Unit 6 课时5 Grammar in Use（分层作业）英语仁爱科普版2024八年级上册

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 课时5 Grammar in Use分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 词汇 1.r esponsibility n.责任；负责 2. related adj.相关的;有联系的 3. exploration n.探索；勘探 4. development n.发展；开发 5. industry n.工业；生产制造 6. fill v.（使）充满 7. due adj.由于；因为 8. death n.死；死亡 9. valley n.山谷 10. rainfall n.降雨量；下雨 11. low adj.低的 句型 1. Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration. 细致和责任心在科学探索中扮演着重要角色。 2. Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to live and work in space. 身体和心理的健康状况对于科学家在太空生活和工作至关重要。 3. The brightness of a star is related to its size. The larger, the brighter. 恒星的亮度与其大小有关。越大，越亮。 4. What are the differences between Mercury and Earth? 水星和地球有什么区别？ Yes, I know that! It is the closest planet to the Sun. 是的，我知道！它是离太阳最近的行星。 5. Mercury is smaller than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth. 水星比地球小，且比地球离太阳更近。 Yes, so it's also much hotter than Earth. 是的，所以它也比地球热得多。 ) 一、单项选择 1．China won more gold medals than ________ in Europe (欧洲) in the Paris Olympic Games in the summer holiday. A．any other country B．the other countries C．other country D．any country 2．Digital technology makes the lives of the disabled ________. A．more easily B．much easier C．more easier D．much easily 3．He is ________ than any other student in his class, so he is ________ student.​ A．taller; tallest B．taller; the tallest​ C．the tallest; taller D．the tallest; the tallest​ 4．—What’s the number of clubs in our school?   —Far ________ than you thought. A．larger B．more C．less D．fewer 5．In the Reading Week, I read the most books in our class. No one reads ________ books than I. A．many B．more C．few D．fewer 6．There are two watches here. Which one do you like ________? A．well B．better C．best 7．—How hard you are working, Nancy! —I think ________ we are, ________ we will be. A．the more hard-working; the luckiest B．the hard-working; the lucky C．more hard-working; luckier D．the more hard-working; the luckier 8．Can you do work better with ________ time and ________ people? A．fewer; less B．few; fewer C．less; fewer D．little; less 9．His house is ________ from the library than mine, so he often rides a bike there. A．far B．farther C．farthest D．the farthest 10．—You are growing ________. —Quite right. I have been in a basketball club for one year. A．tall and tall B．taller and tall C．taller and taller D．tall and taller 11．Nothing is ________ than practising reading if you want to learn English well. A．very important B．the most important C．more important D．as important as 12．The more you smile, the ________ you will feel. A．happy B．happily C．more happily D．happier 13．It’s said that ________ you are to others, ________ people will respect you. A．politer; more B．the politer; the more C．the more politer; the most D．the more polite; more 14．Now the after-school service is in use properly, and students are sure to have ________ homework and ________ free time after than before. A．less; fewer B．fewer; less C．less; more D．more; fewer 15．I think traveling by train is the second ________ and far ________ than a rushed trip by air. A．most comfortable, most enjoyable B．more comfortable, more enjoyable C．more comfortable, most enjoyable D．most comfortable, more enjoyable 16．He knows only ________ about Russian and his sister knows even ________. A．a little; more B．a little; less C．little; little D．more; less 17．—Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest city; any other B．the biggest cities; any other C．the biggest city; the other D．the biggest cities; the other 18．Lou spent ________ money but bought ________ food than Lily. A．fewer; much B．less; more C．fewer; more D．less; much 19．If we don’t do anything, the number of rare animals will become ________. A．more and more B．fewer and fewer C．bigger and bigger D．smaller and smaller 20．Some people want to have more farms and buildings. As a result, there will be ________ space for the wildlife. A．larger and larger B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．worse and worse 二、完成句子 21．英国学生暑假休息周数比美国学生更少。 British students for the summer holiday than American students. 22．在电视上看网球比赛比打网球安全得多。 Watching tennis matches on TV is playing tennis. 23．你学习越努力，你就越幸运。（完成译句） The you study, the you will be. 24．迈克认为数学比物理更难得多。 Mike thinks math is much than physics. 25．对我们来说很难想象宇宙有多大，因为它比我们在地球上看到的任何东西都要大得多。 imagine how huge the universe is because it’s much bigger than anything we can see on Earth. 一、完形填空 Biny liked to look at the stars before he went to sleep. He didn’t know that in space, there was an alien spaceship. It was flying very fast towards the 1 . The aliens looked strange with long teeth. They didn’t like their planet, which was polluted so seriously. They wanted to move to a new planet like the Earth. So they 2 an invasion (入侵). The next morning, Biny 3 for school. As he walked, he looked up at the sky. “Why is the sky blue in the day but 4 at night?” wondered Biny. At school, he looked out of the window. But he didn’t know that some 5 were coming. Biny walked home from school. He went into the garden to read his favorite book. The aliens were really close now. “Prepare to invade,” shouted the alien captain. The spaceship flew down 6 towards Biny. Biny heard some sound close by but he thought it must be an insect (昆虫). The alien captain saw a good place to land his 7 , which was white and flat with black characters. Then Biny saw something tiny land on the page of his book. He thought it was a small fly. The aliens came out of their spaceship and were very 8 to be on the new planet. Then they saw a pair of big eyes looking down at them. Just then, they knew they were no 9 than tiny insects on the Earth. But it was too late. Biny 10 his book. The aliens had no chance to go out. 1．A．Earth B．Mars C．moon D．sun 2．A．changed B．planned C．bought D．asked 3．A．cut off B．set off C．gave off D．turned off 4．A．red B．blue C．black D．white 5．A．friends B．teachers C．men D．aliens 6．A．strangely B．personally C．commonly D．quickly 7．A．bike B．plane C．spaceship D．car 8．A．happy B．stupid C．worried D．lovely 9．A．slower B．bigger C．cuter D．simpler 10．A．opened B．left C．forgot D．closed 二、阅读理解 A Being patient was not what Hana did best. So when her grandmother told her she could have a baby cat four weeks later, “How will I know when four weeks is?”. “________,” smiled her brother Randy. That sounded interesting. “How?” Hana asked. “What does the moon look like now?” said Randy. “It’s a full moon.” Hana said. “Will it still be full tomorrow?” said Randy. Hana thought for a while. “Well, almost. But it will be a little bit smaller. I think.” “That’s right,” Randy said. “And it’ll keep getting smaller until we can’t see it at all! And then it’ll come back when it’s just a thin and tiny moon, and it’ll get fatter and fatter until it’s full again! By the next full moon, it’ll be time to get your baby cat.” Hana decided to draw the moon every day. Her first picture was round, full and golden. Then the moon started getting thinner. “Say good night to the gibbous moon. That’s what the moon is called when it’s less than full but more than half,” Dad said one night. Every day Hana drew more pictures. When the moon was covered with clouds, she drew clouds instead. Then a clear night came when there was no moon anywhere, so Hana drew a cat instead. Now every night the moon got bigger and bigger. “You know Luna is another name for the moon,” her mom said. “Luna, Luna, Luna,” Hana sang. It was a pretty name. Finally the night came when Hana covered her paper with a huge, round, golden moon, just like her first picture. The most exciting moment came—Hana chose a black baby cat. It was black like the night and its eyes shone like the moon. She named it Luna. 11．Which of the following is the best to fill in the “________”? A．Use the paper B．Use the moon C．Use the watch D．Use the calendar 12．Why did Randy tell Hana how the moon changed in a month? A．To teach Hana to be patient. B．To stop the baby cat’s coming. C．To tell her when four weeks is. D．To show that he was knowledgeable. 13．How long is a full moon cycle (周期) according to Randy? A．About 28 days. B．Exactly 30 days. C．Less than four weeks. D．More than a month. 14．Which of the following pictures shows “the gibbous moon” according to the text? A．B．C． D． 15．In which order did Hana’s feelings change in the text? A．happy→impatient→interested→excited B．happy→excited→impatient→interested C．impatient→interested→happy→excited D．impatient→happy→excited→interested B An asteroid (小行星) as big as a plane will pass near Earth next week, but NASA experts say there’s no need to worry. Named 2025 OW, the space rock is about 210 feet long. It will fly by on July 28, at a distance of roughly 393,000 miles—1.6 times farther than the Moon’s average distance from Earth. Though it travels at 46,908 miles per hour, scientists call this normal. “This is very routine,” said Ian J. O’Neill from NASA．“If there was real danger, we would tell the public immediately through our blog.” Davide Farnocchia, another NASA expert, explained that such close passes are common. “Asteroids pass by Earth all the time—it’s part of how our solar system works,” he said. His team tracks several asteroids weekly; next week alone, they’re watching five. While 2025 OW is large enough to interest scientists, its path is well-known. “We know exactly where it will go, even for the next 100 years,” O’Neill added. Sadly, 2025 OW won’t be visible with binoculars. But Farnocchia mentioned a more exciting event: In April 2029, asteroid Apophis will come much closer—only 38,000 kilometers from Earth, even closer than some satellites. About 1,115 feet long, it will be visible to the naked eye. NASA notes that Earth gets hit by about 100 tons of space dust daily, but most is harmless. Big, dangerous hits are very rare. “An asteroid like 2025 OW might come close yearly, but hitting Earth happens only once every 10,000 years,” Farnocchia said. NASA keeps watching these objects to keep the public informed. 16．How far will asteroid 2025 OW be from Earth when it passes by? A．210 feet. B．393,000 miles. C．38,000 kilometers. D．1.6 miles. 17．Why do NASA experts think 2025 OW is not dangerous? A．It is too small to cause harm. B．It will pass by very quickly. C．Its orbit is clearly understood. D．It will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. 18．What is NASA’s attitude towards asteroid close approaches? A．Worried. B．Curious. C．Relaxed. D．Uninterested. 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Now there are eight 1 in the solar system and Pluto is not included (包括) in it. By the distance 2 the Sun, Pluto is the furthest planet. It 3 to be known as the smallest planet in our solar system. Pluto 4 in 1930, and was named by an eleven-year-old girl from England. Pluto is only half as 5 as the United States. This planet takes 248 earth years 6 around the sun. It means we need 6. 5 earth days 7 a day on Pluto. The temperature on Pluto is 8 low that Earth air would turn into ice soon. Pluto is in an area of space called the Kuiper Belt—which has thousands of small, 9 objects. The gravity on Pluto is less strong than that on Earth. So fat persons may 10 to move there, they would weigh much less on Pluto. 1．A．planets’ B．planet C．planets 2．A．to B．from C．on 3．A．use B．used C．was used 4．A．is discovered B．was discovered C．will be discovered 5．A．wide B．wider C．widest 6．A．travel B．traveling C．to travel 7．A．to spend B．spends C．spent 8．A．so B．such C．much 9．A．icy B．ice C．ices 10．A．prefer B．prefers C．preferred 二、短文填空 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Except Pluto (冥王星), there 11 eight planets in the solar system now, including Earth. By the distance from the Sun from close to far, they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto used to be known as 12 smallest planet in our solar system, and the furthest planet from the Sun. Pluto was discovered in 1930, and was named by an eleven-year-old girl from England. Pluto is only half 13 wide as the United States. This planet takes 248 earth years to travel around the Sun. It means we need 6. 5 earth days to spend a day on Pluto. Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth is. Pluto is in an area of space called the Kuiper Belt 14 has thousands of small, icy objects. The temperature on Pluto is 15 low that Earth air would turn into ice soon. The gravity on Pluto is less stronger than that on Earth. So fat persons may prefer to move there, they would weigh much less on Pluto. 三、选词填空 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 circle  widely  discover  remain  correct Mars (火星) is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet of the solar system (太阳系). It is 16 known as the red planet because of its red appearance. In many ways, Mars can be considered as the Earth’s brother. On the surface of Mars, we have 17 the tallest mountain in the solar system. It is named Olympus Mons. A day on Mars lasts about 24.6 hours. A year on Mars, however, or the time that takes for the red planet to 18 our sun, lasts about 687 Earth days. People once believed that there was life on Mars, which was not 19 . It turned out to be wrong. Is there life on Mars? It still 20 a mystery to this day. 一、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下列各题。 What do you know about Mars（火星）? What does it look like? Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system（太阳系）and is named after the Roman god of war. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. You can tell which planet is Mars because it is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky. It’s very beautiful. But during spring and summer, the surface of it is covered by strong storms. The gravity（重力）on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. So a person who weighs 90 kilos on earth weighs only 36 kilos on Mars. The temperature on Mars is between -138℃ and 28℃. The air has only 0.13% oxygen. Scientists are still searching for more information about Mars. 1．Who is Mars named after?（根据短文内容回答问题） 2．How can you tell which planet is Mars?（根据短文内容回答问题） 3．Why does a person who weighs 90 kilos on the earth weigh only 36 kilos on Mars? 4．In the passage, the underlined word “it” refers to . 5．Do you think people may live on Mars in the future? Why?（不超过20个词） ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 课时5 Grammar in Use分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 词汇 1.r esponsibility n.责任；负责 2. related adj.相关的;有联系的 3. exploration n.探索；勘探 4. development n.发展；开发 5. industry n.工业；生产制造 6. fill v.（使）充满 7. due adj.由于；因为 8. death n.死；死亡 9. valley n.山谷 10. rainfall n.降雨量；下雨 11. low adj.低的 句型 1. Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration. 细致和责任心在科学探索中扮演着重要角色。 2. Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to live and work in space. 身体和心理的健康状况对于科学家在太空生活和工作至关重要。 3. The brightness of a star is related to its size. The larger, the brighter. 恒星的亮度与其大小有关。越大，越亮。 4. What are the differences between Mercury and Earth? 水星和地球有什么区别？ Yes, I know that! It is the closest planet to the Sun. 是的，我知道！它是离太阳最近的行星。 5. Mercury is smaller than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth. 水星比地球小，且比地球离太阳更近。 Yes, so it's also much hotter than Earth. 是的，所以它也比地球热得多。 ) 一、单项选择 1．China won more gold medals than ________ in Europe (欧洲) in the Paris Olympic Games in the summer holiday. A．any other country B．the other countries C．other country D．any country 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在暑假期间的巴黎奥运会上，中国获得的金牌数比欧洲任何一个国家都多。 考查比较级结构中的范围限定。根据“China won more gold medals than...in Europe”，中国和欧洲国家是不同范围的比较，中国不属于欧洲，所以在和欧洲国家比较时，用“any country”（欧洲范围内的任何国家），表示中国的金牌数比欧洲的每一个国家都多。选项A“any other country”用于同一范围内比较（此处中国与欧洲国家属于不同大洲），不符合逻辑；选项B“the other countries”特指“其余所有国家”，与“in Europe”范围限定冲突；选项C“other country”缺少限定词，语法错误。故选D。 2．Digital technology makes the lives of the disabled ________. A．more easily B．much easier C．more easier D．much easily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：数字技术使残疾人的生活更容易。 考查形容词的用法和比较级的修饰词。easily容易地，副词；easier更容易的，形容词比较级。make sth+adj表示“使……怎么样”，空处用形容词比较级easier，用much修饰。故选B。 3．He is ________ than any other student in his class, so he is ________ student.​ A．taller; tallest B．taller; the tallest​ C．the tallest; taller D．the tallest; the tallest​ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他比班上任何其他学生都高，所以他是最高的学生。 考查形容词比较级和最高级。taller更高的，形容词比较级；the tallest最高的，形容词最高级。根据“than”可知，第一空应用比较级形式；根据“he is...student”可知，此处是“他是班里最高的学生”的含义，且形容词最高级前要加定冠词the。故选B。 4．—What’s the number of clubs in our school?   —Far ________ than you thought. A．larger B．more C．less D．fewer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们学校里面社团数量是多少？——远比你想的还要多。 考查比较级用法。此处修饰数量的大小，要用large或者small，根据than可知，此处应用large比较级larger。故选A。 5．In the Reading Week, I read the most books in our class. No one reads ________ books than I. A．many B．more C．few D．fewer 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在阅读周，我读了班上最多的书。没有人读的书比我多。 考查比较级用法。many许多的；more更多的；few少的；fewer更少的。根据than可知，此处用形容词比较级，根据“In the Reading Week, I read the most books in our class.”可知，没人比“我”读的书多。故选B。 6．There are two watches here. Which one do you like ________? A．well B．better C．best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这里有两个手表。你更喜欢哪个？ 考查副词比较级。根据“two watches”可知，这里指的是两个手表更喜欢哪个，用比较级形式。故选B。 7．—How hard you are working, Nancy! —I think ________ we are, ________ we will be. A．the more hard-working; the luckiest B．the hard-working; the lucky C．more hard-working; luckier D．the more hard-working; the luckier 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Nancy，你工作真努力！——我认为我们越努力，就会越幸运。 考查比较级句型。根据“I think ... we are, ... we will be.”可知此处用“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”表示“越……就越……”。故选D。 8．Can you do work better with ________ time and ________ people? A．fewer; less B．few; fewer C．less; fewer D．little; less 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能用更少的时间和更少的人把工作做得更好吗？ 考查形容词比较级的用法。fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词复数；less是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词。题干中“time”是不可数名词，用less修饰；“people”是可数名词复数，用fewer修饰。根据语境可知，此处表达用更少的时间和更少的人把工作做得更好，所以两个空都应用比较级形式。故选C。 9．His house is ________ from the library than mine, so he often rides a bike there. A．far B．farther C．farthest D．the farthest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他家离图书馆比我家远，所以他经常骑自行车去那里。考查比较级。根据“than”可知，空处应是比较级形式，farther符合语境。故选B。 10．—You are growing ________. —Quite right. I have been in a basketball club for one year. A．tall and tall B．taller and tall C．taller and taller D．tall and taller 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你越来越高了。——非常正确。我在篮球俱乐部已经一年了。 考查比较级。根据“You are growing”可知是长得越来越高了，用结构“比较级+and+比较级”。故选C。 11．Nothing is ________ than practising reading if you want to learn English well. A．very important B．the most important C．more important D．as important as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你想学好英语，没有什么比练习阅读更重要了。考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式，C项符合。故选C。 12．The more you smile, the ________ you will feel. A．happy B．happily C．more happily D．happier 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你笑得越多，你就会感到越开心。 考查形容词比较级。happy开心的；happily开心地；more happily更开心地；happier更开心的。此处是“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构，表示“越……越……”。此处是作feel的表语，应用形容词比较级。故选D。 13．It’s said that ________ you are to others, ________ people will respect you. A．politer; more B．the politer; the more C．the more politer; the most D．the more polite; more 【答案】B 【详解】句意：据说你对别人越有礼貌，人们就会越尊重你。 考查比较级。politer更礼貌的；more更，更多；the politer更礼貌的；the more更，更多；the more politer更礼貌的；the most最，最多。根据“...you are to others...people will respect you.”可知，你对别人越有礼貌，人们就会越尊重你，此处为“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构，表示“越……，越……”。故选B。 14．Now the after-school service is in use properly, and students are sure to have ________ homework and ________ free time after than before. A．less; fewer B．fewer; less C．less; more D．more; fewer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今课后服务已规范运行，学生们的作业肯定会比以前更少，空闲时间也会比以前更多。 考查形容词比较级及不可数名词修饰词用法。less更少的，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少的，修饰可数名词复数；more更多的，修饰可数或不可数名词。根据“Now the after-school service is in use properly, and students are sure to have...homework and...free time after than before.”可知，第一空，此处表示“更少的”作业，句中“homework”是不可数名词，使用“less”；第二空，作业更少，空闲时间应该“更多”，“free time”表示“空闲时间”，是不可数名词，使用“more”。故选C。 15．I think traveling by train is the second ________ and far ________ than a rushed trip by air. A．most comfortable, most enjoyable B．more comfortable, more enjoyable C．more comfortable, most enjoyable D．most comfortable, more enjoyable 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为乘火车旅行是第二舒适的，比匆忙的乘飞机旅行愉快得多。 考查最高级和比较级。“the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级”是固定搭配，表示“第几最……”，第一个空用最高级most comfortable；根据“than”可知，第二个空用比较级more enjoyable。故选D。 16．He knows only ________ about Russian and his sister knows even ________. A．a little; more B．a little; less C．little; little D．more; less 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他对俄语只知道一点点，而他妹妹知道的甚至更少。 考查代词辨析。a little一点，表示肯定意义；more更多，much的比较级；less更少，little的比较级；little少，表示否定意义。第一个空根据“He knows only...”可知此处表示“只知道一点点”，应选表示肯定意义的“a little”（虽然少但有一些）；第二空根据“even....”可知是与前文比较，用比较级，表示“更少”，故选“less”。故选B。 17．—Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest city; any other B．the biggest cities; any other C．the biggest city; the other D．the biggest cities; the other 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗？——是的，它比中国任何其他城市都大。 考查one of句型及形容词比较级。the biggest city最大的城市；any other其他任何；the biggest cities最大的城市；the other另一个。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“……中最……之一”，第一空用the biggest cities；“any other+可数名词单数”表示“任何其他的……”，用于同一范围内的比较，上海属于中国，所以用any other。故选B。 18．Lou spent ________ money but bought ________ food than Lily. A．fewer; much B．less; more C．fewer; more D．less; much 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Lou花得钱少，但买的食物比Lily多。 考查比较级用法。fewer更少；修饰可数名词；much多，修饰不可数名词；less更少，修饰不可数名词；more更多，为many/much的比较级。根据than可知，此处使用形容词比较级。第一空修饰不可数名词money，结合but可知，前后句是转折关系，所以第一空表示“花更少的钱”，用less修饰；第二空修饰不可数名词food，需much的比较级more。故选B。 19．If we don’t do anything, the number of rare animals will become ________. A．more and more B．fewer and fewer C．bigger and bigger D．smaller and smaller 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果我们什么都不做，稀有动物的数量将会变得越来越少。考查形容词比较级。more and more越来越多；fewer and fewer越来越少；bigger and bigger越来越大；smaller and smaller越来越小。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰的是“the number of rare animals”，即“稀有动物的数量”，数量只能用大小来表示，而不能用多少来表示，故排除B选项；又因为根据语境可知，如果不采取措施，稀有动物的数量将会越来越少，而不是越来越多或越来越大，所以A、C选项不符合语境，可排除。故选D。 20．Some people want to have more farms and buildings. As a result, there will be ________ space for the wildlife. A．larger and larger B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．worse and worse 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有些人想要更多的农场和建筑。因此，野生动物的生存空间将越来越少。 考查比较级。larger and larger越来越大；fewer and fewer越来越少；less and less越来越少；worse and worse越来越糟。根据“Some people want to have more farms and buildings. As a result, there will be ... space for the wildlife.”可知，野生动物的生存空间将越来越少，space为不可数名词，应用less and less修饰。故选C。 二、完成句子 21．英国学生暑假休息周数比美国学生更少。 British students for the summer holiday than American students. 【答案】have fewer weeks off 【详解】根据句意可知，此处要表达的是“休息周数更少”，“休息”可以用“have...off”这个短语来表示，“周数”即“weeks”，因为是和美国学生比较，且周数可数，更少的周数要用“fewer”来修饰“weeks”（fewer用于修饰可数名词复数），所以整体表达为“have fewer weeks off” 。故填have fewer weeks off。 22．在电视上看网球比赛比打网球安全得多。 Watching tennis matches on TV is playing tennis. 【答案】much safer than 【详解】根据句意可知，此处存在比较关系，表示“在电视上看网球比赛”比“打网球”要“安全得多”，用“much safer than”结构来表达这种比较，其中“much”用来修饰比较级“safer”，表示程度上的加强。故填much safer than。 23．你学习越努力，你就越幸运。（完成译句） The you study, the you will be. 【答案】 harder luckier 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“越努力……越幸运”的英文。本句为固定句型“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”，意为“越……，就越……” ，hard意为“努力”，其比较级为harder；lucky意为“幸运的”，其比较级为luckier。故填harder；luckier。 24．迈克认为数学比物理更难得多。 Mike thinks math is much than physics. 【答案】more difficult 【详解】根据题干可知，空处缺少“难得多”，应用形容词difficult表示“难的”，其比较级为more difficult。故填more difficult。 25．对我们来说很难想象宇宙有多大，因为它比我们在地球上看到的任何东西都要大得多。 imagine how huge the universe is because it’s much bigger than anything we can see on Earth. 【答案】It is difficult for us to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“对我们来说很难”的英文内容。“对某人来说做某事很难”是固定句型，英文表达为“It is difficult for sb. to do sth.”，其中“sb.”此处指代“我们”，使用“us”，句中“imagine”为动词原形，符合句型中“to do sth.”的结构要求。故填It is difficult for us to。 一、完形填空 Biny liked to look at the stars before he went to sleep. He didn’t know that in space, there was an alien spaceship. It was flying very fast towards the 1 . The aliens looked strange with long teeth. They didn’t like their planet, which was polluted so seriously. They wanted to move to a new planet like the Earth. So they 2 an invasion (入侵). The next morning, Biny 3 for school. As he walked, he looked up at the sky. “Why is the sky blue in the day but 4 at night?” wondered Biny. At school, he looked out of the window. But he didn’t know that some 5 were coming. Biny walked home from school. He went into the garden to read his favorite book. The aliens were really close now. “Prepare to invade,” shouted the alien captain. The spaceship flew down 6 towards Biny. Biny heard some sound close by but he thought it must be an insect (昆虫). The alien captain saw a good place to land his 7 , which was white and flat with black characters. Then Biny saw something tiny land on the page of his book. He thought it was a small fly. The aliens came out of their spaceship and were very 8 to be on the new planet. Then they saw a pair of big eyes looking down at them. Just then, they knew they were no 9 than tiny insects on the Earth. But it was too late. Biny 10 his book. The aliens had no chance to go out. 1．A．Earth B．Mars C．moon D．sun 2．A．changed B．planned C．bought D．asked 3．A．cut off B．set off C．gave off D．turned off 4．A．red B．blue C．black D．white 5．A．friends B．teachers C．men D．aliens 6．A．strangely B．personally C．commonly D．quickly 7．A．bike B．plane C．spaceship D．car 8．A．happy B．stupid C．worried D．lovely 9．A．slower B．bigger C．cuter D．simpler 10．A．opened B．left C．forgot D．closed 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了一群外星人计划入侵地球，却最终落入Biny书中的故事。 1．句意：外星飞船正飞速飞向地球。 Earth地球；Mars火星；moon月球；sun太阳。根据“They wanted to move to a new planet like the Earth.”可知，飞船飞向地球。故选A。 2．句意：所以外星人计划入侵地球。 changed改变；planned计划；bought买；asked问。根据“They wanted to move to a new planet like the Earth. So they...”因为他们想要搬到像地球一样的星球，所以他们计划入侵地球。故选B。 3．句意：第二天，Biny出发上学。 cut off隔断；set off出发；gave off散发(光、气味等)；turned off关闭。根据“...for school.”可知，他出发上学。故选B。 4．句意：为什么天空在白天是蓝色的而在夜晚是黑色的？ red红色；blue蓝色；black黑色；white白色。根据“Why is the sky blue in the day but...at night?”及常识可知，为何白天天空蓝，晚上黑。故选C。 5．句意：但是他不知道一些外星人将要到来。 friends朋友；teachers老师；men男人；alients外星人。根据下文“The aliens were really close now.”可知，外星人将要到来。故选D。 6．句意：飞船迅速飞向Biny。 stangely奇怪地；personally个人地；commonly共同地；quickly快速地。根据“The spaceship flew down...towards Biny.”可知，飞船是快速飞向Biny。故选D。 7．句意：外星飞船船长选择了一个白色平坦并刻有黑字的好地方降落他的飞船。 bike自行车；plane飞机；spaceship飞船；car小汽车。根据下文“The aliens came out of their spaceship”可知，他降落了他的飞船。故选C。 8．句意：外星人从他们的飞船里出来，非常高兴到达新的星球。 happy开心的；stupid愚蠢的；worried担忧的；lovely可爱的。根据上文“They wanted to move to a new planet like the Earth.”可知，他们想要搬到像地球一样的星球，所以到了新的星球会很开心。故选A。 9．句意：这时他们才知道，自己和地球上微小的昆虫相比差不多。 slower更慢的；bigger更大的；cuter更可爱的；simpler更简单的。根据“...than tiny insects on the Earth.”可知，与地球上微小的昆虫从体型上相比，他们并不大。故选B。 10．句意：Biny合上了书。 opened打开；left离开；forgot忘记；closed关闭。根据“The aliens had no chance to go out.”可知，他们没机会出去，故推测出Biny合上了书。故选D。 二、阅读理解 A Being patient was not what Hana did best. So when her grandmother told her she could have a baby cat four weeks later, “How will I know when four weeks is?”. “________,” smiled her brother Randy. That sounded interesting. “How?” Hana asked. “What does the moon look like now?” said Randy. “It’s a full moon.” Hana said. “Will it still be full tomorrow?” said Randy. Hana thought for a while. “Well, almost. But it will be a little bit smaller. I think.” “That’s right,” Randy said. “And it’ll keep getting smaller until we can’t see it at all! And then it’ll come back when it’s just a thin and tiny moon, and it’ll get fatter and fatter until it’s full again! By the next full moon, it’ll be time to get your baby cat.” Hana decided to draw the moon every day. Her first picture was round, full and golden. Then the moon started getting thinner. “Say good night to the gibbous moon. That’s what the moon is called when it’s less than full but more than half,” Dad said one night. Every day Hana drew more pictures. When the moon was covered with clouds, she drew clouds instead. Then a clear night came when there was no moon anywhere, so Hana drew a cat instead. Now every night the moon got bigger and bigger. “You know Luna is another name for the moon,” her mom said. “Luna, Luna, Luna,” Hana sang. It was a pretty name. Finally the night came when Hana covered her paper with a huge, round, golden moon, just like her first picture. The most exciting moment came—Hana chose a black baby cat. It was black like the night and its eyes shone like the moon. She named it Luna. 11．Which of the following is the best to fill in the “________”? A．Use the paper B．Use the moon C．Use the watch D．Use the calendar 12．Why did Randy tell Hana how the moon changed in a month? A．To teach Hana to be patient. B．To stop the baby cat’s coming. C．To tell her when four weeks is. D．To show that he was knowledgeable. 13．How long is a full moon cycle (周期) according to Randy? A．About 28 days. B．Exactly 30 days. C．Less than four weeks. D．More than a month. 14．Which of the following pictures shows “the gibbous moon” according to the text? A．B．C． D． 15．In which order did Hana’s feelings change in the text? A．happy→impatient→interested→excited B．happy→excited→impatient→interested C．impatient→interested→happy→excited D．impatient→happy→excited→interested 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了Hana通过观察月亮变化来等待小猫的故事，展现了她的耐心成长过程。 11．细节理解题。根据后文Randy让Hana观察月亮变化的情节可知，此处应填入与月亮相关的内容。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据全文内容，Randy通过教Hana观察月亮变化来帮助她理解四周的时间长度，主要目的是教会她耐心等待。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据“By the next full moon”和月亮周期常识可知，一个完整的月相周期约为28天。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“That’s what the moon is called when it’s less than full but more than half”可知，凸月是介于满月和半月之间的月相。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据开篇“Being patient was not what Hana did best”体现impatient；听到月亮计时方法时“interesting”体现interested；画月亮过程中体现happy；最后得到小猫时体现excited。故选C。 B An asteroid (小行星) as big as a plane will pass near Earth next week, but NASA experts say there’s no need to worry. Named 2025 OW, the space rock is about 210 feet long. It will fly by on July 28, at a distance of roughly 393,000 miles—1.6 times farther than the Moon’s average distance from Earth. Though it travels at 46,908 miles per hour, scientists call this normal. “This is very routine,” said Ian J. O’Neill from NASA．“If there was real danger, we would tell the public immediately through our blog.” Davide Farnocchia, another NASA expert, explained that such close passes are common. “Asteroids pass by Earth all the time—it’s part of how our solar system works,” he said. His team tracks several asteroids weekly; next week alone, they’re watching five. While 2025 OW is large enough to interest scientists, its path is well-known. “We know exactly where it will go, even for the next 100 years,” O’Neill added. Sadly, 2025 OW won’t be visible with binoculars. But Farnocchia mentioned a more exciting event: In April 2029, asteroid Apophis will come much closer—only 38,000 kilometers from Earth, even closer than some satellites. About 1,115 feet long, it will be visible to the naked eye. NASA notes that Earth gets hit by about 100 tons of space dust daily, but most is harmless. Big, dangerous hits are very rare. “An asteroid like 2025 OW might come close yearly, but hitting Earth happens only once every 10,000 years,” Farnocchia said. NASA keeps watching these objects to keep the public informed. 16．How far will asteroid 2025 OW be from Earth when it passes by? A．210 feet. B．393,000 miles. C．38,000 kilometers. D．1.6 miles. 17．Why do NASA experts think 2025 OW is not dangerous? A．It is too small to cause harm. B．It will pass by very quickly. C．Its orbit is clearly understood. D．It will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. 18．What is NASA’s attitude towards asteroid close approaches? A．Worried. B．Curious. C．Relaxed. D．Uninterested. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了NASA专家称，名为2025OW的小行星下周将近距离掠过地球且无危险，此类情况常见，同时提及2029年另一小行星将更近且可见，地球常被太空尘埃撞击但多无害，NASA会持续监测。 16．细节理解题。根据“Named 2025 OW, the space rock is about 210 feet long. It will fly by on July 28, at a distance of roughly 393,000 miles-1.6 times farther than the Moon’s average distance from Earth.”可知，小行星2025 OW飞过时与地球的距离约为393,000英里。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“While 2025 OW is large enough to interest scientists, its path is well-known. ‘We know exactly where it will go, even for the next 100 years,’ O’Neill added.”可知，美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的专家认为2025 OW没有危险，是因为它的运行轨迹非常明确，人们能精确知道它未来的走向。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据“An asteroid (小行星) as big as a plane will pass near Earth next week, but NASA experts say there’s no need to worry.”“‘This is very routine,’ said Ian J. O’Neill from NASA.”以及“NASA keeps watching these objects to keep the public informed.”可知，NASA专家表示无需担心小行星2025 OW的接近，还称这种情况很常规，并且会持续监测相关天体以告知公众，由此可判断NASA对小行星近距离接近地球的态度是放松的。故选C。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Now there are eight 1 in the solar system and Pluto is not included (包括) in it. By the distance 2 the Sun, Pluto is the furthest planet. It 3 to be known as the smallest planet in our solar system. Pluto 4 in 1930, and was named by an eleven-year-old girl from England. Pluto is only half as 5 as the United States. This planet takes 248 earth years 6 around the sun. It means we need 6. 5 earth days 7 a day on Pluto. The temperature on Pluto is 8 low that Earth air would turn into ice soon. Pluto is in an area of space called the Kuiper Belt—which has thousands of small, 9 objects. The gravity on Pluto is less strong than that on Earth. So fat persons may 10 to move there, they would weigh much less on Pluto. 1．A．planets’ B．planet C．planets 2．A．to B．from C．on 3．A．use B．used C．was used 4．A．is discovered B．was discovered C．will be discovered 5．A．wide B．wider C．widest 6．A．travel B．traveling C．to travel 7．A．to spend B．spends C．spent 8．A．so B．such C．much 9．A．icy B．ice C．ices 10．A．prefer B．prefers C．preferred 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了冥王星。 1．句意：现在太阳系有八颗行星，冥王星不包括在内。 planets’复数名词所有格；planet单数名词；planets复数名词。eight后复数名词。故选C。 2．句意：从距离太阳的角度来看，冥王星是距离太阳最远的行星。 to到；from从；on在。根据“By the distance ... the Sun, Pluto is the furthest planet.”可知，此处指从太阳到冥王星的距离。故选B。 3．句意：它曾经被认为是太阳系中最小的行星。 use一般现在时；used一般过去时；was used一般过去时的被动语态。used to“曾经”，固定短语，符合语境。故选B。 4．句意：冥王星于1930年被发现，并由一位11岁的英国女孩命名。 is discovered一般现在时的被动语态；was discovered一般过去时的被动语态；will be discovered一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in 1930”可知时态是一般过去时。故选B。 5．句意：冥王星的宽度只有美国的一半。 wide原级；wider比较级；widest最高级。as...as“和……一样”，此处用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 6．句意：这颗行星绕太阳一周需要248个地球年。 travel动词原形；travelling动名词；to travel动词不定式。“物+take+时间+to do”表示“花费一段时间做某事”。故选C。 7．句意：这意味着我们需要6.5个地球日在冥王星上待一天。 to spend动词不定式；spends动词第三人称单数形式；spent过去式。need sth to do“需要某物来做某事”。故选A。 8．句意：冥王星的温度很低，地球上的空气很快就会变成冰。 so如此，后加形容词或副词；such如此，后加名词短语；much许多，后加不可数名词。so+形容词或副词+that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。故选A。 9．句意：冥王星位于一个被称为柯伊伯带的空间区域，那里有成千上万个小而冰冷的物体。 icy冰冷的，形容词；ice冰，单数名词、不可数名词；ices复数形式。此处应用形容词修饰名词objects。故选A。 10．句意：所以肥胖的人可能更喜欢搬到那里去，他们在冥王星上的体重会轻得多。 prefer动词原形；prefers动词第三人称单数形式；preferred动词过去式。情态动词may后加动词原形。故选A。 二、短文填空 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Except Pluto (冥王星), there 11 eight planets in the solar system now, including Earth. By the distance from the Sun from close to far, they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto used to be known as 12 smallest planet in our solar system, and the furthest planet from the Sun. Pluto was discovered in 1930, and was named by an eleven-year-old girl from England. Pluto is only half 13 wide as the United States. This planet takes 248 earth years to travel around the Sun. It means we need 6. 5 earth days to spend a day on Pluto. Pluto is about 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth is. Pluto is in an area of space called the Kuiper Belt 14 has thousands of small, icy objects. The temperature on Pluto is 15 low that Earth air would turn into ice soon. The gravity on Pluto is less stronger than that on Earth. So fat persons may prefer to move there, they would weigh much less on Pluto. 【答案】11．are 12．the 13．as 14．which/that 15．so 【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳系中的冥王星。 11．句意：现在太阳系中除了冥王星，还有八颗行星，包括地球。根据题干可知，此句是there be句型，意为“有”，由“now”可知，此句用一般现在时，主语“eight planets”是复数，所以be动词用are，故填are。 12．句意：冥王星曾被称为太阳系中最小的行星，也是离太阳最远的行星。空格后“smallest”是形容词最高级，前面要加定冠词the，故填the。 13．句意：冥王星只有美国的一半宽。此句是“as…as…”结构，意为“和……一样……”，固定短语，中间接形容词或副词原级，故填as。 14．句意：冥王星位于一个被称为柯伊伯带的空间区域，那里有成千上万的小冰冷物体。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个定语从句，先行词“space”是物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that引导该定语从句，故填which/that。 15．句意：冥王星上的温度很低，地球的空气很快就会变成冰。此句是“so…that…”结构，意为“如此……以致于……”，固定短语，引导结果状语从句，故填so。 三、选词填空 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 circle  widely  discover  remain  correct Mars (火星) is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet of the solar system (太阳系). It is 16 known as the red planet because of its red appearance. In many ways, Mars can be considered as the Earth’s brother. On the surface of Mars, we have 17 the tallest mountain in the solar system. It is named Olympus Mons. A day on Mars lasts about 24.6 hours. A year on Mars, however, or the time that takes for the red planet to 18 our sun, lasts about 687 Earth days. People once believed that there was life on Mars, which was not 19 . It turned out to be wrong. Is there life on Mars? It still 20 a mystery to this day. 【答案】16．widely 17．discovered 18．circle 19．correct 20．remains 【导语】本文介绍关于火星的相关内容。 16．句意：由于它的红色外观，它被广泛地称为红色星球。根据“It is...known as the red planet because of its red appearance.”和备选词可知，它被广泛地称为红色星球，widely“广泛地”符合语境，故填widely。 17．句意：在火星表面，我们发现了太阳系最高的山。根据“On the surface of Mars, we have...the tallest mountain in the solar system.”和备选词可知，发现了太阳系最高的山，discover“发现”，时态是现在完成时，动词用过去分词形式，故填discovered。 18．句意：然而，火星上的一年，或者说这颗红色行星绕太阳一圈的时间，大约是687个地球日。根据“A year on Mars, however, or the time that takes for the red planet to...our sun, lasts about 687 Earth days.”和备选词可知，这颗红色行星着绕太阳，circle“围绕”符合语境，故填circle。 19．句意：人们曾经相信火星上有生命，这是不正确的。根据“People once believed that there was life on Mars, which was not...”和备选词可知，火星上有生命是不正确的，correct“正确的”，在句中作表语，故填correct。 20．句意：直到今天它仍然是个谜。根据“It still...a mystery to this day.”和备选词可知，直到今天它仍然是个谜，remain“保持不变”，时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单，故填remains。 一、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下列各题。 What do you know about Mars（火星）? What does it look like? Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system（太阳系）and is named after the Roman god of war. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. You can tell which planet is Mars because it is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky. It’s very beautiful. But during spring and summer, the surface of it is covered by strong storms. The gravity（重力）on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. So a person who weighs 90 kilos on earth weighs only 36 kilos on Mars. The temperature on Mars is between -138℃ and 28℃. The air has only 0.13% oxygen. Scientists are still searching for more information about Mars. 1．Who is Mars named after?（根据短文内容回答问题） 2．How can you tell which planet is Mars?（根据短文内容回答问题） 3．Why does a person who weighs 90 kilos on the earth weigh only 36 kilos on Mars? 4．In the passage, the underlined word “it” refers to . 5．Do you think people may live on Mars in the future? Why?（不超过20个词） 【答案】 1． The Roman god of war. 2． Mars is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky. 3． Because the gravity on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. 4． the gravity 5．No, I don’t. Because the air has only 0.13% oxygen on Mars. 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星。 1．根据“Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system（太阳系）and is named after the Roman god of war”可知，火星以罗马战神命名。故填The Roman god of war. 2．根据“You can tell which planet is Mars because it is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky”可知，你能分辨出哪颗行星是火星，因为它是鲜红色的，在夜空中看起来像一个红橙色相间的球。故填Mars is bright red and looks like a red and orange ball in the night sky. 3．根据“The gravity（重力）on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. So a person who weighs 90 kilos on earth weighs only 36 kilos on Mars”可知，火星表面的重力大约是地球表面的2/5。所以一个在地球上重90公斤的人在火星上只有36公斤。故填Because the gravity on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth. 4．根据“The gravity（重力）on the surface of Mars is about 2/5 as strong as it is on the earth”可知，火星表面的重力大约是地球表面重力的2/5，故此处的it指“重力”。故填the gravity。 5．根据“The air has only 0.13% oxygen”可知，空气中只有0.13%的氧气，故我认为人们将来不太可能住在火星上。故填No, I don’t. Because the air has only 0.13% oxygen on Mars.（此题为开放题，答案言之有理即可） ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $