《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第29天-2027届高三英语一轮复习

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖15个核心词汇（421-435）的词义、词形变换、短语拓展及真题应用，按“基础词义—词形变化—语境运用”层级构建知识网络，通过选词填空、单词填空等任务驱动设计，引导学生自主梳理词汇关联，形成结构化词汇体系。 亮点在于诊断性默写与语境化应用结合，如核心词汇/词形变换默写模块帮助学生自主诊断掌握情况，语篇翻译整合多词运用培养语言能力，真题例句融入短语拓展提升学习能力。每个练习配有错题归因空间，助力个性化查漏，教师可依学情精准指导，有效培养学生自主复习能力。

《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第29天（词汇421-435） 一、核心词汇 421. grasp 【10次】 /ɡrɑːsp/ v.抓紧；抓牢；理解；领会 n.紧抓，紧握；理解（力）；领会；能力所及 422. decrease 【10次】 /ˈdiːkriːs/ v.&n. 降低，减少 423. beneficial 【10次】 /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj.有益的,有利的 424. define 【10次】 /dɪˈfaɪn/ v.定义，明确 425. vast 【10次】 /vɑːst/ adj.广阔的，巨大的 426. witness 【10次】 /ˈwɪtnəs/ v.目击；n.目击者，证人 427. wrap 【10次】 /ræp/ v.包裹，覆盖 428. candidate 【10次】 /ˈkændɪdət/ n.候选人，应试者 429. affair 【9次】 /əˈfeə/ n.公共事务，政治事务；事件，事情；风流韵事 430. acquire 【9次】 /əˈkwaɪə/ v.获得，取得；购得 431. certificate 【9次】 /səˈtɪfɪkət/ n.证书，证明 432. champion 【9次】 /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n.冠军；v.支持，拥护 433. estimate 【9次】 /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v.估计，估算 434. exhausted 【9次】 /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ adj.精疲力竭的；耗尽的，枯竭的 435. refresh 【9次】 /rɪˈfreʃ/ v.使恢复精力，使凉爽；刷新 二、词形变换 1. grasp —— grasping /ˈɡrɑːspɪŋ/ adj.贪婪的；抓取的 —— graspable /ˈɡrɑːspəbl/ adj.可理解的 2. decrease —— decreasing /dɪˈkriːsɪŋ/ adj.下降中的 —— decreasingly /dɪˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv.越来越 3. benefit —— beneficial adj.有益的 —— benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n.利益 v.有益 —— beneficially /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəli/ adv.有益地 4. define —— definition /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ n.定义 —— definite /ˈdefɪnət/ adj.明确的 —— definitely /ˈdefɪnətli/ adv.明确地 5. witness —— witness n.目击者 —— eyewitness /ˌaɪˈwɪtnəs/ n.目击证人 6. wrap —— wrapper /ˈræpə/ n.包装纸 —— wrapping /ˈræpɪŋ/ n.包装材料 —— unwrap /ʌnˈræp/ v.打开 7. candidate —— candidacy /ˈkændɪdəsi/ n.候选资格 —— candidature /ˈkændɪdətʃə/ n.候选人身份 8. acquire —— acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ n.获得 —— acquired /əˈkwaɪəd/ adj.后天的 —— acquirer n.收购者 9. certificate —— certify /ˈsɜːtɪfaɪ/ v.证明 —— certification /ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.认证 —— certified /ˈsɜːtɪfaɪd/ adj.经认证的 10. champion —— championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ n.锦标赛 —— champion v.支持 11. estimate —— estimation /ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ n.估计 —— underestimate /ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/ v.低估 —— overestimate /ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt/ v.高估 12. exhaust —— exhausted adj.精疲力竭的 —— exhausting /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ/ adj.令人疲惫的 —— exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/ n.筋疲力尽 —— exhaust /ɪɡˈzɔːst/ v.耗尽 13. refresh —— refreshing /rɪˈfreʃɪŋ/ adj.令人精神振奋的 —— refreshment /rɪˈfreʃmənt/ n.点心；恢复精力 —— refresher /rɪˈfreʃə/ n.恢复精神之物 三、重要词汇短语拓展与真题例句 1. grasp —— grasp the opportunity 抓住机会；grasp the meaning 理解含义 （2023新高考I卷）“It took me a while to grasp the concept.” 2. decrease —— decrease by 减少了；decrease to 减少到 （2022全国乙卷）“The number of accidents has decreased significantly.” 3. beneficial —— be beneficial to 对……有益 （2021全国甲卷）“Regular exercise is beneficial to health.” 4. define —— define as 定义为 （2020全国II卷）“It is difficult to define happiness.” 5. vast —— vast majority 绝大多数；vast area 广阔区域 （2019全国I卷）“The vast majority of students passed the exam.” 6. witness —— witness the event 目击事件；be a witness to 是……的目击者 （2018全国III卷）“She witnessed the accident.” 7. wrap —— wrap up 包裹；结束；wrap in 用……包 （2022新高考I卷）“She wrapped the gift in colorful paper.” 8. candidate —— candidate for ……的候选人 （2021新高考I卷）“There are three candidates for the position.” 9. affair —— current affairs 时事；public affairs 公共事务 （2020全国I卷）“He is interested in international affairs.” 10. acquire —— acquire knowledge 获得知识；acquire a skill 掌握技能 （2019全国II卷）“Children acquire language naturally.” 11. certificate —— birth certificate 出生证明；degree certificate 学位证书 （2018全国II卷）“He received a certificate for completing the course.” 12. champion —— defending champion 卫冕冠军；champion a cause 支持事业 （2023全国乙卷）“She is the champion of the tennis tournament.” 13. estimate —— estimate the cost 估算成本；rough estimate 粗略估计 （2022新高考II卷）“Experts estimate that the project will take three years.” 14. exhausted —— feel exhausted 感到精疲力竭 （2021全国乙卷）“After the long journey, I felt completely exhausted.” 15. refresh —— refresh memory 唤起记忆；refresh oneself 恢复精力 （2020全国III卷）“A short nap can refresh your mind.” 四、选词填空 第一组（备选词：grasp, decrease, refresh, beneficial, define, vast, witness, wrap, candidate, affair, acquire, ） 1. Students must ______ the basic principles of mathematics before moving on to advanced topics. 2. Regular physical exercise has been proven to be highly ______ to both physical and mental health. 3. It is sometimes challenging to ______ success in a way that satisfies everyone. 4. ______ numbers of people around the world are now using smartphones for daily communication. 5. Several people came forward to ______ the incident that occurred near the shopping mall. 6. She carefully ______ the fragile items in soft material to prevent damage during the move. 7. There are over a hundred ______ applying for this highly competitive graduate program. 8. Young children ______ new vocabulary at an astonishing speed through daily exposure to language. 9. The university offers a certificate program for those who wish to ______ their knowledge in business management. 10. Over the past decade, the crime rate in this city has ______ by nearly 30 percent. 第二组（备选词：certificate, champion, estimate, exhausted, refresh, championship, estimated, refreshing, exhaustion, championed） 11. After completing the training program, each participant received a ______ of completion. 12. The former Olympic ______ now works as a coach for young athletes. 13. According to one ______, over half of the population will live in cities by 2050. 14. After running the marathon, she felt completely ______ and needed to rest. 15. Taking a walk in the fresh air can ______ your mind after a long day of studying. 16. He won the national ______ for the third time in his career. 17. The cost of the project is ______ at around five million dollars. 18. A cup of hot tea can be very ______ on a cold winter afternoon. 19. His ______ after the long journey was evident in his tired eyes. 20. The famous activist ______ the cause of environmental protection for many years. 五、单词填空 1. A good teacher helps students ______ (grasp) difficult concepts by providing clear explanations and practical examples. 2. Scientists have observed a steady ______ (decrease) in the number of certain bird species over the past five decades. 3. Regular reading is ______ (benefit) to vocabulary development and critical thinking skills. 4. It is important to ______ (definition) your goals clearly before you start working on a project. 5. The ______ (vast) of the ocean makes it one of the most mysterious places on Earth. 6. The police are looking for anyone who ______ (witness) the accident to come forward with information. 7. Please ______ (wrapper) the leftover food properly before putting it in the refrigerator. 8. Many job ______ (candidate) find the interview process stressful and challenging. 9. Through years of practice, she ______ (acquire) exceptional skills in playing the piano. 10. The artist ______ (estimate) the value of his painting at over ten thousand dollars. 六、语篇翻译 Having witnessed the success of many candidates, I have come to grasp the true meaning of hard work. It is beneficial to define your goals early in life. A vast amount of knowledge is available online, but learning requires discipline. When you feel exhausted, it is important to refresh yourself by taking breaks and engaging in enjoyable activities. Decrease the amount of time you spend on meaningless tasks. A person who wins a championship must have acquired years of training and experience. We should not wrap ourselves in comfort but face challenges bravely. Public affairs require the attention of every citizen. Teachers often estimate the progress of their students to adjust their teaching methods. Your certificate of achievement is not just a piece of paper; it represents your dedication and hard work over the years. Champion the causes you believe in, and never give up on your dreams. 七、核心词汇默写 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 421. 抓紧；领会；理解力 ____________ 422. 减少；降低 ____________ 423. 有益的；有利的 ____________ 424. 定义；明确 ____________ 425. 广阔的；巨大的 ____________ 426. 目击；目击者 ____________ 427. 包裹；覆盖 ____________ 428. 候选人；应试者 ____________ 429. 事务；事件 ____________ 430. 获得；取得 ____________ 431. 证书；证明 ____________ 432. 冠军；支持 ____________ 433. 估计；估算 ____________ 434. 精疲力竭的；耗尽的 ____________ 435. 使恢复精力；刷新 ____________ 八、词形变换默写 1. grasp → ______（adj. 可理解的）→ ______（adj. 贪婪的） 2. decrease → ______（adj. 下降中的）→ ______（adv. 越来越） 3. benefit → ______（adj. 有益的）→ ______（adv. 有益地）→ ______（n. 利益） 4. define → ______（n. 定义）→ ______（adj. 明确的）→ ______（adv. 明确地） 5. wrap → ______（n. 包装纸）→ ______（n. 包装材料）→ ______（v. 打开） 6. candidate → ______（n. 候选资格）→ ______（n. 候选人身份） 7. acquire → ______（n. 获得）→ ______（adj. 后天的）→ ______（n. 收购者） 8. certificate → ______（v. 证明）→ ______（n. 认证）→ ______（adj. 经认证的） 9. champion → ______（n. 锦标赛） 10. estimate → ______（n. 估计）→ ______（v. 低估）→ ______（v. 高估） 11. exhaust → ______（adj. 精疲力竭的）→ ______（adj. 令人疲惫的）→ ______（n. 筋疲力尽） 12. refresh → ______（adj. 令人精神振奋的）→ ______（n. 点心；恢复精力） 【参考答案】 四、选词填空答案 第一组：1. grasp 2. beneficial 3. define 4. Vast 5. witness 6. wrapped 7. candidates 8. acquire 9. refresh 10. decreased 第二组：11. certificate 12. champion 13. estimate 14. exhausted 15. refresh 16. championship 17. estimated 18. refreshing 19. exhaustion 20. championed 五、单词填空答案 1. grasp（动词原形，理解） 2. decrease（名词，减少） 3. beneficial（形容词，有益的） 4. define（动词原形，定义） 5. vastness（名词，广阔） 6. witnessed（动词过去式，目击） 7. wrap（动词原形，包裹） 8. candidates（名词复数，候选人） 9. acquired（动词过去式，获得） 10. estimated（动词过去式，估计） 六、语篇翻译答案 亲眼目睹了许多应试者的成功之后，我逐渐领会了努力的真正意义。有益的是尽早明确你的人生目标。网络上虽有大量知识，但学习需要自律。当你感到精疲力竭时，通过休息和从事愉快的活动来恢复精力很重要。减少花在无意义任务上的时间。赢得冠军的人一定获得了多年的训练和经验。我们不应包裹在舒适中，而要勇敢面对挑战。公共事务需要每个公民的关注。教师经常估计学生的进步以调整教学方法。你的证书不仅仅是一张纸；它代表着你这几年来的奉献和努力。支持你相信的事业，永远不要放弃梦想。 七、核心词汇默写答案 421. grasp 422. decrease 423. beneficial 424. define 425. vast 426. witness 427. wrap 428. candidate 429. affair 430. acquire 431. certificate 432. champion 433. estimate 434. exhausted 435. refresh 八、词形变换默写答案 1. graspable, grasping 2. decreasing, decreasingly 3. beneficial, beneficially, benefit 4. definition, definite, definitely 5. wrapper, wrapping, unwrap 6. candidacy, candidature 7. acquisition, acquired, acquirer 8. certify, certification, certified 9. championship 10. estimation, underestimate, overestimate 11. exhausted, exhausting, exhaustion 12. refreshing, refreshment $