Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 2 Learning About Language（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 高中英语Unit 1 Period 2同步练以A/B/C组+拓展分层，构建“词汇-语法-语篇-高考”进阶路径，适配新授课基础巩固与思维提升，培养语言能力与学习能力。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组|基础词汇（拓展/词性）、词块含义|词汇拓展题（如severe→severely）、词块翻译，夯实语言基础| |B组|语法规则（单句填空/单元专练）、课文应用|单句语法填空（如pure→purely）、课文语法填空，衔接课时语法目标| |C组|语篇理解（完形/阅读）、综合语法|完形填空（科学主题）、阅读理解（科技说明文），提升思维品质| |拓展|高考真题|高考语法填空/阅读题，对接高考测评要求|

分层作业 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 2 Learning About Language 一、词汇拓展 1.severely 2.frustration 3.infect ，infectious ，infected 4.subscription 5.multiply 6.intervene 7.purify ，purely 二．写出句中加黑词的词性和含义 1.v.晋升 2.出名 3.v.盘问；套问 4.adj.寒冷的 三．写出下列词块的含义 1.十九世纪初 2.数百万人 3.两种相矛盾的理论 4.霍乱爆发 5.多于；不仅仅；非常 6.在地图上标出 7.更重要的是；而且 8.由于……的结果 9.喝纯净水或白开水 10.大量减少 一．单句语法填空 1.purely　2.statistics　3.initially　4.for　5.finding　6.by　 二．单元语法专练 A 1.when　2.where　3.whether　4.what　5.how　6.why　7.that　8.because　 B 1.as if they were broken　2.is that you should study hard3.whether online learning is as effective as　4.That's why I always cherish/value every opportunity 三．补全句子 1.subscribe to the idea/view that 2.so that she could stay at home 3.The lesson was so boring that/So boring was the lesson that 4.It seems that 四．课文语法填空 1.causing　2.had　3.the　4.his　5.that　6.removed　8.between　9.companies　10.Fortunately　 一．完形填空 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．B 二．阅读理解 A 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B B 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C C 1．E 2．F 3．A 4．G 5．C 三．语法填空 1．in 2．a 3．surrounding 4．Surprised 5．treating 6．effective 7．who/that 8．has saved 9．truth 10．to notice 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 2 Learning About Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、词汇拓展 1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→ adv.严重地；严厉地；严格地 2.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ n．挫败；沮丧 3.infection n．感染；传染→ vt.使感染；传染→ adj.感染的；(疾病)传染性的；(病人)有传染性的→ adj.带菌的；感染病菌的 4.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→ n．订阅(费)；用户费 5.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→ v．乘；(使)大大增加；繁殖 6.intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→ vi.介入；干预 7.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ vt.使纯净；净化→ adv.完全地；仅仅 【答案】1.severely 2.frustration 3.infect ，infectious ，infected 4.subscription 5.multiply 6.intervene 7.purify ，purely 二．写出句中加黑词的词性和含义 1.He rose to the rank of major. 2.He had swiftly risen to fame during the 1950s. 3.I tried to pump him for information about their other contacts. 4.She shivered in the raw morning air. 【答案】1.v.晋升 2.出名 3.v.盘问；套问 4.adj.寒冷的 三．写出下列词块的含义 1.in the early 19th century　 2.millions of people 3.two contradictory theories 4.an outbreak of cholera 5.more than 6.mark on a map 7.what is more 8.as a result of 9.drink pure or boiled water 10.substantial decrease 【答案】1.十九世纪初 2.数百万人 3.两种相矛盾的理论 4.霍乱爆发 5.多于；不仅仅；非常 6.在地图上标出 7.更重要的是；而且 8.由于……的结果 9.喝纯净水或白开水 10.大量减少 一．单句语法填空 1.In this lecture, I can only give you a 　　　　　(pure) personal view on how we can make the best use of time.  2.According to 　　　　　(statistic), it's estimated that the number of students reading Chinese classics is on the rise.  3.Though some are 　　　　　(initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.  4.Some people blame the smart phone 　　　　　 their absence of mind. Yet in fact, people's weakening self-control should be responsible.  5.The 　　　　　(find) of the market survey reveals that product packaging has a great influence on consumers' purchasing decisions.  6.On August 26th Pinduoduo's share price decreased 　　　　　 nearly 30% after it reported sales for the quarter from April to June fell short of the market's high expectations.  1.【答案】purely　 【解析】考查副词。设空处修饰其后的形容词personal,应用副词。故填purely。 2.【答案】statistics　 【解析】考查名词复数。设空处作介词短语According to的宾语,应用名词;此处表示“统计资料”,常用复数形式。故填statistics。 3.【答案】initially　 【解析】考查副词。句意:虽然有些人最初害怕昆虫,对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数人都渴望尝试新事物。设空处作状语修饰系表结构,应用副词。故填initially。 4.【答案】for　 【解析】考查介词。blame sth. for sth.意为“把某事归咎于某物”,此处指有些人把心不在焉归咎于智能手机。故填for。 5.【答案】finding　 【解析】考查名词。句意:市场调查的结果显示,产品包装对消费者的购买决策有很大影响。根据空前的The和空后的of可知,设空处应用名词形式;由reveals可知,应用单数名词。故填finding。 6.【答案】by　 【解析】考查介词。句意:8月26日,在拼多多公布4月至6月的季度销售额未达到市场的高预期后,其股价下跌了近30%。根据语境可知,此处表示“下跌了近30%”,decrease by意为“下降了……”,符合语境。故填by。 二．单元语法专练 A 1.The best moment for the football star was 　　　　　 he scored the winning goal.   2.The old building, behind which was a famous university, was 　　　　　 I used to work.  3.The question, however, is 　　　　　 this is what the developing countries need the most.  4.This is 　　　　　 my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.   5.What some students are not aware of is 　　　　　 difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.  6.He doesn't like the food that the school serves. This is　　　　　 he often brings a packed lunch from home.   7.What impressed me most was 　　　　　 those disabled athletes tried their best to compete in the games.  8.The number of snakes had declined. He realized that it was 　　　　　 there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.   1.【答案】when　 【解析】分析句子可知,“ he scored the winning goal”是表语从句,根据语境可知设空处表示“当……的时候”,故应用when引导表语从句。  2.【答案】where　 【解析】分析句子可知,“ I used to work”是表语从句,根据语境可知设空处表示“在……的地方”,故应用where引导表语从句。  3.【答案】whether　 【解析】空前是系动词is,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“this is what the developing countries need the most”不缺成分,但根据“The question”可知,设空处表示“是否”,故应用whether引导表语从句。 4.【答案】what　 【解析】分析句子可知,“ my father has taught me”是表语从句,设空处在从句中作taught的直接宾语,表示“……的事物”,故应用what引导表语从句。  5.【答案】how　 【解析】分析句子可知,“ difficult life can be”是表语从句,根据语境和空后的形容词difficult可知,设空处修饰该词,表示“多么”,故应用how引导表语从句。  6.【答案】why　 【解析】分析句子可知,“ he often brings a packed lunch from home”是表语从句,根据语境可知设空处表示“……的原因”,故应用why引导表语从句。  7.【答案】that　 【解析】空前是系动词was,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“those disabled athletes tried their best to compete in the games”意思完整,不缺成分,故应用that引导表语从句。 8.【答案】because　 【解析】分析句子可知,“ there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat”是表语从句,根据语境可知设空处表示“因为”,故应用because引导表语从句。  B 1.如果把筷子的一部分放在水里,它们看起来就像断了一样。(as if;虚拟语气) If the chopsticks are partly placed in the water, it looks 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.   2.我的建议是,如果你想上理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。 My advice 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.  3.学生们之间的争论是在线学习是否和学校里的传统课堂学习一样有效。 The debate among students is 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 traditional classroom learning in school.   4.那就是为什么我总是珍惜每一个勇敢面对挑战的机会,就像那些残疾人运动员面对困难从不放弃一样。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to face challenges bravely, just like those disabled athletes who never give up in the face of difficulties.(读后续写—主旨升华)  【答案】1.as if they were broken　2.is that you should study hard3.whether online learning is as effective as　4.That's why I always cherish/value every opportunity 三．补全句子 1.Not many people money can bring happiness. 并不是很多人赞同金钱能带来幸福的观点。 2.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born and raise her family. 凯西在儿子出生时就辞掉了工作，以便能留在家里养家。 3. most of the students went to sleep. 这堂课如此无聊以至于大多数学生都睡着了。 4. they know what they’re doing.看来，他们知道自己在干什么。 【答案】1.subscribe to the idea/view that 2.so that she could stay at home 3.The lesson was so boring that/So boring was the lesson that 4.It seems that 四．课文语法填空 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, 1. (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time, doctors 2. (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.John Snow discovered that in two particular streets 3. cholera outbreak was so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Through 4. (he) serious investigation, he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 5. resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore, he had the handle of the pump 6. (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 7. (infect) by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link 8. other cases of cholera and the different water 9. (company) in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10. (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 【语篇解读】　本文介绍了约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。 1.【答案】causing　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词cause与an outbreak of cholera之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。 2.【答案】had　 【解析】考查时态。根据句中的At that time及前后句的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。 3.【答案】the　 【解析】考查冠词。根据上文可知，此处指的是19世纪初发生在欧洲的那次霍乱，表特指，故填the。 4.【答案】his　 【解析】考查代词。根据空后的investigation可知，此处应用he的形容词性物主代词his。 5.【答案】that　 【解析】考查强调句。found后是一个强调句，强调了句子的主语the pump water in Broad Street containing germs，故填that。 6.【答案】removed　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查了“have sth done”结构；remove与the handle of the pump之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词。]7.had been infected　考查时态和语态。根据“It turned out”可知，infect所表示的动作发生在turned out所表示的动作之前，而infect与主语water之间是动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。 8.【答案】between　 【解析】考查介词。a link between...and...意为“……与……之间的联系”。 9.【答案】companies　 【解析】考查名词的数。根据句中的different可知，此处用company的复数形式。 10.【答案】Fortunately　 【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处位于句首，修饰整个句子，故用副词。 一．完形填空 （25-26高二下·福建南平·期末）David and Natasha became friends with a shared love of fitness and healthy eating. As chemists, they were aware of how harmful preservatives (防腐剂) can be to our bodies. Calcium propionate, for instance, prevents bread from going bad by 1 bacteria. But it also can increase the 2 of blood sugar problems and weight gain. After reading a study about the ability of mushroom fiber to 3 foods’ storage life, the two friends were 4 . With an ambitious goal of developing a 5 preservative, they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers who would otherwise throw them away. Seven years later, in 2023, their company 6 mushroom-fiber extract. When added to food products, it helps increase their 7 life without leaving a noticeable taste. The product is now being 8 by wine factories in New Zealand. “If it works, it can 9 the added sulfites (亚硫酸盐) that wine makers 10 right now for a longer shelf life,” says Brown. Grapes naturally produce sulfite, so the extra can be too much for some people to 11 . It’s a win-win-win: for the climate by reducing food waste emissions, for our 12 , and for the mushroom farmers who can sell their 13 . For the two friends, their shared 14 has grown into something bigger: a mission to make the food industry more 15 . 1．A．growing B．killing C．feeding D．spreading 2．A．risk B．trouble C．awareness D．influence 3．A．affect B．reduce C．restrict D．lengthen 4．A．calm B．patient C．interested D．confident 5．A．natural B．chemical C．effective D．common 6．A．invented B．promoted C．transformed D．launched 7．A．service B．shelf C．working D．survival 8．A．sold B．approved C．made D．tested 9．A．change B．restore C．replace D．absorb 10．A．rely on B．apply for C．give up D．cut out 11．A．abuse B．gain C．refuse D．tolerate 12．A．wealth B．identity C．health D．reputation 13．A．wine B．produce C．waste D．food 14．A．passion B．talent C．style D．personality 15．A．profitable B．sustainable C．attractive D．innovative 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】文章讲述两位热爱健康生活的化学家发现化学防腐剂有害，受蘑菇纤维保鲜研究启发，用废弃蘑菇梗研发天然保鲜提取物。该产品可替代葡萄酒中亚硫酸盐，实现环保、护健康、助农户的三重共赢，推动食品行业可持续发展。 【详解】1．考查动名词。句意：身为化学家，他们清楚防腐剂会对人体造成多大危害。以丙酸钙为例，它通过杀灭细菌来防止面包变质。A. growing生长；B. killing杀死；C. feeding喂养；D. spreading传播。根据前文“Calcium propionate, for instance, prevents bread from going bad”可知，此处指丙酸钙用来阻止面包变质，原理是消灭导致食物腐烂的细菌。 2．考查名词。句意：但它也会增加患上血糖疾病和体重增长的风险。A. risk风险；B. trouble麻烦；C. awareness意识；D. influence影响。根据前文“they were aware of how harmful preservatives (防腐剂) can be to our bodies”可知，此处指化学防腐剂对人体有害，会提升患病的风险。 3．考查动词。句意：在阅读一篇关于蘑菇纤维能够延长食物储存期限的研究后，两位朋友产生了浓厚兴趣。A. affect影响；B. reduce减少；C. restrict限制；D. lengthen延长。根据后文“foods’ storage life”以及语境可知，此处指蘑菇纤维可以延长食物存放时间。 4．考查形容词。句意：在阅读一篇关于蘑菇纤维能够延长食物储存期限的研究后，两位朋友产生了浓厚兴趣。A. calm冷静的；B. patient耐心的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. confident自信的。根据后文“they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers”可知，二人看完研究后立刻行动研发新防腐剂，说明他们对此十分感兴趣。 5．考查形容词。句意：怀揣研发天然防腐剂的远大目标，他们从农户手中收购原本会被丢弃的蘑菇梗。A. natural天然的；B. chemical化学的；C. effective有效的；D. common普通的。根据前文“the ability of mushroom fiber to 　　　　 foods’ storage life”以及语境可知，二人选用蘑菇纤维做原料，是想研发天然无害的防腐剂。 6．考查动词。句意：七年后的2023年，他们的公司推出了蘑菇纤维提取物产品。A. invented发明；B. promoted推广；C. transformed改造；D. launched推出（产品）。根据后文“ When added to food products, it helps increase their 　　　　 life ”可知，此处指该产品正式面世投入使用，launch表示推出新产品。 7．考查名词。句意：将它添加到食品中，可以延长食品的保质期，且不会留下明显异味。A. service服务；B. shelf货架；C. working运作方式；D. survival生存。根据前文“the ability of mushroom fiber to 　　　　 foods’ storage life”以及后文“longer shelf life”原词复现可知，此处指延长食品的保质期，shelf life意为“保质期”。 8．考查动词。句意：这款产品如今正在新西兰多家葡萄酒厂进行测试。A. sold售卖；B. approved批准；C. made制造；D. tested测试。根据后文“If it works”可知，酒厂还在验证产品效果，尚未大规模使用。 9．考查动词。句意：布朗说：“如果产品有效，它就可以替代酿酒商如今为延长保质期而添加的亚硫酸盐。”A. change改变；B. restore恢复；C. replace替代；D. absorb吸收。根据后文“Grapes naturally produce sulfite, so the extra can be too much for some people to 　　　　 .”描述过多亚硫酸盐会给部分人群带来问题可知，此处指蘑菇提取物可以取而代之。 10．考查动词短语。句意：布朗说：“如果产品有效，它就可以替代酿酒商如今为延长保质期而添加的亚硫酸盐。”A. rely on依靠，使用；B. apply for申请；C. give up放弃；D. cut out切断。根据后文“right now for a longer shelf life”以及语境可知，此处指酿酒行业依靠亚硫酸盐延长葡萄酒存放时间。 11．考查动词。句意：葡萄本身会产生亚硫酸盐，额外添加的亚硫酸盐含量过高，部分人群无法承受。A. abuse滥用；B. gain获得；C. refuse拒绝；D. tolerate忍受，耐受。根据前文“But it also can increase the 　　　　 of blood sugar problems and weight gain.”可知，防腐剂对身体有害，亚硫酸盐也属于防腐剂，此处指过多亚硫酸盐对人体不友好，部分人身体无法承受。 12．考查名词。句意：这是三重共赢：减少食物浪费带来的排放、有益于我们的健康，也让蘑菇农户能售卖原本废弃的蘑菇梗。A. wealth财富；B. identity身份；C. health健康；D. reputation名声。根据前文“it also can increase the 　　　　 of blood sugar problems and weight gain”描述化学防腐剂危害人体可知，此处指天然蘑菇提取物对身体无害，是对健康有益。 13．考查名词。句意：这是三重共赢：减少食物浪费带来的排放、有益于我们的健康，也让蘑菇农户能售卖原本废弃的蘑菇梗。A. wine葡萄酒；B. produce农产品；C. waste废弃物；D. food食物。根据前文“they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers who would otherwise throw them away”可知，蘑菇梗原本是农户要丢掉的废料。 14．考查名词。句意：对这两位朋友而言，他们共同的热爱已经发展成更宏大的事业：让食品行业更可持续发展的使命。A. passion热爱；B. talent天赋；C. style风格；D. personality性格。根据开篇“David and Natasha became friends with a shared love of fitness and healthy eating”可知，他们的热爱已经发展成事业，passion是love的同义词复现。 15．考查形容词。句意：对这两位朋友而言，他们共同的热爱已经发展成更宏大的事业：让食品行业更可持续发展的使命。A. profitable盈利的；B. sustainable可持续的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. innovative创新的。根据前文“It’s a win-win-win: for the climate by reducing food waste emissions, for our  　　　　 , and for the mushroom farmers who can sell their 　　　　 . ”以及语境可知，该产品减少食物浪费、利用蘑菇废料、替换有害化学添加剂，全方位实现环保可持续。 二．阅读理解 A （25-26高二下·山东淄博·期末）Close your eyes and imagine the sounds on a busy city street. Now imagine the sounds in a forest. Even if you can’t identify specific noises in the mix, the overall sound has clearly changed. Tracking changes in the “soundscape” — as Dr Sarab Sethi calls it — is at the heart of his pioneering and hand-off approach to monitoring biodiversity. Sethi has developed a device that records soundscapes over long time-frames, with minimal human intervention. By fixing a network of sound recorders across a landscape, researchers can keep track of changes in the soundscape over time that act as an early warning of changes in species community or habitat health. In Borneo, the recorders monitor sounds across a landscape degradation gradient (梯度) from old growth forest, to logged forest, to oil palm plantation. Analyzing the different soundscapes, scientists involved in the project from all over the world are studying how this gradient, with its different levels of environmental degradation, affects biodiversity. Other research groups are putting the technology to subtle uses. In the Arctic Circle, the recorders are being used to listen to sounds in the soil — including the anthills, where environmental pollutants can potentially be detected through the noises of the ants. In Norway, the sound recorders are being used to monitor the arrival and breeding patterns of migratory birds, where they might otherwise be missed by researchers who can’t be continuously in the field. The technology is low-cost and fully open-source, and processes sound data automatically using a number of advanced machine learning algorithms based in the cloud. It collects extremely high-resolution audio data 24/7, and uploads it — with the help of solar panels and batteries — so researchers don’t need to remain near their field site to gather huge amounts of information about it. Sethi also wants to make the device biodegradable so researchers don’t even have to go back to collect it at the end of the project. This would also allow them to drop sensors into sites that are very difficult for humans to access otherwise. 1．What is at the core of Dr Sarab Sethi’s method? A．Distinguishing particular sounds. B．Monitoring soundscape variations. C．Visualizing noises of landscapes. D．Categorizing biodiversity. 2．What can be inferred about the sound recorders? A．They need little human input. B．They track Arctic ants. C．They warn against species changes. D．They detect birds’ migration. 3．What is the unique advantage regarding the biodegradable device? A．Lowering the cost of sound recorders. B．Realizing automatic data processing. C．Enabling detection in hard-to-reach sites. D．Gathering clear sound data non-stop. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．Studying Diversity Closely. B．Listening From Afar. C．Recording Forest Sounds. D．Protecting Wild Habitats. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍Sarab Sethi博士研发的声景录音监测设备，该设备依靠采集野外声景变化监测生物多样性，设备低成本、全自动，可用于多地不同场景，未来还将制作成可降解款式，方便进入人迹罕至区域开展生态监测。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tracking changes in the “soundscape” — as Dr Sarab Sethi calls it — is at the heart of his pioneering and hand-off approach to monitoring biodiversity.(萨拉布・塞西博士将这种整体声环境称作“声景”，追踪声景的变化，正是他独创的、无需人工持续值守的生物多样性监测方法的核心。)” 可知，该监测方法的核心是监测声景变化。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Sethi has developed a device that records soundscapes over long time-frames, with minimal human intervention.(塞西研发出一款设备，能够长时间录制声景，全程几乎无需人工干预。)” 可知，该录音设备几乎不需要人工操作。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This would also allow them to drop sensors into sites that are very difficult for humans to access otherwise.(同时，科研人员可以把传感器投放到人类原本难以抵达的区域开展监测。)” 可知，可生物降解设备独有的优势是能够在人难以到达的点位完成监测。 4．主旨大意题。全文核心介绍依靠远程录音设备收集野外各类声响、通过声音远距离监测生态与生物多样性，B选项“远方的聆听”完美概括文章主旨，最适合用作标题。 B （25-26高二下·河南信阳·期末）In Australia, large-scale solar farms are projected to supply nearly 25% of the nation’s electricity by 2050. This marks dramatic growth from the first utility-scale solar farm, which opened in Western Australia in 2010 with only 10 MW of capacity. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) is now ensuring that renewable technology works alongside agriculture while improving efficiency through innovation. A major challenge is balancing solar energy with agricultural needs. A 2024 CSIRO survey found that while solar farms enjoyed high public acceptance, rural residents worried about environmental impacts and reduced farmland. However, new spatial (空间的) modeling reveals that impacts on agricultural profit can be largely avoided. By strategically siting solar farms on lower-profitability grazing (放牧) land instead of prime agricultural areas, the impact drops by 90% while generating the same energy. In suitable areas, grazing sheep under solar panels can further reduce impacts, providing farmers with reliable, drought-proof income. The performance of solar farms depends not only on size but also on layout and operation. Advanced modeling tools help maximize output per hectare (公顷) and optimize tracking systems so panels follow the sun’s movement. These tools also improve forecasting when paired with large-scale batteries, which store excess energy during peak sunlight for later use. More accurate predictions ensure batteries are charged and ready to discharge when demand peaks in the late afternoon. At the cell level, CSIRO is developing new technologies to boost efficiency. Self-cleaning coatings keep dirt and dust away while allowing panels to absorb more energy. Additionally, tandem (串联) cells are expected to deliver at least a 5% efficiency gain. At scale, this would enable a solar farm to power around 1,000 more homes using the same land area. Maintenance is another critical factor. CSIRO researchers are using AI-powered robots equipped with cameras and sensors to autonomously inspect solar farms. These robots detect issues ranging from dust buildup to damaged wiring and dangerous hotspots, enabling workers to target only panels needing attention. This reduces costs, improves safety, and supports more resilient performance over time. 1．How do the author describe solar farms in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By providing figures. C．By quoting an expert. D．By defining a concept. 2．Which kind of area is the best place to site solar farms? A．On rural farmlands. B．On suburban drought areas. C．On primary agricultural sections. D．On lower-profitability grazing land. 3．What can be inferred about the role of large-scale batteries from Paragraph 3? A．They maximize output and optimize tracking systems. B．Their storage of electricity depends on sunlight and demand. C．Their usage are limited in small residential solar installations. D．They are becoming less common due to high maintenance costs. 4．What do the AI-powered robots suggest about the future maintenance? A．The robots can replace damaged panels automatically. B．Human workers can not be needed in solar farm operations. C．Maintenance will become more targeted, cost-effective and safer. D．Solar farms will operate autonomously without any human intervention. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】主要介绍澳大利亚大型太阳能电站的发展前景，从选址、配套储能、电池技术、智能运维多方面介绍CSIRO提升光伏农光互补效率的创新方案。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “In Australia, large-scale solar farms are projected to supply nearly 25% of the nation’s electricity by 2050. This marks dramatic growth from the first utility-scale solar farm, which opened in Western Australia in 2010 with only 10 MW of capacity.(在澳大利亚，大型太阳能电站预计到2050年将提供全国近25%的电力。2010年西澳大利亚建成首座公用事业级太阳能电站，当时容量仅10兆瓦，如今的规模实现大幅增长。)”可知，作者使用25%、2050、2010、10 MW等数据介绍太阳能电站，写作方式为罗列数据。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By strategically siting solar farms on lower-profitability grazing (放牧) land instead of prime agricultural areas, the impact drops by 90% while generating the same energy.(通过将太阳能电站规划建设在收益较低的放牧用地而非优质农田，在发电量不变的前提下，对农业的影响能降低90%。)”可知，收益较低的放牧用地是修建太阳能电站的最佳选址。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“These tools also improve forecasting when paired with large-scale batteries, which store excess energy during peak sunlight for later use. More accurate predictions ensure batteries are charged and ready to discharge when demand peaks in the late afternoon.(这些工具在搭配大规模电池使用时还能提升预测能力，电池在日照峰值期间储存多余能源以供后续使用。更精准的预测确保电池完成充电，并在傍晚用电需求高峰时准备好放电。)”可知，蓄电池在光照充足时储电、用电高峰时放电，储电工作依赖光照条件与用电需求。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“These robots detect issues ranging from dust buildup to damaged wiring and dangerous hotspots, enabling workers to target only panels needing attention. This reduces costs, improves safety, and supports more resilient performance over time.(这些机器人检测从积灰、破损线路到危险高温点的各类问题，使工作人员仅针对需要处理的面板开展工作。这降低成本、提升安全水平，并长期维持更稳定的运行状态。)”可知，人工智能机器人让运维工作更有针对性、更省钱且更安全。 C （25-26高一下·河北保定·期末）Technology is here to stay. 1 . However, they are often unsure how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips. Have a device agreement Having a device usage agreement allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensures that everyone knows. 2 . Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for limitations. 3 Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often hard to follow. This is because work keeps us busy, and people expect us to stay online all the time. If you make some offline time part of your day and tell your children about it, they will learn how good it is. Whether you read a book or just take a walk, letting your children know what you do offline will encourage them to do the same! Encourage non-tech activities One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. 4 . These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence. Family time without tech Once a week, write a “family time without tech” in your schedule. It can be a meal or a trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. 5 . A．Set a good example in technology use B．Communicate with children C．A little extra planning goes a long way D．The agreement is helpful to the settlement of conflict E．Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs F．Also, writing an agreement together promotes understanding G．This can come in a variety of forms: football, cycling and more 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．A 4．G 5．C 【导语】文章就家长应该如何帮助孩子负责任地使用科技产品，保持线上和线下时间的平衡给出了几点建议。 【详解】1．根据上文“Technology is here to stay.(科技将长期存在。)”和下文“However, they are often unsure how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time.(然而，他们常常不确定如何帮助孩子负责任地使用科技产品，并在线上和线下时间之间保持平衡。)”可知，选项E. Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs(父母在家中和工作场所看到更多科技产品的身影)中的Parents与下文中的they相对应，说明了在父母看到了科技存在的现状，承接上文，并引出了下文，表明父母不确定该如何帮助孩子正确地使用科技产品。 2．根据上文“Having a device usage agreement allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensures that everyone knows.(制定设备使用协议可以让家长和孩子共同明确家庭中负责任的科技设备使用方式，并确保每个人都了解。)”和下文“Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for limitations.(孩子更可能理解你设定限制的原因。)”可知，空处应继续说明制定协议的益处，故选项F. Also, writing an agreement together promotes understanding(此外，共同撰写协议有助于增进理解)补充说明了共同撰写协议的好处，下文又进一步地说明了这一好处，衔接合理。 3．空处为段落主题句，应用祈使句；根据下文“If you make some offline time part of your day and tell your children about it, they will learn how good it is. Whether you read a book or just take a walk, letting your children know what you do offline will encourage them to do the same!(如果你每天安排一些离线时间，并告诉孩子你做了什么，他们就会明白这样做的好处。无论是读书还是散步，让你的孩子知道你在离线时的活动，都会鼓励他们也这样做！)”可知，该段主要建议父母要以身作则，故选项A. Set a good example in technology use(在科技设备使用方面树立良好榜样)是对该段的总结，符合段落主题。 4．根据上文“One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.(让孩子远离屏幕的一个好方法，就是确保他们有其他活动来充实自己的时间。)”和下文“These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence.(这些活动也是帮助孩子发展社交技能和自信心的绝佳方式。)”可知，空处应该具体列举了能够让孩子远离屏幕的其他活动，故选项G. This can come in a variety of forms: football, cycling and more(这可以有多种形式：足球、自行车运动等等。)承上启下，衔接合理。 5．根据上文“To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online.(为了提高外出活动的成功率，可以尝试设计一些特别的活动，例如去海滩搭建一座与网上找到的照片一模一样的沙堡。)”可知，选项C. A little extra planning goes a long way(一点点额外的计划会有很大的帮助)总结了上文提到的计划会带来的效果，符合语境。 三．语法填空 （25-26高一下·湖南张家界·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 1 history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 2 scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 3 (surround) the mould were dead. 4 (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 5 (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 6 (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 7 were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 8 (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 9 (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 10 (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 【答案】1．in 2．a 3．surrounding 4．Surprised 5．treating 6．effective 7．who/that 8．has saved 9．truth 10．to notice 【导语】文章主要讲述了青霉素的发现过程，指出这一伟大发现虽看似偶然，实则源于亚历山大·弗莱明的智慧、经验和不懈努力，印证了“机遇偏爱有准备的头脑”这一道理。 【详解】1．考查介词。句意：青霉素被广泛认为是历史上最重要的医学发现之一。in history为固定搭配，意为“在历史上”。 2．考查冠词。句意：弗莱明，一位来自苏格兰的科学家，度假后回到实验室，发现培养皿上有一些霉菌。scientist为可数名词，此处表示泛指，scientist发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。were dead为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，bacteria和surround之间为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式surrounding。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：对此感到惊讶，弗莱明做了一些测试。performed为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Fleming和surprise之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式，且位于句首首字母大写。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他意识到这可能对治疗伤口非常有用。介词for后需接动名词treating“治疗”作宾语。 6．考查形容词。句意：十多年来，弗莱明一直在研究青霉素并试图将其制成有效的药物。空处修饰名词medicine，需用形容词effective作定语。 7．考查定语从句。句意：最终，他的工作引起了一些其他能够做到这一点的科学家的注意。空处引导定语从句，先行词为scientists，指人，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。 8．考查时态。句意：自20世纪40年代开始大规模生产以来，青霉素已经拯救了数百万人的生命。根据时间状语Since its mass production began可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语penicillin不可数，助动词用has。 9．考查名词。句意：人们可能认为弗莱明是偶然发现青霉素的，但事实上远非如此。定冠词the后需接名词truth作介词from的宾语。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他足够聪明和有经验去注意到它的潜力。此处为“adj.+enough+to do”结构，意为“足够……去做某事”，需用动词不定式。 （2025·浙江·高考真题）As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”   Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 1．What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A．To reduce stereotypes. B．To meet public demand. C．To cut production costs. D．To encourage competition. 2．What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A．Design a product. B．Respond to a survey. C．Work as assistants. D．Take a language test. 3．Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A．They cannot be mass-produced. B．Naming them is a challenging task. C．People assume they are unreliable. D．Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. (斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self driving car known as ‘Miuu.’ (在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a ‘he’ or ‘she.’ (马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’ (然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B项。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 2 Learning About Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、词汇拓展 1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→ adv.严重地；严厉地；严格地 2.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ n．挫败；沮丧 3.infection n．感染；传染→ vt.使感染；传染→ adj.感染的；(疾病)传染性的；(病人)有传染性的→ adj.带菌的；感染病菌的 4.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→ n．订阅(费)；用户费 5.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→ v．乘；(使)大大增加；繁殖 6.intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→ vi.介入；干预 7.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ vt.使纯净；净化→ adv.完全地；仅仅 二．写出句中加黑词的词性和含义 1.He rose to the rank of major. 2.He had swiftly risen to fame during the 1950s. 3.I tried to pump him for information about their other contacts. 4.She shivered in the raw morning air. 三．写出下列词块的含义 1.in the early 19th century　 2.millions of people 3.two contradictory theories 4.an outbreak of cholera 5.more than 6.mark on a map 7.what is more 8.as a result of 9.drink pure or boiled water 10.substantial decrease 一．单句语法填空 1.In this lecture, I can only give you a 　　　　　(pure) personal view on how we can make the best use of time.  2.According to 　　　　　(statistic), it's estimated that the number of students reading Chinese classics is on the rise.  3.Though some are 　　　　　(initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.  4.Some people blame the smart phone 　　　　　 their absence of mind. Yet in fact, people's weakening self-control should be responsible.  5.The 　　　　　(find) of the market survey reveals that product packaging has a great influence on consumers' purchasing decisions.  6.On August 26th Pinduoduo's share price decreased 　　　　　 nearly 30% after it reported sales for the quarter from April to June fell short of the market's high expectations.  二．单元语法专练 A 1.The best moment for the football star was 　　　　　 he scored the winning goal.   2.The old building, behind which was a famous university, was 　　　　　 I used to work.  3.The question, however, is 　　　　　 this is what the developing countries need the most.  4.This is 　　　　　 my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.   5.What some students are not aware of is 　　　　　 difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.  6.He doesn't like the food that the school serves. This is　　　　　 he often brings a packed lunch from home.   7.What impressed me most was 　　　　　 those disabled athletes tried their best to compete in the games.  8.The number of snakes had declined. He realized that it was 　　　　　 there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.   B 1.如果把筷子的一部分放在水里,它们看起来就像断了一样。(as if;虚拟语气) If the chopsticks are partly placed in the water, it looks 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.   2.我的建议是,如果你想上理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。 My advice 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.  3.学生们之间的争论是在线学习是否和学校里的传统课堂学习一样有效。 The debate among students is 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 traditional classroom learning in school.   4.那就是为什么我总是珍惜每一个勇敢面对挑战的机会,就像那些残疾人运动员面对困难从不放弃一样。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to face challenges bravely, just like those disabled athletes who never give up in the face of difficulties.(读后续写—主旨升华)  三．补全句子 1.Not many people money can bring happiness. 并不是很多人赞同金钱能带来幸福的观点。 2.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born and raise her family. 凯西在儿子出生时就辞掉了工作，以便能留在家里养家。 3. most of the students went to sleep. 这堂课如此无聊以至于大多数学生都睡着了。 4. they know what they’re doing.看来，他们知道自己在干什么。 四．课文语法填空 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, 1. (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time, doctors 2. (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.John Snow discovered that in two particular streets 3. cholera outbreak was so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Through 4. (he) serious investigation, he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 5. resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore, he had the handle of the pump 6. (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 7. (infect) by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link 8. other cases of cholera and the different water 9. (company) in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10. (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 一．完形填空 （25-26高二下·福建南平·期末）David and Natasha became friends with a shared love of fitness and healthy eating. As chemists, they were aware of how harmful preservatives (防腐剂) can be to our bodies. Calcium propionate, for instance, prevents bread from going bad by 1 bacteria. But it also can increase the 2 of blood sugar problems and weight gain. After reading a study about the ability of mushroom fiber to 3 foods’ storage life, the two friends were 4 . With an ambitious goal of developing a 5 preservative, they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers who would otherwise throw them away. Seven years later, in 2023, their company 6 mushroom-fiber extract. When added to food products, it helps increase their 7 life without leaving a noticeable taste. The product is now being 8 by wine factories in New Zealand. “If it works, it can 9 the added sulfites (亚硫酸盐) that wine makers 10 right now for a longer shelf life,” says Brown. Grapes naturally produce sulfite, so the extra can be too much for some people to 11 . It’s a win-win-win: for the climate by reducing food waste emissions, for our 12 , and for the mushroom farmers who can sell their 13 . For the two friends, their shared 14 has grown into something bigger: a mission to make the food industry more 15 . 1．A．growing B．killing C．feeding D．spreading 2．A．risk B．trouble C．awareness D．influence 3．A．affect B．reduce C．restrict D．lengthen 4．A．calm B．patient C．interested D．confident 5．A．natural B．chemical C．effective D．common 6．A．invented B．promoted C．transformed D．launched 7．A．service B．shelf C．working D．survival 8．A．sold B．approved C．made D．tested 9．A．change B．restore C．replace D．absorb 10．A．rely on B．apply for C．give up D．cut out 11．A．abuse B．gain C．refuse D．tolerate 12．A．wealth B．identity C．health D．reputation 13．A．wine B．produce C．waste D．food 14．A．passion B．talent C．style D．personality 15．A．profitable B．sustainable C．attractive D．innovative 二．阅读理解 A （25-26高二下·山东淄博·期末）Close your eyes and imagine the sounds on a busy city street. Now imagine the sounds in a forest. Even if you can’t identify specific noises in the mix, the overall sound has clearly changed. Tracking changes in the “soundscape” — as Dr Sarab Sethi calls it — is at the heart of his pioneering and hand-off approach to monitoring biodiversity. Sethi has developed a device that records soundscapes over long time-frames, with minimal human intervention. By fixing a network of sound recorders across a landscape, researchers can keep track of changes in the soundscape over time that act as an early warning of changes in species community or habitat health. In Borneo, the recorders monitor sounds across a landscape degradation gradient (梯度) from old growth forest, to logged forest, to oil palm plantation. Analyzing the different soundscapes, scientists involved in the project from all over the world are studying how this gradient, with its different levels of environmental degradation, affects biodiversity. Other research groups are putting the technology to subtle uses. In the Arctic Circle, the recorders are being used to listen to sounds in the soil — including the anthills, where environmental pollutants can potentially be detected through the noises of the ants. In Norway, the sound recorders are being used to monitor the arrival and breeding patterns of migratory birds, where they might otherwise be missed by researchers who can’t be continuously in the field. The technology is low-cost and fully open-source, and processes sound data automatically using a number of advanced machine learning algorithms based in the cloud. It collects extremely high-resolution audio data 24/7, and uploads it — with the help of solar panels and batteries — so researchers don’t need to remain near their field site to gather huge amounts of information about it. Sethi also wants to make the device biodegradable so researchers don’t even have to go back to collect it at the end of the project. This would also allow them to drop sensors into sites that are very difficult for humans to access otherwise. 1．What is at the core of Dr Sarab Sethi’s method? A．Distinguishing particular sounds. B．Monitoring soundscape variations. C．Visualizing noises of landscapes. D．Categorizing biodiversity. 2．What can be inferred about the sound recorders? A．They need little human input. B．They track Arctic ants. C．They warn against species changes. D．They detect birds’ migration. 3．What is the unique advantage regarding the biodegradable device? A．Lowering the cost of sound recorders. B．Realizing automatic data processing. C．Enabling detection in hard-to-reach sites. D．Gathering clear sound data non-stop. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．Studying Diversity Closely. B．Listening From Afar. C．Recording Forest Sounds. D．Protecting Wild Habitats. B （25-26高二下·河南信阳·期末）In Australia, large-scale solar farms are projected to supply nearly 25% of the nation’s electricity by 2050. This marks dramatic growth from the first utility-scale solar farm, which opened in Western Australia in 2010 with only 10 MW of capacity. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) is now ensuring that renewable technology works alongside agriculture while improving efficiency through innovation. A major challenge is balancing solar energy with agricultural needs. A 2024 CSIRO survey found that while solar farms enjoyed high public acceptance, rural residents worried about environmental impacts and reduced farmland. However, new spatial (空间的) modeling reveals that impacts on agricultural profit can be largely avoided. By strategically siting solar farms on lower-profitability grazing (放牧) land instead of prime agricultural areas, the impact drops by 90% while generating the same energy. In suitable areas, grazing sheep under solar panels can further reduce impacts, providing farmers with reliable, drought-proof income. The performance of solar farms depends not only on size but also on layout and operation. Advanced modeling tools help maximize output per hectare (公顷) and optimize tracking systems so panels follow the sun’s movement. These tools also improve forecasting when paired with large-scale batteries, which store excess energy during peak sunlight for later use. More accurate predictions ensure batteries are charged and ready to discharge when demand peaks in the late afternoon. At the cell level, CSIRO is developing new technologies to boost efficiency. Self-cleaning coatings keep dirt and dust away while allowing panels to absorb more energy. Additionally, tandem (串联) cells are expected to deliver at least a 5% efficiency gain. At scale, this would enable a solar farm to power around 1,000 more homes using the same land area. Maintenance is another critical factor. CSIRO researchers are using AI-powered robots equipped with cameras and sensors to autonomously inspect solar farms. These robots detect issues ranging from dust buildup to damaged wiring and dangerous hotspots, enabling workers to target only panels needing attention. This reduces costs, improves safety, and supports more resilient performance over time. 1．How do the author describe solar farms in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By providing figures. C．By quoting an expert. D．By defining a concept. 2．Which kind of area is the best place to site solar farms? A．On rural farmlands. B．On suburban drought areas. C．On primary agricultural sections. D．On lower-profitability grazing land. 3．What can be inferred about the role of large-scale batteries from Paragraph 3? A．They maximize output and optimize tracking systems. B．Their storage of electricity depends on sunlight and demand. C．Their usage are limited in small residential solar installations. D．They are becoming less common due to high maintenance costs. 4．What do the AI-powered robots suggest about the future maintenance? A．The robots can replace damaged panels automatically. B．Human workers can not be needed in solar farm operations. C．Maintenance will become more targeted, cost-effective and safer. D．Solar farms will operate autonomously without any human intervention. C （25-26高一下·河北保定·期末）Technology is here to stay. 1 . However, they are often unsure how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips. Have a device agreement Having a device usage agreement allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensures that everyone knows. 2 . Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for limitations. 3 Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often hard to follow. This is because work keeps us busy, and people expect us to stay online all the time. If you make some offline time part of your day and tell your children about it, they will learn how good it is. Whether you read a book or just take a walk, letting your children know what you do offline will encourage them to do the same! Encourage non-tech activities One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. 4 . These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence. Family time without tech Once a week, write a “family time without tech” in your schedule. It can be a meal or a trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. 5 . A．Set a good example in technology use B．Communicate with children C．A little extra planning goes a long way D．The agreement is helpful to the settlement of conflict E．Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs F．Also, writing an agreement together promotes understanding G．This can come in a variety of forms: football, cycling and more 三．语法填空 （25-26高一下·湖南张家界·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 1 history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 2 scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 3 (surround) the mould were dead. 4 (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 5 (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 6 (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 7 were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 8 (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 9 (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 10 (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” （2025·浙江·高考真题）As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”   Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 1．What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A．To reduce stereotypes. B．To meet public demand. C．To cut production costs. D．To encourage competition. 2．What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A．Design a product. B．Respond to a survey. C．Work as assistants. D．Take a language test. 3．Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A．They cannot be mass-produced. B．Naming them is a challenging task. C．People assume they are unreliable. D．Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $