《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第9天 任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统梳理了15个核心词汇（121-135），构建“核心词汇—词形变换—短语拓展—真题应用”的递进式考点体系，通过任务驱动设计引导学生自主梳理词汇衍生关系，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于自主诊断与能力进阶设计，如设置选词填空、单词填空等自测工具，结合真题例句强化语言能力，语篇翻译任务提升综合运用能力。学生可通过答案对照自主纠错，教师能依据学情精准指导，助力培养自主复习习惯与个性化学习能力。

《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第9天（词汇121-135） 一、核心词汇 121. replace 【43次】 /rɪˈpleɪs/ v.取代；替换 122. greedy 【43次】 /ˈɡriːdi/ adj.贪婪的；贪心的 123. shock 【43次】 /ʃɒk/ n.震惊，冲击；电击；令人震惊的事 v.使震惊；使受冲击 124. judge 【42次】 /dʒʌdʒ/ v.判断；评判；n.法官，裁判 125. praise 【42次】 /preɪz/ n.称赞；赞美；v.称赞；赞美 126. recover 【42次】 /rɪˈkʌvə/ v.恢复；康复 127. confuse 【42次】 /kənˈfjuːz/ v.使困惑；混淆 128. spot 【42次】 /spɒt/ n.地点；斑点；v.发现；认出 129. attempt 【42次】 /əˈtempt/ v.企图，尝试 n.尝试；努力 130. available 【42次】 /əˈveɪləbl/ adj.可用的；可得到的 131. destruction 【42次】 /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n.破坏，毁灭 132. construct 【41次】 /kənˈstrʌkt/ v.建造，构造 133. function 【41次】 /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ n.功能；作用；v.起作用；运行 134. argument 【41次】 /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ n.论点；争论，辩论；争吵 135. labor 【40次】 /ˈleɪbə/ n.劳力；劳动 二、词形变换 1. place —— replace v.取代 —— replacement /rɪˈpleɪsmənt/ n.替换 —— replaceable /rɪˈpleɪsəbl/ adj.可替换的 2. greed —— greedy adj.贪婪的 —— greedily /ˈɡriːdɪli/ adv.贪婪地 3. shock —— shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj.令人震惊的 —— shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj.震惊的 —— shocker n.令人震惊的事 4. judge —— judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ n.判断 —— judgmental /dʒʌdʒˈmentl/ adj.评头论足的 5. praise —— praiseworthy /ˈpreɪzwɜːði/ adj.值得赞扬的 —— praiser n.赞美者 6. cover —— recover v.恢复 —— recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n.恢复 —— recoverable adj.可恢复的 7. confuse —— confusion /kənˈfjuːʒn/ n.困惑 —— confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj.困惑的 —— confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adj.令人困惑的 8. spot —— spotless /ˈspɒtləs/ adj.一尘不染的 —— spotted /ˈspɒtɪd/ adj.有斑点的 9. attempt —— attempted /əˈtemptɪd/ adj.未遂的 —— attemptable adj.可尝试的 10. avail —— available adj.可用的 —— availability /əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/ n.可用性 —— unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbl/ adj.不可用的 11. destroy —— destruction n.破坏 —— destructive /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ adj.破坏性的 —— destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v.破坏 12. construct —— construction /kənˈstrʌkʃn/ n.建造 —— constructive /kənˈstrʌktɪv/ adj.建设性的 —— constructor n.建造者 13. function —— functional /ˈfʌŋkʃənl/ adj.功能的 —— functionally adv.功能上 14. argue —— argument n.论点 —— arguable /ˈɑːɡjuəbl/ adj.可论证的 —— arguably /ˈɑːɡjuəbli/ adv.可以说 15. labor —— laborer /ˈleɪbərə/ n.劳动者 —— laborious /ləˈbɔːriəs/ adj.费力的 三、重要词汇短语拓展与真题例句 1. replace —— replace...with... 用……取代……（2023全国乙卷）“We replaced the old system with a new one.” 2. greedy —— be greedy for 贪求（2022新高考I卷）“He was greedy for power and money.” 3. shock —— in shock 震惊地；shock sb. into doing 使某人震惊而做（2021全国甲卷）“The news shocked everyone.” 4. judge —— judge by 根据……判断（2020全国II卷）“Don't judge a person by appearance.” 5. praise —— praise sb. for 因……赞扬某人（2019全国I卷）“The teacher praised him for his hard work.” 6. recover —— recover from 从……中恢复（2018全国III卷）“She recovered from the illness quickly.” 7. confuse —— confuse...with... 把……和……混淆（2022新高考II卷）“I often confuse him with his brother.” 8. spot —— spot the difference 找出差异；on the spot 当场（2021新高考I卷）“She spotted a mistake in the report.” 9. attempt —— attempt to do 试图做（2020全国I卷）“He attempted to climb the mountain alone.” 10. available —— be available to 对……可用（2023新高考I卷）“The book is available in the library.” 11. destruction —— cause destruction 造成破坏（2019全国II卷）“The war caused widespread destruction.” 12. construct —— construct a building 建造建筑（2018全国II卷）“They constructed a new bridge over the river.” 13. function —— function as 起……作用（2017全国III卷）“The room functions as a study.” 14. argument —— have an argument 争吵；support an argument 支持论点（2021全国乙卷）“They had a heated argument about politics.” 15. labor —— labor force 劳动力；labor market 劳动力市场（2019全国III卷）“The labor market is competitive.” 四、选词填空 第一组（备选词：replace, greedy, shock, judge, praise, recover, confuse, spot, attempt, available） 1. The old library will be ______ with a modern one next year. 2. He is so ______ that he wants to take everything for himself. 3. The sudden death of the famous actor sent a ______ through the world. 4. We should not ______ a person based only on his or her appearance. 5. The students ______ the teacher for her patience and kindness. 6. It took her several weeks to ______ from the operation. 7. Don't ______ the two words; they have different meanings. 8. The police managed to ______ the criminal in a crowded train station. 9. The prisoner ______ to escape from jail three times. 10. Free coffee is ______ to all guests in the hotel. 第二组（备选词：destruction, construct, function, argument, labor, destructive, construction, functional, arguable, laborer） 11. The earthquake caused great ______ to the city. 12. The company plans to ______ a new factory in the suburbs. 13. The brain ______ like a powerful computer. 14. They had a long ______ about which method was better. 15. The ______ force in this industry is mainly young people. 16. The storm was so ______ that many houses were destroyed. 17. The ______ of the bridge will take two years. 18. The new kitchen design is very ______ and beautiful. 19. It is ______ whether this policy will bring benefits. 20. A ______ works hard to earn a living. 五、单词填空（语法填空或首字母填空） 1. The ______ (replace) of the broken part was not easy. 2. His ______ (greedy) for money made him lose many friends. 3. The news was so ______ (shock) that everyone sat in silence. 4. Her ______ (judge) of the situation proved to be correct. 5. The book received high ______ (praise) from critics. 6. The patient's ______ (recover) surprised all the doctors. 7. There was great ______ (confuse) about the new rules. 8. He was caught in the ______ (attempt) to steal the painting. 9. The ______ (available) of tickets was limited. 10. The ______ (destroy) of the rainforest is a serious concern. 六、语篇翻译 After the earthquake, the destruction was beyond imagination. Rescue teams quickly arrived to construct temporary shelters for survivors. The local government announced that all necessary resources were available. However, some greedy individuals attempted to take advantage of the situation. Volunteers gathered at the scene to offer help. A shock wave of emotion spread through the nation as people saw the recovery efforts. The firefighters functioned as both rescuers and healers. There was no time for argument; everyone focused on saving lives. Many laborers worked around the clock. We should praise their courage and judge their actions as heroic. This disaster showed that hope can always replace despair when we stand together. 七、核心词汇默写 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 121. 取代；替换 ____________ 122. 贪婪的 ____________ 123. 震惊；冲击 ____________ 124. 判断；法官 ____________ 125. 称赞；赞美 ____________ 126. 恢复；康复 ____________ 127. 使困惑；混淆 ____________ 128. 地点；发现 ____________ 129. 尝试；企图 ____________ 130. 可用的；可得到的 ____________ 131. 破坏；毁灭 ____________ 132. 建造；构造 ____________ 133. 功能；起作用 ____________ 134. 论点；争论 ____________ 135. 劳力；劳动 ____________ 八、词形变换默写 1. replace → ______（n. 替换）→ ______（adj. 可替换的） 2. greedy → ______（adv. 贪婪地）→ ______（n. 贪婪） 3. shock → ______（adj. 令人震惊的）→ ______（adj. 震惊的） 4. judge → ______（n. 判断）→ ______（adj. 评头论足的） 5. recover → ______（n. 恢复）→ ______（adj. 可恢复的） 6. confuse → ______（n. 困惑）→ ______（adj. 令人困惑的）→ ______（adj. 困惑的） 7. destroy → ______（n. 破坏）→ ______（adj. 破坏性的） 8. construct → ______（n. 建造）→ ______（adj. 建设性的） 9. argue → ______（n. 论点）→ ______（adj. 可论证的） 10. labor → ______（n. 劳动者）→ ______（adj. 费力的） 【参考答案】 四、选词填空答案 第一组：1. replaced 2. greedy 3. shock 4. judge 5. praised 6. recover 7. confuse 8. spot 9. attempted 10. available 第二组：11. destruction 12. construct 13. functions 14. argument 15. labor 16. destructive 17. construction 18. functional 19. arguable 20. laborer 五、单词填空答案 1. replacement 2. greed 3. shocking 4. judgement 5. praise 6. recovery 7. confusion 8. attempt 9. availability 10. destruction 六、语篇翻译答案 地震发生后，破坏超乎想象。救援队迅速赶到现场，建造临时避难所。当地政府宣布所有必要资源均可获得。然而，一些贪婪的人企图利用这种局面。志愿者聚集在现场提供帮助。当人们看到恢复努力时，一阵情感冲击波传播到全国。消防员既充当救援者又充当治疗者。没有时间争吵；每个人都专注于拯救生命。许多劳动者夜以继日地工作。我们应赞扬他们的勇气，并将他们的行为判断为英勇。这场灾难表明，当我们团结一致时，希望总能取代绝望。 七、核心词汇默写答案 121. replace 122. greedy 123. shock 124. judge 125. praise 126. recover 127. confuse 128. spot 129. attempt 130. available 131. destruction 132. construct 133. function 134. argument 135. labor 八、词形变换默写答案 1. replacement, replaceable 2. greedily, greed 3. shocking, shocked 4. judgement, judgmental 5. recovery, recoverable 6. confusion, confusing, confused 7. destruction, destructive 8. construction, constructive 9. argument, arguable 10. laborer, laborious $