内容正文:
9AU4重点单词考点精讲
目录检索
cactus 1 lotus 2
self 2 peanut 3
unused 4 pity 4
dig 5 dig up 6
a couple of 6 celebration 7
oil 7 unlike 8
dig out 9 stem 9
bear 10 attractive 11
compare 11 expect sth of sb 12
hidden 13 society 14
helpfulness 14 purpose 15
satisfied 16 boss 16
dentist 17 wife 17
passage 18 stamp 19
daughter 19 devote 20
devote … to … 20 research 21
house 22 overtourism 22
digitalize 23 graduate 24
serve 25 condition 25
contribute 26 judge 27
amazed 28 make up one’s mind 28
词性分类
【名词 (n.)】cactus、lotus、self、peanut、pity、celebration、oil、stem、society、helpfulness、purpose、boss、dentist、wife、passage、stamp、daughter、overtourism、condition
【动词 (v.)】dig、bear、compare、devote、research、house、digitalize、graduate、serve、contribute、judge
【形容词 (adj.)】unused、attractive、hidden、satisfied、amazed
【介词 (prep.)】unlike
【短语】dig up、a couple of、dig out、expect sth of sb、devote … to …、make up one’s mind
cactus /ˈkæktəs/
n. 仙人掌
课本原句:A cactus can find water in tough conditions.
考点一 固定搭配 a cactus in the desert
说明:“cactus”是可数名词,复数形式为 cacti 或 cactuses,常与 desert, dry area 等搭配使用。
例句:A cactus can survive for months without water in the desert.
考点二 一词多义 cactus 植物 vs 象征
说明:“cactus”本义指“仙人掌”这种植物,常被用来象征“坚韧、耐受力强”的人或品质。
例句:Like a cactus, she pulled through the toughest time of her life.
考点三 介词搭配 on the cactus
说明:“on the cactus”表示“在仙人掌上”,描述物体的位置。cactus 上有刺,所以常说 on the cactus。
例句:Be careful of the sharp thorns on the cactus.
考点四 同义转换:cactus = desert plant
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。cactus 可替换为 desert plant 或 succulent,均表示仙人掌。
例句:The cactus can survive in dry deserts. (= The succulent can survive in dry deserts.)
lotus /ˈləʊtəs/
n. 莲属植物;莲花图案
课本原句:Lotuses grow beautiful flowers even in mud.
考点一 固定搭配 lotus flower / leaf
说明:“lotus”常与 flower, leaf, pond, position 等名词搭配,构成常见词组。
例句:A lotus flower opens early in the morning and closes in the afternoon.
考点二 一词多义 lotus 植物 vs 图案
说明:“lotus”既指莲属植物本身,也可表示“莲花图案”或“莲花座”(艺术/建筑装饰中的设计元素)。
例句:The artist painted a beautiful lotus on the wall of the temple.
考点三 介词搭配 in the lotus pond
说明:“in the lotus pond”表示“在莲花池中”,lotus pond 是常见的固定表达。
例句:The children could see many lotuses in the lotus pond near their home.
考点四 同义转换:lotus = water lily / aquatic flower
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。lotus 可替换为 water lily 或 aquatic flower,均表示莲花。
例句:The lotus grows in ponds. (= The water lily grows in ponds.)
self /self/
n. 自我;本来面目
课本原句:always be my best self
考点一 固定搭配 be one's best self
说明:“be one's best self”表示“做最好的自己”,常用作鼓励人进步的口语表达。
例句:No matter what happens, always try to be your best self.
考点二 一词多义 self 自我 vs 本来面目
说明:“self”既可表示“自我”(人格、自我意识),也可表示“本来面目”(真实的、未加掩饰的本性)。
例句:After years of trying to impress others, she finally found her true self.
考点三 辨析 self vs soul
说明:“self”侧重“人格、自我认知”;“soul”侧重“灵魂、精神层面”。self 更偏世俗和心理学语境。
例句:She cares about her inner self, while her grandmother cares about the soul.
考点四 介词搭配 sense of self
说明:“sense of self”表示“自我意识、自我认同感”,of 引出的介词短语修饰 sense。
例句:Traveling alone helped him develop a stronger sense of self.
考点五 派生 selfish / selfless / oneself
说明:“self”可派生出自私(selfish)、无私(selfless),还可构成反身代词(如 myself, yourself)和复合词(如 self-control)。
例句:Helping others makes you feel good and shows that you are not selfish.
考点六 同义转换:self = oneself / own identity
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。self 可替换为 oneself 或 own identity,均表示自我。
例句:She is her true self. (= She is her own identity.)
peanut /ˈpiːnʌt/
n. 花生
课本原句:Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let's make it a peanut field.
课本原句:They're cheap
考点一 固定搭配 peanut field / butter
说明:“peanut”常与其他名词构成复合名词,如 peanut field(花生地)、peanut butter(花生酱)、peanut oil(花生油)。
例句:My grandmother grows peanuts in a small peanut field behind her house.
考点二 一词多义 peanut 花生 vs 微不足道
说明:“peanut”本义为“花生”,在非正式英语中可表示“微不足道的东西或金额”。
例句:The money he earned was peanuts compared with what the boss made.
考点三 辨析 peanut vs nut
说明:“peanut”特指花生(植物学上属于豆科,非坚果);“nut”泛指坚果类(如核桃、杏仁等)。peanut 不是树坚果。
例句:Peanut is not a true nut; it grows underground like a bean.
考点四 介词搭配 be good for making oil
说明:“be good for making oil”是课文中花生的用法之一,“for”后接动词 ing 形式表用途。
例句:Peanuts are good for making oil and can be used in many dishes.
考点五 同义转换:peanut = groundnut / monkey nut
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。peanut 可替换为 groundnut 或 monkey nut,均表示花生。
例句:He is allergic to peanuts. (= He is allergic to groundnuts.)
unused /ˌʌnˈjuːzd/
adj. 未用过的
课本原句:there was a small piece of unused land
考点一 固定搭配 unused land / room
说明:“unused”作形容词修饰名词,表示“未用过的、闲置的”,常修饰 land, room, equipment 等。
例句:The unused classroom was turned into a small library for students.
考点二 一词多义 unused vs unused to
说明:“unused”读作 /ˌʌnˈjuːzd/ 表示“未用过的”;读作 /ˌʌnˈjuːst/ 且后接 to,表示“不习惯的”。发音和用法都不同。
例句:He was unused to the cold weather because he grew up in a warm country.
考点三 辨析 unused vs useless
说明:“unused”强调“尚未被使用过”,不一定无用;“useless”强调“毫无用处”,有强烈的否定意味。
例句:The old tool was unused for years but was still useful when we needed it.
考点四 介词搭配 a piece of unused land
说明:“a piece of unused land”中 unused 修饰 land,of 表示所属关系。piece 搭配 of 用于不可数名词前的量化。
例句:The children turned a piece of unused land into a beautiful garden.
考点五 派生 use / useful / useless
说明:“unused”由 use 加前缀 un- 和后缀 -ed 构成。同根词有 use(使用)、useful(有用的)、useless(无用的)、reusable(可重复使用的)。
例句:A useful resource should not be left unused for a long time.
考点六 同义转换:unused = not used / spare
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。unused 可替换为 not used 或 spare,均表示未使用的。
例句:The unused room was dusty. (= The spare room was dusty.)
pity /ˈpɪti/
n. 遗憾
课本原句:It's a pity to let it go to waste like that
考点一 固定搭配 It's a pity to do sth
说明:“It's a pity to do sth”是常见句型,表示“做某事很遗憾”。也可说 What a pity! 表示感叹。
例句:It's a pity to miss such a wonderful show.
考点二 一词多义 pity 遗憾 vs 同情
说明:“pity”既可表示“遗憾、可惜”(对事),也可表示“同情、怜悯”(对人)。
例句:She felt great pity for the homeless people on the cold street.
考点三 辨析 pity vs shame
说明:“pity”表示“遗憾”,语气较为温和;“shame”表示“羞耻、可耻”,语气较重。但 What a shame! 也可表示遗憾。
例句:It's a pity you can't come, but it's a shame that he lied to us.
考点四 介词搭配 out of pity
说明:“out of pity”表示“出于同情”,用于描述做某事的原因。feel pity for 表示“对……感到同情”。
例句:He helped the old woman out of pity rather than real kindness.
考点五 同义转换:pity = shame / regret
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。pity 可替换为 shame 或 regret,均表示遗憾。
例句:It is a pity that he missed the party. (= It is a shame that he missed the party.)
dig /dɪɡ/
vt.&vi. 挖,掘,凿
课本原句:digging up the ground and watering the plants
考点一 固定搭配 dig a hole / dig up
说明:“dig”表示“挖”,常与 hole, ground, garden 等搭配。dig up 为其短语动词,表“掘地、挖掘出”。
例句:The children dug a deep hole in the sand to build a castle.
考点二 一词多义 dig 挖掘 vs 探究
说明:“dig”本义为“挖、掘”,引申为“探究、钻研”,如 dig into a problem(深入研究问题)。
例句:The reporter spent weeks digging into the truth behind the story.
考点三 辨析 dig vs bury
说明:“dig”是“挖掘出”;“bury”是“埋入”。两个动作方向相反,常有先后关系:先 dig 再 bury。
例句:First they dug a hole, then they buried the box in it.
考点四 介词搭配 dig into
说明:“dig into”表示“挖掘到……里面”或“深入探究”。into 强调进入某物内部。dig through 表示“在……中翻找”。
例句:The boy dug into his pocket to find some coins.
考点五 派生 digger / dug
说明:“dig”的过去式和过去分词均为 dug。名词 digger 表示“挖掘者”或“挖掘机”。
例句:They dug the garden yesterday and found some old coins underground.
考点六 同义转换:dig = excavate / shovel
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。dig 可替换为 excavate 或 shovel,均表示挖掘。
例句:They dug a hole in the ground. (= They excavated a hole in the ground.)
dig up —
短语 掘地;挖掘出
课本原句:digging up the ground and watering the plants
考点一 固定搭配 dig up the ground
说明:“dig up”表示“掘地、挖掘出”,后常接 the ground, the soil, the earth 等名词。
例句:The farmer spent all morning digging up the hard ground.
考点二 介词搭配 dig up + 名词
说明:“dig up”是及物短语动词,后直接接名词作宾语,无需加介词。宾语可以是具体的东西,也可以是信息等抽象物。
例句:The police dug up some important evidence from the old case.
考点三 辨析 dig up vs dig out
说明:“dig up”强调“将地里的东西翻出来”;“dig out”强调“把埋在里面的东西挖出来”。两者侧重点不同。
例句:He dug up the garden and dug out the potatoes that had been growing there.
考点四 一词多义 dig up 本义 vs 发掘信息
说明:“dig up”本义为“挖掘土地”,引申为“发掘、发现信息或真相”,常用于新闻报道语境。
例句:The journalist managed to dig up the truth about the accident.
考点五 同义转换:dig up = unearth / excavate
说明:中考常考同义句型转换。dig up 可替换为 unearth 或 excavate,均表示挖出。
例句:He dug up an old coin in the garden. (= He unearthed an old coin in the garden.)
a couple of —
短语 几个;一对
课本原句:In a couple of months, we had a harvest!
考点一 固定搭配 a couple of + 可数名词复数
说明:“a couple of”后接可数名词复数形式,表示“几个、两三(个)”或“一对”。
例句:I have a couple of questions to ask you about the project.
考点二 介词搭配 in a couple of days / months
说明:“in a couple of”后接时间名词,表示“在几天/几个月之后”。也可用 for a couple of 表示持续一段时间。
例句:In a couple of days, the flowers in the garden will be in full bloom.
考点三 辨析 a couple of vs a few
说明:“a couple of”通常指两到三个,数量较少;“a few”泛指“几个”,数量可多可少,范围更宽。couple 强调数量确切。
例句:A couple of students arrived first, but a few more joined them later.
考点四 一词多义 a couple of 一对 vs 几个
说明:“a couple of”原义为“一对、一双”(指两个),但在口语中常泛化为“几个”(两三个),需根据上下文判断。
例句:A couple of birds sat on the branch, singing to each other.
考点五 同义转换:a couple of = a few / several
说明:中考常考同义句型转换。a couple of 可替换为 a few 或 several,均表示几个。
例句:I read a couple of books last week. (= I read a few books last week.)
celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/
n. 庆祝;庆典
课本原句:Let's have a party tonight to celebrate
考点一 固定搭配 have a celebration
说明:“celebration”常与 have, hold, join 等动词搭配,表示“举行/参加庆祝活动”。
例句:The school held a big celebration for the students who won the prize.
考点二 一词多义 celebration 庆祝 vs 庆典
说明:“celebration”既可指“庆祝”这一行为或心情,也可指“庆典活动”这一具体事件。
例句:The whole town joined the celebration of the Spring Festival.
考点三 辨析 celebration vs party
说明:“celebration”侧重“庆祝有特殊意义的事”,较正式;“party”侧重“社交聚会”,不一定有庆祝目的。
例句:The celebration was more than a party; it was a special event to mark the school's 50th year.
考点四 介词搭配 in celebration of
说明:“in celebration of”是固定短语,表示“为了庆祝……”,of 后接被庆祝的事物或事件。
例句:The students put on a show in celebration of Teachers' Day.
考点五 派生 celebrate (v.) / celebratory (adj.)
说明:“celebrate”是动词,表示“庆祝”;“celebration”是名词;“celebratory”是形容词,表示“庆祝的”。
例句:They celebrated their victory with a celebratory dinner at a nice restaurant.
考点六 同义转换:celebration = festivity / party
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。celebration 可替换为 festivity 或 party,均表示庆祝。
例句:The town held a big celebration. (= The town held a big festivity.)
oil /ɔɪl/
n. 食用油;石油
课本原句:They're good for making oil
考点一 固定搭配 be good for making oil
说明:“oil”常与 cooking, vegetable, olive 等词搭配表示食用油种类,也可与 crude, fuel 等搭配表示石油相关概念。
例句:Sunflower seeds are good for making cooking oil.
考点二 一词多义 oil 食用油 vs 石油
说明:“oil”既可指“食用油”(如 cooking oil),也可指“石油”(如 oil industry)。中考常见两种释义。
例句:Cooking oil comes from plants, while machine oil comes from the earth.
考点三 辨析 oil vs fuel
说明:“oil”是 fuel(燃料)的一种,专指液态石油类燃料;“fuel”范围更广,包括煤、天然气、木柴等所有可燃烧的物质。
例句:Oil is a type of fuel, but not all fuels are oil.
考点四 介词搭配 good for making oil
说明:“for”在 “good for making oil”中表示用途或目的,后接动词的 -ing 形式。
例句:This plant is good for making oil that can be used for cooking.
考点五 派生 oily / oil painting
说明:“oily”是形容词,表示“油的、含油的”;“oil painting”是复合名词,表示“油画”。
例句:The oily food made her feel a little sick after dinner.
考点六 同义转换:oil = petroleum / fat
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。oil 可替换为 petroleum 或 fat,均表示油。
例句:The country exports oil to many nations. (= The country exports petroleum to many nations.)
unlike /ʌnˈlaɪk/
prep. 不像 功能: 表对比
课本原句:Unlike apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air
考点一 固定搭配 unlike + 名词/代词
说明:“unlike”是介词,后接名词或代词,表示“不像、与……不同”,常用于句首对比两个事物。
例句:Unlike his brother, Tom enjoys reading books in his free time.
考点二 一词多义 unlike 介词 vs 形容词
说明:“unlike”最常用作介词,表示“不像”。作形容词时表示“不相似的、不同的”,用法如 be unlike each other。
例句:The twins are so unlike each other in character, though they look the same.
考点三 辨析 unlike vs different from
说明:“unlike”是单个介词,后直接接名词;“different from”是形容词短语,需搭配 be 动词使用。结构不同。
例句:Unlike the city, the village is quiet at night. The village is different from the city.
考点四 介词搭配 unlike + 名词 置于句首
说明:“unlike”常用于句首引导对比状语,后面用逗号与主句隔开,主句描述与前面不同的情况。
例句:Unlike most students, she prefers to study at night rather than in the morning.
考点五 派生 like / dislike / likely / unlikely
说明:“like”为反义词(像);“dislike”为动词(不喜欢);“likely”为形容词(可能的);“unlikely”为形容词(不可能的)。
例句:She is likely to help you, unlike her brother who is unlikely to care.
考点六 同义转换:unlike = different from / not like
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。unlike 可替换为 different from 或 not like,均表示不像。
例句:Unlike his brother, he is very quiet. (= Different from his brother, he is very quiet.)
dig out —
短语 挖掘出;发掘
课本原句:Until you dig it out
考点一 固定搭配 dig sth out
说明:“dig out”是及物短语动词,宾语可放在 dig 和 out 之间,也可放在 out 之后。表示“将某物从土里挖出来”。
例句:They dug the car out of the snow after the heavy storm.
考点二 介词搭配 dig out from / of
说明:“dig out from/of”后接地点名词,表示“从某处挖掘出来”。指出挖掘的来源或位置。
例句:The workers dug out an old statue from the ancient site.
考点三 一词多义 dig out 本义 vs 找出
说明:“dig out”本义为“挖掘出”实物,引申为“找出、翻出”(信息、旧衣物等),如 dig out old photos。
例句:I dug out my old textbooks to help my sister with her studies.
考点四 同义转换:dig out = unearth / extract
说明:中考常考同义句型转换。dig out 可替换为 unearth 或 extract,均表示挖出。
例句:They dug out the treasure from the sand. (= They extracted the treasure from the sand.)
stem /stem/
n. 茎,梗,柄
课本原句:by looking at its thin stem
考点一 固定搭配 a thin / long stem
说明:“stem”作名词时常与 thin, thick, long, short 等形容词搭配,描述植物茎的特征。
例句:The rose has a long stem, so you can put it in a tall vase.
考点二 一词多义 stem 茎 vs 词干
说明:“stem”本义为“植物的茎、梗”,在语言学中引申为“词干”(去掉词缀后的词根部分)。
例句:The stem of the word 'running' is 'run' after you remove the -ing.
考点三 辨析 stem vs root
说明:“stem”指“地上部分的茎”;“root”指“地下的根”。两者是植物不同部位的名称。
例句:The stem grows above ground, while the root grows below ground.
考点四 介词搭配 on the stem
说明:“on the stem”表示“在茎上”,常描述叶子或花在茎上的位置。by looking at the stem 表示“通过看茎”。
例句:You can see small leaves growing on the stem of the young plant.
考点五 同义转换:stem = stalk / shoot
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。stem 可替换为 stalk 或 shoot,均表示茎。
例句:The stem of the flower is long and thin. (= The stalk of the flower is long and thin.)
bear /beə(r)/
vt. 结(果实),开(花);生(孩子)
课本原句:whether it bears fruit or not
考点一 固定搭配 bear fruit / flowers
说明:“bear”作及物动词,可与 fruit, flowers, baby/child 等搭配。bear fruit 表示“结果实”,bear a child 表示“生孩子”。
例句:The apple tree in our garden bears fruit every autumn.
考点二 一词多义 bear 结果 vs 忍受
说明:“bear”作动词有多个含义:“结(果实)、生(孩子)”(过去分词 borne);“忍受”(如 can't bear the pain);除此之外 bear 也可作名词表示“熊”。
例句:I can't bear the heat in summer, but the mango trees bear sweet fruit in the same season.
考点三 辨析 bear vs produce
说明:“bear”强调“自然生长中结出果实”;“produce”强调“生产、制造出来”,可用于工业或农业语境,范围更广。
例句:The tree bears fruit every year, and the factory produces fruit juice from them.
考点四 介词搭配 bear fruit on the stem
说明:“bear”后接宾语,表示“结出/产出”。bear a child 中的宾语为被生育的人。bore 为过去式,borne/born 为过去分词。
例句:The flower will bear fruit if bees have visited it often enough.
考点五 派生 bearable / unbearable
说明:“bear”(忍受义)派生出 bearable(可忍受的)和 unbearable(难以忍受的)。born 侧重“出生”(如 be born),borne 侧重“产生/携带”。
例句:The pain was almost unbearable, but she bore it without complaining.
考点六 同义转换:bear = produce / yield
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。bear 作动词时可替换为 produce 或 yield,均表示结出、产生。
例句:The tree bears fruit in autumn. (= The tree produces fruit in autumn.)
attractive /əˈtræktɪv/
adj. 吸引人的
课本原句:though not very attractive
考点一 固定搭配 not very attractive
说明:“attractive”表示“吸引人的、有魅力的”,前可加 very, really, most 等程度副词,也可用否定形式 not very attractive。
例句:The shop window display was so attractive that many people stopped to look.
考点二 一词多义 attractive 外表 vs 内在
说明:“attractive”可指外貌的“吸引人的”,也可指想法、工作、价格等的“有吸引力的、诱人的”。
例句:The job offer was very attractive, so he decided to take it right away.
考点三 辨析 attractive vs beautiful
说明:“attractive”侧重“吸引人的气质、魅力”(未必是传统美);“beautiful”侧重“客观上的美丽、漂亮”。attractive 范围更广。
例句:She is not very beautiful, but she is very attractive because of her warm smile.
考点四 介词搭配 attractive to sb
说明:“be attractive to sb”表示“对某人有吸引力”。to 引出被吸引的对象。attractive for + 原因表示“因……而有吸引力”。
例句:The idea of working near the beach was very attractive to the students.
考点五 派生 attract / attraction / unattractive
说明:“attract”是动词(吸引);“attraction”是名词(吸引力、景点);“unattractive”是反义形容词(不吸引人的)。
例句:The museum has many modern exhibits that attract a lot of young visitors.
考点六 同义转换:attractive = appealing / charming
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。attractive 可替换为 appealing 或 charming,均表示有吸引力的。
例句:The garden looks attractive in spring. (= The garden looks appealing in spring.)
compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/
vt. 比较,对比
课本原句:compared with being useful
考点一 固定搭配 compare A with B
说明:“compare A with B”表示“将 A 与 B 进行比较”,侧重对比两者的异同。compare A to B 侧重“将 A 比作 B”。
例句:If you compare his first book with his latest one, you can see how much he has improved.
考点二 一词多义 compare 对比 vs 比作
说明:“compare”接 with 时表示“比较、对比”,强调分析异同;接 to 时表示“把……比作……”,是一种修辞手法。
例句:She compared the city lights to stars in the night sky.
考点三 辨析 compare with vs compare to
说明:“compare with”强调“客观比较”;“compare to”强调“比喻、比拟”。但 modern English 中两者有时可互换使用。
例句:Compared with last year, this year's harvest is much better.
考点四 介词搭配 compared with / compare to
说明:“compared with”常以过去分词形式作状语,置于句首或句中,表示“与……相比”。compared to 的用法相同。
例句:Compared with the city, life in the countryside is much quieter and simpler.
考点五 派生 comparison / comparable
说明:“comparison”是名词(比较),常用短语 in comparison with;“comparable”是形容词(可比较的、相当的)。
例句:There is no comparison between the two books; the first one is far more interesting.
考点六 同义转换:compare = contrast / weigh
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。compare 可替换为 contrast 或 weigh,均表示比较。
例句:She compared the two photos carefully. (= She contrasted the two photos carefully.)
expect sth of sb —
短语 期待某人做某事(或具备某种能力、品质)
课本原句:This is what I expect of you.
考点一 固定搭配 expect sth of sb
说明:“expect sth of sb”表示“期待某人做某事/拥有某种品质”。of 引出被期待的对象,sth 是期待的内容。
例句:My parents expect hard work and honesty of me.
考点二 介词搭配 expect sth of sb 中的 of
说明:“expect sth of sb”中 of 不可省略。与 expect sb to do sth 不同:expect sth of sb 中期待的是名词性事物;expect sb to do sth 中期待的是动作。
例句:The teacher expects more effort of every student in the class.
考点三 辨析 expect sth of sb vs expect sb to do
说明:“expect sth of sb”后接名词,表示期待某种品质或东西;“expect sb to do sth”后接动词不定式,表示期待某人做某件具体的事。结构不同。
例句:I expect you to finish the work on time. That is what I expect of every worker.
考点四 一词多义 expect 期待 vs 预计
说明:“expect”既可表示“期待、期望”(带感情色彩),也可表示“预计、预料”(中性推测),如 I expect it will rain。
例句:I expect the meeting will last about two hours.
考点五 派生 expectation (n.)
说明:“expectation”是名词,表示“期待、期望”。常用短语:meet one's expectations(达到预期)、beyond expectation(出乎意料)。
例句:The result was beyond everyone's expectation, and they all felt surprised.
考点六 同义转换:expect sth of sb = hope for sth from sb / demand sth of sb
说明:中考常考同义句型转换。expect sth of sb 可替换为 hope for sth from sb 或 demand sth of sb,均表示对某人有某期望。
例句:Parents expect too much of their children. (= Parents hope for too much from their children.)
hidden /ˈhɪdn/
adj. 隐藏的,隐匿的
课本原句:hidden treasure
考点一 固定搭配 hidden treasure / secret
说明:“hidden”作形容词,修饰名词表示“隐藏的、隐秘的”,常与 treasure, secret, meaning 等搭配。
例句:The children believed there was a hidden treasure somewhere in the old house.
考点二 一词多义 hidden 隐藏的 vs 潜在的
说明:“hidden”既指“物理上被藏起来的”,也可指“潜在的、不易察觉的”,如 hidden danger(隐患)、hidden talent(潜在才能)。
例句:The test is designed to find students with hidden talents in art and music.
考点三 辨析 hidden vs secret
说明:“hidden”强调“位置上的隐藏或被遮盖”;“secret”强调“信息上的保密、不公开”。一个偏实物,一个偏信息。
例句:A hidden key is not necessarily a secret one if everyone knows where it is.
考点四 介词搭配 hidden from / in / behind
说明:“hidden from view”表示“隐藏在视野之外”;“hidden in”表示“藏在某物里面”。hidden 可与多种介词连用。
例句:The village was hidden in the valley, far from the main road.
考点五 派生 hide 的过去分词
说明:“hidden”是动词 hide(隐藏)的过去分词形式,用作形容词。hide 的过去式为 hid。相关派生词有 hiding(躲藏)和 hideout(藏身处)。
例句:He hid the letter in his desk and kept it hidden for many years.
考点六 同义转换:hidden = concealed / secret
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。hidden 可替换为 concealed 或 secret,均表示隐藏的。
例句:He found a hidden door behind the shelf. (= He found a concealed door behind the shelf.)
society /səˈsaɪəti/
n. 社会
课本原句:important to society
考点一 固定搭配 be important to society
说明:“society”表示“社会”,常与 important, useful, helpful 等形容词搭配,描述对社会的重要性。
例句:Doctors and nurses are very important to society because they save lives.
考点二 一词多义 society 社会 vs 社团
说明:“society”最常见的意思是“社会”(抽象集体),也可指“社团、协会”(具体组织),如 film society(电影协会)。
例句:She joined the school's science society to learn more about experiments.
考点三 辨析 society vs community
说明:“society”范围较大,指整个社会或国家层面;“community”范围较小,指“社区、群体”,强调成员间的关联。
例句:In modern society, people often don't know their neighbours in the community.
考点四 介词搭配 in society / to society
说明:“in society”表示“在社会中”;“to society”表示“对社会来说”,常用于形容词 important/useful 后。
例句:Everyone should play their part in society to make it a better place.
考点五 派生 social / sociable
说明:“social”是形容词(社会的、社交的);“sociable”是形容词(好交际的、友善的),描述人的性格特征。两者源自同一词根 soci-。
例句:Social media plays an important role in today's society.
考点六 同义转换:society = community / public
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。society 可替换为 community 或 public,均表示社会。
例句:We should help the elderly in our society. (= We should help the elderly in our community.)
helpfulness /ˈhelpfəlnəs/
n. 乐于助人
课本原句:helpfulness is an amazing quality
考点一 固定搭配 helpfulness is a quality
说明:“helpfulness”常与 quality, kindness, spirit 等词搭配,描述“乐于助人的品质”。
例句:Helpfulness is a quality that makes the world a warmer and better place.
考点二 一词多义 helpfulness 乐于助人 vs 有用性
说明:“helpfulness”主要指“乐于助人”(用于描述人的品质),也可泛化为“有帮助、有用”(用于描述事物的重要性)。
例句:The helpfulness of this book lies in its clear explanations for beginners.
考点三 辨析 helpfulness vs kindness
说明:“helpfulness”侧重“主动提供帮助的行为和意愿”;“kindness”侧重“与人为善的善良心态”,范围更宽泛(不限于帮助行为)。
例句:Kindness is about being nice, while helpfulness is about taking action to help.
考点四 介词搭配 helpfulness to others / towards
说明:“helpfulness to others”表示“对他人的帮助行为”。to 引出帮助的对象。也可用 towards。
例句:Her helpfulness to complete strangers shows what a kind person she truly is.
考点五 派生 helpful (adj.) / help (v./n.) / helpless (adj.)
说明:“helpfulness”由 help 派生而来。helpful 是形容词(有帮助的、乐于助人的),helpless 是反义形容词(无助的)。-ness 是名词后缀。
例句:Being helpful to others is a simple way to spread happiness every day.
考点六 同义转换:helpfulness = willingness to help / assistance
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。helpfulness 可替换为 willingness to help 或 assistance,均表示乐于助人。
例句:She is known for her helpfulness. (= She is known for her willingness to help.)
purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/
n. 重要意义;目的,意图
课本原句:finding your purpose in life
考点一 固定搭配 the purpose of
说明:“the purpose of”表示“……的目的”,后接名词或动名词,用于说明某事的目的或意图。
例句:What is the purpose of your visit?
考点二 介词搭配 on purpose
说明:“on purpose”是固定短语,表示“故意地、有意地”,强调行为不是偶然的,而是有意识地做出的。
例句:He broke the window on purpose, not by accident.
考点三 辨析 purpose vs goal
说明:“purpose”侧重“目的、意图”,强调做某事的内在原因和意义;“goal”侧重“目标”,强调想要达到的具体结果。
例句:Her purpose in life is to help others, and her goal is to become a doctor.
考点四 一词多义 purpose 重要意义 vs 目的
说明:“purpose”既可表示“重要意义”(指人生的内在价值和意义),也可表示“目的、意图”(指做某事的具体目标)。
例句:Finding your purpose in life gives you direction and motivation.
考点五 同义转换:purpose = aim / goal
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。purpose 可替换为 aim 或 goal,均表示目的。
例句:The purpose of the meeting is to plan the trip. (= The aim of the meeting is to plan the trip.)
satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/
adj. 满意的
课本原句:you might never be satisfied in life
课本原句:The boss is satisfied with John's job
考点一 介词搭配 be satisfied with
说明:“be satisfied with”表示“对……感到满意”,后接名词或动名词,描述某人对某事物的满意程度。
例句:The boss is satisfied with John's job.
考点二 辨析 satisfied vs satisfying
说明:“satisfied”是 -ed 形式,描述“人对某事物的感受”(感到满意);“satisfying”是 -ing 形式,描述“事物本身的品质”(令人满意的)。
例句:The teacher was satisfied with the satisfying results of the exam.
考点三 一词多义 satisfied 满意 vs 满足
说明:“satisfied”既可表示“满意的”(对特定事物感到满足),也可表示更一般的“满足的”(对生活整体状态感到知足)。
例句:You might never be satisfied in life if you always want more.
考点四 固定搭配 be satisfied in life
说明:“be satisfied in life”表示“在生活中感到满意”,“in”表示在生活的整体范围内,与“with”(对具体事物满意)用法不同。
例句:If you don't love your job, you might never be satisfied in life.
考点五 派生 satisfy/satisfaction 的用法
说明:“satisfy”是动词,表示“使满意、满足”;“satisfaction”是名词,表示“满意、满足”。常见搭配:“to one's satisfaction”(令某人满意地)。
例句:The good news satisfied everyone, and they expressed their satisfaction.
考点六 同义转换:satisfied = content / pleased
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。satisfied 可替换为 content 或 pleased,均表示满意的。
例句:She was satisfied with her test results. (= She was content with her test results.)
boss /bɒs/
n. 老板,上司
课本原句:The boss is satisfied with John's job
考点一 固定搭配 one's boss
说明:“boss”常与所有格连用,如“my boss”、“his boss”,表示“某人的老板/上司”。
例句:My boss gave me a new project to work on this week.
考点二 介词搭配 report to the boss
说明:“report to”表示“向……汇报”,后接人名或职位名词,常与“boss”搭配使用。
例句:All employees must report to the boss every Monday morning.
考点三 辨析 boss vs manager
说明:“boss”是口语化用词,泛指“老板、上司”;“manager”是正式用语,指“经理、管理者”,强调管理职责。
例句:The boss owns the company, but the manager runs the daily operations.
考点四 一词多义 boss 老板 vs 指挥
说明:“boss”既可作名词表示“老板、上司”,也可作动词表示“指挥、发号施令”,口语中常用“boss around”。
例句:He always tries to boss everyone around, but nobody likes it.
考点五 同义转换:boss = manager / employer
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。boss 可替换为 manager 或 employer,均表示老板。
例句:His boss gave him a day off. (= His manager gave him a day off.)
dentist /ˈdentɪst/
n. 牙科医生
课本原句:My cousin's wife enjoys working as a dentist
考点一 固定搭配 see/go to a dentist
说明:“see a dentist”或“go to a dentist”表示“看牙医”,是常见的健康就医表达。
例句:You should see a dentist if you have a toothache.
考点二 介词搭配 work as a dentist
说明:“work as”后接职业名词,表示“以……职业工作”,“work as a dentist”即“当牙医”。
例句:My cousin's wife enjoys working as a dentist.
考点三 一词多义 -ist 后缀表示职业
说明:“-ist”是常见后缀,表示“从事某专业的人”,如“dentist”(牙医)、“artist”(艺术家)、“scientist”(科学家)。
例句:Many words ending in -ist refer to professions, like artist and scientist.
考点四 派生 dental 的用法
说明:“dental”是形容词,表示“牙齿的、牙科的”,常用于“dental care”(牙齿护理)、“dental health”(口腔健康)等搭配。
例句:Good dental care is important for keeping your teeth healthy.
考点五 同义转换:dentist = dental surgeon / tooth doctor
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。dentist 可替换为 dental surgeon 或 tooth doctor,均表示牙医。
例句:I visited the dentist yesterday. (= I visited the dental surgeon yesterday.)
wife /waɪf/
n. (pl. wives) 妻子
课本原句:My cousin's wife enjoys working as a dentist
考点一 固定搭配 husband and wife
说明:“husband and wife”表示“夫妻”,是固定搭配,描述已婚两人之间的关系。
例句:They have been husband and wife for twenty years.
考点二 介词搭配 one's wife
说明:“wife”常与所有格代词连用,如“my wife”、“his wife”,表示“某人的妻子”,也可用“wife of”结构。
例句:My cousin's wife enjoys working as a dentist.
考点三 一词多义 wife 的复数变化 f→ves
说明:“wife”的复数形式为“wives”,遵循以“-f”或“-fe”结尾的名词变“-ves”的规则,同类词还有“knife→knives”、“life→lives”。
例句:The wives of the soldiers waited at home for news.
考点四 同义转换:wife = spouse / married woman
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。wife 可替换为 spouse 或 married woman,均表示妻子。
例句:His wife is a teacher. (= His spouse is a teacher.)
passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/
n. 章节;段落;乐段
课本原句:reading a passage about peanuts
考点一 固定搭配 read a passage
说明:“read a passage”表示“阅读一段/一篇文章”,常出现在阅读理解和考试说明中。
例句:Amy felt encouraged after reading a passage about peanuts.
考点二 介词搭配 a passage about/of
说明:“a passage about”表示“关于……的段落”,后接主题名词;“a passage from”表示“出自……的段落”。
例句:We read a passage about the history of Dunhuang in class.
考点三 辨析 passage vs paragraph
说明:“passage”指“一段文章、章节”,可以是多个段落组成的长段;“paragraph”指“一个段落”,是文章的基本组成单位。
例句:The passage has three paragraphs, each with a different main idea.
考点四 一词多义 passage 章节 vs 乐段 vs 通道
说明:“passage”既可表示“章节、段落”(文本),也可表示“乐段”(音乐),还可表示“通道、走廊”(建筑空间)。
例句:The musician played a beautiful passage from the symphony.
考点五 同义转换:passage = section / paragraph
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。passage 可替换为 section 或 paragraph,均表示段落。
例句:Read the passage and answer the questions. (= Read the section and answer the questions.)
stamp /stæmp/
n. 邮票
课本原句:She has a large stamp collection
考点一 固定搭配 stamp collection
说明:“stamp collection”表示“邮票收藏”,是常见的固定搭配,描述收集邮票的活动或成果。
例句:She has a large stamp collection and she's very good at chess.
考点二 介词搭配 collect stamps
说明:“collect stamps”表示“收集邮票”,“collect”后直接接“stamps”,不需要介词。
例句:Many children collect stamps as a hobby to learn about different countries.
考点三 辨析 stamp vs coin
说明:“stamp”指“邮票”,用于邮寄信件;“coin”指“硬币”,作为货币使用。两者都是常见的收藏品。
例句:He collects both stamps and coins from different countries.
考点四 一词多义 stamp 邮票 vs 跺脚 vs 印章
说明:“stamp”既可作名词表示“邮票”,也可表示“印章、印记”;作动词时表示“跺脚、盖章”。
例句:She stamped her foot in anger and put a stamp on the envelope.
考点五 同义转换:stamp = seal / mark
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。stamp 作名词时可替换为 seal 或 mark,均表示邮票、印章。
例句:He stuck a stamp on the envelope. (= He stuck a seal on the envelope.)
daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/
n. 女儿
课本原句:Daughter of Dunhuang
考点一 固定搭配 Daughter of ...
说明:“Daughter of”后接地名或组织名,表示“……的女儿/守护者”,常用于比喻意义,形容对某地或某事业有深厚感情和贡献的女性。
例句:Fan Jinshi is known as the Daughter of Dunhuang.
考点二 介词搭配 daughter of
说明:“daughter of”表示“……的女儿”,后接人名或所有格,描述家庭关系。
例句:She is the daughter of a famous scientist.
考点三 一词多义 daughter 女儿 vs 后裔
说明:“daughter”既可表示“女儿”(家庭关系),也可在文学比喻中表示“后裔、传承者”,如“Daughter of Dunhuang”并非指亲生女儿,而是指守护传承者。
例句:The Daughter of Dunhuang devoted her life to protecting the ancient caves.
考点四 同义转换:daughter = girl child / female offspring
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。daughter 可替换为 girl child 或 female offspring,均表示女儿。
例句:They have a daughter and a son. (= They have a girl child and a son.)
devote /dɪˈvəʊt/
vt. 献身,致力,专心
课本原句:she has devoted a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves
考点一 固定搭配 devote oneself to
说明:“devote oneself to”表示“致力于、献身于”,后接名词或动名词,描述将全部精力投入某事。
例句:She devoted herself to protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves.
考点二 介词搭配 devote ... to ... 中的 to
说明:“devote”后必须接介词“to”,表示“把……献给/致力于”,“to”是介词,后接名词或动名词,不可接动词不定式。
例句:He has devoted his life to helping poor children in the village.
考点三 辨析 devote vs spend
说明:“devote”强调“献身、致力”,含崇敬和奉献色彩;“spend”强调“花费时间/金钱”,是中性表达,不含奉献意味。
例句:She devoted her life to research, while he spent his time watching TV.
考点四 一词多义 devote 献身 vs 专心
说明:“devote”既可表示“献身”(将生命或事业奉献给崇高目标),也可表示“专心、致力”(将精力集中于某项工作)。
例句:He devoted all his attention to solving the difficult maths problem.
考点五 派生 devotion 的用法
说明:“devotion”是名词,表示“奉献、忠诚”,常与“to”连用,如“devotion to duty”(忠于职守)、“devotion to work”(敬业精神)。
例句:Her devotion to teaching has inspired many students over the years.
考点六 同义转换:devote = dedicate / give
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。devote 可替换为 dedicate 或 give,均表示奉献、致力。
例句:She devoted her life to teaching. (= She dedicated her life to teaching.)
devote … to … —
短语 把…奉献给…
课本原句:she has devoted a large part of her life to researching
考点一 固定搭配 devote one's life to
说明:“devote one's life to”表示“将一生奉献给……”,后接名词或动名词,是表达终身投入某事业的经典搭配。
例句:Fan Jinshi has devoted her life to protecting the Dunhuang caves.
考点二 介词搭配 devote ... to 中的 to 是介词
说明:“devote ... to ...”中的“to”是介词而非不定式符号,后接名词或动名词,不可接动词原形。这是中考常见考点。
例句:She devoted her time to studying English, not to play games.
考点三 辨析 devote ... to ... vs spend ... on ...
说明:“devote ... to ...”强调“奉献、致力”,含崇高感情色彩;“spend ... on ...”强调“花费”,是中性表达。两者介词不同:“to” vs “on”。
例句:He devoted his energy to research, while she spent her money on clothes.
考点四 一词多义 devote ... to ... 奉献 vs 专心
说明:“devote ... to ...”既可表示“把……奉献给……”(崇高事业),也可表示“把……专心于……”(日常学习或工作),含义因语境而异。
例句:He devoted his weekend to reading, not to playing video games.
考点五 派生 devoted 的形容词用法
说明:“devoted”是形容词,表示“忠诚的、深爱的”,如“a devoted friend”(忠实的朋友)、“a devoted mother”(慈爱的母亲)。
例句:She is a devoted teacher who always puts her students first.
考点六 同义转换:devote ... to ... = dedicate ... to ... / apply ... to ...
说明:中考常考同义句型转换。devote ... to ... 可替换为 dedicate ... to ... 或 apply ... to ...,均表示致力于。
例句:He devotes his time to studying English. (= He dedicates his time to studying English.)
research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/
vt.&vi. & n. 研究
课本原句:researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves
考点一 固定搭配 do/carry out research
说明:“do research”或“carry out research”表示“做研究”,是描述科研活动的常见搭配。
例句:The scientists carried out research on the effects of pollution.
考点二 介词搭配 research on/in
说明:“research on”表示“关于……的研究”,后接研究领域或主题;“research in”表示“在……领域的研究”。
例句:She has done a lot of research on the history of Dunhuang.
考点三 辨析 research vs study
说明:“research”侧重“深入研究、调查研究”,通常是系统性的学术探索;“study”侧重“学习、研究”,范围更广,包括日常学习。
例句:She is doing research on climate change, while he is studying for the exam.
考点四 一词多义 research 动词 vs 名词
说明:“research”既可作动词表示“研究”(vt.&vi.),也可作名词表示“研究”(n.),两者含义相同但词性和用法不同。
例句:She researched the topic carefully, and her research was published.
考点五 派生 researcher 的用法
说明:“researcher”是名词,表示“研究人员”,由“research”加“-er”后缀构成,指从事研究工作的人。
例句:The researcher spent ten years studying the ancient paintings.
考点六 同义转换:research = study / investigation
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。research 可替换为 study 或 investigation,均表示研究。
例句:She is doing research on climate change. (= She is doing a study on climate change.)
house /haʊz/
vt. 收藏,安置
课本原句:Dunhuang caves house about 45,000 square metres of wall paintings
考点一 固定搭配 house sth
说明:“house”作动词表示“收藏、安置”,常用结构为“某地 house 某物”,表示某地容纳或存放某物。
例句:The museum houses thousands of ancient paintings and sculptures.
考点二 辨析 house (动词) vs contain
说明:“house”作动词强调“安置、收藏”,多用于建筑或机构容纳珍贵物品;“contain”强调“包含、容纳”,是更一般的“内有”表达。
例句:The cave houses ancient treasures, while the box contains everyday items.
考点三 一词多义 house 名词 vs 动词
说明:“house”作名词读作/haʊs/,表示“房子、住宅”;作动词读作/haʊz/,表示“收藏、安置”。读音和意义随词性变化。
例句:The old house houses a collection of rare books from the 18th century.
考点四 派生 housing 的用法
说明:“housing”是名词,表示“住房、住宅”,常用于“housing problem”(住房问题)、“housing conditions”(居住条件)等搭配。
例句:The government is trying to improve housing conditions for poor families.
考点五 同义转换:house = home / dwelling
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。house 可替换为 home 或 dwelling,均表示房子、住所。
例句:They bought a new house in the city. (= They bought a new dwelling in the city.)
overtourism /ˌəʊvəˈtʊərɪzəm/
n. 过度旅游
课本原句:overtourism in the last century
考点一 固定搭配 overtourism in
说明:“overtourism”常与时间或地点搭配,如“overtourism in the last century”,表示“某时期/某地的过度旅游”。
例句:Overtourism in the last century damaged many ancient treasures.
考点二 介词搭配 damage due to overtourism
说明:“due to overtourism”表示“由于过度旅游”,“due to”后接原因名词,说明损害的根源。
例句:The paintings were damaged due to natural causes and overtourism.
考点三 辨析 overtourism vs tourism
说明:“overtourism”指“过度旅游”,强调游客过多导致负面影响;“tourism”是中性词,仅表示“旅游、旅游业”。
例句:Tourism brings money, but overtourism can destroy cultural heritage.
考点四 一词多义 overtourism 的构词分析
说明:“overtourism”由前缀“over-”(过度)加“tourism”(旅游业)构成,“over-”前缀表示超过正常限度,同类词有“overwork”、“overpopulation”。
例句:Words like overwork and overpopulation also use the prefix over-.
考点五 派生 tourism/tourist 的用法
说明:“tourism”是名词,表示“旅游业”;“tourist”是名词,表示“游客”。两者是“overtourism”的基础词。
例句:Many tourists visit the city every year, supporting local tourism.
考点六 同义转换:overtourism = excessive tourism / too many visitors
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。overtourism 可替换为 excessive tourism 或 too many visitors,均表示过度旅游。
例句:Overtourism has damaged the old town. (= Excessive tourism has damaged the old town.)
digitalize /ˈdɪdʒɪtəlaɪz/
vt. (=digitalise) 使(信息)数字化
课本原句:digitalizing the caves
课本原句:Digital Dunhuang
考点一 固定搭配 digitalize sth
说明:“digitalize”后直接接宾语,表示“使某物数字化”,常用于将传统信息转为数字形式的语境。
例句:They are digitalizing the ancient caves to protect them online.
考点二 介词搭配 come up with the idea of digitalizing
说明:“come up with the idea of”后接动名词,表示“提出……的想法”,“of”后接“digitalizing”等动名词。
例句:Fan came up with the idea of digitalizing the caves in the late 1980s.
考点三 一词多义 digitalize 的英式变体
说明:“digitalize”和“digitalise”是同一词的不同拼写形式,前者为美式,后者为英式,含义和用法完全相同。
例句:The museum plans to digitalise all its ancient records next year.
考点四 派生 digital/digitalization 的用法
说明:“digital”是形容词,表示“数字的”;“digitalization”是名词,表示“数字化过程”。常见搭配如“Digital Dunhuang”。
例句:The Digital Dunhuang website allows people to see the caves online.
考点五 同义转换:digitalize = digitize / computerize
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。digitalize 可替换为 digitize 或 computerize,均表示数字化。
例句:The library plans to digitalize its records. (= The library plans to digitize its records.)
graduate /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/
vi.&vt. (大学)毕业
课本原句:after she graduated in 1963
考点一 固定搭配 graduate from
说明:“graduate from”表示“从……毕业”,后接学校名称,是表达毕业的最常见搭配。
例句:She graduated from Beijing University in 1963.
考点二 介词搭配 graduate in
说明:“graduate in”后接年份或专业,表示“在某年毕业”或“毕业于某专业”。
例句:She went to work in Dunhuang after she graduated in 1963.
考点三 辨析 graduate vs finish
说明:“graduate”特指“毕业”,完成学业并获得学位或证书;“finish”是通用词,仅表示“完成”,不限于学业。
例句:She graduated from university, not just finished her courses.
考点四 一词多义 graduate 动词 vs 名词
说明:“graduate”作动词读作/ˈɡrædʒueɪt/,表示“毕业”;作名词读作/ˈɡrædʒuət/,表示“毕业生”。读音随词性变化。
例句:The graduate graduated last year and now works as a teacher.
考点五 派生 graduation 的用法
说明:“graduation”是名词,表示“毕业、毕业典礼”,常见搭配有“graduation ceremony”(毕业典礼)、“after graduation”(毕业后)。
例句:She went to Dunhuang right after her graduation in 1963.
考点六 同义转换:graduate = finish school / complete studies
说明:中考常考同义句型转换。graduate 可替换为 finish school 或 complete studies,均表示毕业。
例句:She graduated from college last year. (= She finished college last year.)
serve /sɜːv/
vt. 能满足…的需要
vt.&vi. 服务;提供
课本原句:serve the needs of her country
考点一 固定搭配 serve the needs of
说明:“serve the needs of”表示“满足……的需要”,后接人名、国家或群体名词,强调为他人提供所需。
例句:Fan felt it was her duty to serve the needs of her country.
考点二 介词搭配 serve as
说明:“serve as”表示“担任、充当”,后接职位或角色名词,描述某人以某种身份服务。
例句:The old building now serves as a museum for visitors.
考点三 辨析 serve vs help
说明:“serve”强调“服务、提供”,含正式和职业色彩;“help”强调“帮助”,是更日常、更个人化的表达。
例句:A doctor serves the community, and a friend helps you when you need it.
考点四 一词多义 serve 满足需要 vs 服务 vs 提供
说明:“serve”既可表示“能满足……的需要”(侧重满足需求),也可表示“服务”(侧重提供帮助),还可表示“提供(食物等)”。
例句:The restaurant serves delicious food and serves the local community.
考点五 派生 service 的用法
说明:“service”是名词,表示“服务、公共事业”,常见搭配有“public service”(公共服务)、“service industry”(服务业)。
例句:Good public service is important for the development of a city.
考点六 同义转换:serve = work for / attend to
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。serve 可替换为 work for 或 attend to,均表示服务。
例句:He has served the company for ten years. (= He has worked for the company for ten years.)
condition /kənˈdɪʃn/
n. 状态,状况
课本原句:the condition of the caves has been improved
考点一 固定搭配 in good/bad condition
说明:“in good condition”表示“状态良好”;“in bad condition”表示“状况糟糕”,是描述事物状态的常见搭配。
例句:After years of effort, the condition of the caves has been improved.
考点二 介词搭配 the condition of
说明:“the condition of”表示“……的状态/状况”,后接名词,描述某事物的当前状况。
例句:The condition of the ancient paintings has been improved a lot.
考点三 辨析 condition vs situation
说明:“condition”侧重“状态、状况”,描述事物的物理或健康状态;“situation”侧重“局势、处境”,描述更宏观的社会或个人处境。
例句:The condition of the building is poor, but the situation is improving.
考点四 一词多义 condition 状态 vs 条件
说明:“condition”既可表示“状态、状况”(描述事物的物理状态),也可表示“条件”(描述前提或要求),如“on condition that”(在……条件下)。
例句:He agreed to help on condition that she would study harder.
考点五 派生 conditional 的用法
说明:“conditional”是形容词,表示“有条件的”,如“conditional acceptance”(有条件录取)。名词形式“conditions”复数表示“条件、环境”。
例句:The university gave him conditional admission based on his exam results.
考点六 同义转换:condition = state / situation
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。condition 可替换为 state 或 situation,均表示条件、状况。
例句:The house is in good condition. (= The house is in a good state.)
contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/
vi.&vt. 贡献,增进,促成
课本原句:contribute in some way
课本原句:contribute in a small way
考点一 固定搭配 contribute to
说明:“contribute to”表示“对……做出贡献、促成”,后接名词或动名词,是表达贡献和影响的核心搭配。
例句:Her hard work contributed to the success of the project.
考点二 介词搭配 contribute in a way
说明:“contribute in a way”表示“以某种方式做出贡献”,“in”后接方式描述,如“in a small way”(以微小方式)、“in some way”(以某种方式)。
例句:Anyone can contribute in some way to making the world better.
考点三 辨析 contribute vs devote
说明:“contribute”强调“贡献、增进”,可以是部分投入;“devote”强调“献身、致力”,是全身心投入。两者程度不同。
例句:He contributes money to the charity, while she devotes her life to it.
考点四 一词多义 contribute 贡献 vs 促成
说明:“contribute”既可表示“贡献”(主动给予帮助或资源),也可表示“促成、增进”(作为因素推动某结果发生)。
例句:Good habits contribute to health, and her kindness contributed to the team's success.
考点五 派生 contribution 的用法
说明:“contribution”是名词,表示“贡献、捐献”,常见搭配有“make a contribution to”(对……做出贡献)。
例句:She made a great contribution to the protection of cultural heritage.
考点六 同义转换:contribute = give / donate
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。contribute 可替换为 give 或 donate,均表示贡献、捐献。
例句:He contributed money to the charity. (= He donated money to the charity.)
judge /dʒʌdʒ/
vt.&vi. 判断,认为
vt. 审判
课本原句:judge how meaningful our lives are
考点一 固定搭配 judge by/from
说明:“judge by”或“judge from”表示“根据……来判断”,后接判断依据,是表达评判标准的常见搭配。
例句:We can judge how meaningful our lives are by how many people we help.
考点二 介词搭配 judge ... by ...
说明:“judge ... by ...”表示“通过……来判断……”,“by”后接标准或依据,强调判断的方式和依据。
例句:Don't judge a person by their appearance alone.
考点三 辨析 judge vs decide
说明:“judge”侧重“判断、评估”,对事物做出评价或裁决;“decide”侧重“决定”,做出选择或下定决心。
例句:You can judge the quality, but only she can decide what to buy.
考点四 一词多义 judge 判断 vs 审判
说明:“judge”既可表示“判断、认为”(日常评价),也可表示“审判”(法律语境中的裁决),还可作名词表示“法官、裁判”。
例句:The judge judged the case fairly in the court.
考点五 派生 judgement 的用法
说明:“judgement”(美式“judgment”)是名词,表示“判断、判断力”,常见搭配有“make a judgement”(做出判断)、“good judgement”(良好的判断力)。
例句:Making good judgements is an important skill in life.
考点六 同义转换:judge = evaluate / assess
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。judge 可替换为 evaluate 或 assess,均表示判断、评价。
例句:Don't judge a book by its cover. (= Don't evaluate a book by its cover.)
amazed /əˈmeɪzd/
adj. 大为惊奇
课本原句:I'm amazed by her story
考点一 介词搭配 be amazed by/at
说明:“be amazed by”或“be amazed at”表示“对……大为惊奇”,后接名词,描述强烈的惊讶感受。
例句:I'm amazed by her story of devoting her life to Dunhuang.
考点二 辨析 amazed vs amazing
说明:“amazed”是 -ed 形式,描述“人对某事物的感受”(大为惊奇);“amazing”是 -ing 形式,描述“事物本身的品质”(令人惊奇的)。
例句:I was amazed by the amazing view from the top of the mountain.
考点三 一词多义 amazed 大为惊奇 vs 震惊
说明:“amazed”表示“大为惊奇”,强调正面的、赞叹性的惊讶;与“shocked”(震惊,常含负面色彩)含义不同。
例句:She was amazed by the beautiful painting, not shocked by it.
考点四 固定搭配 amazed to find/see
说明:“be amazed to”后接动词,表示“惊奇地发现/看到……”,描述意外发现时的惊讶感。
例句:He was amazed to see how much the city had changed.
考点五 派生 amaze 的动词用法
说明:“amaze”是动词,表示“使惊奇”,常以被动形式出现。名词形式“amazement”表示“惊奇”,搭配“in amazement”(惊奇地)。
例句:The story amazes everyone, and they listen in amazement.
考点六 同义转换:amazed = surprised / astonished
说明:中考常考同义词汇转换。amazed 可替换为 surprised 或 astonished,均表示惊讶的。
例句:She was amazed by the beautiful view. (= She was surprised by the beautiful view.)
make up one’s mind —
短语 下定决心
课本原句:have made up my mind to live my life just like him
考点一 固定搭配 make up one's mind to do
说明:“make up one's mind to do sth”表示“下定决心做某事”,后接动词不定式,强调经过思考后做出坚定决定。
例句:I have made up my mind to live my life just like him.
考点二 介词搭配 make up one's mind about
说明:“make up one's mind about”表示“对……下定决心”,后接名词,描述在某个问题或选择上做出决定。
例句:She has made up her mind about what to study at university.
考点三 辨析 make up one's mind vs decide
说明:“make up one's mind”强调“经过犹豫后下定决心”,含心理过程;“decide”强调“做出决定”,不含犹豫暗示。
例句:After thinking for a long time, he finally made up his mind to go.
考点四 一词多义 make up 的其他含义
说明:“make up”除“下定决心”外,还可表示“组成、构成”(如 make up 50%)、“编造”(如 make up a story)、“弥补”(如 make up for)。
例句:Women make up half of the team, and he made up an excuse for being late.
考点五 派生 mind 的名词用法
说明:“mind”作名词表示“头脑、心思”,常见搭配有“keep in mind”(记住)、“change one's mind”(改变主意)、“out of mind”(发疯)。
例句:You should keep in mind that hard work leads to success.
考点六 同义转换:make up one's mind = decide / determine
说明:中考常考同义句型转换。make up one's mind 可替换为 decide 或 determine,均表示下定决心。
例句:She made up her mind to study abroad. (= She decided to study abroad.)
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