《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第15天-2027届高三英语一轮复习

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统梳理了211-225号核心词汇，从基础词义、词形变换到短语拓展及真题语境构建完整知识体系，通过问题导向的选词填空、单词填空等任务设计，引导学生自主整合词汇网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于多维自测诊断与语言能力培养，如设置选词填空、语篇翻译等真实语境练习，结合高考真题例句强化语言理解与表达能力，核心词汇默写任务助力学生自主诊断薄弱点，培养学习能力，教师可通过学情数据精准指导，支持因材施教。

《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第15天（词汇211-225） 一、核心词汇 211. response 【27次】 /rɪˈspɒns/ n.反应，回应；响应(to) 212. surround 【27次】 /səˈraʊnd/ v.包围；环绕 213. average 【27次】 /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj.平均的；普通的；平常的 n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准 214. smooth 【27次】 /smuːð/ v.使顺利，使光滑；adj.顺利的，光滑的 215. cast 【26次】 /kɑːst/ v.投掷；扔，掷，抛；投射（光、影子等）；分配（角色）；向...投以（视线、笑容等） 216. chemical 【26次】 /ˈkemɪkl/ adj.化学的；n.化学物质；化学制品 217. prison 【26次】 /ˈprɪzn/ n.监狱；监禁 218. purchase 【26次】 /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v.购买 n.购买；购得的物品 219. straight 【26次】 /streɪt/ adj.直的；直率的；连续的 adv.笔直地，成直线地；平正地；连续地 220. switch 【26次】 /swɪtʃ/ v.切换；转变；开关（操作）n.（电路的）开关，闸，转换器;（尤指突然彻底的）改变，转变 221. treatment 【26次】 /ˈtriːtmənt/ n.对待，待遇；治疗；处理 222. aware 【26次】 /əˈweə/ adj.意识到的，明白的；注意到的；察觉到的 223. narrow 【26次】 /ˈnærəʊ/ adj.狭窄的 v.使变窄；缩小 224. hire 【26次】 /ˈhaɪə/ v.雇用；租用 225. shoulder 【26次】 /ˈʃəʊldə/ n.肩膀；v.肩负；承担 二、词形变换 1. respond —— response n.回应 —— respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ v.回应 —— responsive /rɪˈspɒnsɪv/ adj.回应的；反应迅速的 —— responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n.责任 2. round —— surround v.包围 —— surrounding /səˈraʊndɪŋ/ adj.周围的 n.环境(常用复数) 3. average —— averagely adv.平均地 —— above average 高于平均水平 4. smooth —— smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ adv.顺利地 —— smoothness n.光滑；顺利 5. cast —— casting n.铸造；角色分配 6. chemistry —— chemical adj.化学的 —— chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n.化学家；药剂师 —— chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ n.化学 7. prison —— prisoner /ˈprɪzənə/ n.囚犯 —— imprison /ɪmˈprɪzn/ v.监禁 —— imprisonment n.监禁 8. purchase v.购买 —— purchaser /ˈpɜːtʃəsə/ n.购买者 —— purchasing n.购买 9. straight —— straighten /ˈstreɪtn/ v.弄直；整理 —— straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/ adj.简单的；直率的 10. switch —— switcher n.转换者 —— switchable adj.可转换的 11. treat —— treatment n.对待；治疗 —— treat /triːt/ v.对待；治疗 —— treatable /ˈtriːtəbl/ adj.可治疗的 12. aware —— awareness /əˈweənəs/ n.意识 —— unaware /ˌʌnəˈweə/ adj.未意识到的 13. narrow —— narrowly /ˈnærəʊli/ adv.狭窄地；勉强地 —— narrowness n.狭窄 14. hire —— hirer n.雇主 —— hireling n.雇员(贬义) 15. shoulder —— shoulder bag 肩包 —— shoulder-length adj.齐肩的 三、重要词汇短语拓展与真题例句 1. response —— in response to 回应；make a response 做出回应（2023新高考I卷）“She made no response to my question.” 2. surround —— be surrounded by 被……包围（2022全国乙卷）“The house is surrounded by trees.” 3. average —— on average 平均；above/below average 高于/低于平均水平（2021全国甲卷）“He is an average student.” 4. smooth —— smooth out 消除；smooth the way 铺平道路（2020全国II卷）“The process went smoothly.” 5. cast —— cast a shadow on 在……上投下阴影；cast a vote 投票（2019全国I卷）“The tree cast a long shadow on the ground.” 6. chemical —— chemical reaction 化学反应；chemical industry 化工（2018全国III卷）“The chemical factory caused pollution.” 7. prison —— in prison 在狱中；break prison 越狱（2022新高考I卷）“He spent ten years in prison.” 8. purchase —— make a purchase 购买（2021新高考I卷）“I purchased a new car last week.” 9. straight —— straight away 立刻；keep straight 保持笔直（2020全国I卷）“Go straight down the road.” 10. switch —— switch on/off 打开/关闭；switch to 切换到（2019全国II卷）“Please switch off your phone.” 11. treatment —— receive treatment 接受治疗；fair treatment 公平对待（2018全国II卷）“The patient is receiving medical treatment.” 12. aware —— be aware of 意识到（2023全国乙卷）“We should be aware of the risks.” 13. narrow —— narrow down 缩小范围；a narrow escape 死里逃生（2022新高考II卷）“The path is very narrow.” 14. hire —— hire a car 租车；hire workers 雇用工人（2021全国乙卷）“We hired a guide for the trip.” 15. shoulder —— shoulder the responsibility 承担责任（2020全国III卷）“He shouldered the blame for the mistake.” 四、选词填空 第一组（备选词：response, surround, average, smooth, cast, chemical, prison, purchase, straight, switch） 1. The government's ______ to the crisis was immediate and effective. 2. The garden is ______ by a high wall to keep out animals. 3. On ______, students in this school spend two hours on homework every day. 4. The new manager helped ______ the transition between departments. 5. The setting sun ______ a warm glow over the entire village. 6. Scientists are studying the ______ composition of the substance. 7. The criminal was sent to ______ for his crimes. 8. We plan to ______ a new computer for the office. 9. The road runs ______ for about two miles without any turns. 10. I want to ______ the TV channel to watch the football game. 第二组（备选词：treatment, aware, narrow, hire, shoulder, awareness, narrowly, treatable, unawares, hired） 11. The patient received excellent ______ at the hospital. 12. She was fully ______ of the dangers involved in the expedition. 13. The bridge was so ______ that only one car could pass at a time. 14. The company decided to ______ more engineers for the project. 15. As the manager, he had to ______ the responsibility for the failure. 16. Public ______ of environmental issues has increased greatly. 17. She ______ escaped from the burning building. 18. The ______ workers demanded better pay. 19. The disease is easily ______ if detected early. 20. The sudden noise caught me completely ______. 五、单词填空（语法填空或首字母填空） 1. His ______ (respond) to my question was very clear. 2. The house is ______ (surround) by beautiful gardens. 3. She is of ______ (average) height and weight. 4. The surface of the table is very ______ (smooth). 5. The ______ (cast) of the new movie has been announced. 6. The ______ (chemistry) factory was closed down due to safety concerns. 7. He was a ______ (prison) of war for three years. 8. The ______ (purchase) price of the house was very reasonable. 9. She walked ______ (straight) to the front of the room. 10. The ______ (switch) from gas to electric heating was expensive. 六、语篇翻译 The new manager was aware that the company needed a smooth transition. He decided to hire experienced staff and switch to a more efficient system. Some employees shouldered extra responsibilities during the change. The average worker felt relieved by the new policies. However, problems cast a shadow over the early days. The company had to purchase new equipment and treat workers with fair treatment. A narrow path of success lies ahead, but the entire team is ready. Surrounded by challenges, they remain optimistic. Their response to difficulties has been impressive. They have learned to straighten out problems one by one. This is not a prison of routine, but a gateway to growth. 七、核心词汇默写 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 211. 反应；回应 ____________ 212. 包围；环绕 ____________ 213. 平均的；平均数 ____________ 214. 顺利的；使顺利 ____________ 215. 投掷；投射；分配角色 ____________ 216. 化学的；化学物质 ____________ 217. 监狱；监禁 ____________ 218. 购买；购得的物品 ____________ 219. 直的；直接的；连续地 ____________ 220. 切换；转变；开关 ____________ 221. 对待；治疗；处理 ____________ 222. 意识到的；察觉到的 ____________ 223. 狭窄的；使变窄 ____________ 224. 雇用；租用 ____________ 225. 肩膀；肩负 ____________ 八、词形变换默写 1. respond → ______（n. 回应）→ ______（adj. 回应的）→ ______（n. 责任） 2. surround → ______（adj. 周围的）→ ______（n. 环境） 3. smooth → ______（adv. 顺利地）→ ______（n. 光滑） 4. chemical → ______（n. 化学家）→ ______（n. 化学） 5. prison → ______（n. 囚犯）→ ______（v. 监禁）→ ______（n. 监禁） 6. purchase → ______（n. 购买者） 7. straight → ______（v. 弄直）→ ______（adj. 简单的） 8. treat → ______（n. 对待）→ ______（adj. 可治疗的） 9. aware → ______（n. 意识）→ ______（adj. 未意识到的） 10. narrow → ______（adv. 狭窄地）→ ______（n. 狭窄） 【参考答案】 四、选词填空答案 第一组：1. response 2. surrounded 3. average 4. smooth 5. cast 6. chemical 7. prison 8. purchase 9. straight 10. switch 第二组：11. treatment 12. aware 13. narrow 14. hire 15. shoulder 16. awareness 17. narrowly 18. hired 19. treatable 20. unawares 五、单词填空答案 1. response 2. surrounded 3. average 4. smooth 5. cast 6. chemical 7. prisoner 8. purchase 9. straight 10. switching 六、语篇翻译答案 新经理意识到公司需要顺利过渡。他决定雇用有经验的员工并转向更高效的系统。在变革期间，一些员工承担了额外责任。普通员工对新政策感到宽慰。然而，问题在初期投下了阴影。公司不得不购买新设备并以公平的待遇对待工人。前方是一条狭窄的成功之路，但整个团队已做好准备。被挑战包围着，他们依然保持乐观。他们对困难的回应令人印象深刻。他们学会了一一理清问题。这不是牢笼，而是通往成长的大门。 七、核心词汇默写答案 211. response 212. surround 213. average 214. smooth 215. cast 216. chemical 217. prison 218. purchase 219. straight 220. switch 221. treatment 222. aware 223. narrow 224. hire 225. shoulder 八、词形变换默写答案 1. response, responsive, responsibility 2. surrounding, surroundings 3. smoothly, smoothness 4. chemist, chemistry 5. prisoner, imprison, imprisonment 6. purchaser 7. straighten, straightforward 8. treatment, treatable 9. awareness, unaware 10. narrowly, narrowness $