《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第21天-2027届高三英语一轮复习

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖第21天15个核心词汇（301-315），按“核心词汇-词形变换-短语拓展-真题应用”层级构建知识体系，通过选词填空、单词填空等任务驱动设计，引导学生自主梳理词汇用法及词形变化规律，形成从基础词义到语境应用的完整认知框架。 亮点在于自主诊断与语言能力培养，如设置选词填空（两组20题）、单词填空（10题语法/首字母填空）及语篇翻译等自测工具，学生可通过即时反馈定位薄弱点，结合核心词汇默写和词形变换默写强化记忆，提升学习能力。教师可依据学生答题情况精准指导，助力个性化复习，有效培养学生自主复习能力。

《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第21天（词汇301-315） 一、核心词汇 301. political 【17次】 /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj.政治的 302. convenient 【17次】 /kənˈviːniənt/ adj.方便的；便利的 303. assess 【17次】 /əˈses/ v.评定，评估 304. astonish 【17次】 /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ v.使惊讶，使吃惊 305. guarantee 【17次】 /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v.保证；n.保证，担保 306. decline 【17次】 /dɪˈklaɪn/ v.下降，衰退，拒绝；n.衰落，下降 307. background 【17次】 /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ n.背景，出身背景；学历；经历 308. mysterious 【17次】 /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj.神秘的，不可思议的 309. block 【17次】 /blɒk/ n.街区；（方形或长方形）大块；大楼；v.阻塞；阻碍 310. emergency 【17次】 /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n.突发事件，紧急情况 311. sink 【17次】 /sɪŋk/ v.下沉(into)，沉没；倒下；坐下 312. abandon 【16次】 /əˈbændən/ v.放弃，抛弃；遗弃 313. adjust 【16次】 /əˈdʒʌst/ v.调节，调整，使适应(to) 314. capital 【16次】 /ˈkæpɪtl/ n.首都，资本；adj.大写的，资本的 315. charm 【16次】 /tʃɑːm/ n.魅力，吸引力 二、词形变换 1. politics —— political adj.政治的 —— politically /pəˈlɪtɪkli/ adv.政治上 —— politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n.政治家 —— politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n.政治 2. convenience —— convenient adj.方便的 —— conveniently /kənˈviːniəntli/ adv.方便地 —— inconvenient /ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/ adj.不方便的 —— convenience /kənˈviːniəns/ n.便利 3. assess —— assessment /əˈsesmənt/ n.评估 —— assessor /əˈsesə/ n.评估员 —— reassess /ˌriːəˈses/ v.重新评估 4. astonish —— astonishment /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ n.惊讶 —— astonished /əˈstɒnɪʃt/ adj.惊讶的 —— astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ adj.令人惊讶的 5. guarantee —— guarantor /ˌɡærənˈtɔː/ n.担保人 —— guaranteed /ˌɡærənˈtiːd/ adj.有保证的 6. decline —— declining /dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/ adj.下降中的 —— declination /ˌdeklɪˈneɪʃn/ n.倾斜 7. ground —— background n.背景 —— ground /ɡraʊnd/ n.地面 —— groundless /ˈɡraʊndləs/ adj.无根据的 8. mystery —— mysterious adj.神秘的 —— mysteriously /mɪˈstɪəriəsli/ adv.神秘地 —— mystery /ˈmɪstəri/ n.神秘 9. block —— blockage /ˈblɒkɪdʒ/ n.阻塞 —— blocked /blɒkt/ adj.被阻塞的 —— blockbuster /ˈblɒkbʌstə/ n.大片 10. emerge —— emergency n.紧急情况 —— emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ v.出现 —— emergence /iˈmɜːdʒəns/ n.出现 11. sink —— sinking /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/ adj.下沉的 —— sunken /ˈsʌŋkən/ adj.沉没的 12. abandon —— abandoned /əˈbændənd/ adj.被遗弃的 —— abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/ n.放弃 13. adjust —— adjustment /əˈdʒʌstmənt/ n.调整 —— adjustable /əˈdʒʌstəbl/ adj.可调节的 14. capital —— capitalize /ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz/ v.资本化；利用 —— capitalism /ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm/ n.资本主义 15. charm —— charming /ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ/ adj.迷人的 —— charmer /ˈtʃɑːmə/ n.迷人的人 三、重要词汇短语拓展与真题例句 1. political —— political system 政治体制（2023新高考I卷）“The country has a stable political system.” 2. convenient —— It is convenient for sb. to do 对某人来说做……方便（2022全国乙卷）“The location is convenient for shopping.” 3. assess —— assess the situation 评估形势（2021全国甲卷）“The teacher assessed the students' performance.” 4. astonish —— be astonished at 对……感到惊讶（2020全国II卷）“We were astonished at the news.” 5. guarantee —— guarantee to do 保证做；guarantee against 保证不（2019全国I卷）“The product is guaranteed for two years.” 6. decline —— decline an invitation 婉拒邀请；on the decline 在下降中（2018全国III卷）“The population of the city is declining.” 7. background —— family background 家庭背景（2022新高考I卷）“She has a strong academic background.” 8. mysterious —— mysterious disappearance 神秘失踪（2021新高考I卷）“The ancient temple has a mysterious history.” 9. block —— block the road 堵塞道路；a block of 一大块（2020全国I卷）“The road was blocked by fallen trees.” 10. emergency —— emergency exit 紧急出口；in an emergency 在紧急情况下（2019全国II卷）“The emergency services arrived quickly.” 11. sink —— sink into 陷入；sink or swim 成败靠自己（2018全国II卷）“His heart sank when he heard the news.” 12. abandon —— abandon hope 放弃希望；abandon oneself to 沉溺于（2023全国乙卷）“They were forced to abandon the project.” 13. adjust —— adjust to 适应；adjust oneself to 使自己适应（2022新高考II卷）“It takes time to adjust to the new climate.” 14. capital —— capital city 首都；capital investment 资本投资（2021全国乙卷）“Beijing is the capital of China.” 15. charm —— charm of ……的魅力；like a charm 非常有效（2020全国III卷）“The city has its own unique charm.” 四、选词填空 第一组（备选词：political, convenient, assess, astonish, guarantee, decline, background, mysterious, block, emergency） 1. The ______ situation in that country remains unstable due to ongoing conflicts. 2. Online banking makes it very ______ for people to pay their bills at any time. 3. It is important to ______ the potential risks before making any investment decision. 4. The magician's performance never fails to ______ the audience with its brilliance. 5. The store ______ that all its products are of high quality and will last for years. 6. According to the report, the number of endangered species continues to ______ each year. 7. Applicants for the position are required to provide information about their education ______. 8. A ______ figure was seen walking through the foggy park late at night. 9. The road was completely ______ by a fallen tree after the heavy storm. 10. In case of ______, please press the red button to call for help. 第二组（备选词：sink, abandon, adjust, capital, charm, abandoned, adjustable, charming, sinking, capitalize） 11. The ship began to ______ slowly after hitting the iceberg, and the passengers grew terrified. 12. The owner had to ______ the old house because it was too expensive to repair. 13. It took her a few weeks to ______ to the new working environment after she moved abroad. 14. Beijing is the ______ city of China, filled with historical and cultural treasures. 15. The old town's unique ______ attracts thousands of tourists from all over the world every year. 16. The ______ building stood empty for years before it was finally demolished. 17. The seat belt is ______ to fit people of different heights and sizes comfortably. 18. Her ______ smile and warm personality made everyone feel welcome at the party. 19. The company plans to ______ on the growing demand for eco-friendly products. 20. The passengers were forced to evacuate the ______ ship before it disappeared beneath the waves. 五、单词填空（语法填空或首字母填空，句子较长，设空位置分散） 1. The new policy, which aims to strengthen the country's ______ (political) stability, has been widely welcomed by the public. 2. Since the online shopping platform is very ______ (convenience), more and more elderly people are learning to use it. 3. Before we make any final decision, we need to conduct a careful ______ (assess) of all the available data and evidence. 4. To our great ______ (astonish), the little boy, who was only five years old, could solve such a complex maths problem. 5. The manufacturer ______ (guarantee) that the product will function properly for at least five years from the date of purchase. 6. The number of wild animals in this region ______ (decline) sharply over the past two decades due to deforestation. 7. Students who come from different cultural ______ (background) often bring fresh perspectives to classroom discussions. 8. The ______ (mysterious) of the ancient tomb has puzzled archaeologists for decades and remains unsolved. 9. Although there was a ______ (block) on the main road, we managed to arrive at the airport on time via a different route. 10. The firefighter acted bravely in the ______ (emergent) and successfully rescued all the people trapped inside the burning building. 六、语篇翻译 In the face of an emergency, we should not abandon our calmness. The first step is to assess the situation clearly. A person with a strong background in first aid can adjust to the needs of the victims quickly. Sometimes the situation may decline rapidly, and we must guarantee safety first. The political response to the crisis is also crucial. Although the cause of the disaster remains mysterious, we should not let fear block our thinking. The capital city has established a rapid response system. It is convenient for citizens to report problems through a special app. The true charm of humanity shines in moments of crisis. We should not sink into panic, but rather astonish others with our courage and wisdom. 七、核心词汇默写 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 301. 政治的 ____________ 302. 方便的；便利的 ____________ 303. 评定；评估 ____________ 304. 使惊讶；使吃惊 ____________ 305. 保证；担保 ____________ 306. 下降；衰退；拒绝 ____________ 307. 背景；出身背景；经历 ____________ 308. 神秘的；不可思议的 ____________ 309. 街区；阻塞；阻碍 ____________ 310. 突发事件；紧急情况 ____________ 311. 下沉；沉没；倒下 ____________ 312. 放弃；抛弃；遗弃 ____________ 313. 调节；调整；适应 ____________ 314. 首都；资本；大写的 ____________ 315. 魅力；吸引力 ____________ 八、词形变换默写 1. politics → ______（adj. 政治的）→ ______（adv. 政治上）→ ______（n. 政治家） 2. convenience → ______（adj. 方便的）→ ______（adv. 方便地）→ ______（adj. 不方便的） 3. assess → ______（n. 评估）→ ______（v. 重新评估） 4. astonish → ______（n. 惊讶）→ ______（adj. 惊讶的）→ ______（adj. 令人惊讶的） 5. guarantee → ______（n. 担保人） 6. decline → ______（adj. 下降中的） 7. mystery → ______（adj. 神秘的）→ ______（adv. 神秘地） 8. block → ______（n. 阻塞）→ ______（adj. 被阻塞的） 9. emerge → ______（n. 紧急情况）→ ______（v. 出现）→ ______（n. 出现） 10. adjust → ______（n. 调整）→ ______（adj. 可调节的） 11. charm → ______（adj. 迷人的） 【参考答案】 四、选词填空答案 第一组：1. political 2. convenient 3. assess 4. astonish 5. guarantees 6. decline 7. background 8. mysterious 9. blocked 10. emergency 第二组：11. sink 12. abandon 13. adjust 14. capital 15. charm 16. abandoned 17. adjustable 18. charming 19. capitalize 20. sinking 五、单词填空答案 1. political（形容词，政治稳定） 2. convenient（形容词，方便的） 3. assessment（名词，评估） 4. astonishment（名词，惊讶） 5. guarantees（动词三单，保证） 6. has declined（现在完成时，已经下降） 7. backgrounds（名词复数，背景） 8. mystery（名词，神秘） 9. blockage（名词，阻塞） 10. emergency（名词，紧急情况） 六、语篇翻译答案 面对紧急情况时，我们不应放弃冷静。第一步是清楚评估形势。具有扎实急救背景的人能迅速适应受害者的需求。有时情况可能迅速恶化，我们必须保证安全第一。政治层面的危机应对也至关重要。尽管灾难原因仍然神秘，我们不应让恐惧阻碍思考。首都已建立了快速响应系统。市民通过专用应用程序方便地报告问题。人性的真正魅力在危机时刻闪耀。我们不应陷入恐慌，而要用勇气和智慧令他人惊叹。 七、核心词汇默写答案 301. political 302. convenient 303. assess 304. astonish 305. guarantee 306. decline 307. background 308. mysterious 309. block 310. emergency 311. sink 312. abandon 313. adjust 314. capital 315. charm 八、词形变换默写答案 1. political, politically, politician 2. convenient, conveniently, inconvenient 3. assessment, reassess 4. astonishment, astonished, astonishing 5. guarantor 6. declining 7. mysterious, mysteriously 8. blockage, blocked 9. emergency, emerge, emergence 10. adjustment, adjustable 11. charming $