Unit 8 The world of literature 重点词汇核心考点精讲(讲义)2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新教材译林版

2026-08-05
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版九年级上册
年级 九年级
章节 Unit 8 The world of literature
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 68 KB
发布时间 2026-08-05
更新时间 2026-08-05
作者 名远教育·通往星辰
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-08-05
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/59084623.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过词性分类框架与结构化考点梳理构建知识体系,将30个重点单词按名词、动词、形容词等类别系统划分,并用表格归纳词性特征,借助思维导图呈现每个单词的固定搭配、同义转换、中考考点等逻辑脉络,清晰展现重难点分布与内在联系。 讲义的亮点在于“考点分层设计”,如针对“classic”设置多义辨析、同义转换等梯度考点,结合课本原句引导学生在语境中理解,培养语言能力。通过“run out of”与“run out”的句法对比,提升学生分析与推断的思维品质。每个单词配中考真题示例,基础学生可掌握核心用法,优秀学生能拓展辨析能力,为教师实施分层教学提供精准支持。

内容正文:

9AU8重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 classic 1 short story 2 take one's time 3 against 3 branch 4 bedside 5 anger 5 make sense 6 have (...) to do with 7 apartment 8 masterpiece 8 fool 9 remain 10 widely 10 run out of 11 fair 12 act 13 seat 13 throne 14 unable 14 enemy 15 writing 15 image 16 lasting 17 show up 17 mirror 18 knock 18 hurry up 19 doorbell 19 ring 20 词性分类 【名词 (n.)】branch、bedside、anger、apartment、masterpiece、fool、fair、act、throne、enemy、writing、image、mirror、knock、doorbell 【动词 (v.)】remain (vi.)、seat (vt.)、ring (vi./vt.&vi.) 【形容词 (adj.)】classic、unable、lasting 【副词 (adv.)】widely 【介词 (prep.)】against 【短语】short story、take one's time、make sense、have (...) to do with、run out of、show up、hurry up classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 最优秀的;典型的;典雅的 课本原句:What type of literature do you like best? — I like short stories best. 考点一 固定搭配:classic example / classic work 说明:classic 作形容词表示“典型的”或“最优秀的”时,常与 example、work、novel 等名词连用。 例句:Oliver Twist is a classic work of English literature. 考点二 辨析:classic 与 classical 的区别 说明:classic 表示“经典的、典型的”,强调经得起时间考验;classical 强调“古典的”,常指古希腊罗马文化或古典音乐等传统艺术形式。 例句:This is a classic novel, but it has nothing to do with classical music. 考点三 一词多义:classic 的三种形容词含义 说明:classic 可表示“最优秀的”(如 a classic film)、“典型的”(如 a classic example)、或“典雅的”(如 a classic style)。根据上下文判断具体含义。 例句:The dress has a classic design that never goes out of fashion. 考点四 classic 也可作名词使用 说明:classic 作名词时表示“经典作品”或“名著”,为可数名词。也可用复数形式 classics 表示“经典著作”。 例句:The short story "The Last Leaf" is considered a classic. 考点五 中考常考:classic 作形容词修饰名词 说明:中考完形填空和阅读理解中常出现 classic 修饰名词的用法,需能根据上下文判断其含义是“经典的”还是“典型的”。 例句:This is a classic mistake that many students make in exams. 考点六 同义转换:classic = typical / representative 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。classic 作形容词表示“典型的”时可替换为 typical 或 representative,均表示典型的、有代表性的。 例句:Hamlet is a classic example of a tragedy. (= Hamlet is a typical example of a tragedy.) short story — 短语 短篇小说 课本原句:I like short stories best because I can read them even when I'm busy. They're not too long, but they still have interesting characters and exciting events. 考点一 固定搭配:write / read / tell a short story 说明:short story 是一个复合名词短语,可被冠词、形容词等修饰,常与 read、write、tell 等动词搭配。 例句:My grandfather often told me short stories when I was a child. 考点二 辨析:short story、novel、poem、play 四种文学体裁 说明:short story(短篇小说)篇幅较短,通常只有一条故事线;novel(长篇小说)篇幅长,人物和情节更复杂;poem(诗歌)注重韵律和语言美感;play(戏剧)以对话为主,用于舞台表演。 例句:Unlike a novel, a short story can usually be read in one sitting. 考点三 语法点:short story 为可数名词短语 说明:short story 是可数名词短语,复数形式为 short stories。“短篇小说集”可表达为 a collection of short stories。 例句:O. Henry wrote hundreds of short stories in his lifetime. 考点四 表达:a short story writer / a short story collection 说明:short story writer 表示“短篇小说作家”,short story collection 表示“短篇小说集”。这些固定表达在文学类文章中很常见。 例句:She is one of the most famous short story writers in the world. 考点五 同义转换:short story = brief tale / short tale 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。short story 可替换为 brief tale 或 short tale,均表示短篇小说。 例句:I like reading short stories. (= I like reading brief tales.) take one's time — 短语 从容不迫,慢慢来 课本原句:If you take your time, you'll find the beauty in it. 考点一 固定搭配:take one's time (in) doing sth 说明:take one's time 表示“从容不迫地做某事”,后面可接 (in) doing sth,其中 in 常省略。one's 根据主语变为 my / your / his / her 等。 例句:She took her time choosing the right gift for her best friend. 考点二 辨析:take one's time 与 take time 的区别 说明:take one's time 强调“不慌不忙、从容”的态度;take time 则指“花费时间”这个客观事实,不带感情色彩。两者含义有重要区别。 例句:Learning a language takes time, so take your time and enjoy the process. 考点三 语法点:one's 的随主语变化 说明:take one's time 中的 one's 必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:I take my time. / He takes his time. / They take their time. 例句:You don't need to hurry — just take your time and check your answers. 考点四 同义表达:don't rush / slow down / at your own pace 说明:take your time 在口语中常用来劝别人“别急、慢慢来”,相当于 Don't rush. 或 Slow down. 可以根据语境灵活替换。 例句:"Take your time," the teacher said. "There is no need to rush." 考点五 同义转换:take one’s time = don’t rush / go slowly 说明:中考常考同义句型转换。take one’s time 可替换为 don’t rush 或 go slowly,均表示从容不迫、慢慢来。 例句:Take your time reading the poem. (= Don’t rush reading the poem.) against /əˈɡenst/ prep. 倚,紧靠;以…为背景 课本原句:An old, old tree grew against the wall outside the window. 考点一 固定搭配:against the wall / lean against 说明:against 表示“倚、靠”时,强调物体与另一个表面紧贴、接触。常见搭配有 against the wall(靠着墙)、lean against(倚靠在…上)。 例句:The old man was sitting against the tree, reading a newspaper. 考点二 一词多义:against 的多种含义 说明:against 有多个含义:1)“倚、紧靠”(against the wall);2)“反对”(be against the plan);3)“以…为背景”(against the blue sky);4)“防备”(protect against)。必须根据语境判断。 例句:The red flowers looked beautiful against the green leaves. 考点三 固定搭配:be against (doing) sth 说明:be against sth 表示“反对某事”,反义短语是 be for sth(赞成某事)。against 后接名词或动名词作宾语。 例句:Most of my classmates are against using mobile phones at school. 考点四 辨析:against 与 opposite 的区别 说明:against 强调“紧靠着、接触着”;opposite 强调“在对面”,两者之间有一定的距离,不一定接触。注意区别使用。 例句:His house is opposite the park, with a big tree leaning against the front wall. 考点五 中考常考:against 在完形填空中的含义判断 说明:中考完形填空中常考 against 的多种含义,尤其是“倚靠”和“反对”这两种含义的辨析。需要根据上下文的逻辑关系来确定正确含义。 例句:We stood against the cold wind, walking slowly towards the school. 考点六 同义转换:against = leaning on / touching 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。against 表示“倚、紧靠”时可替换为 leaning on 或 touching,均表示靠着。 例句:The tree grew against the wall. (= The tree grew leaning on the wall.) branch /brɑːntʃ/ n. 树枝 课本原句:Almost all its leaves had fallen from its dark branches. 考点一 固定搭配:tree branch / a branch of 说明:branch 表示“树枝”时可与 tree 连用。表示“一根树枝”用 a branch。课上出现的 dark branches 指“黑漆漆的树枝”。 例句:A little bird was sitting on a branch, singing happily. 考点二 一词多义:branch 的多种含义 说明:branch 除“树枝”外还可表示:1)“分支、分部”(a branch of a bank 银行分行);2)“学科分支”(a branch of science 科学分支);3)“支流”(a branch of a river)。中考阅读中常见后两种含义。 例句:There is a branch of this coffee shop near my school. 考点三 派生:branch out(动词短语) 说明:branch out 是一个动词短语,表示“拓展业务/领域”。branch 在这里由名词转化为动词使用,意为“分支、分叉”。 例句:The small bookstore has branched out into selling art supplies. 考点四 固定搭配:branch office / branch store 说明:branch office 表示“分公司/办事处”,branch store 表示“分店”。这些固定搭配在商务和日常语境中很常见。 例句:The company has branch offices in more than twenty cities. 考点五 中考常考:branch 的一词多义在阅读理解中 说明:中考阅读理解中,branch 常以“分支、分部”的含义出现。如果学生只记得“树枝”这一个意思,很容易误解文章内容。 例句:Mathematics is just one branch of science that I find very interesting. 考点六 同义转换:branch = limb / tree arm 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。branch 作名词表示“树枝”时可替换为 limb,均表示树枝。 例句:Leaves fell from the dark branches. (= Leaves fell from the dark limbs.) bedside /ˈbedsaɪd/ n. 床边 课本原句:"Five what, dear?" asked Sue, as she moved to Johnsy's bedside. 考点一 构词法:bed + side = bedside 说明:bedside 是由 bed(床)和 side(边、侧)组成的复合名词,“字面意思”就是“床的一侧”。理解构词法有助于快速记忆和猜测词义。 例句:The mother sat at her child's bedside until the fever went down. 考点二 固定搭配:at one's bedside / by one's bedside 说明:at one's bedside 或 by one's bedside 都表示“在某人的床边”。介词通常用 at 或 by,不可用 in。 例句:The doctor stood at the patient's bedside, checking his condition. 考点三 相关表达:bedside table / bedside lamp 说明:bedside 可作为修饰语与其他名词连用,如 bedside table(床头柜)、bedside lamp(床头灯)。此时 bedside 具有形容词功能。 例句:I put my glasses on the bedside table every night before sleep. 考点四 同类复合词:bedroom / bedtime / bedclothes 说明:与 bedside 类似的由 bed 构成的复合词还有:bedroom(卧室)、bedtime(就寝时间)、bedclothes(床上用品)。这些词都遵循“bed + 名词”的构词模式。 例句:My mother always reads me a story at bedtime. 考点五 同义转换:bedside = beside the bed / at the bed 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。bedside 可替换为 beside the bed 或 at the bed,均表示床边。 例句:Sue moved to Johnsy’s bedside. (= Sue moved to beside Johnsy’s bed.) anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/ n. 愤怒,怒气 课本原句:There was anger in her voice. 考点一 派生:anger → angry → angrily 说明:anger(名词,“愤怒”)→ angry(形容词,“生气的”)→ angrily(副词,“生气地”)。这是中考词性转换的重要考点。 例句:He looked at me with anger when I broke his favourite cup. 考点二 固定搭配:in anger / with anger / full of anger 说明:表示“愤怒地”可用 in anger 或 with anger。full of anger 表示“充满怒气”。课文中 there was anger in her voice 意为“她的声音里带着怒气”。 例句:She left the room in anger without saying another word. 考点三 辨析:anger、rage 与 fury 的区别 说明:anger 是表示“愤怒”的最常用词,程度适中;rage 表示“狂怒”,程度更强烈,常暗示失控;fury 表示“暴怒”,程度最强。中考中需注意 anger 的一般用法即可。 例句:His words were filled with anger, but he tried to stay calm. 考点四 anger 也可作动词使用 说明:anger 除了作名词,也可作及物动词,表示“使生气、激怒”。用法为 anger sb。不过中考中更常考查其名词用法和派生形式。 例句:What he said angered everyone in the room. 考点五 中考常考:anger 的词性转换 说明:中考语法填空中经常考查 anger 的词性转换:根据句子结构判断需要用名词(anger)、形容词(angry)还是副词(angrily)。注意 angry 的比较级为 angrier,最高级为 angriest。 例句:She spoke angrily because she was full of anger at that moment. 考点六 同义转换:anger = fury / rage 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。anger 可替换为 fury 或 rage,均表示愤怒、怒气。 例句:There was anger in her voice. (= There was rage in her voice.) make sense — 短语 有意义,讲得通 课本原句:It doesn't make any sense. 考点一 固定搭配:make sense / make sense of sth 说明:make sense 表示“有意义、讲得通、有道理”,常用于表达某个观点或行为是否合理。make sense of sth 则表示“理解某事、弄懂某事”。 例句:His explanation made sense, so everyone agreed with him. 考点二 否定形式:make no sense / not make any sense 说明:表示“没意义、讲不通”可以用 make no sense 或 not make any sense。课文中 It doesn't make any sense 就是“这完全讲不通”的意思。 例句:What you said makes no sense to me. Could you explain it again? 考点三 辨析:make sense 与 be meaningful 的区别 说明:make sense 强调“合乎逻辑、说得通”,侧重逻辑性;be meaningful 则强调“有意义的、重要的”,侧重价值和重要性。两者侧重点不同。 例句:The plan might not be perfect, but it makes sense from a practical point of view. 考点四 派生区分:sensible 与 sensitive 说明:sense 的派生形容词有 sensible(“明智的、合理的”)和 sensitive(“敏感的、善解人意的”)。两者拼写相近但含义完全不同,是中考易混词辨析的常考点。 例句:It is sensible to wear warm clothes in winter, but some people are sensitive to cold weather. 考点五 中考常考:make sense 在阅读和完形中的含义 说明:make sense 是中考阅读理解、完形填空中的高频短语。当文章中出现 make sense 时,往往暗示作者在评判某种观点或做法的合理性,是理解文章态度的关键。 例句:After reading the story again, I finally made sense of its surprise ending. 考点六 同义转换:make sense = be logical / be reasonable 说明:中考常考同义句型转换。make sense 可替换为 be logical 或 be reasonable,均表示有道理、讲得通。 例句:It doesn’t make any sense. (= It isn’t reasonable at all.) have (...) to do with — 短语 与…有关 课本原句:What does an old tree have to do with you? 考点一 固定搭配:have something / nothing / a lot to do with 说明:have (...) to do with 的中间可以插入 something(有些关系)、nothing(无关)、a lot / much(关系很大)、little(没什么关系)等词,表示与某事物的关联程度。 例句:His success has a lot to do with his hard work and never giving up. 考点二 否定形式:have nothing to do with 的用法 说明:have nothing to do with sb / sth 表示“与某人/某事无关”,是中考常考的表达。注意 nothing 不可换成 not anything。 例句:The accident had nothing to do with the driver — it was the bad weather. 考点三 辨析:have to do with 与 be related to 说明:have to do with 和 be related to 都表示“与…有关”。have to do with 更口语化,常出现在对话和文学作品中;be related to 更正式、客观。 例句:Her decision to become a doctor has something to do with her mother, who is also a doctor. 考点四 疑问句用法:What does ... have to do with ...? 说明:在疑问句中,借助助动词 do/does 构成:What does A have to do with B? 意为“A与B有什么关系?”这是口语和阅读中的常见句式。 例句:"What does sport have to do with study?" "It helps you stay healthy and focused." 考点五 中考常考:have nothing to do with 在完形填空中的辨析 说明:中考完形填空中常将 have something/nothing/little/much to do with 作为选项,考察学生对“关联程度”的理解。关键在于根据上下文逻辑判断两个事物之间的关联程度。 例句:I think happiness has little to do with how much money you have. 考点六 同义转换:have (...) to do with = be related to / be connected with 说明:中考常考同义句型转换。have (...) to do with 可替换为 be related to 或 be connected with,均表示与……有关。 例句:What does an old tree have to do with you? (= What is an old tree related to you?) apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. 公寓套房 课本原句:Old Behrman, who lived on the first floor of their apartment building, was also a painter. 考点一 固定搭配:apartment building / apartment block 说明:apartment building 或 apartment block 表示“公寓楼”。课文中 their apartment building 就是指“他们住的公寓楼”。 例句:Our new apartment building has a small garden on the roof. 考点二 辨析:apartment(美式)与 flat(英式) 说明:apartment 是美式英语中的“公寓套房”,英式英语中常用 flat 表达同样的意思。在阅读中遇到这两个词时要意识到它们是同义词。中考中两者都可能出现。 例句:She lives in a small apartment in New York, which her British friend would call a flat. 考点三 相关表达:apartment complex / studio apartment 说明:apartment complex 表示“公寓小区”,studio apartment 表示“单间公寓”(卧室和客厅合并)。这些表达在介绍居住环境的文章中可能出现。 例句:The apartment complex has a swimming pool and a children's playground. 考点四 固定搭配:rent an apartment / live in an apartment 说明:rent an apartment 表示“租公寓”,live in an apartment 表示“住在公寓里”。注意介词用 in 而不是 on。 例句:They decided to rent an apartment near the school so the children could walk to class. 考点五 同义转换:apartment = flat / living space 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。apartment 可替换为 flat(英式),均表示公寓。 例句:He lived in an apartment building. (= He lived in a flat building.) masterpiece /ˈmɑːstəpiːs/ n. 杰作 课本原句:It's Behrman's masterpiece — he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell. 考点一 构词法:master + piece = masterpiece 说明:masterpiece 由 master(“大师”)和 piece(“作品”)复合而成,字面意思是“大师的作品”,引申为“杰作”。理解构词法有助于记忆。 例句:Many people consider this painting to be the artist's greatest masterpiece. 考点二 固定搭配:create / produce a masterpiece 说明:与 masterpiece 搭配的动词常用 create(创作)或 produce(创作出)。说某物是某人的 masterpiece,用 one's masterpiece 结构。 例句:It took the writer ten years to create this masterpiece of modern literature. 考点三 派生:master → masterpiece / masterful 说明:master 作为词根,可派生出 masterpiece(杰作,名词)和 masterful(“娴熟的、大师般的”,形容词)。了解词根有助于扩展词汇量。 例句:The young pianist gave a masterful performance that surprised everyone. 考点四 同义转换:masterpiece = great work / finest work 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。masterpiece 可替换为 great work 或 finest work,均表示杰作。 例句:It’s Behrman’s masterpiece. (= It’s Behrman’s finest work.) fool /fuːl/ n. 傻瓜 课本原句:Are there such fools? Do people die because leaves drop off a tree? 考点一 派生:fool → foolish → foolishly 说明:fool(名词,“傻瓜”)→ foolish(形容词,“愚蠢的”)→ foolishly(副词,“愚蠢地”)。注意形容词不是 fooly 而是 foolish。 例句:It would be foolish to give up now after all the hard work we have done. 考点二 固定搭配:make a fool of sb / play the fool 说明:make a fool of sb 表示“愚弄/戏弄某人”;play the fool 表示“装傻、扮丑角”。这两个短语在口语和故事中出现频率较高。 例句:He tried to make a fool of his classmate, but the teacher caught him. 考点三 fool 也可作动词使用 说明:fool 作动词时意为“欺骗、愚弄”,常见搭配为 fool sb into doing sth(“哄骗某人做某事”)。注意与名词用法区分。 例句:Don't try to fool me — I know exactly what happened. 考点四 辨析:fool(名词)与 stupid(形容词)的语气区别 说明:fool 是名词,指“傻瓜、笨蛋”,语气较直接;foolish 才是对应的形容词。stupid 是形容词,语气比 foolish 更强,有时带有侮辱性。在正式场合避免直接称呼别人为 fool。 例句:Calling someone a fool is not polite, even if they made a foolish mistake. 考点五 中考常考:fool 的形容词派生 foolish 说明:中考语法填空常考 fool → foolish 的词性转换。题目中给出 fool,需要根据语境判断应填名词还是形容词形式。常见结构有 It is foolish of sb to do sth.。 例句:It is foolish of you to believe everything you read on the Internet. 考点六 同义转换:fool = silly person / stupid person 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。fool 作名词表示“傻瓜”时可替换为 silly person 或 stupid person,均表示傻瓜。 例句:Are there such fools? (= Are there such silly people?) remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ vi. 剩余,继续存在;逗留 课本原句:The leaf remains there after a night of beating rain and wild wind. 考点一 语法重点:remain 作系动词加形容词 说明:remain 作系动词时可后接形容词,构成“保持某种状态”的含义。如 remain silent(保持沉默)、remain unchanged(保持不变)。这是中考语法题的重要考点。 例句:Despite the noise outside, the old man remained calm and continued reading. 考点二 辨析:remain 与 stay 的区别 说明:remain 强调“继续存在、保持不变”,常指状态或情况的延续;stay 更强调“停留、逗留”,常指人或物继续留在某地。两者有重叠,但关注点不同。 例句:He remained a good friend of mine, even after he stayed in another city for years. 考点三 派生:remain → remaining (adj.) / remains (n.) 说明:remaining 是形容词,表示“剩余的、留下的”;remains 是名词(常用复数),表示“遗迹、剩余物”。注意区分这两个派生的含义和词性。 例句:We spent the remaining time reviewing what we had learned. 考点四 一词多义:remain 的三种常见含义 说明:remain 有三个常见含义:1)“剩余、留下”(nothing remains);2)“仍然是、保持”(remain silent);3)“逗留”(remain at home)。需根据上下文判断。 例句:Only a few students remained in the classroom after the bell rang. 考点五 中考常考:remain + 形容词的系动词用法 说明:中考经常考查 remain 后接形容词作表语的用法。remain 属于系动词中的“状态持续”类,类似 keep、stay。题目常设置陷阱,用副词干扰。 例句:How he managed to remain so happy even in difficult times is a mystery to me. 考点六 同义转换:remain = stay / be left 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。remain 表示“继续存在”时可替换为 stay 或 be left,均表示保持、留下。 例句:The leaf remains there. (= The leaf stays there.) widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 普遍地,广泛地 课本原句:If you want to be a writer, you should read widely and often. 考点一 派生:wide → widely / widen 说明:wide(形容词,“宽的”)→ widely(副词,“广泛地”)→ widen(动词,“加宽”)。记住:形容词 + ly 变副词,形容词 + (e)n 变动词。 例句:The road has been widened to allow more cars to pass through. 考点二 辨析:wide 与 widely 作副词时的区别 说明:wide 作副词时表示“充分地、大大地”(如 open wide 张大),侧重物理空间上的“宽”;widely 作副词表示“广泛地、普遍地”(如 widely used 被广泛使用),侧重范围和程度。 例句:She opened her eyes wide in surprise, as the news was widely reported on TV. 考点三 固定搭配:widely used / widely known / widely accepted 说明:widely 常与过去分词连用,构成 widely used(广泛使用)、widely known(广为人知)、widely accepted(被广泛接受)、widely read(广泛阅读)等固定搭配。 例句:This app is widely used by students all over the country. 考点四 一词多义:widely 还可表示"很大程度上" 说明:widely 在某些语境中可表示“很大程度上”,如 differ widely(差异很大)。此时不表示“广泛”,而强调程度。 例句:Opinions on the new school rule differ widely among students. 考点五 中考常考:wide 与 widely 的副词辨析 说明:中考语法题中经常考查 wide 和 widely 的选择。记住:表示物理空间的“宽”用 wide(如 open the door wide),表示抽象范围的“广泛”用 widely(如 read widely)。 例句:To write well, you need to read widely and think deeply about what you read. 考点六 同义转换:widely = broadly / extensively 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。widely 可替换为 broadly 或 extensively,均表示广泛地。 例句:You should read widely and often. (= You should read extensively and often.) run out of — 短语 用完,耗尽 课本原句:Unless we run out of time, we will all get to read our stories out loud at the end of the class. 考点一 固定搭配:run out of + 名词 说明:run out of sth 表示“用完/耗尽某物”,sth 是使用的对象(宾语)。如 run out of time(用完时间)、run out of money(花光钱)、run out of patience(失去耐心)。 例句:We had to stop the experiment because we ran out of the special paper. 考点二 辨析:run out of 与 run out 的区别(重要!) 说明:run out of 是及物性短语,后必须接宾语,主语是人:We ran out of water.(我们用完了水)。run out 是不及物性短语,后不能接宾语,主语是物:The water ran out.(水用完了)。这是中考的重要辨析考点。 例句:All the food ran out, so we went to the supermarket because we had run out of food. 考点三 同义表达:use up / exhaust 说明:run out of 的同义表达有 use up(用完,及物)和 exhaust(耗尽,及物,更正式)。中考中可能作为同义替换出现,用来考查对文章的理解。 例句:We used up all the paint and still hadn't finished the wall. 考点四 辨析:run out of 与 be short of 说明:run out of 强调“已经用完、没有了”(结果);be short of 强调“短缺、不够”(状态),可能还有一些但不足。注意区分结果和状态。 例句:We are short of hands, so please help us before we run out of time. 考点五 中考常考:run out of 与 run out 的句法辨析 说明:中考选择题和语法填空经常考查 run out of 和 run out 的区分。技巧:看后面是否有宾语,有宾语用 run out of,没有宾语用 run out;看主语是人还是物,人作主语常用 run out of,物作主语常用 run out。 例句:Time is running out. We must finish the project before we run out of money. 考点六 同义转换:run out of = use up / exhaust 说明:中考常考同义句型转换。run out of 可替换为 use up 或 exhaust,均表示用完、耗尽。 例句:Unless we run out of time. (= Unless we use up all the time.) fair /feə(r)/ n. 展销会;集市 课本原句:There's a book fair in town this week. 考点一 固定搭配:book fair(书展) 说明:fair 作名词表示“展销会”时,常与 book 连用,构成 book fair,意为“书展”。 例句:We bought many interesting books at the book fair. 考点二 派生:fair → unfair / fairness 说明:fair 加上否定前缀 un- 构成 unfair(形容词,不公平的);fair 的名词形式为 fairness(公平)。 例句:It is unfair to treat others differently because of their looks. 考点三 辨析:fair vs market 说明:fair 指定期举办的“展销会、集市”,通常规模较大、有特定主题;market 指日常的“市场”,更常用。 例句:She sells fresh vegetables at the market every morning. 考点四 一词多义:fair 的名词与形容词用法 说明:fair 作名词意为“展销会;集市”,作形容词可意为“公平的”或“浅色的”。 例句:The teacher was fair to every student in the class. 考点五 同义转换:fair = market / exhibition 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。fair 作名词表示“展销会”时可替换为 market 或 exhibition,均表示市集、展销会。 例句:There’s a book fair in town. (= There’s a book exhibition in town.) act /ækt/ n. (戏剧等)一幕;行为;表演 课本原句:Usually a play contains several 'acts'. 课本原句:Each act is divided into several scenes. 考点一 固定搭配:act as(充当,担任) 说明:act 作动词时与 as 连用,构成 act as,表示“担任、充当”某角色。 例句:She acts as the manager when the boss is away. 考点二 派生:act → action / active / actor 说明:act 的派生词丰富:action(名词,行为),active(形容词,活跃的),actor(名词,演员),actress(名词,女演员)。 例句:He is an active member of the drama club. 考点三 辨析:act vs action 说明:act 侧重具体的“行为、举动”,action 侧重抽象的“行动、作为”。 例句:Helping others is a kind act. 考点四 一词多义:act 的一幕 / 行为 / 表演 说明:act 作名词可指戏剧中的“一幕”,也可指“行为”或“表演”,还可作动词意为“行动、表演”。 例句:The actor acted very well in the play. 考点五 同义转换:act = scene / perform 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。act 作名词表示“一幕”时可替换为 scene,表示一幕;act 作动词可替换为 perform,表示表演。 例句:Each act is divided into several scenes. (= Each scene is part of the play.) seat /siːt/ vt. (使)就座,坐 课本原句:King Lear is seated on his throne. 考点一 固定搭配:take a seat / be seated 说明:seat 常用被动形式 be seated(就座),或构成 take a seat(坐下)。 例句:Please take a seat and wait for your turn. 考点二 派生:seat → seating 说明:seat 的现在分词 seating 可作名词,表示“座位安排”;过去分词 seated 可作表语,表示“就座的”。 例句:The seating plan of the theatre was well designed. 考点三 辨析:seat vs sit 说明:seat 是及物动词,表示“使……就座”,常用被动语态 be seated;sit 是不及物动词,表示“坐”。 例句:He sat down and opened his book. 考点四 一词多义:seat 的动词与名词用法 说明:seat 作动词意为“(使)就座”,作名词意为“座位”。 例句:There are enough seats for everyone in the hall. 考点五 介词搭配:be seated on / seat oneself 说明:be seated on 表示“坐在……上”;seat oneself 表示“使自己就座”。 例句:The king seated himself on the golden throne. 考点六 同义转换:seat = sit down / take a seat 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。seat 作动词表示“使就座”时可替换为 sit down 或 take a seat,均表示坐下。 例句:King Lear is seated on his throne. (= King Lear is sitting on his throne.) throne /θrəʊn/ n. 宝座;王位 课本原句:King Lear is seated on his throne. 考点一 固定搭配:ascend the throne(登基) 说明:throne 常与 ascend 连用,ascend the throne 表示“登基”。 例句:The young king ascended the throne at the age of ten. 考点二 派生:throne → enthrone 说明:throne 加前缀 en- 构成动词 enthrone,表示“使登基”。 例句:The new queen was enthroned in a grand ceremony. 考点三 一词多义:throne 的宝座与王位 说明:throne 既可指具体的“宝座”,也可指抽象的“王位、君权”。 例句:He gave up the throne to marry a commoner. 考点四 同义转换:throne = royal seat / king’s chair 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。throne 可替换为 royal seat 或 king’s chair,均表示宝座、王位。 例句:King Lear is seated on his throne. (= King Lear is seated on his royal seat.) unable /ʌnˈeɪbl/ adj. 未能,无法 课本原句:A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable. 考点一 固定搭配:be unable to do sth. 说明:unable 常接 to do,be unable to do sth. 表示“无法做某事”。 例句:She was unable to attend the meeting because of illness. 考点二 派生:unable ← able → ability / enable 说明:unable 由 un- + able 构成;able 的名词为 ability(能力),动词为 enable(使能够)。 例句:The new technology enables people to work from home. 考点三 辨析:unable vs disabled 说明:unable 指“未能、无法”,通常是暂时的状态;disabled 指“残疾的”,是长期状态。 例句:The disabled athlete won a gold medal in the Paralympics. 考点四 一词多义:unable 的含义 说明:unable 意思较单一,表示“未能做到、无法做到”,常用于 be unable to do 句型。 例句:He was unable to finish the task on time. 考点五 介词搭配:be unable to(无法做……) 说明:unable 后接 to do,不接 in doing,注意区别于 be incapable of doing。 例句:The boy was unable to reach the top shelf. 考点六 同义转换:unable = not able to / incapable of 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。unable 可替换为 not able to 或 incapable of,均表示未能、无法。 例句:She was unable to speak. (= She was not able to speak.) enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 课本原句:All other joys are my enemy 考点一 固定搭配:make enemies(树敌) 说明:enemy 常与 make 连用,make enemies 表示“树敌”;make an enemy of 表示“与……为敌”。 例句:He is so kind that he never makes enemies. 考点二 派生:enemy → enemies(复数) 说明:enemy 的复数形式为 enemies,变 y 为 i 再加 es。 例句:The soldiers fought bravely against their enemies. 考点三 辨析:enemy vs foe 说明:enemy 和 foe 都表示“敌人”,foe 多用于文学作品中,语气更正式。 例句:The hero faced his foe with great courage. 考点四 一词多义:enemy 的个人与集体含义 说明:enemy 既可指单个的“敌人”,也可作集合名词指“敌军”。 例句:The enemy attacked the city at midnight. 考点五 同义转换:enemy = foe / opponent 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。enemy 可替换为 foe 或 opponent,均表示敌人、对手。 例句:All other joys are my enemy. (= All other joys are my foe.) writing /ˈraɪtɪŋ/ n. 著作,作品 课本原句:His writings show respect for the power of nature. 课本原句:His writings are full of strong feelings and images of nature. 考点一 固定搭配:in writing(书面地) 说明:writing 复数 writings 表示“著作、作品”;in writing 表示“以书面形式”。 例句:Please send your answer in writing. 考点二 派生:write → writing → writer / rewrite 说明:write 的现在分词 writing 可作名词;writer 表示“作家”;rewrite 表示“重写”。 例句:The famous writer published a new book last month. 考点三 辨析:writing vs composition 说明:writing 泛指“著作、写作”;composition 侧重指“作文”,是具体的写作练习。 例句:The teacher asked us to write a composition about our hometown. 考点四 一词多义:writing 的著作与写作含义 说明:writing 单数可指“写作”这一行为(不可数),复数 writings 指“著作、作品”。 例句:His writing is clear and easy to understand. 考点五 同义转换:writing = work / literary work 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。writing 作名词表示“著作”时可替换为 work 或 literary work,均表示著作、作品。 例句:His writings show respect for nature. (= His works show respect for nature.) image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 意象;图像 课本原句:he could easily create beautiful images in nature in his unique style. 课本原句:His writings are full of strong feelings and images of nature. 考点一 固定搭配:create an image(创造意象) 说明:image 常与 create 连用,create an image 表示“创造意象”或“塑造形象”。 例句:The company tries to create a good public image. 考点二 派生:image → imagery / imagine / imagination 说明:image 的派生词有 imagery(名词,意象)、imagine(动词,想象)、imagination(名词,想象力)。 例句:The little girl has a rich imagination. 考点三 辨析:image vs picture 说明:image 侧重“意象、形象”,偏抽象;picture 侧重“图画、照片”,偏具体。 例句:He drew a picture of his family. 考点四 一词多义:image 的意象 / 图像 / 形象 说明:image 在文学中指“意象”,在视觉中指“图像”,在社会中指“形象”。 例句:The politician tried to improve his image before the election. 考点五 同义转换:image = picture / mental picture 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。image 作名词表示“意象”时可替换为 picture 或 mental picture,均表示意象、图像。 例句:He could create beautiful images in nature. (= He could create beautiful pictures in nature.) lasting /ˈlɑːstɪŋ/ adj. 持久的 课本原句:Good literature has lasting values. 考点一 固定搭配:lasting value / lasting impression 说明:lasting 常与 value、impression 连用,lasting value 表示“持久的价值”,lasting impression 表示“持久的印象”。 例句:The film left a lasting impression on me. 考点二 派生:last → lasting / lastly 说明:last 加 -ing 构成 lasting,表示“持久的”;lastly 是副词,表示“最后”。 例句:Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for coming. 考点三 辨析:lasting vs permanent 说明:lasting 强调“持续较长时间的”,可能终有结束;permanent 强调“永久不变的”。 例句:Please write your permanent address on the form. 考点四 一词多义:lasting 的含义 说明:lasting 意思较单一,表示“持久的、经久不衰的”。 例句:The treaty brought lasting peace to the region. 考点五 同义转换:lasting = enduring / long-lasting 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。lasting 可替换为 enduring 或 long-lasting,均表示持久的。 例句:Good literature has lasting values. (= Good literature has enduring values.) show up — 短语 出现,露面 课本原句:Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door. 考点一 固定搭配:show up at(出现在……) 说明:show up 后接 at 表示“出现在某地”,后接 in 表示“出现在某地或某物中”。 例句:She showed up at the party unexpectedly. 考点二 派生:show → show off / show around 说明:show 的相关短语有 show off(炫耀)、show around(带领参观)、show out(送出去)。 例句:He likes to show off his new clothes. 考点三 辨析:show up vs turn up 说明:show up 和 turn up 都表示“出现、露面”,turn up 还可表示“被发现”。 例句:He didn't turn up until the meeting was over. 考点四 一词多义:show up 的出现 / 揭穿 说明:show up 主要表示“出现、露面”,口语中也可表示“使难堪、揭穿”。 例句:She showed up late for the meeting again. 考点五 同义转换:show up = appear / turn up 说明:中考常考同义句型转换。show up 可替换为 appear 或 turn up,均表示出现、露面。 例句:Emily shows up at the door. (= Emily appears at the door.) mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子 课本原句:Julie is looking at herself in a mirror. 考点一 固定搭配:look in the mirror(照镜子) 说明:mirror 常与 look in 连用,look in the mirror 表示“照镜子”。 例句:She looked in the mirror and smiled. 考点二 派生:mirror → mirrored 说明:mirror 的过去分词 mirrored 可作形容词,表示“有镜面的、映照的”。 例句:The mirrored surface of the lake reflected the mountains. 考点三 辨析:mirror vs reflection 说明:mirror 指“镜子”(实物);reflection 指“倒影、反射”,是镜中或水面映出的影像。 例句:She saw her reflection in the water. 考点四 一词多义:mirror 的名词与动词用法 说明:mirror 既可作名词表示“镜子”,也可作动词表示“反映、映照”。 例句:The poem mirrors the poet's inner world. 考点五 同义转换:mirror = looking glass / reflection 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。mirror 作名词表示“镜子”时可替换为 looking glass,表示镜子。 例句:Julie is looking at herself in a mirror. (= Julie is looking at herself in a looking glass.) knock /nɒk/ n. 敲门声,敲击声 课本原句:There's a knock at the door, and Julie's mum enters. 考点一 固定搭配:knock at / on the door(敲门) 说明:knock 作名词常与 at 连用,a knock at the door 表示“敲门声”;作动词时可与 on 连用。 例句:I heard a knock at the door and went to open it. 考点二 派生:knock → knocker 说明:knock 加 -er 构成 knocker,表示“门环”;knocking 可作名词表示“敲击声”。 例句:The old door has a brass knocker. 考点三 辨析:knock vs tap 说明:knock 指较重的“敲、击”;tap 指轻柔的“轻拍、轻敲”。 例句:She gave a gentle tap on the window. 考点四 一词多义:knock 的名词与动词用法 说明:knock 既可作名词表示“敲门声”,也可作动词表示“敲、击”。 例句:Please knock before entering the room. 考点五 同义转换:knock = tap / rap 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。knock 作名词表示“敲门声”时可替换为 tap 或 rap,均表示轻敲、敲击。 例句:There’s a knock at the door. (= There’s a tap at the door.) hurry up — 短语 赶快,急忙(做某事) 课本原句:Hurry up, Julie, or you'll be late for school. 考点一 固定搭配:hurry up with sth.(赶快做某事) 说明:hurry up 后可接 with sth.,表示“赶快做某事”。 例句:Hurry up with your homework, or we'll be late. 考点二 派生:hurry → hurried / hurriedly 说明:hurry 的派生词有 hurried(形容词,匆忙的)和 hurriedly(副词,匆忙地)。 例句:He left the room in a hurried way. 考点三 辨析:hurry up vs rush 说明:hurry up 表示“赶快”,催促某人加快速度;rush 表示“冲、奔”,强调动作急促。 例句:The students rushed out of the classroom after the bell. 考点四 一词多义:hurry up 与 hurry 的不同用法 说明:hurry up 是固定短语表示“赶快”;hurry 单独可作名词,in a hurry 表示“匆忙地”。 例句:Don't make decisions in a hurry. 考点五 介词搭配:hurry up / in a hurry 说明:hurry up 用于祈使句,表示“赶快”;in a hurry 表示“匆忙地”。 例句:She finished her meal in a hurry and ran to the bus stop. 考点六 同义转换:hurry up = be quick / make haste 说明:中考常考同义句型转换。hurry up 可替换为 be quick 或 make haste,均表示赶快、勿忙。 例句:Hurry up, Julie, or you’ll be late. (= Be quick, Julie, or you’ll be late.) doorbell /ˈdɔːbel/ n. 门铃 课本原句:The doorbell rings. 考点一 固定搭配:ring the doorbell(按门铃) 说明:doorbell 常与 ring 或 press 连用,ring the doorbell 表示“按门铃”。 例句:Someone rang the doorbell while I was cooking. 考点二 辨析:doorbell vs bell 说明:doorbell 专指“门铃”;bell 可指各种“铃、钟”,如 school bell(校铃)。 例句:The school bell rang and classes began. 考点三 一词多义:doorbell 的含义 说明:doorbell 意思较单一,仅表示安装在门上的“门铃”。 例句:I heard the doorbell and went to open the door. 考点四 同义转换:doorbell = bell at the door / door chime 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。doorbell 可替换为 bell at the door 或 door chime,均表示门铃。 例句:The doorbell rings. (= The bell at the door rings.) ring /rɪŋ/ vi. 发出铃声 vt.&vi. 使发出钟声 课本原句:The doorbell rings. 考点一 固定搭配:ring the bell / ring up(打电话) 说明:ring 作动词常与 bell 连用,ring the bell 表示“按铃”;ring up 表示“打电话”。 例句:Please ring the bell if you need help. 考点二 派生:ring → ringer / ring(n. 戒指) 说明:ring 的派生词有 ringer(名词,按铃者);ring 也可作名词表示“戒指”。 例句:She wore a gold ring on her finger. 考点三 辨析:ring vs toll 说明:ring 指一般的“发出铃声”;toll 指缓慢而沉重地“敲钟”,多用于丧钟。 例句:The church bell tolled solemnly at the funeral. 考点四 一词多义:ring 的发出铃声 / 打电话 / 戒指 说明:ring 既可作动词表示“发出铃声”“打电话”,也可作名词表示“戒指”。 例句:I will ring you as soon as I arrive. 考点五 介词搭配:ring for / ring up 说明:ring for 后接人或物,表示“按铃叫……”;ring up 后接人,表示“打电话给……”。 例句:She rang for the nurse to come. 考点六 同义转换:ring = sound / chime 说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。ring 作动词表示“发出铃声”时可替换为 sound 或 chime,均表示响铃、发声。 例句:The doorbell rings. (= The doorbell sounds.) - 1 - 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 8 The world of literature 重点词汇核心考点精讲(讲义)2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新教材译林版
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Unit 8 The world of literature 重点词汇核心考点精讲(讲义)2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新教材译林版
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Unit 8 The world of literature 重点词汇核心考点精讲(讲义)2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新教材译林版
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