperature swing was a bad sign. Having left her phone at her mom’s, she put her dad’s in her pocket in case she needed to call for help. When Clint went to the bathroom, Vada followed and waited outside. Suddenly, she heard a heavy crash. Nervous, she rushed in and saw him struggling to breathe on the floor, she forced herself to remain calm and called 911. She told the 911 operator she knew CPR and started performing it on her father under guidance. Some time later, the medical team arrived and took over. Vada called Amanda, and she just couldn’t hold back her feelings anymore and cried out loud. When Amanda arrived, one of the rescuers said, “Vada has already done the life-saving part and we’re taking it from there to do everything we can to help him.” Finally, Clint woke up. Amanda shared the news on Facebook, and a Girl Scouts leader presented 11-year-old Vada with the Medal of Honor, one of the organization’s highest honors. 1．Why did Vada go to learn CPR in Girl Scouts? A．She wanted to help others. B．She hoped to get an honor there. C．She was into medical knowledge. D．She was sent there by her parents. 2．What did Vada do after finding Clint feeling unwell? A．She called her mom for help. B．She helped to keep him warm. C．She told him to take a shower. D．She took his body temperature. 3．Which of the following can best describe Vada? A．Skilled but careless. B．Creative and heroic. C．Organized but impatient. D．Caring and cool-headed. 4．What did the rescuer’s words show in paragraph 5? A．Vada did a great job with CPR. B．Clint would wake up soon. C．Clint required another follow-up visit. D．Vada needed to learn more about first aid. B （25-26高二下·山东·期中）It was a breezy afternoon in late September at Oakwood High School. The boys on the track team were cooling down after a long run, chatting and stretching. Sixteen-year-old Jason, who had just transferred to the school a few weeks prior, sat quietly on the bench, watching his teammate Leo rest. They weren’t close yet, as Jason was naturally shy. Suddenly, Leo started coughing violently. He dropped his water bottle and held his throat. His face began to turn pale, and then a scary shade of blue. He wasn’t making any sound. “He’s choking!” someone yelled. The team froze in panic. It was clear Leo didn’t have much time. Choking blocks the airway, preventing oxygen from reaching the lungs and brain. Without immediate intervention, it can lead to unconsciousness and even death within minutes. Jason’s heart pounded. He had attended a junior lifeguard camp over the summer where he learned the Heimlich maneuver (海姆立克急救法) — a first-aid procedure used to treat airway obstructions. He had never practiced it on a real person, but seeing Leo’s desperate eyes, Jason knew he had no choice. Rushing behind Leo, Jason wrapped his arms around his teammate’s waist, made a fist, and gave Leo a few quick, hard upward pushes on his stomach. It was physically demanding, but Jason pushed through his fear. On the fourth push, a large chunk of a protein bar flew out of Leo’s mouth. Leo collapsed onto the grass, taking deep, greedy breaths of air. “I thought I was a goner,” Leo recalled later. “Jason is my hero. He didn’t even hesitate.” Today, the two are best friends. The incident changed Jason, too. “I used to doubt myself a lot,” Jason says. “Now I know I can step up when it matters. I’m actually looking into medical schools for the future.” 1．What happened to Leo after the long run? A．He suffered a sudden heart failure. B．He choked on a piece of food. C．He hurt his throat accidentally. D．He drank too much cold water. 2．Why did Jason decide to perform first aid on Leo? A．The coach ordered him to do so. B．He wanted to make friends with Leo. C．He had an advanced certificate in medical care. D．He realized Leo was in a life-threatening situation. 3．Which of the following words can best describe Jason? A．Brave and decisive. B．Careful and patient. C．Professional and generous. D．Enthusiastic and humorous. 4．What impact did the incident have on Jason? A．He became the captain of the track team. B．He decided to work as a junior lifeguard. C．He realized the importance of physical training. D．He gained confidence and found a career goal. C （25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） First Aid for Choking (窒息): The Heimlich Maneuver Choking occurs when food or an object blocks the airway. A choking person cannot speak, cough effectively, or breathe, and may grab their throat. Without immediate help, choking can lead to serious harm or death. 1 If you see someone choking, stay calm and call emergency services right away. You should also call for emergency help while checking the person. Ask others nearby to help call for professionals while you check the situation. A choking person often cannot cough strongly, may turn blue, or show signs of struggling. The situations are too dangerous. 2 If they can still cough hard or talk, encourage them to continue trying to clear the blockage. But if they cannot cough or breathe well, act fast. For a conscious adult or older child, the Heimlich maneuver is usually the best method. 3 Stand behind the person, wrap your arms around their waist, and make a fist with one hand. Place the thumb side just above the belly button and below the breastbone. Grasp your fist with the other hand and give quick upward and inward thrusts. Repeat until the object is expelled or breathing returns. Be gentle but firm during the process. 4 If the person becomes unconscious, lay them down carefully, call emergency services again if needed, and start CPR if trained. 5 Lay the baby face down on your forearm, support the head and neck, and give up to five firm back blows between the shoulder blades (肩胛骨). If necessary, turn the baby over and give up to five chest thrusts (冲击/按压) with two or three fingers. Keep switching until the object is cleared or help arrives. Learning these skills can save lives. Being prepared makes a huge difference in emergencies. A．The Heimlich Maneuver doesn’t always work. B．Therefore, learning first aid for choking is vital. C．For young teenagers, a different set of steps is required. D．This helps prevent damage to the ribs (肋骨) or breastbones. E．So it is important to act quickly and correctly in such situations. F．However, the above steps are not suitable for babies under one year old. G．This method uses quick upward and inward pressure to force the object out. （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 First Aid Period 2 Learning About Language 一．词汇转换 1.radiate 2.minority ，major 3.swell ，swelled，swollen 4.nervous 5.loosely 6.urgency 7.easy ，easily 二．写出下列词块的含义 1.触觉 2.首先也是最重要的 3.各种各样的东西 4.皮肤损伤的深度 5.轻微的晒伤和其他灼伤 6.家务事故7.触电；电击 8.内伤 9.极其疼痛 10.皮下组织 11.导致感染 12.立即 一．单词拼写 1.panicked　2.operator　3.ambulance　4.slipped5.elderly 二．单元语法专练 A 1.staying　2.being repaired　3.fascinating　4.exciting　5.keeping　6.Having been cheated　7.crying　 8.talking　9.making　10.recording　11.wanting12.thinking　13.dating　14.borrowing　15.Recalling　 B 1.laughing and talking　2.had the fire burning　3.Picking the telephone up A 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A B 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D C 1．B 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．F 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 First Aid Period 2 Learning About Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一．词汇转换 1．radiation n．辐射；放射线→ v．(使品质或情感)显出，流露；(使热、光、能量)辐射，放射 2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→ n．少数；少数民族→ adj.主要的；重要的 3．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→ vi.(过去式 ， 过去分词 )膨胀；肿胀 4．nerve n．神经→ adj.焦虑的；神经质的；神经系统的 5．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ adv.宽松地；松散地；不精确地 6．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ n．紧迫；急迫 7．ease v．减轻；缓解；使容易些；使顺利些 n．容易；舒适；自在→ adj.容易的；舒适的→ adv.容易地；轻易地 【答案】1.radiate 2.minority ，major 3.swell ，swelled，swollen 4.nervous 5.loosely 6.urgency 7.easy ，easily 二．写出下列词块的含义 1.the sense of touch 2.first and most important 3.a variety of things 4.the depth of skin damage 5.mild sunburn and burns 6.household incidents 7.electric shocks 8.internal injuries 9.extremely painful 10.the tissue underneath 11.cause infection 12.at once 【答案】1.触觉 2.首先也是最重要的 3.各种各样的东西 4.皮肤损伤的深度 5.轻微的晒伤和其他灼伤 6.家务事故7.触电；电击 8.内伤 9.极其疼痛 10.皮下组织 11.导致感染 12.立即 一．单词拼写 1.The children 　　　　(惊慌) when they heard the terrible noise.  2.Tom was satisfied with his job as a computer 　　　　(操作员).  3.Fortunately, the injured boy was taken to a nearby hospital in an a　　　　.  4.There was frost on the ground so he 　　　　(滑倒) on the road. Fortunately, he was unhurt.  5.Though she is an 　　　　(年纪较大的) woman, she is very energetic and keeps exercising every morning.  【答案】1.panicked　2.operator　3.ambulance　4.slipped5.elderly 二．单元语法专练 A 1.What worries me most is her 　　　　　(stay) too late every night.  2.When he was a child, he used to go there and watch bicycles 　　　　　(repair).  3.The language is very 　　　　　(fascinate), and all of us have fallen in love with it.  4.Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an 　　　　　(excite) experience.  5.The key to 　　　　　(keep) the peace is regular and honest communication.  6.　　　　　(cheat) three times, the old man fell into the same trap a fourth time.   7.As a proverb goes, “It's no use 　　　　　(cry) over spilt milk.”  8.A group of people sitting alongside the mall stopped 　　　　　(talk) and stared at us.  9.More highways have been built in China, 　　　　　(make) it easier for people to travel everywhere.  10.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 　　　　　(record) everything I discovered.  11.Not 　　　　　(want) to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs.  12.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 　　　　　(think) it is food.  13.Shuttlecock(毽子) kicking is a popular traditional folk game, 　　　　　(date) from the Han Dynasty.  14.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 　　　　　(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.  15.　　　　　(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”  1.【答案】staying　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式的复合结构作表语。分析句子可知,her 　　　　　 too late every night作表语,表示习惯性的动作,her是设空处的逻辑主语,应用动词-ing形式。故填staying。  2.【答案】being repaired　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。结合语境可知这里表示“观看某物正在被……”,应用watch sth. being done,动词-ing形式的被动形式作宾语补足语。故填being repaired。 3.【答案】fascinating　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作表语。由设空处前面的The language is可知设空处作表语,设空处表示“令人着迷的”,说明主语的特征,应用形容词化的动词-ing形式。故填fascinating。 4.【答案】exciting　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作定语。由设空处后面的名词experience可知设空处作定语,此处表示“令人兴奋的”,应用形容词化的动词-ing形式。故填exciting。 5.【答案】keeping　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语。分析句子可知,句中to为介词,后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语。故填keeping。 6.【答案】Having been cheated　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作状语。句中已有谓语动词,cheat与其逻辑主语the old man之间是被动关系,且该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,应用动词-ing形式的完成式的被动形式。故填Having been cheated。 7.【答案】crying　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作主语。“It's no use doing sth.”为固定句型,其中It为形式主语,动词-ing形式为真正的主语。故填crying。 8.【答案】talking　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语。分析句子可知,设空处作动词stopped的宾语,stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”,符合此处语境。故填talking。 9.【答案】making　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作状语。此处表示前面的内容直接造成的影响或结果,应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填making。 10.【答案】recording　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作宾语。spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”,动词-ing形式作宾语。故填recording。 11.【答案】wanting 　【解析】考查动词-ing形式作状语。句中已有谓语动词,且want与其逻辑主语Mrs. Richards之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作原因状语。故填wanting。 12.【答案】thinking　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作原因状语。句中已有谓语动词,且think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作原因状语。故填thinking。 13.【答案】dating　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作状语。分析句子可知, 句中已有系动词is,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;date from表示“追溯到”,作状语时通常用动词-ing形式。故填dating。 14.【答案】borrowing　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作状语。句意:“在美国的中心地带曾经有个城镇,在这个城镇里,所有的生命似乎都能与周围的环境和平共处。”她的寓言是这样开头的,从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的话语。本句已有谓语动词begins,且borrow与其逻辑主语her fable之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。故填borrowing。 15.【答案】Recalling　 【解析】考查动词-ing形式作状语。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚的戏剧《理查三世》的中国歌剧版本,并与前来斯特拉特福德演出《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员见面,埃德蒙森说:“听到中文,并且看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被演绎的,这非常令人兴奋。”句子主语为Edmondson,谓语为said,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;Edmondson与提示词recall之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。故填Recalling。 B 1.那些孩子跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着。 The children ran out of the room, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 merrily.(读后续写—动作描写)  2.为了赶走野生动物,我们让火整夜燃着。(have+宾语+宾补) In order to keep wild animals away, we 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all night long.  3.When I picked the telephone up, I smelled that something was burning in the kitchen.(句型转换) → 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 , I smelled that something was burning in the kitchen.  【答案】1.laughing and talking　2.had the fire burning　3.Picking the telephone up A （25-26高二下·福建南平·期中）Vada has always enjoyed taking care of others since she was very young. Once, while carrying her baby brother, she tripped and fell. Quick-thinking, she landed on her knee, injuring herself but protecting his head. “He was fine,” she said, “I didn’t want him to have a concussion (脑震荡).” It also makes sense why she learned CPR in Girl Scouts (女童子军). Vada’s parents, Clint and Amanda, are separated but remain close friends. One day, Vada went to visit Clint, who was gardening. When he went inside, his left arm and chest began hurting. “These are signs of a heart attack,” he told Vada. He knew because he’d looked them up. Then he went to take a shower. “Maybe that’ll help.” Even after his hot shower, Clint felt freezing cold. He lay on the sofa and Vada brought him the covers. Soon, he began sweating. Vada knew this sudden body temperature swing was a bad sign. Having left her phone at her mom’s, she put her dad’s in her pocket in case she needed to call for help. When Clint went to the bathroom, Vada followed and waited outside. Suddenly, she heard a heavy crash. Nervous, she rushed in and saw him struggling to breathe on the floor, she forced herself to remain calm and called 911. She told the 911 operator she knew CPR and started performing it on her father under guidance. Some time later, the medical team arrived and took over. Vada called Amanda, and she just couldn’t hold back her feelings anymore and cried out loud. When Amanda arrived, one of the rescuers said, “Vada has already done the life-saving part and we’re taking it from there to do everything we can to help him.” Finally, Clint woke up. Amanda shared the news on Facebook, and a Girl Scouts leader presented 11-year-old Vada with the Medal of Honor, one of the organization’s highest honors. 1．Why did Vada go to learn CPR in Girl Scouts? A．She wanted to help others. B．She hoped to get an honor there. C．She was into medical knowledge. D．She was sent there by her parents. 2．What did Vada do after finding Clint feeling unwell? A．She called her mom for help. B．She helped to keep him warm. C．She told him to take a shower. D．She took his body temperature. 3．Which of the following can best describe Vada? A．Skilled but careless. B．Creative and heroic. C．Organized but impatient. D．Caring and cool-headed. 4．What did the rescuer’s words show in paragraph 5? A．Vada did a great job with CPR. B．Clint would wake up soon. C．Clint required another follow-up visit. D．Vada needed to learn more about first aid. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文讲述十一岁女孩Vada从小乐于助人，还在女童子军学会心肺复苏。某天父亲Clint突发心脏病，Vada及时拨打急救电话，并在指导下为父亲实施心肺复苏，为抢救赢得宝贵时间。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据首段“Vada has always enjoyed taking care of others since she was very young…It also makes sense why she learned CPR in Girl Scouts.(Vada从小就喜欢照顾他人……这也解释了她为什么要在女童子军学习心肺复苏)”可知，她学习心肺复苏是出于想要帮助他人。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He lay on the sofa and Vada brought him the covers.(他躺在沙发上，Vada给他拿来被子保暖)”可知，发现父亲身体不适后，她帮忙为父亲保暖。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Vada has always enjoyed taking care of others since she was very young.(Vada自幼就一直乐于照顾他人。)”和第四段“Nervous, she rushed in and saw him struggling to breathe on the floor, she forced herself to remain calm and called 911.(她感到很紧张，急忙冲了进去，看到他在地板上艰难地呼吸着，她强迫自己保持冷静，并拨打了911。)”等内容可知，Vada从小照顾他人、危急时刻主动救助父亲，体现她心地善良乐于助人；事发时她保持冷静、沉着拨打急救电话并实施急救，体现她头脑冷静。D项caring and cool-headed符合人物形象。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段救援人员所说“Vada has already done the life-saving part and we’re taking it from there to do everything we can to help him.(救命的关键部分Vada已经完成，我们接手后续救治)”可知，这句话表明Vada的心肺复苏操作起到了关键作用，做得非常出色。 B （25-26高二下·山东·期中）It was a breezy afternoon in late September at Oakwood High School. The boys on the track team were cooling down after a long run, chatting and stretching. Sixteen-year-old Jason, who had just transferred to the school a few weeks prior, sat quietly on the bench, watching his teammate Leo rest. They weren’t close yet, as Jason was naturally shy. Suddenly, Leo started coughing violently. He dropped his water bottle and held his throat. His face began to turn pale, and then a scary shade of blue. He wasn’t making any sound. “He’s choking!” someone yelled. The team froze in panic. It was clear Leo didn’t have much time. Choking blocks the airway, preventing oxygen from reaching the lungs and brain. Without immediate intervention, it can lead to unconsciousness and even death within minutes. Jason’s heart pounded. He had attended a junior lifeguard camp over the summer where he learned the Heimlich maneuver (海姆立克急救法) — a first-aid procedure used to treat airway obstructions. He had never practiced it on a real person, but seeing Leo’s desperate eyes, Jason knew he had no choice. Rushing behind Leo, Jason wrapped his arms around his teammate’s waist, made a fist, and gave Leo a few quick, hard upward pushes on his stomach. It was physically demanding, but Jason pushed through his fear. On the fourth push, a large chunk of a protein bar flew out of Leo’s mouth. Leo collapsed onto the grass, taking deep, greedy breaths of air. “I thought I was a goner,” Leo recalled later. “Jason is my hero. He didn’t even hesitate.” Today, the two are best friends. The incident changed Jason, too. “I used to doubt myself a lot,” Jason says. “Now I know I can step up when it matters. I’m actually looking into medical schools for the future.” 1．What happened to Leo after the long run? A．He suffered a sudden heart failure. B．He choked on a piece of food. C．He hurt his throat accidentally. D．He drank too much cold water. 2．Why did Jason decide to perform first aid on Leo? A．The coach ordered him to do so. B．He wanted to make friends with Leo. C．He had an advanced certificate in medical care. D．He realized Leo was in a life-threatening situation. 3．Which of the following words can best describe Jason? A．Brave and decisive. B．Careful and patient. C．Professional and generous. D．Enthusiastic and humorous. 4．What impact did the incident have on Jason? A．He became the captain of the track team. B．He decided to work as a junior lifeguard. C．He realized the importance of physical training. D．He gained confidence and found a career goal. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了杰森在关键时刻用海姆立克急救法救助窒息的队友利奥，并因此获得自信和找到未来职业目标的故事。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He’s choking!(他噎住了！)”、第四段中“Choking blocks the airway, preventing oxygen from reaching the lungs and brain.(窒息会阻塞气道，阻止氧气到达肺部和大脑。)”以及第六段中“On the fourth push, a large chunk of a protein bar flew out of Leo’s mouth.(第四次推压时，一大块蛋白棒从利奥嘴里飞了出来。)”可知，利奥在长跑后被一块食物噎住了。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It was clear Leo didn’t have much time.(很明显，利奥的时间不多了。)”以及第五段中“He had never practiced it on a real person, but seeing Leo’s desperate eyes, Jason knew he had no choice.(他从未在真人身上练习过，但看到利奥绝望的眼神，杰森知道自己别无选择。)”可知，杰森决定对利奥实施急救是因为他意识到利奥处于危及生命的境地。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“He had never practiced it on a real person, but seeing Leo’s desperate eyes, Jason knew he had no choice.（(他从未在真人身上练习过，但看到利奥绝望的眼神，杰森知道自己别无选择。)”以及第六段中“Rushing behind Leo, Jason wrapped his arms around his teammate’s waist, made a fist, and gave Leo a few quick, hard upward pushes on his stomach.(杰森冲到利奥身后，双臂抱住队友的腰，握紧拳头，快速用力地向上推利奥的肚子几下。)”可知，杰森在看到利奥窒息时，没有犹豫，立即采取行动，这表明他勇敢且果断。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““I used to doubt myself a lot,” Jason says. “Now I know I can step up when it matters. I’m actually looking into medical schools for the future.”(“我过去常常怀疑自己，”杰森说。“现在我知道在关键时刻我可以站出来。实际上我正在考虑未来的医学院。”)”可知，这次事件让杰森获得了自信，并找到了未来的职业目标。 C （25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） First Aid for Choking (窒息): The Heimlich Maneuver Choking occurs when food or an object blocks the airway. A choking person cannot speak, cough effectively, or breathe, and may grab their throat. Without immediate help, choking can lead to serious harm or death. 1 If you see someone choking, stay calm and call emergency services right away. You should also call for emergency help while checking the person. Ask others nearby to help call for professionals while you check the situation. A choking person often cannot cough strongly, may turn blue, or show signs of struggling. The situations are too dangerous. 2 If they can still cough hard or talk, encourage them to continue trying to clear the blockage. But if they cannot cough or breathe well, act fast. For a conscious adult or older child, the Heimlich maneuver is usually the best method. 3 Stand behind the person, wrap your arms around their waist, and make a fist with one hand. Place the thumb side just above the belly button and below the breastbone. Grasp your fist with the other hand and give quick upward and inward thrusts. Repeat until the object is expelled or breathing returns. Be gentle but firm during the process. 4 If the person becomes unconscious, lay them down carefully, call emergency services again if needed, and start CPR if trained. 5 Lay the baby face down on your forearm, support the head and neck, and give up to five firm back blows between the shoulder blades (肩胛骨). If necessary, turn the baby over and give up to five chest thrusts (冲击/按压) with two or three fingers. Keep switching until the object is cleared or help arrives. Learning these skills can save lives. Being prepared makes a huge difference in emergencies. A．The Heimlich Maneuver doesn’t always work. B．Therefore, learning first aid for choking is vital. C．For young teenagers, a different set of steps is required. D．This helps prevent damage to the ribs (肋骨) or breastbones. E．So it is important to act quickly and correctly in such situations. F．However, the above steps are not suitable for babies under one year old. G．This method uses quick upward and inward pressure to force the object out. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．G 4．D 5．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了针对不同人群(成人、儿童、婴儿)发生气道异物梗阻时的急救方法——海姆立克急救法的具体操作步骤。 【详解】1．上文“Without immediate help, choking can lead to serious harm or death.(如果没有及时的帮助，窒息可能导致严重伤害或死亡)”指出了窒息的严重后果，B选项“Therefore, learning first aid for choking is vital.(因此，学习针对窒息的急救至关重要)”与上文构成因果关系，基于严重后果得出学习急救方法的必要性；后文从确认情况、拨打急救电话到具体操作，详细介绍了如何实施急救，与B选项中的“learning first aid”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。 2．上文“The situations are too dangerous.(情况太危险了)”强调了窒息情况的风险性，E选项“So it is important to act quickly and correctly in such situations.(因此，在这种情况下迅速而正确地采取行动非常重要)”与上文构成因果关系，指出面对危险情况必须快速正确行动的重要性和必要性；下文“If they can still cough hard or talk, encourage them to continue trying to clear the blockage. But if they cannot cough or breathe well, act fast.(如果他们还能用力咳嗽或说话，鼓励他们继续尝试清除堵塞物。但如果他们无法咳嗽或呼吸不畅，就要迅速采取行动)”具体说明了如何根据情况快速区分应对，与E选项中的“act quickly and correctly”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。 3．上文“For a conscious adult or older child, the Heimlich maneuver is usually the best method.(对于清醒的成年人或年龄较大的儿童，海姆立克急救法通常是最佳方法)”介绍了海姆立克急救法的适用人群，G选项“This method uses quick upward and inward pressure to force the object out.(这种方法使用快速向上向内的压力迫使异物排出)”承接上文，解释了海姆立克急救法的工作原理；下文“Stand behind the person...give quick upward and inward thrusts.(站在患者身后……快速向上向内冲击)”具体描述了操作步骤，与G选项中的“quick upward and inward pressure”直接呼应，上下文语意连贯。 4．上文“Be gentle but firm during the process.(操作过程中要轻柔但有力)”给出了操作时的力度要求，D选项“This helps prevent damage to the ribs (肋骨) or breastbones.(这有助于防止对肋骨或胸骨的损伤)”承接上文，解释了为什么需要“轻柔但有力”——为了避免造成二次伤害；上文要求中的“gentle”与D选项中的“prevent damage”形成逻辑关联。 5．下文“Lay the baby face down on your forearm, support the head and neck, and give up to five firm back blows between the shoulder blades (肩胛骨).(将婴儿面朝下放在你的前臂上，支撑好头部和颈部，在肩胛骨之间用力拍击最多五次)”介绍了针对婴儿的具体急救操作方法，F选项“However, the above steps are not suitable for babies under one year old.(然而，上述步骤并不适用于一岁以下的婴儿)”承接上文(成人及儿童的海姆立克急救法)，指出之前的操作方法不适用于婴儿，从而引出下文“Lay the baby face down on your forearm, support the head and neck...(把宝宝脸朝下放在你的前臂上，支撑头和脖子……)”针对婴儿的特殊处理步骤。 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $