Unit 4 Space Exploration Reading and Thinking单元基础检测-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

**基本信息** 分层清晰，从基础词汇语法到语篇综合应用，适配新授课知识巩固与能力提升，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础练|词汇（词性转换、拼写）、基础语法|单句语法填空（如determined形容词形式）、单词拼写（astronaut等核心词汇），强化单一知识点| |能力提升练|短语运用、句型结构|选词填空（on board等短语辨析）、完成句子（desire的名词/动词用法），衔接基础与综合应用| |拓展培优练|语篇理解、思维分析|航天主题阅读理解（如潮汐锁定、嫦娥六号），培养信息提取与推理能力，体现文化意识|

高一英语校本作业 ⭐⭐⭐Where there is a will, there is a way. PART 2 Reading and Thinking 【基础练】 一、单句语法填空 11．The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. 12．As a senior school student, you should be more responsible and make decisions (dependent). 13．My sister Lily is a (determination) girl. 14．If you make a promise, it should be carried ． 15．The traffic policeman (signal) to me to pull over. 16．We must carry on (hope) for the best. 17．Several people have expressed a desire (see) the report. 18．All human beings are much more (intelligence) than animals. 19．The (relate) between different cultural groups is highlighted during the festival. 20．The strange woman looked at us students (curious). 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 21．On May 8, over 24 hours after launch, the two (宇航员) will arrive at the ISS. 22．Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct （步骤，程序） in applying for a visa. 23．I made up my mind to be a journalist when I visited the Xinhua News (机构) last year. 24．Communication (卫星) permit the exchange of live television programs between nations. 25．In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of (引力) and outer space was limited. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 26．Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to share v with parents who work six days a week. 27．China’s first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1 was l into space on April 20, 2017. 28．It’s been two years since she left home and she has a strong d to see her family. 29．Television programs t by satellite expose us to many different cultures. 30．Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in o , which is the result of years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. 【能力提升练】 四、选词填空 从方框中选择短语并用其适当形式填空 on board   in the hope of   focus on   lead to   so as to   carry on be curious about   make progress   be related to   graduate from 31．Much of the crime in this area drug abuse. 32．There are 12 children the ship. 33．Children the world they live in and ready to face the world of tomorrow. 34．If you only your personal gain and loss, you will always feel unfair. 35．They got up very early catching the first bus. 36．One should learn from past mistakes avoid falling into the same old trap again. 37．They managed to their experiments in spite of the difficulties. 38．Provided you are modest, you’ll surely . 39．After senior high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. 40．The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster that occurred on 28 January 1986 the deaths of five NASA astronauts and two specialists. 五、完成句子 41．除了外向和善良，安妮有足够的自信去和陌生人交谈。 Apart from being outgoing and kind, . (be+adj.+enough to do sth.) 42．选择对你的生活有意义的事情。专注于花费对你来说有趣和富有成效的时间。 Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. that for you is fun and productive. 43． to complete the building designed in a fancy style. 工人们花了大约三年的时间才完成了这座设计风格奇特的建筑。 44．Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that . 这个周末之前咱们不要摘这些桃子，这样它们就足够甜可以吃了。 45．在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。 a. All the students present . (desire n.) b. All the students present . (desire vt.) c. All the students present desire that they . 【拓展培优练】 A The documentary(纪录片) Space：The Longest Goodbye explores the important role of ①psychologists in preparing astronauts for missions to the moon and Mars.Even though NASA carefully plans and analyzes technical aspects of space travel，such as launch windows and flight orbits，the mental health of astronauts remains hard to measure. The necessity for ①psychological support became obvious as astronauts started spending more time away from Earth，particularly with the construction of the International Space Station in 1994.With future missions aiming for longer periods of time，such as the scheduled three-year journey to Mars，the emotional stress of ②separation from loved ones becomes a major concern. Directed by Ido Mizrahy，the documentary investigates the history of NASA’s psychological team while following the experience of astronauts like Cady Coleman，a key member of NASA’s Artemis program.Coleman’s story，especially the ③painfully-moving moments of her video chats with her son，uncovers the emotional sufferings experienced by astronauts and their families due to space travel.In addition，astronauts are also observed day and night while on board the space station，adding to their psychological stress. The film describes the strategies the team applied to deal with these challenges，such as developing companion robots to ease(缓解) loneliness，conducting desert simulations(模拟) to study interpersonal stress during long space missions and so on.There is a shocking large number of ideas being tested for the astronauts. Throughout the documentary，viewers are treated to ④breathtaking photos of space，presented together with the personal struggles of the astronauts.This creates a mixture of both fear and hope，reflecting the difficult reality of being an astronaut. In nature，Space：The Longest Goodbye offers an impressive exploration of the emotional and psychological journey of astronauts as they explore the vast space，wrestling with the challenges of loneliness and longing while fighting for the promise of discovery and exploration. 1．What influences the mental health of the astronauts most? A．Nonstop observations in the space station. B．Insufficient training before their missions. C．Physical sufferings from long space travel. D．Emotional stress of being apart from family. 2．How did NASA’s psychological team solve the difficulties? A．By increasing video chats. B．By developing robots for company. C．By doing research into deserts. D．By improving communication skills. 3．What does “this” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．The record of space scenery. B．The challenge of longer mission. C．The contrast of film contents. D．The struggle of personal emotions. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the documentary? A．Appreciative. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. B We can see the moon every day，but in fact，humans have not been able to see the true face of the moon.For example，we all view the same side of it—the near side.So why don’t we ever see the far side of the moon? The secret behind this fascinating mystery is “①tidal locking (潮汐锁定)”．To better understand it，let’s imagine two friends holding hands and turning around.As they turn，they always face each other because they’re locked in position by their hands.Similarly，the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force，which means it takes just as long for the moon to turn about its axis(轴) as it does to go around Earth.As a result，we always see the same side of the moon from our position on Earth，while the ②opposite side，known as the far side or the dark side，remains hidden from view. Now，you might be wondering why people use the term “dark side” when referring to the far side of the moon.Contrary to popular belief，the far side isn’t always in darkness.Like the near side，it experiences day and night.However，since we can’t observe it from Earth，it often lies in mystery，and thus it gets this name. Although we’ll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth，humanity has found ways to explore it.Several spacecraft have taken photos which ③furthered our understanding of the lunar far side.In June 2024，China’s Chang’e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon and sent back more close-up photos.It brought back soil and rocks collected from there，opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn’t know about the moon. There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side.For example，the far side of the moon is a rare and quiet place free from radio signals reflected from our planet，which allows scientists to study space phenomena with greater clarity，making it a perfect location for studying space using radio waves. 5．How does the writer explain “tidal locking” in paragraph 2? A．By analyzing data. B．By quoting a study. C．By giving an example. D．By comparing findings. 6．What is a common misunderstanding of the far side of the moon? A．There lives unknown life. B．It shouldn’t be disturbed. C．It is visible from Earth. D．There is no sunlight. 7．Why is Chang’e 6 mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To share a well-known legend. B．To explain its working principle. C．To promote an advanced technology. D．To show efforts of lunar exploration. 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Hidden value of the lunar far side. B．Detailed information of mysteries. C．Special advantages of radio waves. D．Brief reviews of moon exploration. Part2答案 一、单句语法填空 11．The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他脸上坚定的表情表明他对自己有足够的信心。修饰名词look，用形容词形式。形容词determined，表示“ 坚定的”之意。故填determined。 12．As a senior school student, you should be more responsible and make decisions (dependent). 【答案】independently 【详解】考查副词。句意：作为一名高中生，你应该更加负责，并独立作出决策。所给词为形容词dependent“依赖的，依靠的”，结合句意可知空格处需要副词作状语，在句中修饰动词短语make decisions，用副词形式independently，表示“独立地”，符合题意。故填independently。 13．My sister Lily is a (determination) girl. 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我妹妹莉莉是个意志坚定的女孩。分析句子可知，“girl”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，“determined”意为“意志坚定的”，形容词词性，修饰“girl”。故填determined。 14．If you make a promise, it should be carried ． 【答案】out 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你做出了承诺，就应该履行它。carry out是固定短语，意为“执行，履行”，符合句意。故填out。 15．The traffic policeman (signal) to me to pull over. 【答案】signalled 【详解】考查时态。句意：交通警察示意我靠边停车。空处在句中作谓语，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，signal的过去式为signalled。故填signalled。 16．We must carry on (hope) for the best. 【答案】hoping 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们必须继续期待最好的结果。短语carry on doing sth.，表示“继续做某事”，设空处需填动名词hoping，作宾语。故填hoping。 17．Several people have expressed a desire (see) the report. 【答案】to see 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几个人表达了想看这份报告的愿望。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词。空处需要非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的抽象名词desire用不定式。故填to see。 18．All human beings are much more (intelligence) than animals. 【答案】intelligent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所有的人类都比动物聪明得多。根据句意，设空后的than以及空前的“more”可知，此处需要用形容词作表语，intelligence的形容词形式为intelligent，表示“聪明的”。故填intelligent。 19．The (relate) between different cultural groups is highlighted during the festival. 【答案】relation 【详解】考查名词。句意：不同文化群体之间的关系在节日期间得到强调。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，再根据“is highlighted”可知，主语应是单数，relate的名词形式是relation意为“关系”。故填relation。 20．The strange woman looked at us students (curious). 【答案】curiously 【详解】考查副词。句意：那个陌生的女人好奇地看着我们这些学生。分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的副词形式curiously作状语修饰动词looked 表示“好奇地”看着。故填curiously。 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 21．On May 8, over 24 hours after launch, the two (宇航员) will arrive at the ISS. 【答案】astronauts 【详解】考查名词。句意：5月8日，在发射24小时后，两名宇航员将抵达国际空间站。句中用名词作主语。名词“宇航员”英文为astronaut。根据数词two可知，用名词的复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填astronauts。 22．Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct （步骤，程序） in applying for a visa. 【答案】procedure/procedures 【详解】考查名词作宾语，可数名词的单复数。句意：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。名词procedure步骤，程序，为可数名词，根据前面的定冠词the，可用单数或复数形式。故填procedure/procedures。 23．I made up my mind to be a journalist when I visited the Xinhua News (机构) last year. 【答案】Agency 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年参观新华社时，我就下定决心要成为一名记者。根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词agency表示“机构”，再根据空格前the Xinhua News可知，此处是专有名词，所以首字母要大写。故填Agency。 24．Communication (卫星) permit the exchange of live television programs between nations. 【答案】satellites 【详解】考查名词。句意：通信卫星允许国家之间交换直播电视节目。根据汉语提示可知，表示“卫星”应为名词satellite，在句中作主语，为可数名词，结合空后的谓语动词permit可知，此处应为名词复数形式。故填satellites。 25．In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of (引力) and outer space was limited. 【答案】gravity 【详解】考查名词。句意：在17世纪，对重力和外太空的科学理解是有限的。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“引力”应为gravity，且为不可数名词，作宾语。故填gravity。 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 26．Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to share v with parents who work six days a week. 【答案】vehicles/ehicles 【详解】考查名词。句意：一些学生没有一辆可靠的车，而另一些学生不得不与每周工作六天的父母共用车辆。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词vehicle，结合语境可知，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填vehicles。 27．China’s first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1 was l into space on April 20, 2017. 【答案】launched/aunched 【详解】考查动词。句意：2017年4月20日，中国首艘货运飞船“天舟一号”发射升空。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词launch，与主语构成被动关系，结合was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填launched。 28．It’s been two years since she left home and she has a strong d to see her family. 【答案】desire/esire 【详解】考查名词。句意：她离开家已经两年了，她非常想见到家人。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词desire，作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填desire。 29．Television programs t by satellite expose us to many different cultures. 【答案】transmitted/ransmitted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：卫星播送的电视节目使我们接触到许多不同的文化。句中Television programs和动词transmit是被动关系，此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填transmitted。 30．Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in o , which is the result of years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. 【答案】orbit/rbit 【详解】考查名词。句意：数以百万计的垃圾在轨道上旋转，这是多年太空旅行和缺乏保持太空清洁的规定的结果。根据句意可知，太空垃圾在轨道上漂浮着，orbit作名词，表示“轨道”，in orbit表示“在轨道上”，符合句意。故填orbit。 四、选词填空 从方框中选择短语并用其适当形式填空 on board   in the hope of   focus on   lead to   so as to   carry on    be curious about   make progress   be related to   graduate from 31．Much of the crime in this area drug abuse. 32．There are 12 children the ship. 33．Children the world they live in and ready to face the world of tomorrow. 34．If you only your personal gain and loss, you will always feel unfair. 35．They got up very early catching the first bus. 36．One should learn from past mistakes avoid falling into the same old trap again. 37．They managed to their experiments in spite of the difficulties. 38．Provided you are modest, you’ll surely . 39．After senior high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. 40．The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster that occurred on 28 January 1986 the deaths of five NASA astronauts and two specialists. 【答案】 31．is related to 32．on board 33．are curious about 34．focus on 35．in the hope of 36．so as to 37．carry on 38．make progress 39．graduating from 40．led to 【解析】31．考查固定短语。句意：这个地区的许多犯罪都与滥用毒品有关。结合句意表示“与……有关”可知短语为be related to，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Much of the crime in this area，谓语用单数。故填is related to。 32．考查固定短语。句意：船上有12个孩子。结合句意表示“在船上”可知短语为on board。故填on board。 33．考查固定短语。句意：孩子们对他们生活的世界充满好奇，并准备好面对明天的世界。结合句意表示“对……好奇”可知短语为be curious about，根据后文they live in可知为一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数。故填are curious about。 34．考查固定短语。句意：如果你只关注个人得失，你总是会觉得不公平。结合句意表示“集中于”可知短语为focus on，符合主将从现，从句用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用原形。故填focus on。 35．考查固定短语。句意：他们起得很早，希望能赶上头班公共汽车。结合句意表示“希望”可知短语为in the hope of。故填in the hope of。 36．考查固定短语。句意：一个人应该从过去的错误中吸取教训，为了避免重蹈覆辙。结合句意表示“为了”可知短语为so as to。故填so as to。 37．考查固定短语。句意：尽管困难重重，他们还是设法进行了实验。结合句意表示“继续”可知短语为carry on，此处为不定式作宾语。故填carry on。 38．考查固定短语。句意：只要你谦虚，你就一定会进步。结合句意表示“取得进步”可知短语为make progress，结合you’ll可知为一般将来时。故填make progress。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：高中毕业后，我想主修比较文学。结合句意表示“毕业”可知短语为graduate from，作介词的宾语应用动名词形式。故填graduating from。 40．考查固定短语。句意：1986年1月28日发生的挑战者号航天飞机灾难导致五名美国宇航局宇航员和两名专家死亡。结合句意表示“导致”可知短语为lead to，根据上文on 28 January 1986可知为一般过去时。故填led to。 五、完成句子 41．除了外向和善良，安妮有足够的自信去和陌生人交谈。 Apart from being outgoing and kind, . (be+adj.+enough to do sth.) 【答案】Anne was confident enough to talk to strangers 【详解】考查固定句型。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“安妮有足够的自信去和陌生人交谈”，用固定句型“be+adj.+enough to do sth.”，句子主语“安妮”Anne，句子叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语“Anne”为第三人称单数，be动词用was，表示“足够的自信”用confident enough，其后接不定式短语，表示“和陌生人交谈”用to talk to strangers。故填：Anne was confident enough to talk to strangers。 42．选择对你的生活有意义的事情。专注于花费对你来说有趣和富有成效的时间。 Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. that for you is fun and productive. 【答案】Focus on spending time 【详解】考查祈使句和动名词作宾语。表示“专注”用固定搭配focus on，其中on为介词，后接动词用ing形式；表示“花费时间”用spend time。根据中英文提示可知，此处为祈使句，以动词原形开头，首字母大写。故填Focus on spending time。 43． to complete the building designed in a fancy style. 工人们花了大约三年的时间才完成了这座设计风格奇特的建筑。 【答案】It took the workers about three years/The workers took about three years 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“某人花费……时间做某事”句型为it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.或sb. takes/took some time to do sth.；结合语境可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。主语为复数名词workers；表示“大约三年”应用about three years。首字母大写。故填It took the workers about three years/The workers took about three years。 44．Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that . 这个周末之前咱们不要摘这些桃子，这样它们就足够甜可以吃了。 【答案】they can be sweet enough to be eaten 【详解】考查固定短语。be + adj enough to do sth为固定短语，表示“足够……以做某事”，其中不定式作结果状语，用代词主格they指代peaches，与eat“吃”之间为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式，用情态动词can表示“可以”，故填they can be sweet enough to be eaten。 45．在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。 a. All the students present . (desire n.) b. All the students present . (desire vt.) c. All the students present desire that they . 【答案】 have a strong desire to go to a key university desire to go to a key university (should) go to a key university 【详解】考查desire的用法、时态以及虚拟语气。此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；中英文对照可知，第一句和第二句中设空处考查“渴望上重点大学”的英文表达，“渴望……”可表达为have a strong desire to do sth(desire为名词)，也可表达为短语desire to do sth(desire为及物动词)；“上重点大学”表达为go to a key university；All the students作主语，谓语动词用原形，第一空填have a strong desire to go to a key university，第二空填desire to go to a key university；在第三句中动词desire后跟that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，从句主语为they，第三空填(should) go to a key university。故答案为①have a strong desire to go to a key university；②desire to go to a key university；③(should) go to a key university。 DBCA 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纪录片Space：The Longest Goodbye对长期在太空执行探索任务的宇航员的心理问题的探究及NASA为保证宇航员心理健康所采取的一些措施。 1．答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“With future missions aiming for longer periods of time，such as the scheduled three-year journey to Mars，the emotional stress of separation from loved ones becomes a major concern.”可知，与亲人分离的情绪压力是影响宇航员心理健康最主要的因素。故选D项。 2．答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The film describes the strategies the team applied to deal with these challenges，such as developing companion robots to ease(缓解) loneliness，conducting desert simulations(模拟) to study interpersonal stress during long space missions and so on.”可知，NASA的心理援助团队通过开发陪伴机器人来缓解宇航员面临的情绪问题。故选B项。 3答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据第五段“Throughout the documentary，viewers are treated to breathtaking photos of space，presented together with the personal struggles of the astronauts.This creates a mixture of both fear and hope，reflecting the difficult reality of being an astronaut.”可知，影片同时呈现了宇宙的浩瀚和宇航员的内心挣扎，这种强烈的对比会引起恐惧和希望两种情绪，所以this指代前文提到的影片内容形成的对比。故选C项。 4．答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“In nature，Space：The Longest Goodbye offers an impressive exploration of the emotional and psychological journey of astronauts as they explore the vast space...”可知，作者高度评价了该纪录片的意义，故作者对这部纪录片是持肯定、欣赏的态度的，故选A项。 CDDA 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类无法看到月球背面的原因、人类对月球背面的努力探索以及月球背面的隐藏价值。 5．答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To better understand it，let’s imagine two friends holding hands and turning around.As they turn，they always face each other because they’re locked in position by their hands.Similarly，the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force”可知，作者通过举两个朋友牵着手转身的例子类比月球和地球来解释潮汐锁定。故选C。 6．答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ Contrary to popular belief，the far side isn’t always in darkness.Like the near side，it experiences day and night.”可知，普遍的误解是月球的背面总是处于黑暗中，没有阳光。故选D。 7．答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Although we’ll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth，humanity has found ways to explore it.”和“In June 2024，China’s Chang’e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon...opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn’t know about the moon.”可知，作者提及嫦娥六号的成果是为了展示探索月球的努力。故选D。 8．答案　A 解析　段落大意题。最后一段首句“There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side.” 说月球背面还有很多值得探索的地方，接下来举例说月球背面是使用无线电波研究太空的理想地点，由此可知，最后一段主要说明的是月球背面的隐藏价值。故选A。 高一年级英语必修3 Unit 4校本作业 第1页·(共 25 页) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $