Unit 2 Period 2 Using language(1)—Grammar（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册学习笔记（外研版·新教材）

本讲义聚焦高中英语情态动词用法这一核心知识点，系统梳理can/could、may/might、must的推测功能（含现在否定推测、过去肯定推测）、虚拟语气（wish后宾语从句）及情态动词+have done结构，通过对话感知导入，结合语法梳理与用法精析，辅以即时演练构建学习支架。 该资料以生活化对话切入，提升学生语言理解与表达能力，融入汉服、春节等传统文化语篇，培养文化意识。分层练习（选词填空、补全句子、主题阅读）促进思维分析与推断，课中助力教师高效授课，课后帮助学生自主回顾强化，弥补知识盲点。

Period 2　Using language(1)—Grammar 阅读以下对话，感知黑体词，并回答问题 A：The boy walking in front ①might/may be our monitor Tom. B：No，it ②can’t be him because he has gone to China to experience the Spring Festival. A：Wow！He ③must be enjoying himself in China now. B：Yes.I also visited China this time last year. A：Really? You ④must have spent a special occasion there. B：Yes.It was really a special experience. A：How I wish I ⑤could also go to China next winter vacation! 以上黑体词都是情态动词，情态动词①②③④表示推测，其中②表示对现在的否定推测；④表示对过去情况的肯定推测；情态动词⑤用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示虚拟语气。 情态动词(Ⅱ) 一、语法梳理 二、用法精析 1．can与could的用法 (1)表示能力(could是过去式)。 My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn’t last year. 我奶奶会网上购物了，但是去年她还不会。 (2)can表示推测时，表示理论上的可能性，实际上并未发生。用于疑问句和肯定句时，can意为“会，可能”；用于否定句时，can’t表示“不可能”。could表示推测时不仅可用于疑问句和否定句，还可用于肯定句，表示更加不确定的语气。 Can this news be true? 这则消息可能是真的吗？ What he said could not be true. 他的话不可能是真的。 Don’t eat it.It could be poisonous. 不要吃它，它可能有毒。 (3)表示请求和许可(could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can)。 —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ——我现在可以走了吗？ ——是的，可以。 (4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能”；有时用来指一时的情况，意为“有时候会”。 As we all know，anyone can make mistakes. 我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。 (5)习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”。有时cannot可用can never替代。 We cannot/can never thank you too much for what you’ve done for us. 对于你们为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感谢你们都不过分。 (6)could用以表示虚拟语气时主要有3种情况：①用于虚拟条件句中；②用于even if/though引导的让步状语从句中；③用于wish后的宾语从句中。 Even if they could find the lost key，it was too late to open the door. 就算他们能找到丢失的钥匙，开门也已经来不及了。 We wish we could visit the moon someday. 我们希望有朝一日能登上月球。 [即时演练1]　选词填空：can，can’t，could，couldn’t ①—Can you lend me your bike? Mine is broken. —Sure! Here’s the key. ②The light in his room is off.He can’t be at home. ③If I could fly，I would go to the moon right now. ④When I was five years old，I could draw simple pictures. ⑤You can’t be more careful while crossing the busy street. 2．may与might的用法 (1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。 —May/Might I play computer games after supper? —Yes，you may./No，you mustn’t/can’t. ——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？ ——是的，可以。/不，不行。 (2)表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句。might语气更加不确定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do(be)才表示过去的可能性。 The medicine may/might be under test，but I’m not sure. 这种药可能正在测试中，但是我不确定。 He told me he might be late. 他告诉我他可能会迟到。 (3)may表示祝愿。 May you succeed.祝你成功。 (4)“may/might as well＋动词原形”是固定结构，意为“不妨……”，也可以表达为“may/might＋动词原形＋as well”。 Now that you have the opportunity，you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有这个机会，不妨充分利用它。 3．must的用法 (1)表示“必须”，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式为mustn’t(不准；禁止)。 You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word.你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。 [温馨提示] 以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答要用must，否定回答要用needn’t/don’t have to。 —Must I finish the paper today? —Yes，you must./No，you needn’t/don’t have to. ——今天我必须完成论文吗？ ——是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必完成。 (2)表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定；准是”；在否定句、疑问句中要用can’t代替。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断) They must be working in the lab now，for the light is still on. 他们现在一定在实验室里工作，因为灯还亮着。(对正在发生的情况的推测判断) (3)带有感情色彩，意为“偏偏；偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when I was about to start. 我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。 [即时演练2]　根据汉语提示补全句子 ①他可能正在公园里散步，但是我不太确定。 He may/might be taking a walk in the park，but I’m not quite sure. ②愿你梦想成真！ May your dreams come true! ③既然公交车还没来，我们不妨步行去那里。 Since the bus hasn’t come yet，we may/might as well walk there. ④你必须在图书馆里保持安静，禁止大声喧哗。 You must keep quiet in the library and mustn’t speak loudly. ⑤她房间的灯还亮着，她现在肯定在家。 The light in her room is still on；she must be at home now. 4．情态动词＋have done 对过去发生的事情或存在的状态进行推测 (1)must have done sth“(过去)一定做了某事”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句中 (2)may(might) have done sth“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”，语气不确定，用于肯定句或否定句中 (3)can(could) not have done sth“(过去)不可能做某事”；用于否定句或疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定 表示与过去事实相反 (1)could have done sth(过去)本可以做某事但实际上没做 (2)needn’t have done sth(过去)本不必做某事但实际上做了 (3)ought to/should have done sth(过去)本应该做某事但实际上没做 (4)oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have done sth(过去)本不应该做某事但实际上做了 (5)might have done sth(过去)可能做某事但实际上没做 From what you said，she must have told you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them. 你本应该早点告诉我，不然的话我可能就会和他们一块去了。 You ought to/should have been more careful. 你本应该更小心一些的。 You needn’t have told them about it. 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。 He couldn’t possibly have said why. 他不可能说出个所以然来。 [即时演练3]　根据汉语提示补全句子 ①他昨晚一定去听音乐会了。他的票根在桌子上。 He must have attended the concert last night.His ticket stub is on the table. ②她上周可能参观了博物馆，因为她提到了一些展品。 She may/might have visited the museum last week because she mentioned some exhibits. ③嫌疑人当时不可能作案。他当时在另一个城市。 The suspect couldn’t have committed the crime at that time.He was in another city. ④你本可以和我们一起去野餐的。你为什么没来？ You could have joined us for the picnic.Why didn’t you come? ⑤我本不必买这么多食物。只来了几个朋友。 I needn’t have bought so much food.Only a few friends came. ⑥你本应该向她道歉的。你的无礼真的伤害了她。 You ought to/should have apologized to her.Your rudeness really hurt her. Ⅰ.选词填空 Husband：I can’t find my keys and I am late.There 1.might(might/would) be a lot of traffic in town so I need to hurry.They are not in my bag so they 2.must(must/shall) be in the flat somewhere. Wife：Have you looked in the kitchen? Husband：They 3.can’t(can’t/mustn’t) be there because I haven’t been in the kitchen.They 4.might(would/might) be in the bedroom because I changed my clothes there or they 5.could(could/must) be on the table in the hall.Oh，no，they are not here. Wife：Did you leave them in the car? Husband：They 6.can’t(can’t/needn’t) be in the car because I opened the door with them.They 7.must(shall/must) be here somewhere. Wife：I can’t see them.Let’s think.They 8.can’t(mustn’t/can’t) be in your coat pocket because you weren’t wearing one but they 9.might(had to/might) be in your jeans pocket.Have you looked there? Husband：Oh，thanks.I’ve found them.I 10.may(can/may) be home a little late tonight.Bye. Ⅱ.根据汉语提示补全短文 Jenny 1.couldn’t see clearly(不能看清) when she was having an English class.She guessed 2.there may/might be(可能有) something wrong with her eyes.She asked her teacher，“3.May/Can/Could I leave(我可以离开) now? My eyes hurt and I 4.must have them examined(必须检查一下它们)．” The teacher said，“Yes，of course 5.you can/may(你可以)．” 作业2 [分值：77.5分] Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词或所给动词的正确形式填空(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分) 1．When I was a child，I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 2．I heard you bought an ancient china vase.May/Can/Could I have a look at it? 3．I may/might come to the party with you，but I am not sure about it. 4．Since nobody gave him any help，he must have carried(carry) out the research on his own. 5．My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who could have taken it? 6．You must have seen(see) the super film as you know so much about it. 7．Many people admit that smiles around the world can be false，hiding other feelings like anger. 8．She can’t/couldn’t have participated in the activity，for she was doing paperwork in the office then. Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词改写下列句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．It is impossible that she has left school，for her bike is still here. →She can’t/couldn’t have left school，for her bike is still here. 2．You were supposed to have the ability to pass the job interview，but you were too nervous. →You could have passed the job interview，but you were too nervous. 3．It’s our duty to look after our parents when they are old. →We should/ought to/must look after our parents when they are old. 4．I’m not sure why he hasn’t turned up；maybe，he has missed the flight. →I’m not sure why he hasn’t turned up；he may/might have missed the flight. 5．I’m sure he has completed his homework，for I just saw he was playing football on the playground. →He must have completed his homework，for I just saw he was playing football on the playground. Ⅲ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题3分，满分12分) 1．考试时你再怎么仔细也不为过。 You cannot/can never be too careful when taking an exam. 2．听说你要回国了。祝你旅途愉快！ I hear that you are returning to your country.May you have a good journey! 3．你本可以通过考试，但你没有努力。 You could have passed the examination，but you didn’t work hard. 4．要记住，小失误会铸成大错。 Keep in mind that little mistakes can lead to big ones. Ⅳ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2024·浙江丽水高一下期中) On March 6，the 2024 E-commerce Female Consumer Trend Data Report showed that in 2023，the sales of horse-faced skirts—a type of hanfu，the traditional style of clothing worn by the Han people increased by 84.1 percent compared to last year.“I’ve noticed that there are so many people wearing horse-faced skirts on the streets now，from young women to children，it’s unbelievable，” said Wang Zicheng，a 23-year-old hanfu lover. He recalled that when he wore hanfu for the first time in 2018，it was still a minority interest.Now，he is confident wearing it everywhere，even outside of China. As hanfu gains popularity，traditional costume and modern fashion are combining，influencing not only clothing styles but also people’s understanding.Some hanfu enthusiasts argue that each design and structural form of hanfu carries great historical and cultural significance，insisting that these details should be adhered to strictly. However，other consumers prioritize the beauty and comfort of the clothing. Zhou Shuang,37，specializes in character styling for film and television.She pointed out that for those unfamiliar with traditional clothing culture，it’s understandable for them to desire a combination of elegance with modern fashion. This combination is referred to as the neo-Chinese style.“Neo-Chinese style clothing design doesn’t merely layer traditional elements，but combines modernity and tradition naturally，” explained Zhou.“It aims to showcase traditional charm suiting the preferences of today’s Chinese.” Despite the growing hanfu trend in China，there is a lack of understanding among people abroad.According to Wang，he traveled to many countries while wearing hanfu.“They guessed about the origin of my clothes，but none correctly identified that it’s from China，” Wang said.He believed this is because people in other countries have few chances to see real hanfu clothes and accessories. A possible solution could be integrating hanfu into everyday clothes.Indeed，Zhou’s students are exploring ways to preserve hanfu’s cultural heritage while considering the demands of all daily fashion choices. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章全面探讨和分析了汉服在现代社会的流行趋势、其与传统服饰和现代时尚的融合，以及这种融合对人们对服饰的理解和审美的影响，并提出了加强汉服国际认知的解决方案。 1．What does Wang Zicheng’s experience detailed in paragraph 1 reflect? A．The diversity of hanfu enthusiast. B．The cultural significance of hanfu. C．The reasons for hanfu’s popularity. D．The increasing recognition of hanfu. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，马面裙的销量猛增，越来越多的人穿着马面裙上街。由此可推知，第一段中王自成的经历反映了汉服的认知度越来越高。故选D。 2．According to Wang Zicheng，why was his hanfu not correctly identified when he was traveling? A．His hanfu did not represent a typical style. B．Western tourists showed little interest in hanfu. C．Hanfu mixed clothing styles from other countries. D．People abroad were unfamiliar with hanfu culture. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite the growing...clothes and accessories.”可知，王先生旅行时，他的汉服没有被正确识别是因为外国人对汉服文化不熟悉。故选D。 3．What are Zhou’s students doing now? A．Cooperating with daily fashion designers. B．Promoting traditional Chinese clothing abroad. C．Interpreting traditional hanfu in a modern way. D．Studying the historical development of the hanfu style. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Indeed，Zhou’s students are exploring ways to preserve hanfu’s cultural heritage while considering the demands of all daily fashion choices.”可知，周爽的学生们正在研究用现代的方式来保护汉服文化，即用现代的方式诠释传统汉服。故选C。 4．Which of the following can be the best title? A．Dressed in the Past B．A Hanfu Lover C．The Influence of Hanfu D．Preserve Clothes Culture 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。文章全面探讨和分析了汉服在现代社会的流行趋势、其与传统服饰和现代时尚的融合，以及这种融合对人们对服饰的理解和审美的影响，并提出了加强汉服国际认知的解决方案。由此可知，A项“Dressed in the Past(穿着过去的衣服)”捕捉到了文章中汉服的复兴和流行的主题，很好地体现了汉服作为传统服饰在现代社会的流行。故选A。 B (2025·四川遂宁高一上期末) As the Spring Festival approaches，discussions on “festive atmosphere fading away(逐渐消失)” have once again risen to the surface; yet a closer look reveals that young people are not throwing away traditions，but celebrating the festival in new and innovative ways. On the lifestyle platform，users share couplets(对联) they have written.Instead of poetic wishes，the paired phrases could be numbers，emojis and plain slogans—with “Having money and knowledge; Losing weight and troubles” an often-seen refrain.These funny couplets have encouraged many people to continue the Spring Festival tradition of hanging couplets and sticking Menshen pictures.Calligraphy，woodcut pictures and traditional paintings also gain in popularity among people born from 1995 to 2010. Another revived(复兴的) tradition is wearing hanfu，a traditional garment of the Han people，often worn during festivals.For people born after 1990s，one of the childhood Spring Festival customs was buying new clothes.Some still embrace this tradition as a way to ring in the new year.Dang Hui from Luoyang，took her family for a hanfu family photo shoot.Instead of sitting indoors，they went to ancient-style parks. Some young people also get to know better and become interested in Spring Festival “traditions”，such as visiting fairs，flower markets and watching lion dancing.Meng Fan is spending the holidays with her family in Guangzhou and they plan to watch lion dancing，which combines martial arts，folk music and dance.The movements，mimicking lions climbing mountains，jumping across rivers and playing with each other，carry auspicious meanings such as overcoming difficulties and making achievements. Through these new ways to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year，older generations pass on traditions while young people gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of the Spring Festival. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是说年轻人并没有抛弃春节的传统，而是以新颖创新的方式庆祝春节。 5．What can we learn about the young people from paragraph 2? A．They are good at writing poetic slogans. B．They dislike traditional Chinese art forms. C．They are tired of the Spring Festival traditions. D．They express their wishes through funny couplets. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Instead of poetic wishes，the paired phrases could be numbers，emojis and plain slogans—with ‘Having money and knowledge; Losing weight and troubles’ an often-seen refrain.”可知，年轻人通过有趣的对联来表达他们的愿望。故选D。 6．Why does the author mention Dang Hui? A．To recall childhood memories. B．To introduce hanfu photoshoot. C．To give the details of an old custom. D．To show the comeback of a tradition. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Another revived(复兴的) tradition is wearing hanfu，a traditional garment of the Han people，often worn during festivals.”和“Dang Hui from Luoyang，took her family for a hanfu family photo shoot.”可知，作者通过党慧例证穿汉服这一传统的回归。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “auspicious” mean in paragraph 4? A．Positive. B．Different. C．Confusing. D．Original. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“such as overcoming difficulties and making achievements”可知，舞狮承载着积极的意义。所以画线单词auspicious与positive的意思相近。故选A。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The decline of festive atmosphere. B．The meaning carried by Spring Festival. C．The importance of passing on traditions. D．The renewal of Spring Festival traditions. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段中的“yet a closer look reveals that young people are not throwing away traditions，but celebrating the festival in new and innovative ways”和最后一段可知，年轻人并没有抛弃春节的传统，而是以新颖创新的方式庆祝春节。D项“春节传统的复兴”概括了本文的大意。故选D。 Ⅴ.七选五阅读 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Tired of having the same old travel experiences that leave you feeling unfulfilled(失望的) and disconnected? Mindful travel is offering a new way to explore the world that is meaningful and sustainable. Mindful travel is a concept that encourages individuals to fully dive into the present moment while exploring new destinations.Individuals are aware of their surroundings，engaging all the senses，and enjoying the beauty of each experience. 1 Mindful travel is not just about the destination but also the journey.The goal is to create a positive impact on both individuals and the world around them. 2 It is an opportunity for people to positively contribute to the world. Mindful travel provides an opportunity to disconnect from the stresses of everyday life. 3 Whether it’s wandering through a busy market，hiking in nature，or simply sitting by the ocean，it allows us to let go of our worries and fully enjoy the beauty of our surroundings. 4 By stepping out of our comfort zones and experiencing new cultures，we gain a fresh viewpoint on life.We become more open-minded，adaptable，and caring.Through interactions with locals and fellow travelers，we learn about different ways of life and develop a greater understanding of the world. Mindful travel also has a positive impact on the destinations we visit.Mindful travelers are aware of their impact on the environment. 5 By choosing eco-friendly accommodations，supporting local businesses，and respecting cultural traditions，we can ensure that our travels leave a green footprint. A．They can deeply appreciate the surroundings through it. B．Mindful travel promotes self-reflection and personal growth. C．When traveling，we often leave behind our routines and duties. D．Mindful travel positively impacts our mental and physical well-being. E．The demands of daily responsibilities often leave little time for self-care. F．They try to reduce waste，conserve resources，and support sustainable initiatives. G．It’s about being mindful of one’s actions and how they affect others and the environment. 1．答案　A 解析　上文提到参与者可以通过用心旅行去享受体验的美好，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，继续说明用心旅行的好处。A选项“他们可以通过它深刻地欣赏周围的环境”中They指代Individuals，it指代上文中的Mindful travel，符合语境，故选A。 2．答案　G 解析　上文解释了用心旅行的(对个人及其周围世界产生影响的)目标，该空承接上文，继续对这一目标进行说明。G选项“它与注意自己的行为以及它们如何影响他人和环境有关”符合语境，故选G。 3．答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，用心旅行可以让我们脱离日常生活的压力，即把日常的责任和职责暂时忘记。C选项“旅行时，我们常常把例行公事和职责抛在脑后”符合语境，故选C。 4．答案　B 解析　本句为段落中心句，同样以“Mindful travel”开头。根据下文可知，本段的主旨是用心旅行让我们变得更加开放，适应能力更强，更有爱心，即促进了个人的成长和思考。B选项“用心旅行促进自我反思和个人成长”符合语境，故选B。 5．答案　F 解析　根据上下文可知，本句承上启下，具体说明用心的旅行者是如何致力于保护环境的。F选项“他们努力减少浪费，节约资源，支持可持续发展的倡议”符合语境，故选F。 Ⅵ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2024·广东深圳高一期中) Chinese Loong is the fifth animal of the 12-year Chinese zodiac cycle(生肖)，1._____________(consider) to be mythical(神话的) and symbolic of fortune.Recently sales of things with dragon elements have witnessed explosive growth on e-commerce platforms. Data from an e-commerce platform show that searches 2. dragon-related goods via its online marketplace have reached 23 million.It is reported 3. since January consumers in China 4. (prefer) goods with dragon-themed elements，such as daily necessities，alcohol and gold jewelry.The purchasing excitement is expected to 5.____________(huge) boost consumer confidence and improve the recovery of consumption. Purchases by the post-1990s and post-2000s generations accounted for nearly 55%，while consumers in Guangdong Province，Beijing，Jiangsu Province in that order,6. (be) the top three spenders on dragon-featured items.Because the dragon is an important symbol of traditional Chinese culture 7. good luck，Chinese consumers are expressing their hopes for 8. better life in the new year. “Brands should capitalize on(利用) traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative 9._____________(product)，” a research fellow said,10. (stress) that Spring Festival is the traditional festival Chinese people attach the most importance to，and it’s also a peak season for consumption. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了龙年春节期间，与龙相关的商品受到了消费者的青睐。 1．答案　considered 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为is，空处需填非谓语动词，Chinese Loong和consider为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填considered。 2．答案　for 解析　考查介词。search for为固定短语，意为“搜索……”。故填for。 3．答案　that 解析　考查代词。这是一个包含主语从句的复合句，因从句不缺成分且从句句意完整，故使用连接代词that引导主语从句。故填that。 4．答案　have preferred 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语since January可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，助动词使用have。故填have preferred。 5．答案　hugely 解析　考查副词。空处修饰动词boost，需用副词形式hugely，作状语。故填hugely。 6．答案　were 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为并列句的谓语动词，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为consumers，be动词用were。故填were。 7．答案　and 解析　考查连词。traditional Chinese culture和good luck为并列成分，需用连词and连接。故填and。 8．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。life为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且better的首字母发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 9．答案　products 解析　考查名词复数。空处需填名词作宾语，product为可数名词，结合more可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填products。 10．答案　stressing 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为said，空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，a research fellow和stress为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填stressing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $