Unit 6 Earth and Beyond课时 5 Grammar in Use 部分课时练习 2026-2027学年仁爱科普版八年级英语上册

**基本信息** 本练习围绕Unit 6语法目标，采用"词汇基础-语法应用-语篇综合"三层递进设计，梯度清晰，适配新授课巩固需求，有效提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|核心词汇（单词、词组默写）|通过音标/中文提示强化词汇记忆，夯实语言基础| |巩固层|语法应用（词性转换、比较级/最高级、句型补全）|结合单元主题（行星、死谷）训练语法规则，提升语言运用准确性| |提升层|语篇综合（阅读理解、完形填空、翻译）|通过科普短文（恒星亮度、行星对比）培养语篇分析与逻辑推理能力，深化思维品质|

2026-2027学年仁爱版八年级上 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 课时5 Grammar in Use 部分课时练习 一、单词默写（根据音标或中文写出英文单词） 1. ________ /rɪˈspɒnsəbɪləti/ n. 责任；负责 2. ________ /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 相关的；有联系的 3. ________ /ɪkˌsplɔːˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索；勘探 4. ________ /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展；开发 5. ________ /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 工业；生产制造 6. ________ /fɪl/ v.（使）充满 7. ________ /djuː/ adj. 由于；因为 8. ________ /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 9. ________ /ˈvæli/ n. 山谷 10. ________ /ləʊ/ adj. 低的 二、词组默写（根据中文写出英文词组） 1. 在科学探索中 __________________________ 2. 与……有关 __________________________ 3. 下降到 __________________________ 4. 以……而闻名 __________________________ 5. 由于；因为 __________________________ 6. 比……低 __________________________ 三、根据要求完成句子（用所给中文提示补全英文句子，每空一词） 1. 细心和责任感在科学探索中起着重要作用。 ______ and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration. 2. 恒星的亮度与它的大小有关。 The ______ of a star is related to its size. 3. 太空工业的发展将带来更多的商业机会。 The development of the space industry will bring more ______. 4. 金星以它的亮度而闻名。 Venus is known for its ______. 5. 水星比地球小，而且比地球更靠近太阳。 Mercury is ______ than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth. 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Carefulness and ______ (responsible) play an important role in scientific exploration. 2. The ______ (bright) of a star is related to its size. 3. The development of the space industry will bring more ______ (busy) and create more jobs. 4. Many stars shine in the ______ (dark). What a beautiful night! 5. Nature can fill our lives with real joy, peace and ______ (happy). 6. The Death Valley is known as the ______ (hot) place on the earth. 7. Mercury is ______ (small) than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth. 8. Venus is known for its brightness and it is ______ (beautiful) than many other planets. 五、单项选择（从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项） ( )1. The ______ of a star is related to its size. A. bright B. brighter C. brightness D. brightly ( )2. Mercury is ______ planet to the Sun. A. close B. closer C. closest D. the closest ( )3. The Death Valley is known as the ______ place in North America. A. dry B. drier C. driest D. more dry ( )4. The high cost is a big ______ in space exploration. A. weak B. weakness C. weakly D. weaker ( )5. Venus is ______ than Earth in size. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest ( )6. The temperature on Mercury can drop down to -173°C at night. Its ______ is due to its thin air. A. hot B. hotter C. hotness D. coldness ( )7. Jupiter is ______ planet in the solar system. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest ( )8. Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific ______. A. explore B. exploring C. exploration D. explored 六、翻译句子（根据中文提示完成英文句子） 1. 细心和责任感在科学探索中起着重要作用。 Carefulness and responsibility __________________________________________. 2. 恒星的亮度与它的大小有关。 The brightness of a star ______________________________________________. 3. 水星比地球更靠近太阳。 Mercury is __________________________________________________________. 4. 大自然可以给我们的生活带来真正的快乐、和平与幸福。 Nature can ________________________________________________________. 5. 死谷是地球上最热的地方。 The Death Valley is ________________________________________________. 七、阅读理解（共3篇短文，每篇5个小题，每题仅有一个最佳选项） A   The Brightness of Stars When we look up at the night sky, some stars appear brighter than others. The brightness of a star is related to its size. Generally speaking, larger stars are brighter than smaller ones. However, distance also plays a role. A small star that is close to us may appear brighter than a large star that is far away. The Sun is a medium-sized star, but it appears very bright to us because it is so close. Some stars are much larger than the Sun, but they look like tiny dots because they are very far away. Scientists study the brightness of stars to learn more about the universe. By comparing the apparent brightness (how bright a star looks from Earth) with its actual brightness (how bright it really is), scientists can figure out how far away a star is. This method has helped astronomers map the universe and discover many new stars and galaxies. The study of star brightness is a key part of modern astronomy. ( )1. What is the brightness of a star related to? A. Its age and color. B. Its size and distance. C. Its temperature and age. D. Its distance and color. ( )2. The underlined word "medium-sized" in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A. very large B. very small C. middle in size D. the smallest ( )3. Why does the Sun appear very bright to us? A. Because it is the largest star. B. Because it is very close to us. C. Because it is very hot. D. Because it is very old. ( )4. What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. The Sun is the brightest star in the universe. B. Scientists have discovered all the stars in the universe. C. Studying star brightness helps scientists understand the universe better. D. Apparent brightness is more important than actual brightness. ( )5. How is the passage organized? A. By comparing two different types of stars. B. By explaining a scientific concept and its application. C. By telling a story about a scientist. D. By giving a list of star names. B   Mercury and Venus — Two Neighbors of the Sun Mercury and Venus are the two planets closest to the Sun in our solar system. Despite their similar position, they are very different from each other. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system. Because of its closeness to the Sun and its small size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth. It often gets lost in the Sun's glare. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its brightness and beauty. People can see it clearly at night on Earth, often called the "Evening Star" or "Morning Star." Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, even hotter than Mercury, because its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect. Mercury has almost no atmosphere, so its temperature changes wildly — during the day it can reach 430°C, but at night it drops to -173°C. These two planets are very different from each other — one is a tiny, airless world with extreme temperatures, while the other is a bright, hot planet with a thick atmosphere. ( )6. Which planet is the smallest in the solar system? A. Venus. B. Mars. C. Mercury. D. Earth. ( )7. The underlined word "runaway" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. slow and steady B. uncontrolled and increasing C. small and weak D. hidden and secret ( )8. Why is Venus hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun? A. Because Venus is larger. B. Because Venus has a thick atmosphere that traps heat. C. Because Venus rotates faster. D. Because Venus is made of different materials. ( )9. What can we infer about Mercury's surface? A. It is covered with water. B. It is always very hot. C. It experiences huge temperature differences. D. It is very bright and easy to see. ( )10. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain why Venus is called the "Evening Star." B. To compare and contrast two neighboring planets. C. To describe the surface of Mercury. D. To prove that Venus is the hottest planet. C   Death Valley — A Land of Extremes Death Valley, located in California, USA, is known as the hottest place on Earth and the driest place in North America. On July 10, 1913, the highest air temperature of 134°F (56.7°C) was recorded here — a record that still stands today. In summer, the average rainfall in Death Valley is less than 5 centimeters. However, winter and spring are relatively wetter, making the weather more comfortable for visitors. Despite its name and extreme conditions, Death Valley is not completely lifeless. Many plants and animals have adapted to survive in this harsh environment. The valley is home to over 1,000 species of plants, including the famous Joshua trees, and many animals such as coyotes, lizards, and bighorn sheep. These creatures have learned to live with very little water and extreme temperatures. Interestingly, the higher areas of the valley are cooler than the lower ones. Death Valley also contains some of the most beautiful and unusual landscapes in the world, including colorful rocks, sand dunes, and salt flats. It is a place of extreme beauty and extreme conditions. ( )11. What is Death Valley known for? A. The lowest temperature on Earth. B. The hottest and driest conditions in North America. C. The highest rainfall in the world. D. The largest desert in the world. ( )12. The underlined word "adapted" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. given up B. changed to fit C. struggled against D. escaped from ( )13. How much rain does Death Valley get in summer on average? A. More than 5 centimeters. B. Exactly 5 centimeters. C. Less than 5 centimeters. D. About 10 centimeters. ( )14. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Death Valley is always hot everywhere. B. The higher areas are cooler than the lower ones. C. Visitors should only go in summer. D. Death Valley has no plants at all. ( )15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Death Valley is a dangerous place that no one should visit. B. Death Valley is a place of extreme conditions but also has life and beauty. C. Death Valley only has extreme temperatures. D. Death Valley is the driest place in the world. 八、完形填空（阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项） The Death Valley is known as the (1) ______ place on the earth and the (2) ______ place in North America. In 1913, the highest air temperature of 134°F (56.7°C) (3) ______ a record here. In summer, the average rainfall in the Death Valley is (4) ______ than 5cm. But winter and spring are (5) ______ and the weather is more comfortable. Higher places are (6) ______ than the lower areas in the valley. The (7) ______ of the Death Valley is due to its extreme conditions. However, many plants and animals have (8) ______ to live there. The (9) ______ of life in such a harsh place is truly amazing. Scientists study this area to understand how life can (10) ______ in extreme environments. ( )1. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. most hot ( )2. A. dry B. drier C. driest D. more dry ( )3. A. reach B. reaches C. reached D. reaching ( )4. A. little B. less C. least D. more ( )5. A. wet B. wetter C. wettest D. more wet ( )6. A. cool B. cooler C. coolest D. more cool ( )7. A. hot B. hotness C. coldness D. dryness ( )8. A. adapt B. adapted C. adapting D. adapts ( )9. A. exist B. exists C. existence D. existed ( )10. A. survive B. survives C. survived D. surviving 九、阅读综合（阅读下面的短文，先判断正误，再回答问题） Space Exploration Space exploration is an important field of science. It requires carefulness and responsibility from scientists. The development of the space industry has brought many benefits to our lives. Satellites help us with communication and weather forecasting. The brightness of stars can tell scientists a lot about the universe. However, space exploration also has challenges. The high cost is a big weakness in space exploration. Scientists are working hard to overcome these problems. With the development of technology, space exploration will become easier and more affordable in the future. Part A: 判断正误（正确写 T，错误写 F） ( )1. Space exploration requires carefulness and responsibility. ( )2. The development of the space industry has brought few benefits. ( )3. The brightness of stars can tell scientists about the universe. ( )4. The high cost is not a problem in space exploration. ( )5. Space exploration will become easier in the future. Part B: 根据短文回答问题（每题答案不超过6个单词） 6. What does space exploration require from scientists?   7. What do satellites help us with?   8. What is a big weakness in space exploration?   9. What can the brightness of stars tell scientists?   10. Will space exploration become easier or harder in the future?   参考答案 一、单词默写 1. responsibility 2. related 3. exploration 4. development 5. industry 6. fill 7. due 8. death 9. valley 10. low 二、词组默写 1. in scientific exploration 2. be related to 3. drop down to 4. be known for 5. due to 6. lower than 三、根据要求完成句子 1. Carefulness 2. brightness 3. business 4. brightness 5. smaller 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. responsibility 2. brightness 3. business 4. darkness 5. happiness 6. hottest 7. smaller 8. more beautiful 五、单项选择 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. C 六、翻译句子 1. play an important role in scientific exploration. 2. is related to its size. 3. closer to the Sun than Earth. 4. fill our lives with real joy, peace and happiness. 5. the hottest place on the earth. 七、阅读理解 A篇：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B B篇：6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B C篇：11. B 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. B 八、完形填空 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 九、阅读综合 Part A: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T Part B: 6. Carefulness and responsibility. 7. Communication and weather. 8. The high cost. 9. About the universe. 10. Easier. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $