Unit 2 Teenage problems 重点词汇核心考点精讲（讲义）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新教材译林版

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过词性分类表格和目录检索系统构建了9AU2重点单词的知识体系，将名词、动词、形容词等按类别梳理，并对每个单词从固定搭配、近义辨析、同义转换等维度分层呈现考点，结合课本原句和例句揭示知识内在联系，突出重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“考点分层+语境应用”的设计，如“drive”的考点涵盖“drive sb mad”搭配、“迫使vs驾驶”辨析及同义转换，通过例句对比培养语言能力和思维品质。每个单词配易错点提醒，基础学生可掌握核心用法，优秀学生能深化拓展，为教师实施分层教学和学生自主复习提供精准支持。

9AU2重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 teenage 1 drive 2 mad 3 be in low spirits 3 lately 4 cut back on sth 5 decision 5 patience 6 stick 7 stick to 7 stress 8 under stress 9 waste 9 mobile phone 10 regret 11 exam 11 focused 12 argue 13 silly 13 normal 14 stress sb out 15 bottom 15 dialogue 16 communicate 17 dictionary 17 hear of 18 youth 19 stage 19 experience 20 rapid 21 ugly 21 mood 22 risk 22 risk sth/doing sth 23 go through 24 adult 24 mean 25 stranger 25 uncomfortable 26 midterm 27 tight 27 overweight 28 bully 29 stand up for sb/sth 29 screen 30 bedtime 30 pain 31 get sb down 32 shame 32 词性分类 【名词 (n.)】decision、patience、stress、mobile phone、exam、bottom、dialogue、dictionary、youth、stage、mood、adult、stranger、screen、bedtime、pain、shame 【动词 (v.)】drive、stick、waste、regret、argue、communicate、experience、risk、bully 【形容词 (adj.)】teenage、mad、focused、silly、normal、rapid、ugly、mean、uncomfortable、midterm、tight、overweight 【副词 (adv.)】lately 【短语】be in low spirits、cut back on sth、stick to、under stress、stress sb out、hear of、risk sth/doing sth、go through、stand up for sb/sth、get sb down teenage /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ adj. 青少年的，十几岁的 课本原句：Teenage years are a stage of change and growth. 课本原句：Are you finding teenage life difficult? 课本原句：If you are feeling bad during your teenage years 考点一 固定搭配 teenage years 说明：teenage years 表示“青少年时期”，常与 during, in 等介词搭配，描述这一特殊成长阶段。 例句：During your teenage years, you may experience many physical and emotional changes. 考点二 辨析 teenage vs teenager 说明：teenage 是形容词，只能作定语修饰名词；teenager 是名词，指“青少年”这个人。两者词性不同，不可混用。 例句：Many teenagers find teenage life both exciting and challenging. 考点三 固定搭配 teenage life/problems 说明：teenage 常修饰 life, problems, years 等名词，表示与青少年相关的事物。 例句：Teenage problems should be taken seriously by both parents and teachers. 考点四 派生 teenager 的可数用法 说明：teenager 是可数名词，指13至19岁的青少年，可加 -s 表示复数，常与 young, modern 等形容词搭配。 例句：Modern teenagers face more pressure than those in the past. 考点五 同义转换：teenage years = adolescence / youth 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。teenage years 可替换为 adolescence 或 youth。例如 During his teenage years 可转换为 During his adolescence。 例句：During his teenage years, he developed a strong interest in science. (= During his adolescence, he developed a strong interest in science.) drive /draɪv/ vt. 迫使 vt. 驾驶 课本原句：My mum ________ in my life. It drives me mad. 课本原句：It drives me mad. 考点一 固定搭配 drive sb mad/crazy 说明：drive sb mad/crazy 意为“使某人发疯/抓狂”，drive 此处表示“迫使”，后接形容词作宾语补足语。 例句：The loud noise from the construction site drives me mad every morning. 考点二 一词多义 drive 迫使 vs 驾驶 说明：drive 既可表示“迫使”（drive sb to do sth），也可表示“驾驶”（drive a car），需根据语境判断。 例句：My father drives me to school every day, but the long traffic jam drives me crazy. 考点三 句型 drive sb to do sth 说明：drive sb to do sth 意为“迫使某人做某事”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形。 例句：Poverty drove him to work harder and never give up. 考点四 辨析 drive vs ride 说明：drive 强调自己驾驶车辆（drive a car/bus）；ride 强调乘坐骑乘（ride a bike/horse）。两者动作主体和对象不同。 例句：My dad drives a car to work, while I ride a bike to school. 考点五 同义转换：drive sb mad = make sb mad / drive sb crazy 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。drive sb mad 可替换为 make sb mad 或 drive sb crazy，三者意思相近。 例句：The loud noise drives me mad. (= The loud noise makes me mad. / The loud noise drives me crazy.) mad /mæd/ adj. 气愤 adj. 疯的 课本原句：It drives me mad. 考点一 固定搭配 drive sb mad 说明：drive sb mad 意为“使某人发疯/抓狂”，是中考高频短语，mad 作宾语补足语。 例句：Waiting for hours in the hospital drove the patients mad. 考点二 固定搭配 be mad at sb 说明：be mad at sb 意为“对某人生气”，侧重对人的愤怒情绪，常用于口语。 例句：My mum is mad at me because I broke her favourite cup. 考点三 辨析 mad vs angry 说明：mad 和 angry 都表示“生气的”，但 mad 更口语化，angry 更正式；mad 还有“疯的”之意。 例句：She was angry with her brother, but she was not mad enough to leave home. 考点四 固定搭配 be mad about sth 说明：be mad about sth 意为“对某事着迷”，此处 mad 表示“狂热的”，与 angry 无关。 例句：My brother is mad about football and watches every match on TV. 考点五 同义转换：be mad at sb = be angry with sb / be annoyed with sb 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。be mad at sb 可替换为 be angry with sb 或 be annoyed with sb，均表示对某人生气。 例句：She was mad at her brother for breaking her cup. (= She was angry with her brother for breaking her cup.) be in low spirits /biː ɪn ləʊ ˈspɪrɪts/ 短语 情绪低落 课本原句：You've been in low spirits all day. 考点一 固定搭配 be in low spirits 说明：be in low spirits 意为“情绪低落”，spirits 用复数形式表示“情绪”，常与 be, feel 等动词搭配。 例句：After failing the exam, Tom was in low spirits for the whole week. 考点二 反义搭配 in high spirits 说明：in high spirits 意为“情绪高涨”，与 in low spirits 互为反义，是中考常见对比表达。 例句：The students were in high spirits when they won the basketball match, unlike the losing team who were in low spirits. 考点三 介词搭配 in spirits 说明：表达情绪状态用介词 in，即 in spirits，不能用 at 或 with。常见搭配还有 in good/bad spirits。 例句：Even in bad spirits, she tried to smile and talk to her friends. 考点四 搭配 lift/raise sb's spirits 说明：lift/raise sb's spirits 意为“使某人振作起来”，是 in low spirits 的常用应对表达。 例句：A warm hug from Mum always lifts my spirits when I am in low spirits. 考点五 同义转换：be in low spirits = feel down / be depressed 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。be in low spirits 可替换为 feel down 或 be depressed，均表示情绪低落。 例句：He has been in low spirits since he failed the exam. (= He has felt down since he failed the exam.) lately /ˈleɪtli/ adv. 最近 课本原句：I feel so tired lately. 课本原句：I often feel lonely lately. 考点一 时态 lately 与现在完成时 说明：lately 意为“最近”，常与现在完成时或一般过去时搭配，表示从过去某时到现在这段时间内发生的事。 例句：Have you seen any good movies lately? I have been very busy with homework. 考点二 辨析 lately vs recently 说明：lately 和 recently 都表示“最近”，但 recently 更正式，可直接修饰动词；lately 多用于句末。 例句：She has been feeling tired lately, but recently she started exercising and feels better. 考点三 位置 lately 多置于句末 说明：lately 通常放在句末，不放在句中或句首，这是与 recently 的一个区别。 例句：I have not slept well lately because of too much homework. 考点四 辨析 lately vs late 说明：lately 是副词，意为“最近”；late 可作副词或形容词，意为“迟的/晚的”。两者形近但义不同。 例句：He arrived late for class again, and lately the teacher has been very unhappy with him. 考点五 用法 lately 用于否定和疑问句 说明：lately 常用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中更多用 recently 替代。 例句：Have you heard from your pen pal lately? I have not received any letters recently. 考点六 同义转换：lately = recently / of late 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。lately 可替换为 recently 或 of late，均表示最近。 例句：Have you seen any good movies lately? (= Have you seen any good movies recently?) cut back on sth /kʌt bæk ɒn/ 短语 减少，削减，缩减 课本原句：If you don't want to cut back on reading, you should try to manage your time better. 课本原句：I wonder whether I should cut back on football. 考点一 固定搭配 cut back on sth 说明：cut back on sth 意为“减少/削减某物”，on 是介词，后接名词或动名词，常用于减少开支、时间、活动等。 例句：The school decided to cut back on after-school activities to save money. 考点二 辨析 cut back on vs cut down on 说明：cut back on 和 cut down on 都表示“减少”，但 cut down on 更侧重减少数量或频率，cut back on 侧重缩减规模。 例句：The doctor told him to cut down on sugar, and the school cut back on junk food in the canteen. 考点三 用法 cut back on + doing sth 说明：cut back on 后接动名词时，表示减少做某事的频率，如 cut back on playing games。 例句：You should cut back on playing video games and spend more time reading. 考点四 同义转换：cut back on = reduce / cut down on 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。cut back on 可替换为 reduce 或 cut down on，均表示减少。 例句：The school decided to cut back on after-school activities. (= The school decided to reduce after-school activities.) decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定 课本原句：I feel like my parents make all the decisions in my life 课本原句：I think I should be able to make some decisions. 考点一 固定搭配 make a decision 说明：make a decision 意为“做决定”，是中考高频搭配，不能用 do a decision。也可说 make decisions（复数）。 例句：It is hard for teenagers to make their own decisions without parents' help. 考点二 辨析 decision vs choice 说明：decision 侧重经过思考后的“决定”，常含果断之意；choice 侧重“选择”，强调从多个选项中挑选。 例句：She made a decision to study harder, but her first choice of subject was math. 考点三 句型 a decision to do sth 说明：a decision to do sth 中不定式作 decision 的后置定语，表示“做某事的决定”。 例句：His decision to join the football team surprised everyone in the class. 考点四 固定搭配 reach/come to a decision 说明：reach a decision 和 come to a decision 都表示“做出决定”，比 make a decision 更正式。 例句：After a long discussion, the committee reached a decision to build a new library. 考点五 同义转换：make a decision = decide / make up one's mind 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。make a decision 可替换为 decide 或 make up one's mind，均表示做决定。 例句：She made a decision to study harder. (= She decided to study harder. / She made up her mind to study harder.) patience /ˈpeɪʃns/ n. 耐心 课本原句：they either lose patience or just stick to their own opinions 课本原句：please have some patience 考点一 固定搭配 have patience with sb/sth 说明：have patience with sb/sth 意为“对某人/某事有耐心”，with 后接耐心的对象。 例句：A good teacher should have patience with students who learn slowly. 考点二 辨析 patience(n.) vs patient(adj.) 说明：patience 是名词，意为“耐心”；patient 作形容词时也意为“有耐心的”，作名词时意为“病人”。 例句：You need patience to teach children, and you must be patient even when they make mistakes. 考点三 固定搭配 lose patience 说明：lose patience 意为“失去耐心”，常与 with 搭配，即 lose patience with sb。 例句：The teacher lost patience with the noisy students who kept talking in class. 考点四 介词搭配 with patience 说明：with patience 意为“耐心地”，用介词 with 表示方式，等同于 patiently。 例句：She waited for her turn with patience, although the line was very long. 考点五 派生 patient 的两种词性 说明：patient 既可作形容词“有耐心的”，也可作名词“病人”，需根据语境判断词性。 例句：The patient doctor carefully explained the treatment to every patient in the hospital. 考点六 同义转换：have patience = be patient / wait patiently 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。have patience 可替换为 be patient 或 wait patiently，均表示有耐心。 例句：A good teacher should have patience with slow learners. (= A good teacher should be patient with slow learners.) stick /stɪk/ vi.&vt. 粘贴，粘住 vi.&vt. 刺，插入 课本原句：just stick to their own opinions 考点一 固定搭配 stick to sth 说明：stick to sth 意为“坚持某事”，to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，表示不改变立场或计划。 例句：If you stick to your study plan, you will make great progress. 考点二 一词多义 stick 粘贴 vs 坚持 说明：stick 既可表示具体的“粘贴，粘住”，也可表示抽象的“坚持”，需根据语境判断。 例句：He stuck the poster on the wall and decided to stick to his new study plan. 考点三 固定搭配 stick out 说明：stick out 意为“伸出，突出”，表示某物从整体中凸出或伸出。 例句：Be careful not to let your head stick out of the car window. 考点四 固定搭配 stick together 说明：stick together 意为“团结在一起，互相支持”，常用于鼓励朋友或团队。 例句：No matter what happens, our class should stick together and help each other. 考点五 同义转换：stick to = adhere to / hold on to 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。stick to 可替换为 adhere to 或 hold on to，均表示坚持。 例句：If you stick to your plan, you will succeed. (= If you adhere to your plan, you will succeed.) stick to /stɪk tuː/ 短语 坚持 课本原句：just stick to their own opinions 课本原句：Just stick to the right way, and things will be better! 考点一 用法 stick to + n./doing 说明：stick to 中 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词原形。如 stick to reading 不能写 stick to read。 例句：She sticks to running every morning, even when it is raining. 考点二 辨析 stick to vs insist on 说明：stick to 后接名词或动名词，侧重坚持立场或计划；insist on 后接名词或动名词，侧重坚决要求或主张。 例句：He stuck to his opinion, while his friend insisted on changing the plan. 考点三 固定搭配 stick to one's opinion 说明：stick to one's opinion 意为“坚持自己的观点”，常用于描述不轻易改变想法的人。 例句：Even when everyone disagreed, she stuck to her opinion about the project. 考点四 固定搭配 stick to the plan/rule 说明：stick to the plan/rule 意为“坚持计划/遵守规则”，强调不偏离既定安排。 例句：If you stick to the study plan, you will be well prepared for the exams. 考点五 同义转换：stick to = insist on / hold on to 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。stick to 可替换为 insist on 或 hold on to，均表示坚持。 例句：She sticks to running every morning. (= She insists on running every morning.) stress /stres/ n. 精神压力，心理负担 vt.&vi. 强调 课本原句：I am under a lot of stress at school! 课本原句：Worries about low marks and exams can cause stress for many students. 考点一 固定搭配 under stress 说明：under stress 意为“承受压力”，under 表示处于某种状态之中，常与 a lot of 搭配。 例句：Students who are under stress may find it hard to focus on their studies. 考点二 固定搭配 stress sb out 说明：stress sb out 意为“使某人极度焦虑”，是口语中常用表达，强调压力对人的影响。 例句：Too much homework and too many exams really stress me out. 考点三 辨析 stress vs pressure 说明：stress 和 pressure 都表示“压力”，但 stress 更强调心理上的紧张和焦虑，pressure 可指外部施加的压力。 例句：The stress of exams made her ill, and the pressure from her parents made things worse. 考点四 派生 stressed vs stressful 说明：stressed 指人感到“有压力的”（be stressed about）；stressful 指事物“令人有压力的”（a stressful job）。 例句：She felt stressed about the stressful exam week ahead. 考点五 一词多义 stress(n.) vs stress(v.) 说明：stress 作名词表示“压力”；作动词表示“强调”，即 stress the importance of sth。 例句：The teacher stressed the importance of reading, knowing that exam stress affects many students. 考点六 同义转换：under stress = under pressure / stressed 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。under stress 可替换为 under pressure 或 stressed，均表示承受压力。 例句：Students who are under stress may find it hard to focus. (= Students who are under pressure may find it hard to focus.) under stress /ˈʌndə stres/ 短语 在压力之下，承受压力 课本原句：I am under a lot of stress at school! 课本原句：whether the students were under a lot of stress 考点一 固定搭配 under stress 说明：under stress 意为“承受压力”，介词 under 表示处于某种状态之中，是描述心理状态的高频表达。 例句：Many middle school students are under stress because of too much homework. 考点二 辨析 under stress vs under pressure 说明：under stress 和 under pressure 都表示“承受压力”，但 under pressure 还可指受到外部逼迫去做某事。 例句：He was under stress from exams and felt under pressure to get top marks. 考点三 搭配 under a lot of stress 说明：under stress 常与 a lot of, too much 等量词搭配，表示压力的程度，a lot of 修饰不可数名词 stress。 例句：She has been under a lot of stress since her parents started arguing. 考点四 搭配 suffer from stress 说明：suffer from stress 意为“遭受压力的困扰”，suffer from 后接疾病或负面状态。 例句：Many teenagers suffer from stress but are afraid to talk about it. 考点五 搭配 cause/reduce stress 说明：cause stress 意为“造成压力”，reduce stress 意为“减轻压力”，两者常用于讨论压力的来源与应对。 例句：Exams cause stress, but listening to music can help reduce stress. 考点六 同义转换：under stress = under pressure / stressed out 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。under stress 可替换为 under pressure 或 stressed out，均表示承受压力。 例句：Many students are under stress because of exams. (= Many students are under pressure because of exams.) waste /weɪst/ vt. 浪费，滥用 课本原句：Sometimes I waste time on my mobile phone 考点一 句型 waste time doing sth 说明：waste time doing sth 意为“浪费时间做某事”，doing 用动名词形式，不能用 to do。 例句：Don't waste time playing games when you should be studying for exams. 考点二 固定搭配 waste time/money on sth 说明：waste time/money on sth 意为“在某事上浪费金钱/时间”，on 是介词，后接名词。 例句：He wasted all his pocket money on snacks and had nothing left for books. 考点三 辨析 waste vs spend 说明：waste 和 spend 结构相同（waste/spend time doing sth），但 waste 表示“浪费”（贬义），spend 表示“花费”（中性）。 例句：She spent two hours reading but wasted thirty minutes looking at her phone. 考点四 句型 a waste of time/money 说明：a waste of time/money 意为“浪费时间/金钱”，waste 此处作名词，of 后接被浪费的资源。 例句：Playing video games all day is a complete waste of time. 考点五 搭配 waste no time in doing sth 说明：waste no time in doing sth 意为“毫不迟延地做某事”，是固定表达，in doing 不可省略。 例句：The students wasted no time in starting their group project after school. 考点六 同义转换：waste time doing = spend time uselessly / squander time 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。waste time doing sth 可替换为 spend time uselessly doing sth 或 squander time doing sth，均表示浪费时间。 例句：Don't waste time playing games. (= Don't spend time uselessly playing games.) mobile phone /ˈməʊbaɪl fəʊn/ n. 手机 课本原句：Sometimes I waste time on my mobile phone 课本原句：Stay away from your mobile phone 考点一 介词搭配 on one's mobile phone 说明：表示“在手机上”用介词 on，即 on one's mobile phone，如 on the phone 表示正在通话。 例句：Don't spend too much time on your mobile phone before bedtime. 考点二 辨析 mobile phone vs telephone 说明：mobile phone 指移动电话/手机，可随身携带；telephone 指固定电话，不能移动。两者使用场景不同。 例句：I called my grandma on the telephone because she does not have a mobile phone. 考点三 搭配 stay away from mobile phones 说明：stay away from sth 意为“远离某物”，常用于建议减少使用手机等电子产品。 例句：The teacher advised us to stay away from mobile phones while studying. 考点四 相关 on the phone 的用法 说明：on the phone 意为“在通话中”，表示正在进行电话交谈，是固定表达。 例句：Sorry I did not answer your message. I was on the phone with Mum. 考点五 同义转换：mobile phone = cell phone / smartphone 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。mobile phone 可替换为 cell phone 或 smartphone，均指手机。 例句：Don't spend too much time on your mobile phone. (= Don't spend too much time on your cell phone.) regret /rɪˈɡret/ vt. 懊悔，感到遗憾 课本原句：I always regret it after 考点一 句型 regret doing sth 说明：regret doing sth 意为“后悔做过某事”，doing 用动名词，表示对已发生之事感到后悔。 例句：She regretted not studying harder for the midterm exam. 考点二 辨析 regret doing vs regret to do 说明：regret doing sth 表示后悔已经做过的事；regret to do sth 表示遗憾地要做某事（常接 tell, say 等动词），两者意义不同。 例句：I regret to tell you the bad news, and I also regret not warning you earlier. 考点三 句型 regret + that 从句 说明：regret 后可接 that 从句，表示“遗憾/后悔的是...”，that 可省略。 例句：He regretted that he had wasted so much time on video games. 考点四 搭配 regret one's decision 说明：regret one's decision 意为“后悔某人的决定”，regret 后直接接名词短语。 例句：After moving to a new city, she soon regretted her decision. 考点五 同义转换：regret doing = feel sorry for doing / feel bad about 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。regret doing sth 可替换为 feel sorry for doing sth 或 feel bad about doing sth，均表示后悔做某事。 例句：She regretted not studying harder. (= She felt sorry for not studying harder.) exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试 课本原句：I just had my history exam 课本原句：study for your exams 课本原句：midterm exams 考点一 固定搭配 take/have an exam 说明：take/have an exam 意为“参加考试”，不能用 do an exam。take 为最常见搭配。 例句：All students will take the final exam next week in the school hall. 考点二 辨析 exam vs test 说明：exam 指正式的考试（如期中、期末考试）；test 指小测验或测试，规模较小。两者正式程度不同。 例句：We have a small test every Friday and a big exam at the end of the term. 考点三 固定搭配 pass/fail an exam 说明：pass an exam 意为“通过考试”，fail an exam 意为“考试不及格”，两者为反义搭配。 例句：He was proud to pass the exam, but his friend was sad to fail it. 考点四 搭配 study/prepare for exams 说明：study for exams 意为“为考试复习”，也可用 prepare for exams，后者更强调系统准备。 例句：She spent the whole weekend studying for her midterm exams. 考点五 搭配 midterm/final exams 说明：midterm exams 意为“期中考试”，final exams 意为“期末考试”，两者均为复合名词。 例句：After the midterm exams, students start preparing for the final exams. 考点六 同义转换：take an exam = have an exam / sit an exam 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。take an exam 可替换为 have an exam 或 sit an exam，均表示参加考试。 例句：All students will take the final exam next week. (= All students will have the final exam next week.) focused /ˈfəʊkəst/ adj. 注意力集中的，目标明确的 课本原句：make sure that you are focused when studying 考点一 固定搭配 stay/keep focused 说明：stay/keep focused 意为“保持专注”，focused 作形容词，与 stay, keep 等系动词搭配。 例句：It is hard to stay focused when there are so many distractions around you. 考点二 搭配 be focused on sth 说明：be focused on sth 意为“集中于某事”，on 是介词，后接名词或动名词，表示注意力的方向。 例句：She was so focused on her homework that she did not hear the phone ring. 考点三 用法 focused 修饰人 说明：focused 通常修饰人，表示“注意力集中的”，不用于修饰事物。如 a focused student。 例句：The most focused student in our class always gets the highest marks. 考点四 派生 focus on 的用法 说明：focus on 是 focused 的动词形式，意为“集中于”，on 是介词，后接名词或动名词。 例句：You should focus on your studies instead of worrying about other things. 考点五 同义转换：stay focused = keep focused / concentrate 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。stay focused 可替换为 keep focused 或 concentrate，均表示保持专注。 例句：It is hard to stay focused when there are distractions. (= It is hard to concentrate when there are distractions.) argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ vi. 争论，争吵，争辩 课本原句：Amy often argues with her best friend about silly little things. 课本原句：Why did I argue with my friends yesterday? 考点一 固定搭配 argue with sb about sth 说明：argue with sb about sth 意为“与某人争论某事”，with 后接争论对象，about 后接争论内容。 例句：The two students argued with each other about whose turn it was to clean the classroom. 考点二 辨析 argue vs discuss 说明：argue 侧重“争论，争吵”，含对立情绪；discuss 侧重“讨论”，态度平和、理性交流。 例句：They argued about the answer at first, but then discussed the problem calmly. 考点三 搭配 argue for/against sth 说明：argue for sth 意为“支持某事”，argue against sth 意为“反对某事”，for 与 against 互为反义。 例句：Some students argued for more free time, while others argued against changing the timetable. 考点四 句型 argue that... 说明：argue 后可接 that 从句，表示“据理力争地说...”，表明陈述方的立场。 例句：The teacher argued that students needed more time to finish the project. 考点五 派生 argument 的用法 说明：argument 是 argue 的名词形式，意为“争论，论点”，注意拼写去 e 加 u ment。 例句：They had a long argument about where to go for the school trip. 考点六 同义转换：argue with sb = have an argument with sb / quarrel with sb 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。argue with sb 可替换为 have an argument with sb 或 quarrel with sb，均表示与某人争吵。 例句：She argued with her friend about the plan. (= She had an argument with her friend about the plan.) silly /ˈsɪli/ adj. 傻的，愚蠢的 课本原句：argues with her best friend about silly little things 考点一 辨析 silly vs stupid 说明：silly 侧重“可笑的傻，幼稚的”，语气较轻；stupid 侧重“愚蠢的，笨的”，语气更重，有冒犯之意。 例句：It was silly of him to forget his umbrella, but it would be stupid to go out in the storm without one. 考点二 句型 It's silly of sb to do sth 说明：It's silly of sb to do sth 意为“某人做某事真傻”，用 of 而非 for，因为 silly 描述人的品质。 例句：It was silly of me to wear shorts on such a cold day. 考点三 搭配 silly things/mistakes 说明：silly 常修饰 things, mistakes, questions 等名词，表示“可笑的/幼稚的”事物。 例句：Don't be afraid to ask questions, even if they seem like silly questions. 考点四 辨析 silly vs foolish 说明：silly 更口语化，常用于日常小事；foolish 更正式，侧重缺乏判断力的“愚蠢”，语气较重。 例句：It was silly to laugh in class, but it was foolish to cheat on the exam. 考点五 同义转换：silly = foolish / stupid 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。silly 可替换为 foolish 或 stupid，均表示傻的、愚蠢的。 例句：It was silly of him to forget his umbrella. (= It was foolish of him to forget his umbrella.) normal /ˈnɔːml/ adj. 正常的，典型的 课本原句：Is this normal? 课本原句：change is normal for teens during this time 课本原句：Sometimes I'm not sure whether that's normal. 考点一 辨析 normal vs common 说明：normal 侧重“正常的，符合标准的”，强调与预期一致；common 侧重“常见的，普遍的”，强调频率高。 例句：It is common to feel nervous before exams, and this is completely normal. 考点二 句型 It's normal for sb to do sth 说明：It's normal for sb to do sth 意为“某人做某事是正常的”，for sb to do sth 为不定式复合结构。 例句：It is normal for teenagers to feel confused about their future. 考点三 搭配 normal life 说明：normal life 意为“正常生活”，常用于描述恢复常态或与异常状态对比。 例句：After the operation, it took him three months to return to a normal life. 考点四 派生 normally 的用法 说明：normally 是副词，意为“通常地，正常地”，常置于句首或动词前，表示惯常情况。 例句：I normally go to bed at ten, but tonight I have too much homework. 考点五 同义转换：normal = usual / common / regular 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。normal 可替换为 usual 或 common 或 regular，均表示正常的、通常的。 例句：It is normal to feel nervous before exams. (= It is usual to feel nervous before exams.) stress sb out /stres ˈsʌmbədi aʊt/ 短语 使极度焦虑，使压力大 课本原句：it would stress me out even more 考点一 用法 stress sb out 说明：stress sb out 意为“使某人极度焦虑”，out 是副词，sb 作 stress 的宾语，可放在 out 前后。 例句：All these rules and exams really stress the students out. 考点二 搭配 be stressed out 说明：be stressed out 意为“感到极度焦虑”，是 stress sb out 的被动/形容词形式，主语是人。 例句：She was so stressed out before the big exam that she could not sleep. 考点三 用法 sth stresses sb out 说明：stress sb out 的主语通常是某事，如 too much homework, exams, noise 等，表示这些事物使人焦虑。 例句：Too much noise from the construction site stresses me out when I am trying to study. 考点四 同义转换：stress sb out = make sb anxious / worry sb 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。stress sb out 可替换为 make sb anxious 或 worry sb，均表示使某人焦虑。 例句：Too much homework really stresses me out. (= Too much homework really makes me anxious.) bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n. 底部 n. 底 课本原句：In the bottom of my heart, I just want to succeed 考点一 固定搭配 at the bottom of 说明：at the bottom of 意为“在...的底部”，at 表示具体位置点，of 后接范围名词。 例句：There is a beautiful garden at the bottom of the hill behind our school. 考点二 辨析 bottom vs base 说明：bottom 指最底部的部分，可指具体或抽象；base 指建筑物或物体的基础、根基，强调支撑作用。 例句：The bottom of the cup was broken, and the base of the table was not stable either. 考点三 固定搭配 at the bottom of one's heart 说明：at the bottom of one's heart 意为“在内心深处”，表示真实的、最深层的感受。 例句：At the bottom of his heart, he knew that his parents loved him very much. 考点四 搭配 from top to bottom 说明：from top to bottom 意为“从上到下，彻底地”，表示从头到尾或彻底搜索。 例句：The students searched the classroom from top to bottom but could not find the lost key. 考点五 一词多义 bottom 底部 vs 最低位置 说明：bottom 既可指物理上的“底部”，也可指排名或水平的“最低位置”，需根据语境判断。 例句：He found his pen at the bottom of his bag and was glad he was not at the bottom of the class. 考点六 同义转换：at the bottom of = at the base of / at the lowest part of 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。at the bottom of 可替换为 at the base of 或 at the lowest part of，均表示在底部。 例句：There is a garden at the bottom of the hill. (= There is a garden at the base of the hill.) dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话 课本原句：they do not know how they can have an honest dialogue with their parents 考点一 固定搭配 have a dialogue with sb 说明：have a dialogue with sb 意为“与某人对话”，比 talk to 更正式，强调双方交流。 例句：Students should have a dialogue with their teachers about their learning problems. 考点二 辨析 dialogue vs conversation 说明：dialogue 侧重正式的、有深度的“对话”，常用于解决问题；conversation 侧重日常的“交谈”，更随意。 例句：They had a quick conversation about the weather, but the dialogue about their future was serious. 考点三 搭配 an honest dialogue 说明：an honest dialogue 意为“坦诚的对话”，honest 修饰 dialogue，强调真诚交流。 例句：Having an honest dialogue with your parents can solve many misunderstandings. 考点四 介词搭配 dialogue between A and B 说明：dialogue between A and B 意为“A 与 B 之间的对话”，between 强调双方之间的交流。 例句：The dialogue between parents and teenagers is important for a happy family. 考点五 同义转换：have a dialogue = have a conversation / have a talk 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。have a dialogue 可替换为 have a conversation 或 have a talk，均表示进行对话。 例句：Students should have a dialogue with their teachers. (= Students should have a conversation with their teachers.) communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ vi. 沟通 vi.&vt. 沟通 课本原句：I don't know whether I can communicate with them. 考点一 固定搭配 communicate with sb 说明：communicate with sb 意为“与某人沟通”，with 后接沟通对象，是中考高频搭配。 例句：It is important for teenagers to learn how to communicate with their parents. 考点二 辨析 communicate vs talk 说明：communicate 侧重“沟通，交流”，可包含语言和非语言方式；talk 侧重“说话，谈话”，仅限语言交流。 例句：Even when they did not talk, they could communicate through eye contact. 考点三 搭配 communicate sth to sb 说明：communicate sth to sb 意为“把某事传达给某人”，communicate 此处作及物动词，to 后接接收者。 例句：The teacher tried to communicate the importance of honesty to her students. 考点四 介词搭配 communicate by 说明：communicate by 意为“通过...方式沟通”，by 后接沟通方式，如 by phone, by email。 例句：Nowadays, many teenagers prefer to communicate by sending messages on their phones. 考点五 派生 communication 的用法 说明：communication 是不可数名词，意为“交流，沟通”，常见搭配有 good/poor communication。 例句：Good communication between parents and children can prevent many arguments. 考点六 同义转换：communicate with = talk to / get in touch with 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。communicate with sb 可替换为 talk to sb 或 get in touch with sb，均表示与某人沟通。 例句：It is important to communicate with your parents. (= It is important to talk to your parents.) dictionary /ˈdɪkʃənri/ n. 词典，辞书 课本原句：Do I need to buy an English dictionary? 考点一 固定搭配 look up a word in a dictionary 说明：look up a word in a dictionary 意为“在词典中查词”，注意 look up 的宾语是 word 而非 dictionary。 例句：If you don't know a word, you can look it up in a dictionary. 考点二 辨析 dictionary vs vocabulary 说明：dictionary 指具体的“词典”（可数名词）；vocabulary 指一个人掌握的“词汇量”（不可数/集合名词）。 例句：She bought a new dictionary to help expand her English vocabulary. 考点三 搭配 an English/Chinese dictionary 说明：an English dictionary 意为“英语词典”，a Chinese dictionary 意为“汉语词典”，语言名称修饰 dictionary。 例句：Our English teacher told us to bring an English dictionary to every class. 考点四 介词搭配 in the dictionary 说明：表示“在词典中”用介词 in，即 in the dictionary，不用 on。 例句：I found the meaning of this word in the dictionary. 考点五 同义转换：look up a word = check in a dictionary / find in a dictionary 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。look up a word in a dictionary 可替换为 check a word in a dictionary 或 find a word in a dictionary。 例句：You can look up the word in a dictionary. (= You can check the word in a dictionary.) hear of /hɪə ɒv/ 短语 听说 课本原句：Have you ever heard of Mr Friend? 考点一 辨析 hear of vs hear from 说明：hear of 意为“听说”（得知某人事的存在）；hear from 意为“收到某人的来信/消息”。两者意义完全不同。 例句：I have heard of the writer, but I have never heard from him since I sent my letter. 考点二 辨析 hear of vs hear about 说明：hear of 侧重知道某人/某事的存在；hear about 侧重听说关于某事的详细情况。两者侧重点不同。 例句：I have heard of the new student, but I have not heard about why he changed schools. 考点三 时态 have heard of 说明：hear of 常与现在完成时搭配，即 have heard of，表示从过去到现在这段时间内听说过某人/某事。 例句：Have you ever heard of this book? Everyone in my class is talking about it. 考点四 用法 hear of sb/sth 说明：hear of 后接人或事物名词，表示知道其存在或名声，常用于疑问句和否定句。 例句：I have never heard of that singer before. Is she famous? 考点五 辨析 hear vs hear of 说明：hear 直接接宾语时表示“听到（声音）”；hear of 表示“听说”，是通过他人间接得知。 例句：I heard the bell ring, and later I heard of the fire alarm test. 考点六 同义转换：hear of = know about / learn about 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。hear of 可替换为 know about 或 learn about，均表示听说、了解。 例句：Have you ever heard of this writer? (= Have you ever learned about this writer?) youth /juːθ/ n. 青年 n. 青春 课本原句：a famous youth worker 考点一 搭配 youth worker 说明：youth worker 意为“青年工作者”，youth 作定语修饰 worker，指为青少年提供服务的人。 例句：The youth worker helps teenagers with their problems at school and at home. 考点二 辨析 youth(n.) vs young(adj.) 说明：youth 是名词，指“青年，青春”；young 是形容词，指“年轻的”。词性不同，用法不同。 例句：In his youth, he was a young and energetic football player. 考点三 搭配 in one's youth 说明：in one's youth 意为“在某人年轻时”，表示过去的某个时期，常与一般过去时搭配。 例句：My grandfather often says that in his youth, life was much simpler. 考点四 一词多义 youth 青春 vs 青年人 说明：youth 作不可数名词时指“青春”（时期）；作可数名词时指“青年人”（复数 youths），需根据语境判断。 例句：She enjoyed her youth, and now she works with troubled youths at the community center. 考点五 同义转换：youth = young people / the young 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。youth 作集合名词时可替换为 young people 或 the young，均表示年轻人。 例句：The youth of today face many challenges. (= The young people of today face many challenges.) stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 阶段，时期 n. 舞台 课本原句：Teenage years are a stage of change and growth. 课本原句：during this stage 考点一 固定搭配 a stage of 说明：a stage of 意为“...的一个阶段”，of 后接阶段所属性质的名词，如 growth, change。 例句：Learning to speak English well is a stage of long practice. 考点二 一词多义 stage 阶段 vs 舞台 说明：stage 既可表示“阶段，时期”（a stage of life），也可表示“舞台”（on stage），需根据语境判断。 例句：She is going through a difficult stage of life, but she still dreams of performing on stage. 考点三 搭配 on stage 说明：on stage 意为“在舞台上”，用介词 on，表示表演状态，是固定搭配。 例句：The students felt nervous when they stood on stage for the first time. 考点四 搭配 at this stage 说明：at this stage 意为“在这个阶段”，at 表示时间节点，常用于描述当前状况。 例句：At this stage of your studies, you should focus on improving your reading skills. 考点五 同义转换：a stage of = a phase of / a period of 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。a stage of 可替换为 a phase of 或 a period of，均表示一个阶段。 例句：Teenage years are a stage of change. (= Teenage years are a phase of change.) experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ vt. 经历 n. 经验 课本原句：for their bodies to experience rapid changes in shape 考点一 一词多义 experience(v.) vs experience(n.) 说明：experience 作动词时意为“经历，体验”；作名词时意为“经验”（不可数）或“经历”（可数），需根据语境判断。 例句：She experienced many difficulties, but her rich experience helped her overcome them. 考点二 辨析 experience vs go through 说明：experience 侧重亲身体验，可为正面或负面；go through 侧重经历困难、痛苦，语气更重。 例句：He experienced culture shock when he moved abroad, and went through many hard times. 考点三 搭配 experience changes/difficulties 说明：experience 作动词时常接 changes, difficulties, problems 等名词，表示经历变化或困难。 例句：Teenagers experience many physical and emotional changes during puberty. 考点四 辨析 experience(经验) vs experience(经历) 说明：作不可数名词时 experience 指“经验”；作可数名词时指“一次经历”。可数性与意义相关。 例句：She has much experience in teaching, and travelling abroad was an unforgettable experience for her. 考点五 派生 experienced 的用法 说明：experienced 是形容词，意为“有经验的”，常与 in 搭配，即 be experienced in sth/doing sth。 例句：Our English teacher is very experienced in helping students with writing. 考点六 同义转换：experience = go through / live through 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。experience 作动词时可替换为 go through 或 live through，均表示经历。 例句：Teenagers experience many changes during puberty. (= Teenagers go through many changes during puberty.) rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 快速的 课本原句：experience rapid changes in shape 考点一 辨析 rapid vs fast 说明：rapid 和 fast 都表示“快的”，但 rapid 更正式，常修饰变化、发展等抽象名词；fast 更口语化，常修饰速度、运动。 例句：The city has seen rapid growth, and the fast trains make travel much easier. 考点二 搭配 rapid changes/growth 说明：rapid 常修饰 changes, growth, development 等抽象名词，表示“快速的”变化或发展。 例句：The rapid changes in technology have changed the way students learn. 考点三 辨析 rapid vs quick 说明：rapid 侧重持续的速度快，常修饰过程；quick 侧重动作耗时短，常修饰单个动作。 例句：There has been a rapid rise in prices, so she made a quick decision to buy what she needed. 考点四 派生 rapidly 的用法 说明：rapidly 是副词，意为“快速地”，常修饰动词，表示动作或变化的速度。 例句：The population of the city has grown rapidly over the past ten years. 考点五 搭配 rapid progress 说明：rapid progress 意为“快速进步”，是描述学习发展的常用搭配。 例句：She has made rapid progress in English since she started reading every day. 考点六 同义转换：rapid = fast / quick / swift 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。rapid 可替换为 fast 或 quick 或 swift，均表示快速的。 例句：The city has seen rapid growth. (= The city has seen fast growth.) ugly /ˈʌɡli/ adj. 丑陋的 课本原句：make them feel ugly 课本原句：even make you feel ugly 考点一 辨析 ugly vs terrible 说明：ugly 指“丑陋的”，侧重外观；terrible 指“可怕的，糟糕的”，可形容外观也可形容感受或状况。 例句：The old building looked ugly, but the weather inside was even more terrible. 考点二 搭配 feel ugly 说明：feel ugly 意为“觉得自己丑”，feel 作系动词，ugly 作表语，常用于描述青少年的心理状态。 例句：Some teenagers feel ugly when they compare themselves to others on social media. 考点三 搭配 an ugly duckling 说明：an ugly duckling 是“丑小鸭”的固定表达，比喻后来变好的人或物，源自安徒生童话。 例句：She was shy and felt like an ugly duckling, but she grew up to be a confident young woman. 考点四 同义转换：ugly = unattractive / unpleasant-looking 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。ugly 可替换为 unattractive 或 unpleasant-looking，均表示丑陋的、不好看的。 例句：The old building looked ugly. (= The old building looked unattractive.) mood /muːd/ n. 情绪，心情 课本原句：changes in mood are very common 考点一 固定搭配 in a good/bad mood 说明：in a good/bad mood 意为“心情好/差”，用介词 in，mood 前用 a 而非 the。 例句：My dad is in a bad mood when he comes home from work, but he is in a good mood on weekends. 考点二 辨析 mood vs feeling 说明：mood 侧重一段时间内的“心情，情绪状态”；feeling 侧重瞬间的“感觉，感受”，更短暂。 例句：Her mood was cheerful all day, but a sudden feeling of worry hit her before the exam. 考点三 搭配 changes in mood 说明：changes in mood 意为“情绪变化”，in 后接变化的对象，是描述青少年心理的常见表达。 例句：Rapid changes in mood are normal for teenagers during puberty. 考点四 固定搭配 in the mood for sth 说明：in the mood for sth 意为“有心情做某事”，for 后接名词或动名词，表示有意愿。 例句：I am not in the mood for talking right now. I just want to be alone. 考点五 同义转换：in a good mood = in high spirits / feeling good 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。in a good mood 可替换为 in high spirits 或 feeling good，均表示心情好。 例句：She is in a good mood today. (= She is in high spirits today.) risk /rɪsk/ vt. 冒…的风险 n. 风险 课本原句：you do not want to risk losing the friendship. 考点一 句型 risk doing sth 说明：risk doing sth 意为“冒险做某事”，doing 用动名词形式，不能用 to do。这是中考重点句型。 例句：He risked losing everything by investing all his money in one business. 考点二 一词多义 risk(v.) vs risk(n.) 说明：risk 作动词意为“冒…风险”（后接动名词）；作名词意为“风险”（take a risk）。需根据语境判断词性。 例句：She took a big risk and risked failing the exam by not studying enough. 考点三 搭配 risk one's life 说明：risk one's life 意为“冒生命危险”，是常见搭配，用于描述英勇行为。 例句：The fireman risked his life to save the child from the burning building. 考点四 固定搭配 take a risk 说明：take a risk 意为“冒险”，是名词用法，可与 big, great 等形容词搭配。 例句：Starting a new business is a big risk, but it can also bring great rewards. 考点五 搭配 risk losing sth 说明：risk losing sth 意为“冒失去某物的风险”，losing 是动名词，作 risk 的宾语。 例句：If you cheat in the exam, you risk losing your teacher's trust. 考点六 同义转换：risk doing = take the risk of doing / chance doing 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。risk doing sth 可替换为 take the risk of doing sth 或 chance doing sth，均表示冒险做某事。 例句：He risked losing everything by investing all his money. (= He took the risk of losing everything by investing all his money.) risk sth/doing sth /rɪsk/ 短语 冒…的风险 课本原句：you do not want to risk losing the friendship. 考点一 用法 risk doing sth 说明：risk doing sth 中 doing 是动名词，不能用 to do。这是易错点，risk 后只接动名词不接不定式。 例句：She risked being late by stopping to help an old lady cross the road. 考点二 辨析 risk doing vs risk to do 说明：risk 后接动名词 doing，不能接不定式 to do。risk to do 是错误用法，中考常考此辨析。 例句：He risked missing the bus to help his classmate, not risked to miss it. 考点三 搭配 risk losing sth 说明：risk losing sth 意为“冒失去某物的风险”，losing 是动名词，作 risk 的宾语。 例句：You risk losing your friends if you always tell lies to them. 考点四 同义转换：risk doing = take the risk of / put sth at risk 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。risk doing sth 可替换为 take the risk of doing sth 或 put sth at risk，均表示冒风险。 例句：She risked being late by helping the old lady. (= She took the risk of being late by helping the old lady.) go through /ɡəʊ θruː/ 短语 经历，遭受 课本原句：almost everyone goes through these problems 考点一 搭配 go through problems/difficulties 说明：go through problems/difficulties 意为“经历困难”，through 表示穿过困难的过程。 例句：Every student goes through some difficulties when learning a new subject. 考点二 辨析 go through vs experience 说明：go through 侧重经历困难或痛苦的过程，语气较重；experience 中性，可为正负面，侧重亲身感受。 例句：She experienced many cultures abroad, but she also went through some very lonely times. 考点三 搭配 go through changes 说明：go through changes 意为“经历变化”，常用于描述青少年身心发展的过程。 例句：Teenagers go through many changes in both body and mind. 考点四 搭配 go through a stage/phase 说明：go through a stage/phase 意为“经历一个阶段”，表示度过某个特殊时期。 例句：She went through a difficult stage after her family moved to a new city. 考点五 一词多义 go through 经历 vs 仔细检查 说明：go through 既可表示“经历”（困难），也可表示“仔细检查”（文件、书包等），需根据语境判断。 例句：He went through a hard time, so he went through his notes again to prepare better. 考点六 同义转换：go through = experience / live through 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。go through 可替换为 experience 或 live through，均表示经历。 例句：Every student goes through some difficulties. (= Every student experiences some difficulties.) adult /əˈdʌlt/ n. 成年人 课本原句：an adult who can give you advice 考点一 搭配 become an adult 说明：become an adult 意为“成为成年人”，常用于描述成长过程中的里程碑。 例句：When you become an adult, you will have more responsibilities. 考点二 搭配 an adult who... 说明：an adult 常后接 who 引导的定语从句，修饰该成年人的特征或行为。 例句：You should find an adult who can listen to you and give you good advice. 考点三 搭配 turn to an adult 说明：turn to an adult 意为“向成年人求助”，turn to 表示寻求帮助，是常见搭配。 例句：When you have a problem, you can always turn to an adult you trust. 考点四 同义转换：adult = grown-up / mature person 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。adult 可替换为 grown-up 或 mature person，均表示成年人。 例句：You should find an adult to help you. (= You should find a grown-up to help you.) mean /miːn/ adj. 刻薄 adj. 吝啬的 课本原句：says mean things to Nora 课本原句：mean things 考点一 一词多义 mean(adj.) vs mean(v.) 说明：mean 作形容词意为“刻薄的，吝啬的”；作动词意为“意思是”。两者词性和意义完全不同，需根据语境判断。 例句：What does this word mean? He was being mean when he said it to me. 考点二 搭配 be mean to sb 说明：be mean to sb 意为“对某人刻薄”，to 后接对象，是常见搭配，强调对人不友善。 例句：The older boy was mean to his little sister and made her cry. 考点三 搭配 say mean things 说明：say mean things 意为“说刻薄的话”，mean 修饰 things，表示伤人的言语。 例句：Some bullies say mean things to make other students feel bad. 考点四 辨析 mean vs unkind 说明：mean 和 unkind 都表示“不友善的”，但 mean 更口语化，语气更重；unkind 更正式。 例句：It was mean of him to laugh at her mistake, and it was also unkind to ignore her later. 考点五 派生 meaning 的用法 说明：meaning 是名词，意为“意思，含义”，常见搭配 the meaning of sth，与 mean（动词）相关但与 mean（形容词）无关。 例句：Can you explain the meaning of this word? I don't understand what it means. 考点六 同义转换：be mean to sb = be unkind to sb / be cruel to sb 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。be mean to sb 可替换为 be unkind to sb 或 be cruel to sb，均表示对某人刻薄。 例句：The older boy was mean to his little sister. (= The older boy was unkind to his little sister.) stranger /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/ n. 陌生人 n. 外地人 课本原句：make you feel like a stranger in your own body 考点一 辨析 stranger vs foreigner 说明：stranger 指“陌生人”（不认识的人）；foreigner 指“外国人”（来自其他国家的人）。两者意义完全不同。 例句：The stranger who helped me was actually a foreigner from Australia. 考点二 搭配 a stranger to 说明：a stranger to 意为“对...来说陌生的人”，to 后接地点或领域，表示不熟悉。 例句：After moving to a new city, she felt like a stranger to the neighbourhood. 考点三 搭配 talk to strangers 说明：talk to strangers 意为“与陌生人交谈”，常用于安全教育语境。 例句：Parents often tell their children not to talk to strangers on the street. 考点四 搭配 feel like a stranger 说明：feel like a stranger 意为“感觉自己像个陌生人”，表示不自在、不归属的感受。 例句：After being away for five years, he felt like a stranger in his own hometown. 考点五 派生 strange 的用法 说明：strange 是形容词，意为“陌生的，奇怪的”，可修饰人或事物，是 stranger 的形容词形式。 例句：There was a strange noise outside, and she saw a stranger standing at the door. 考点六 同义转换：stranger = unknown person / newcomer 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。stranger 可替换为 unknown person 或 newcomer，均表示陌生人。 例句：Never talk to strangers on the street. (= Never talk to unknown persons on the street.) uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/ adj. 不自在的 adj. 使人不舒服的 课本原句：If you're uncomfortable about doing these things 考点一 辨析 uncomfortable vs comfortable 说明：uncomfortable 是 comfortable 的反义词，意为“不自在的，不舒服的”。un- 是常见否定前缀。 例句：The old chair was comfortable, but the new one was so uncomfortable that he could not sit still. 考点二 搭配 be uncomfortable about sth 说明：be uncomfortable about sth 意为“对某事感到不自在”，about 后接引起不适的事物。 例句：She was uncomfortable about speaking in front of the whole class. 考点三 搭配 feel uncomfortable 说明：feel uncomfortable 意为“感到不舒服”，feel 作系动词，uncomfortable 作表语。 例句：He felt uncomfortable when his classmates started laughing at him. 考点四 介词搭配 uncomfortable with 说明：be uncomfortable with sth 意为“对某事感到不自在”，with 后接令人不适的对象。 例句：Some students are uncomfortable with sharing their personal problems. 考点五 同义转换：uncomfortable = uneasy / not comfortable 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。uncomfortable 可替换为 uneasy 或 not comfortable，均表示不自在的、不舒服的。 例句：She felt uncomfortable speaking in front of the class. (= She felt uneasy speaking in front of the class.) midterm /ˌmɪdˈtɜːm/ adj. 期中的 课本原句：I'm so nervous about my midterm exams. 考点一 搭配 midterm exams 说明：midterm exams 意为“期中考试”，midterm 作定语修饰 exams，是复合名词。 例句：All students are preparing hard for their midterm exams next week. 考点二 辨析 midterm vs final 说明：midterm 指“期中的”（学期中间）；final 指“期末的”（学期末尾）。两者表示学期中不同阶段。 例句：After the midterm exams, students still need to prepare for the final exams. 考点三 搭配 midterm test/grades 说明：midterm 可修饰 test, grades, report 等名词，表示与期中相关的测试或成绩。 例句：She was happy with her midterm grades because she had studied very hard. 考点四 用法 midterm 作形容词 说明：midterm 主要作形容词修饰名词，不能单独作表语，必须与 exams, test 等名词搭配使用。 例句：The midterm test will cover everything we learned this term. 考点五 同义转换：midterm = mid-term / half-term 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。midterm 可替换为 mid-term 或 half-term，均表示期中的。 例句：All students are preparing for midterm exams. (= All students are preparing for mid-term exams.) tight /taɪt/ adj. 紧的 课本原句：makes my throat feel tight 考点一 辨析 tight vs loose 说明：tight 意为“紧的”，loose 意为“松的”，两者互为反义，常用于描述衣物或空间。 例句：These shoes are too tight, and those old ones are too loose. 考点二 搭配 feel tight 说明：feel tight 意为“感觉发紧”，feel 作系动词，tight 作表语，可描述身体或心理感受。 例句：Before giving a speech, his chest felt tight and his hands were shaking. 考点三 搭配 a tight schedule 说明：a tight schedule 意为“紧凑的日程安排”，tight 引申为“安排紧凑的”，是常用搭配。 例句：We have a tight schedule this week with three tests and two projects due. 考点四 派生 tightly 的用法 说明：tightly 是副词，意为“紧紧地”，修饰动词，表示动作方式。 例句：She held her teddy bear tightly when she heard the thunder outside. 考点五 一词多义 tight 紧的 vs 紧张的 说明：tight 既可表示物理上的“紧的”（衣服、空间），也可引申为“紧张的，紧凑的”（时间安排），需根据语境判断。 例句：He wore tight shoes to the exam, and the tight schedule made him even more nervous. 考点六 同义转换：tight = fitting closely / not loose 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。tight 可替换为 fitting closely 或 not loose，均表示紧的。 例句：These shoes are too tight. (= These shoes are fitting too closely.) overweight /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ adj. 超重的 课本原句：Putting on weight, for example, can make you feel like a stranger 考点一 辨析 overweight vs fat 说明：overweight 是较正式、委婉的用语，意为“超重的”；fat 语气直接且可能冒犯，日常少用。两者正式程度不同。 例句：The doctor said he was overweight and advised him to eat less fat. 考点二 搭配 being overweight 说明：being overweight 意为“超重”，being + 形容词构成动名词短语，可作主语或宾语。 例句：Being overweight can cause health problems for young people. 考点三 搭配 become overweight 说明：become overweight 意为“变得超重”，become 作系动词，表示状态变化。 例句：He became overweight because he ate too much fast food and never exercised. 考点四 辨析 overweight vs heavy 说明：overweight 侧重体重超过健康标准，含健康隐忧；heavy 仅描述重量大，不含健康评判。 例句：The box was heavy, but the doctor was more worried that the student was overweight. 考点五 搭配 put on weight 说明：put on weight 意为“体重增加，长胖”，与 overweight 相关，反义搭配为 lose weight。 例句：She put on weight during the holidays, so she decided to exercise more. 考点六 同义转换：overweight = too heavy / over weight 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。overweight 可替换为 too heavy 或 over weight，均表示超重的。 例句：The doctor said he was overweight. (= The doctor said he was too heavy.) bully /ˈbʊli/ vt. 恐吓，伤害，胁迫 n. 欺凌者 课本原句：a school bully 课本原句：Bullying is a terrible problem 课本原句：being bullied 考点一 用法 bully sb 说明：bully sb 意为“欺凌/恐吓某人”，bully 作及物动词，后接被欺负的人作宾语。 例句：The older boys bullied the new student by taking his lunch money. 考点二 搭配 school bully 说明：school bully 意为“校园欺凌者”，bully 此处作名词，指欺凌他人的人。 例句：The school took action to stop the school bully from hurting other students. 考点三 辨析 bully vs tease 说明：bully 指持续的“欺凌，恐吓”，性质严重；tease 指“取笑，戏弄”，程度较轻，有时无恶意。 例句：His classmates teased him about his new glasses, but one boy bullied him every day after school. 考点四 搭配 being bullied 说明：being bullied 意为“被欺凌”，是被动语态的动名词形式，可作主语或宾语。 例句：Being bullied at school can make a student feel lonely and scared. 考点五 派生 bullying 的用法 说明：bullying 是不可数名词，意为“欺凌行为”，常作主语或宾语，描述这一社会问题。 例句：Bullying is a serious problem that every school should try to stop. 考点六 同义转换：bully sb = frighten sb / pick on sb 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。bully sb 可替换为 frighten sb 或 pick on sb，均表示欺凌某人。 例句：The older boys bullied the new student. (= The older boys picked on the new student.) stand up for sb/sth /stænd ʌp fɔː/ 短语 支持，维护 课本原句：Be strong and stand up for yourself. 课本原句：Stand up for yourself 考点一 用法 stand up for sb 说明：stand up for sb 意为“支持/维护某人”，for 后接被支持的对象，是中考高频短语。 例句：Good friends should stand up for each other when someone is being bullied. 考点二 辨析 stand up for vs support 说明：stand up for 侧重在困难时“挺身维护”，含勇敢之意；support 侧重“支持”，更中性，可用于各种语境。 例句：She supported the plan and also stood up for her classmate who was being laughed at. 考点三 搭配 stand up for yourself 说明：stand up for yourself 意为“维护你自己”，常用于鼓励被欺凌者勇敢表达立场。 例句：If someone bullies you, you must be brave and stand up for yourself. 考点四 辨析 stand up for vs stand up to 说明：stand up for sb 意为“维护某人”；stand up to sb 意为“勇敢面对/抵抗某人”。for 后接被维护者，to 后接对抗者。 例句：You should stand up for your friend and stand up to the bully at the same time. 考点五 搭配 stand up for one's rights 说明：stand up for one's rights 意为“维护某人的权利”，rights 用复数，表示多项权利。 例句：Students should learn to stand up for their rights in a peaceful way. 考点六 同义转换：stand up for = support / defend 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。stand up for 可替换为 support 或 defend，均表示支持、维护。 例句：Good friends should stand up for each other. (= Good friends should support each other.) screen /skriːn/ n. 屏幕 课本原句：Avoid screens before bedtime 考点一 介词搭配 on the screen 说明：on the screen 意为“在屏幕上”，用介词 on，表示显示在屏幕这一平面上。 例句：There was a strange message on the screen of her mobile phone. 考点二 搭配 avoid screens 说明：avoid screens 意为“避免看屏幕”，screens 用复数泛指各类电子屏幕，avoid 后接名词。 例句：Doctors advise children to avoid screens at least one hour before bedtime. 考点三 搭配 screen time 说明：screen time 意为“屏幕时间”，指使用电子设备的时间，是现代健康话题的高频表达。 例句：Parents should limit their children's screen time to protect their eyes. 考点四 搭配 look at the screen 说明：look at the screen 意为“看屏幕”，look at 为固定搭配，screen 前常用 the。 例句：Don't look at the screen for too long. It is bad for your eyes. 考点五 同义转换：screen = display / monitor 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。screen 可替换为 display 或 monitor，均表示屏幕。 例句：There was a message on the screen. (= There was a message on the display.) bedtime /ˈbedtaɪm/ n. 就寝时间 课本原句：Avoid screens before bedtime 考点一 搭配 before bedtime 说明：before bedtime 意为“就寝前”，before 是介词，bedtime 是名词，表示睡觉前的时间段。 例句：Try to avoid using your phone before bedtime for better sleep. 考点二 搭配 bedtime story 说明：bedtime story 意为“睡前故事”，bedtime 作定语修饰 story，是常见搭配。 例句：Her father used to read a bedtime story to her every night when she was little. 考点三 搭配 at bedtime 说明：at bedtime 意为“在就寝时间”，at 表示具体时间点，是常见介词搭配。 例句：Take this medicine at bedtime, and you will sleep better. 考点四 用法 bedtime 作定语 说明：bedtime 常作定语修饰其他名词，如 bedtime story, bedtime routine, bedtime reading 等。 例句：Having a regular bedtime routine helps children fall asleep more easily. 考点五 同义转换：bedtime = sleeping time / time for bed 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。bedtime 可替换为 sleeping time 或 time for bed，均表示就寝时间。 例句：Try to avoid using your phone before bedtime. (= Try to avoid using your phone before sleeping time.) pain /peɪn/ n. 痛苦 n. 疼痛 课本原句：it causes a lot of pain 考点一 辨析 pain vs ache 说明：pain 指一般的“疼痛，痛苦”，可为身体或心理的；ache 指持续的“隐痛”，常与身体部位组成复合词（headache, stomachache）。 例句：She felt a sharp pain in her stomach, but the doctor said it was just a small ache. 考点二 搭配 in pain 说明：in pain 意为“在痛苦中，疼痛中”，in 表示处于某种状态，是常见搭配。 例句：The boy was crying in pain after falling off his bike. 考点三 搭配 cause pain 说明：cause pain 意为“造成痛苦”，cause 后接 pain 作宾语，常用于描述欺凌或伤害的影响。 例句：Bullying causes a lot of pain to the students who are being bullied. 考点四 派生 painful 的用法 说明：painful 是形容词，意为“疼痛的，令人痛苦的”，可修饰身体部位或经历。 例句：The painful memory of being bullied stayed with him for many years. 考点五 搭配 physical/mental pain 说明：physical pain 意为“身体疼痛”，mental pain 意为“精神痛苦”，两者对比使用。 例句：The physical pain from the injury healed quickly, but the mental pain lasted much longer. 考点六 同义转换：in pain = suffering / hurting 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。in pain 可替换为 suffering 或 hurting，均表示在痛苦中。 例句：The boy was crying in pain after falling off his bike. (= The boy was crying and suffering after falling off his bike.) get sb down /ɡet ˈsʌmbədi daʊn/ 短语 使悲伤（沮丧、忧郁等） 课本原句：not to let a bully get you down 考点一 用法 get sb down 说明：get sb down 意为“使某人沮丧”，down 是副词，sb 作 get 的宾语，可放在 down 前后。 例句：Don't let one bad exam get you down. You can do better next time. 考点二 辨析 get sb down vs let sb down 说明：get sb down 意为“使某人沮丧”（情绪）；let sb down 意为“使某人失望”（辜负信任）。两者意义不同。 例句：The bad weather got her down, but she did not want to let her team down by quitting. 考点三 搭配 don't let sth get you down 说明：don't let sth get you down 意为“不要让某事使你沮丧”，是常见的鼓励表达。 例句：Don't let the bully get you down. You are stronger than you think. 考点四 用法 sth gets me down 说明：get sb down 的主语通常是某事物，如 the weather, the noise, the failure 等，表示这些事物使人沮丧。 例句：All this homework really gets me down sometimes, but I know I have to finish it. 考点五 辨析 get sb down vs get down to sth 说明：get sb down 意为“使某人沮丧”；get down to sth 意为“开始认真做某事”。两者结构相似但意义完全不同。 例句：The rainy day got her down, so she decided to get down to her homework. 考点六 同义转换：get sb down = make sb sad / depress sb 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。get sb down 可替换为 make sb sad 或 depress sb，均表示使某人沮丧。 例句：Don't let one bad exam get you down. (= Don't let one bad exam make you sad.) shame /ʃeɪm/ n. 羞耻 n. 让人遗憾的事 课本原句：feelings of shame and fear 考点一 辨析 shame vs pity 说明：shame 侧重“羞耻，羞愧”（因自身行为不当）；pity 侧重“遗憾，可惜”（对他人或外在状况的同情）。两者侧重点不同。 例句：He felt shame for cheating on the test, and it was a pity that his friend was punished too. 考点二 搭配 feel shame 说明：feel shame 意为“感到羞耻”，shame 此处作不可数名词，表示羞愧的情感。 例句：The bully should feel shame for what he did to his classmate. 考点三 句型 It's a shame that... 说明：It's a shame that... 意为“真遗憾...”，此处 shame 意为“遗憾的事”，that 引导主语从句。 例句：It's a shame that some students are afraid to tell their teachers about bullying. 考点四 搭配 feelings of shame 说明：feelings of shame 意为“羞耻感”，of 后接情感类型，常与 fear, guilt 等并列使用。 例句：Victims of bullying often have feelings of shame and fear that are hard to overcome. 考点五 同义转换：It's a shame = It's a pity / It's too bad 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。It's a shame 可替换为 It's a pity 或 It's too bad，均表示真遗憾。 例句：It's a shame that some students are afraid to tell their teachers. (= It's a pity that some students are afraid to tell their teachers.) - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $