Unit 1 Know yourself 重点词汇核心考点精讲（讲义）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新教材译林版

该初中英语Unit 1复习讲义通过词性分类表格和考点框架图系统构建知识体系，将58个核心单词短语按“词形转换-固定搭配-同义辨析-句型转换”的逻辑分层梳理，清晰呈现重难点分布及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“考点情境化精讲”，结合课本原句设计同义转换（如“organized=keep things in good order”）和易混词辨析（如suit/fit/match）练习，培养语言运用能力和思维品质。每个考点配典型例句和易错提醒，基础生可掌握方法，优秀生能深化理解，为教师实施分层教学提供精准支持。

Unit 1 Know yourself 重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 organized 2 order 3 keep ... in (good) order 3 explain 4 come up with 4 careless 5 neither 6 neither ... nor ... 6 nor 7 accountant 7 suppose 8 social 8 involve 9 impress 10 imagination 10 manager 11 quit 11 suit 12 railway 13 mention 13 standard 14 tough 14 at all times 15 passenger 15 exactly 16 improvement 16 either ... or ... 17 decide on 18 personality 18 take on 19 challenge 20 winner 20 outgoing 21 opposite 21 kindness 22 matter 22 as a matter of fact 23 let sb down 23 probably 24 encouragement 25 behaviour 25 pass sth on to sb 26 son 26 remain 27 confident 27 likely 28 negative 29 lecture 29 connection 30 speaker 30 point 31 point out 32 pay off 32 succeed 33 position 34 president 34 cooperate 35 voice 35 consider 36 词性分类： 【名词 (n.)】order、accountant、imagination、manager、railway、standard、passenger、improvement、personality、challenge、winner、opposite、kindness、matter、encouragement、behaviour、son、lecture、connection、speaker、position、president 【动词 (v.)】explain、suppose、involve、impress、quit、suit、mention、remain、point、succeed、cooperate、voice、consider 【形容词 (adj.)】organized、careless、social、tough、outgoing、confident、likely、negative 【副词 (adv.)】exactly、probably 【代词 (pron.)】neither 【连词 (conj.)】nor 【短语】keep ... in (good) order、come up with、neither ... nor ...、at all times、either ... or ...、decide on、take on、as a matter of fact、let sb down、pass sth on to sb、point out、pay off organized /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的 课本原句：Suzy is very organized. She keeps all her things in good order. 课本原句：Many business managers are not only well-organized, but also creative. 考点一 词形转换 说明："organized"是形容词，其动词形式为"organize"，名词形式为"organization"。 例句：She organized the meeting very well. 考点二 反义词 说明："organized"的反义词是"disorganized"，表示"杂乱无章的"。 例句：His desk is very disorganized, unlike hers which is very organized. 考点三 well-organized 的用法 说明："well-organized"是一个合成形容词，表示"安排有序的，条理清晰的"。 例句：She gave a well-organized presentation that impressed everyone. 考点四 固定搭配：用系动词搭配 说明："organized"常与系动词 be、seem、appear 等连用，描述人的性格或事物的状态。 例句：A good teacher should be organized and patient. 考点五 辨析：organized vs tidy 说明："organized"侧重于安排有序、计划性强，而"tidy"侧重于外观整洁、干净。 例句：Her room is always tidy, but her schedule is not organized. 考点六 同义转换：organized = keep things in good order 说明：中考中常考查同义句型转换。organized 表示“有条理的”， 可转换为 keep things in good order / keep things neat and tidy / be systematic 等表达。 考试中常出现“She is organized.” 转换为 “She keeps all her things in good order.” 例句：She is very organized and never wastes time. (= She keeps all her things in good order and never wastes time.) order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n. 条理；顺序 n. 订单；命令 vt. 订购；命令 课本原句：She keeps all her things in good order. 考点一 一词多义：order 作为名词 说明："order"作为名词有多种含义："条理/顺序"、"订单"、"命令"。 例句：He placed an order for three books, and I made sure they arrived in the right order. 考点二 固定搭配：in order to /拓 in order that +句子 说明："in order to"表示"为了……"，后接动词原形，引导目的状语。 例句：She got up early in order to catch the first train. 考点三 固定搭配：out of order 说明："out of order"表示"出故障，不正常工作"。 例句：The lift is out of order, so we have to take the stairs. 考点四 order 作为动词的用法 说明："order"作为动词，可以表示"订购"或"命令"。表示命令时常用 order sb to do sth。 例句：The officer ordered the soldiers to stand at attention. 考点五 固定搭配：in good order 说明："in good order"表示"井然有序，整齐"，常与 keep 或 put 连用。 例句：Please put these books in good order on the shelf. 考点六 同义转换：in order = in sequence / neatly arranged 说明：中考中 order 表示“顺序、条理”时，可与 in sequence / neatly arranged / in good arrangement 进行同义转换。如 keep ... in order 可转换为 keep ... neat and tidy。 例句：Please put the books in order on the shelf. (= Please arrange the books neatly on the shelf.) keep ... in (good) order /kiːp ɪn ˈɔːdə(r)/ 短语 保持整齐 课本原句：Suzy is very organized. She keeps all her things in good order. 考点一 与 keep ... in mind 的对比 说明："keep ... in order"表示保持整齐，而"keep ... in mind"表示"记住"。 例句：Keep your desk in order and keep this rule in mind. 考点二 同义替换 说明："keep ... in good order"可替换为"keep ... tidy"或"keep ... organized"。 例句：If you keep your files in good order, you can find what you need quickly. 考点三 介词搭配 说明：该短语中 in 是固定搭配，不可替换为其他介词如 on 或 at。 例句：She always keeps her notes in good order, which helps her study efficiently. 考点四 同义转换：keep ... in order = keep ... organized / keep ... neat and tidy 说明：中考常考查动短语同义转换。keep sth in (good) order 表示“保持……整齐”， 可转换为 keep sth organized / keep sth neat and tidy / keep sth in good condition。 例句：She keeps all her things in good order. (= She keeps all her things neat and tidy.) explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ vt.&vi. 解释 课本原句：He explains the grammar rules to us carefully. 课本原句：She explained. 考点一 固定搭配：explain sth to sb 说明："explain"后接双宾语时，必须先接物再接人，即 explain sth to sb，不可说 explain sb sth。 例句：Can you explain this math problem to me? 考点二 辨析：explain vs describe 说明："explain"侧重于解释原因或原理，而"describe"侧重于描述外观或特征。 例句：She described the accident but couldn"t explain why it happened. 考点三 名词形式：explanation 说明："explain"的名词形式是"explanation"，注意拼写变化：ai 替代了原动词的 i。 例句：His explanation was so clear that everyone understood immediately. 考点四 explain oneself 的用法 说明："explain oneself"表示"解释自己的意思/行为"。 例句：You need to explain yourself clearly, or others may misunderstand you. 考点五 常见错误：不用 explain about 说明：英语中 explain 后面直接接宾语，不加介词 about。"explain about"是中式英语的常见错误。 例句：The teacher explained the rules, not explained about the rules. 考点六 同义转换：explain sth to sb = make sth clear to sb 说明：中考中 explain 常考同义句型转换。 Explain sth to sb 可转换为 make sth clear to sb / tell sb about sth / help sb understand sth。 如 Can you explain this to me? 可转换为 Can you make this clear to me? 例句：The teacher explained the rule to us. (= The teacher made the rule clear to us.) come up with /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ 短语 想出，找到（答案） 课本原句：He often comes up with new ideas. 课本原句：he came up with some new ways to improve 考点一 短语含义 说明："come up with"表示"想出（主意、答案、计划等）"，强调创造性地产生想法。 例句：The team came up with a great plan for the project. 考点二 辨析：come up with vs think of 说明："come up with"强调产生出结果，而"think of"仅强调想到的过程。 例句：I thought of several solutions but haven"t come up with the best one yet. 考点三 宾语搭配 说明："come up with"常接的宾语包括 idea、solution、plan、answer、suggestion、method、ways、ideas 等表示"想法/办法"的词。 例句：Can you come up with a better answer to this question? 考点四 同义转换：come up with = think of / think up 说明：中考中 come up with 表示“想出、提出”， 可转换为 think of / think up / put forward / propose。 如 come up with an idea 可转换为 think of an idea。 例句：He came up with a new way to solve the problem. (= He thought of a new way to solve the problem.) careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的 课本原句：I"m careless sometimes, especially with numbers. 考点一 词形转换：反义词 说明："careless"的反义词是"careful"（细心的）。否定后缀 -less 表示"没有"。 例句：A careful driver avoids accidents, but a careless driver often causes them. 考点二 -less 后缀 说明：后缀 -less 表示"没有，无"，加在名词后构成形容词，如 helpless、homeless、useless。 例句：Many homeless people feel helpless, and a careless attitude is useless in solving their problems. 考点三 固定搭配：be careless with 说明："be careless with sth"表示"在某事上粗心大意"。 例句：Don"t be careless with your homework, or you will make many mistakes. 考点四 副词形式：carelessly 说明："careless"的副词形式是"carelessly"（粗心地），名词形式是"carelessness"（粗心）。 例句：He drove carelessly and his carelessness caused the accident. 考点五 同义转换：careless = not careful = thoughtless 例句：He is careless with his homework. (= He is not careful with his homework.) neither /ˈnaɪðə(r)/ det.&pron./adv. 两者都不；也不 课本原句：Neither my parents nor I think I will make a good accountant. 考点一 neither ... nor ... 结构 说明："neither ... nor ..."连接两个并列成分，表示"既不……也不……"。 例句：Neither Tom nor Jerry likes spicy food. 考点二 主谓一致：就近原则 说明：当 neither ... nor ... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。 例句：Neither the students nor the teacher was in the classroom. 考点三 neither 作代词 说明："neither"作代词表示"两者都不"，后常接 of 短语，谓语动词可用单数或复数。 例句：Neither of the two answers is correct. 考点四 辨析：neither vs none 说明："neither"用于两者"都不"，而"none"用于三者或三者以上"都不"。 例句：I have two brothers, but neither of them likes sports. Among all my friends, none likes sports either. 考点五 neither 作副词表示"也不" 考倒装 说明："neither"作副词时，用于倒装结构"neither + 助动词 + 主语"，表示前者的情况也适用于后者。 例句：I don"t like maths. Neither does my sister. 考点六 同义转换：neither of = not either of 说明：中考中 neither 可转换为 not ... either 结构。如 Neither of them is right 可转换为 Not either of them is right / Both of them are wrong。这是中考完形填空和句型转换的常考考点。 例句：Neither of the answers is correct. (= Not either of the answers is correct. / Both of the answers are wrong.) neither ... nor ... /ˈnaɪðə(r) nɔː(r)/ 短语 既不……也不…… 课本原句：Neither my parents nor I think I will make a good accountant. 考点一 连接并列成分 说明："neither ... nor ..."可连接名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等并列成分。 例句：She is neither tall nor short. 考点二 主谓一致 说明：当连接两个主语时，谓语动词就近一致。当连接其他成分时，动词与第一个主语一致。 例句：Neither he nor his friends were at the party. 考点三 辨析：neither ... nor ... vs either ... or ... 说明："neither ... nor ..."表否定（两者都不）， "either ... or ..."表肯定选择（要么……要么……）。 例句：We can go neither by bus nor by taxi, so we must go either by bike or on foot. 考点四 不能与 not 连用 说明："neither ... nor ..."本身已含否定意义，不能再与 not 连用，否则构成双重否定。 例句：She likes neither tea nor coffee. 考点五 同义转换：neither A nor B = not A and not B 说明：中考中 neither ... nor ... 可转换为 not ... and not ... / both ... not ... 等结构。如 Neither he nor I am wrong 可转换为 He is not wrong and I am not wrong either。这是中考句型转换高频考点。 例句：Neither Tom nor Jerry likes swimming. (= Tom does not like swimming and Jerry does not like swimming either.) nor /nɔː(r)/ conj.&adv. 也不 课本原句：neither their parents nor their teachers know about their goals 考点一 辨析：nor vs or 说明："nor"用于否定句中连接成分，而"or"也可在否定句中表示"也不"。 例句：He doesn"t like singing or dancing. He doesn"t like singing, nor does he like dancing. 考点二 neither ... nor ... 结构 说明："nor"常与"neither"配对使用，构成"neither ... nor ..."并列连词结构。 例句：Neither the book nor the magazine is interesting. 考点三 nor 在句首的用法 说明："nor"放在句首时，后面的句子必须用倒装语序（部分倒装）。 例句：I have never been to Paris. Nor has my brother. 考点四 同义转换：nor = and not ... either 说明：中考中 nor 可转换为 and not ... either 结构。如 I do not like it, nor does he 可转换为 I do not like it and he does not like it either。这是中考句型转换常考点。 例句：I have not been there, nor has my brother. (= I have not been there and my brother has not been there either.) accountant /əˈkaʊntənt/ n. 会计 课本原句：I will make a good accountant. 课本原句：Su Ming quit her job as an accountant 考点一 词形转换：词根 account 说明："accountant"的词根是"account"（账目，账户），加后缀 -ant 表示"从事……的人"。 例句：She opened a bank account before becoming an accountant. 考点二 -ant 后缀表示职业 说明：后缀 -ant 可以表示从事某种职业的人，如 servant（仆人）、assistant（助手）、consultant（顾问）。 例句：The assistant helped the accountant prepare the financial report. 考点三 固定搭配：work as an accountant 说明：表示"做会计工作"，可用 work as an accountant 或 be an accountant。 例句：She has been working as an accountant for ten years. 考点四 同义转换：accountant = a person who keeps financial accounts 说明：中考中同义转换常考查职业名称的释义型转换。accountant 可转换为 a person who keeps financial accounts / someone who manages money for a company。 例句：She works as an accountant in a big company. (= She works as a person who keeps financial accounts in a big company.) suppose /səˈpəʊz/ vt.&vi. 认为，推断；假设 课本原句：I would be good at creative jobs, I suppose. 考点一 be supposed to 的用法 说明："be supposed to do sth"表示"应该做某事"，相当于 should do sth。 例句：You are supposed to hand in your homework on time. 考点二 I suppose 作插入语 说明："I suppose"可作插入语放在句末或句中，表示"我想，我认为"，语气较委婉。 例句：That"s a good idea, I suppose. 考点三 suppose 引导宾语从句 说明："suppose"后可接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示"认为，猜想"。that 常可省略。 例句：I suppose he will be late again. 考点四 辨析：suppose vs guess 说明："suppose"语气比"guess"更正式、更有把握，但两者在日常口语中常可互换。 例句：I suppose the meeting will end at five, but I can only guess. 考点五 同义转换：I suppose = I think / I guess 说明：中考中 suppose 表示“认为、猜想”时，可与 think / guess / believe 进行同义转换。如 I suppose so 可转换为 I think so / I guess so。 例句：I suppose he will come to the party. (= I think he will come to the party.) social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 好交际的；社交的 课本原句：I"m a social person. 考点一 一词多义 说明："social"可表示"社交的"，也可表示"社会的"，如 social problems（社会问题）。 例句：She is a social person who cares about social justice. 考点二 派生词：society 说明："social"的名词形式是"society"（社会）。形容词形式有"sociable"（好交际的）。 例句：A sociable person is more likely to enjoy social activities in society. 考点三 固定搭配：social media 说明："social media"表示"社交媒体"，是当代英语中的高频词汇。 例句：Many young people spend too much time on social media. 考点四 固定搭配：social skills 说明："social skills"表示"社交技能"，指与人交往和沟通的能力。 例句：Good social skills are important for every profession. 考点五 同义转换：social person = sociable person / outgoing person 说明：中考中 social 表示“好交际的”时，可与 sociable / outgoing / friendly 进行同义转换。如 a social person 可转换为 a sociable person / an outgoing person。 例句：She is a social person who loves making friends. (= She is a sociable person who loves making friends.) involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含，需要；牵涉 课本原句：I think my future job involves chatting with lots of people. 考点一 固定搭配：involve doing sth 说明："involve"后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式，即 involve doing sth。 例句：Her job involves traveling to different countries every month. 考点二 固定搭配：be involved in 说明："be/get involved in"表示"参与，卷入"某活动或事件。 例句：He is actively involved in community service. 考点三 辨析：involve vs include 说明："involve"强调"必然包含，需要"，而"include"仅指"包括在内"。 例句：The job involves hard work, which includes overtime and weekend shifts(周末轮班). 考点四 一词多义：牵涉 说明："involve"还可表示"牵涉，使卷入"，通常指卷入不好或不愉快的事情中。 例句：Three cars were involved in the accident. 考点五 同义转换：involve = include / require 说明：中考中 involve 表示“包含、需要”时，可与 include / require / need 进行同义转换。如 The job involves travelling 可转换为 The job requires travelling / The job includes travelling。 例句：His job involves a lot of travelling. (= His job requires a lot of travelling.) impress /ɪmˈpres/ vt. 使留下深刻的好印象 课本原句：Wu Wei"s creative work impresses not only his friends but also the whole town. 考点一 固定搭配：impress sb with sth 说明："impress sb with sth"表示"用某事物给某人留下印象"。 例句：She impressed the interviewer with her confidence and knowledge. 考点二 固定搭配：be impressed by/with 说明："be impressed by/with"表示"对……印象深刻"，主语是被打动的人。 例句：I was deeply impressed by his speech. 考点三 派生词：impression 说明："impress"的名词形式是"impression"（印象）， 常用搭配 make/leave an impression on sb。 例句：He left a deep impression on all of us. 考点四 派生词：impressive 说明："impressive"是形容词，表示"令人印象深刻的"，用来描述令人赞叹的人或事物。 例句：Her performance was so impressive that everyone stood up and applauded. 考点五 辨析：impress vs affect 说明："impress"强调"留下好印象"，而"affect"强调"产生影响（正面或负面）"。 例句：His kindness impressed me deeply, while his story affected me emotionally. 考点六 同义转换：impress sb = make a good impression on sb / leave a deep impression on sb 说明：中考中 impress 可转换为 make a good impression on sb / leave a deep impression on sb。如 His speech impressed us 可转换为 His speech made a good impression on us / His speech left a deep impression on us。 例句：Her performance impressed the judges. (= Her performance made a good impression on the judges.) imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想象力 课本原句：I"ve always enjoyed using my imagination to make great art 考点一 词形转换 说明："imagination"是名词，其动词形式是"imagine"（想象），形容词形式是"imaginative"（富有想象力的）。 例句：She imagines a wonderful world and her imagination creates beautiful stories. 考点二 固定搭配：have a good/poor imagination 说明：表示"想象力丰富/缺乏"，可用 have a good/poor imagination。 例句：Children usually have a rich imagination. 考点三 固定搭配：beyond one’s imagination 说明："use one"s imagination"表示"发挥想象力"。 例句：When you write stories, you need to use your imagination freely. 考点四 辨析：imagination vs creativity 说明："imagination"侧重"在脑海中创造新画面/想法"；"creativity"侧重"将新想法付诸实践的能力"。 例句：Her imagination came up with the idea, and her creativity turned it into a painting. 考点五 同义转换：imagination = creativity / creative thinking 说明：中考中 imagination 可与 creativity / creative thinking 进行同义转换。如 use your imagination 可转换为 use your creativity / use your creative thinking。 例句：The writer has great imagination. (= The writer has great creativity.) manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 课本原句：Su Ming is now the sales manager of the company. 考点一 词形转换 说明："manager"是名词，动词形式是"manage"（管理；设法做到），名词还有"management"（管理）。 例句：She manages the company well, and as a good manager, her management skills are excellent. 考点二 manage to do sth 的用法 说明："manage to do sth"表示"设法成功做到了某事"，强调结果。 例句：Despite the difficulties, he managed to finish the work on time. 考点三 固定搭配：sales manager 说明："sales manager"表示"销售经理"，其他如 general manager（总经理）、project manager（项目经理）。 例句：The sales manager reported the monthly sales figures to the general manager. 考点四 辨析：manager vs boss 说明："manager"指受雇管理公司/部门的经理，而"boss"更口语化，可指任何上级或老板。 例句：Our manager reports to the boss, who owns the company. 考点五 同义转换：manager = a person who manages / runs a business 说明：中考中同义转换常考查职业名称的释义型转换。manager 可转换为 a person who manages a business / someone who runs a company。 例句：He is the manager of the sales department. (= He is the person who manages the sales department.) quit /kwɪt/ vt.&vi. 离开，离任 课本原句：Su Ming quit her job as an accountant five years ago 考点一 固定搭配：quit doing sth 说明："quit"后接动名词，表示"停止做某事"，相当于 stop/ give up doing。 例句：He quit smoking last year and now feels much healthier. 考点二 固定搭配：quit one’s job 说明："quit one"s job"表示"辞职"，是常用搭配。 例句：She quit her job to start her own business. 考点三 辨析：quit vs resign 说明："quit"较口语化，可指离开任何活动；"resign"较正式，主要指辞去正式职务。 例句：He quit the team and resigned from his position as captain. 考点四 辨析：quit vs give up 说明："quit"强调停止做某事，"give up"强调放弃（努力/希望等），语气更重。两者后都接动名词。 例句：He quit playing video games but never gave up his dream of becoming a designer. 考点五 同义转换：quit a job = give up a job / leave a job / resign 说明：中考中 quit 表示“离开、辞职”时，可与 give up / leave / resign / step down 进行同义转换。如 quit a job 可转换为 give up a job / leave a job / resign。 例句：She quit her job last month. (= She gave up her job last month. / She left her job last month.) suit /suːt/ vt. 适合 课本原句：This one suits me better 考点一 一词多义：suit 作名词 说明："suit"作名词表示"套装，西服"，作动词表示"适合"。 例句：He wore a black suit to the interview, and the job suited him perfectly. 考点二 辨析：suit vs fit vs match 说明："suit"指"适合（风格、场合等）"； "fit"指"合身（尺寸）"； "match"指"相配（颜色、款式）"。 前后两样是同类 例句：The dress fits you well, matches your shoes, and suits the party perfectly. 考点三 suitable 的用法 说明："suitable"是形容词，表示"合适的"，常用搭配 be suitable for。 例句：This book is suitable for children aged 8 to 12. 考点四 suit sb well/fine 说明："suit sb well/fine"表示"很适合某人"，是常用口语表达。 例句：Working from home suits me fine. 考点五 be suited to/for 说明："be suited to/for sth"表示"适合某事"，强调能力和条件的匹配。 例句：With her outgoing personality, she is well suited for the job of sales manager. 考点六 同义转换：this suits me = this is suitable for me / this fits me 说明：中考中 suit 可转换为 be suitable for / be fit for / be right for。如 This job suits you 可转换为 This job is suitable for you / This job is right for you。 例句：This blue shirt suits you very well. (= This blue shirt is very suitable for you.) railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路；铁路系统 课本原句：the high-speed railway project connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin 考点一 固定搭配：high-speed railway 说明："high-speed railway"表示"高速铁路"，简称高铁。 例句：China has the largest high-speed railway network in the world. 考点二 固定搭配：railway station 说明："railway station"表示"火车站"。 例句：We will meet at the railway station at ten o"clock. 考点三 同义转换：railway = railroad / train system 说明：中考中 railway 可与 railroad / train system 进行同义转换。如 railway station 可转换为 train station / railroad station。这是中考阅读理解中的常考词汇转换。 例句：A new railway will connect the two cities. (= A new railroad will connect the two cities.) mention /ˈmenʃn/ vt. 提到，说到，写到 课本原句：One of his team members mentioned 考点一 固定搭配：mention sth to sb 说明："mention"后可接宾语加 to sb，表示"向某人提及某事"。注意不能说 mention sb sth。 例句：He mentioned the plan to me yesterday. 考点二 固定搭配：not to mention 说明："not to mention"表示"更不用说"，用于递进关系，强调后面的事物更加明显。 例句：He can"t afford a bike, not to mention a car. 考点三 don’t mention it 的用法 说明："Don"t mention it."是回应道谢的礼貌用语，表示"不客气"。 例句：Thank you for your help. — Don"t mention it. 考点四 同义转换：mention = refer to / talk about / speak of 说明：中考中 mention 可与 refer to / talk about / speak of 进行同义转换。 如 He mentioned the problem 可转换为 He referred to the problem / He talked about the problem。 例句：She mentioned her plan to move to Beijing. (= She referred to her plan to move to Beijing.) standard /ˈstændəd/ n. 标准 adj. 标准的 课本原句：He always works to high standards 考点一 一词多义：名词与形容词 说明："standard"作名词表示"标准"，作形容词表示"标准的"。 例句：This standard textbook meets the national standard for education. 考点二 固定搭配：to high/low standards 说明："to high/low standards"表示"按照高/低标准"，常用 work to high standards。 例句：A professional chef always works to high standards in the kitchen. 考点三 固定搭配：living standards 说明："living standard"或"standard of living"表示"生活水平"。 例句：The living standards in this country have improved greatly in recent years. 考点四 固定搭配：standard English 说明："standard English"表示"标准英语"，指规范、通用的英语表达方式。 例句：In exams, you should try to use standard English rather than slang. 考点五 同义转换：high standards = high levels / high requirements 说明：中考中 standard 可与 level / requirement / criterion 进行同义转换。如 work to high standards 可转换为 work to a high level / meet high requirements。 例句：He always works to high standards. (= He always works to a high level.) tough /tʌf/ adj. 艰难的 课本原句：Working at a hospital can be tough. 考点一 一词多义 描述人:坚强 说明："tough"可表示"艰难的"、"强壮的"、"严格的"等多种含义。 例句：The tough coach gave the team tough training, but the players became tougher. 考点二 辨析：tough vs difficult 说明："tough"比"difficult"语气更强，不仅困难还可能令人痛苦或需要足够勇气和毅力。 例句：The exam was difficult, but the decision to quit was even tougher. 考点三 固定搭配：tough decision/choice 说明："tough decision/choice"表示"艰难的决定/选择"。 例句：Choosing between family and career is a tough decision for many people. 考点四 固定搭配：have a tough time 说明："have a tough time (doing sth)"表示"过得很艰难/做某事很困难"。 例句：She had a tough time learning to drive, but she finally passed the test. 考点五 同义转换：tough = difficult / hard / challenging 说明：中考中 tough 表示“艰难的”时，可与 difficult / hard / challenging 进行同义转换。如 a tough job 可转换为 a difficult job / a hard job / a challenging job。 例句：Working at a hospital can be tough. (= Working at a hospital can be difficult.) at all times /æt ɔːl taɪmz/ 短语 总是，随时 课本原句：Doctors must be very careful at all times 考点一 短语含义与用法 说明："at all times"表示"总是，随时，无论何时"，强调持续性和不间断性。 例句：Safety rules must be followed at all times in the laboratory. 考点二 辨析：at all times vs all the time 说明："at all times"较强调整天候/随时待命（义务性），而"all the time"指"总是，一直"（描述事实）。 例句：A doctor must be ready at all times, and he works all the time. 考点三 辨析：at all times vs at times 说明："at all times"表示"总是"，而"at times"表示"有时"，意思相反。 例句：She is cheerful at all times, but even she feels sad at times. 考点四 同义替换 说明："at all times"可替换为 always 或 constantly，但 at all times 更正式。 例句：The soldier must be alert at all times, which means he must always stay focused. 考点五 介词搭配 说明："at all times"中的介词 at 是固定用法，不可替换为 in 或 on。 例句：Parents should keep an eye on their children at all times in public places. 考点六 同义转换：at all times = always / all the time / constantly 说明：中考中 at all times 可转换为 always / all the time / constantly。如 Doctors must be careful at all times 可转换为 Doctors must always be careful / Doctors must be careful all the time。 例句：Doctors must be careful at all times. (= Doctors must always be careful.) passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客 课本原句：make train travel faster and more enjoyable for passengers 考点一 辨析：passenger vs driver 说明："passenger"是乘客，"driver"是司机。passenger 指乘坐交通工具但不操控的人。 例句：The driver stopped the bus and all the passengers got off safely. 考点二 固定搭配：passenger seat 说明："passenger seat"表示"副驾驶座"。 例句：I always feel nervous when sitting in the passenger seat. 考点三 常见搭配：airline passenger 说明："passenger"可与不同交通工具搭配，如 airline passenger（飞机乘客）、bus passenger（公交乘客）。 例句：The airline passenger waited at the gate for two hours before boarding. 考点四 同义转换：passenger = a person who travels in a vehicle 说明：中考中 passenger 可转换为 a person who travels in a vehicle / a person who rides in a bus, train, etc.这是中考阅读理解型同义转换。 例句：The bus can carry fifty passengers. (= The bus can carry fifty people who travel in it.) exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ adv. （答语）完全正确；准确地 课本原句：Exactly. I"m very interested in fashion. 考点一 词形转换 说明："exactly"是副词，其形容词形式是"exact"（准确的，精确的）。 例句：Can you give me the exact time? I need to know exactly when the meeting starts. 考点二 用作答语 说明："Exactly."在口语中常用作答语，表示"完全正确，正是如此"。 例句：So you mean we should start over? — Exactly. 考点三 辨析：exactly vs absolutely 说明："exactly"侧重"精确一致"，而"absolutely"侧重"完全肯定/坚决"。 例句：That is exactly what I meant, and I absolutely agree with you. 考点四 not exactly 的用法 说明："not exactly"用于委婉地表示"不完全是这样"或"不完全是"。 例句：Is the work finished? — Not exactly. We still have a few things to do. 考点五 强调用法 说明："exactly"可用于强调 wh- 疑问词，表示"究竟，到底"。 例句：What exactly do you want me to do? 考点六 同义转换：Exactly! = That is right! / Correct! / Absolutely! 说明：中考中 exactly 用于表示赞同时，可与 That is right / Correct / Absolutely / You are right 进行同义转换。这是中考听力和情景对话中的高频考点。 例句："So you want to be a designer?" "Exactly!" (= "So you want to be a designer?" "That is right!") improvement /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ n. 改进，改善 课本原句：I think they need some improvement. 考点一 词形转换 说明："improvement"是名词，动词形式是"improve"（改进，改善）=make...better。 例句：Your English has improved greatly, and the improvement is very obvious. 考点二 固定搭配：make an improvement 说明："make an improvement"表示"做出改进"，也可说 make improvements。 例句：We need to make some improvements to the design before it goes into production. 考点三 固定搭配：an improvement on/over 说明："an improvement on/over"表示"比……有所改进"。 例句：This new model is a great improvement on the old one. 考点四 辨析：improvement vs progress 说明："improvement"侧重"质量的改进"，而"progress"侧重"进程的推进"。 例句：He made great progress in his studies, with clear improvement in his writing skills. 考点五 同源词汇 说明：与 improvement 同源的词还有 improved（改进后的）、improving（正在改进的）、improver（改进者）。 例句：The improved version shows significant improvement over the original. 考点六 同义转换：improvement = making better / getting better 说明：中考中 improvement 可转换为 making better / progress / development。如 There is some improvement 可转换为 It is getting better / There is some progress。 例句：There has been a great improvement in his English. (= His English has got much better.) either ... or ... /ˈaɪðə(r) ɔː(r)/ 短语 要么……要么…… 课本原句：you could be either a painter or a fashion designer 考点一 基本用法 说明："either ... or ..."用于连接两个并列成分，表示"要么……要么……，或者……或者……"。 例句：You can take either the blue one or the red one. 考点二 主谓一致：就近原则 说明：当 either ... or ... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持一致。 例句：Either you or he is going to attend the meeting. 考点三 辨析：either ... or ... vs neither ... nor ... 说明："either ... or ..."表肯定选择，"neither ... nor ..."表否定。 例句：You can choose either tea or coffee, but I want neither tea nor coffee. 考点四 连接句子成分 说明："either ... or ..."可连接名词、动词、形容词、介词短语，甚至整个句子。 例句：We can either go to the cinema or stay at home and watch a movie. 考点五 同义转换：either A or B = A or B (one of them) 说明：中考中 either ... or ... 强调二选一，可转换为 one of A and B / A or B。如 You can be either a painter or a designer 可转换为 You can be a painter or a designer / You can choose one between a painter and a designer。 例句：You could be either a painter or a fashion designer. (= You could be a painter or a fashion designer. Choose one of them.) decide on /dɪˈsaɪd ɒn/ 短语 决定，选定 课本原句：Before you decide on a job 考点一 固定搭配 说明："decide on sth"表示"决定，选定"，强调从多个选项中做出选择。 例句：After visiting several houses, they finally decided on the one near the park. 考点二 辨析：decide on vs decide to do 说明："decide on"后接名词或动名词（选定某事物），而"decide to do"后接动词原形（决定做某事）。 例句：She decided on a red dress and decided to wear it to the party. 考点三 同义替换 说明："decide on"可替换为 choose、select、pick 等词。 例句：We need to decide on a date for the meeting as soon as possible. 考点四 decide 的派生词 说明："decide"的名词形式是"decision"（决定），形容词是"decisive"（果断的）。 例句：He is a decisive person who always decides on things quickly. 考点五 同义转换：decide on = choose / make a decision about 说明：中考中 decide on 可转换为 choose / make a decision about / settle on。如 Before you decide on a job 可转换为 Before you choose a job / Before you make a decision about a job。 例句：Have you decided on a career yet? (= Have you chosen a career yet? / Have you made a decision about a career yet?) personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格，个性 课本原句：think about your personality as well as your goals 课本原句：How is your personality formed? 考点一 词形转换 说明："personality"是名词，形容词形式是"personal"（个人的，私人的），副词是"personally"（就个人而言）。 例句：The decision was based on his personal preference, which matches his personality. 考点二 辨析：personality vs character 说明："personality"侧重"外在表现的个性"，而"character"侧重"内在的道德品质"。 例句：She has a cheerful personality and a strong character. 考点三 固定搭配：a strong/weak personality 说明：表示"个性强/个性弱"，用 a strong/weak personality。 例句：People with a strong personality often become good leaders. 考点四 固定搭配：personality test 说明："personality test"表示"性格测试"，是职场和心理学中常见的概念。 例句：Many companies ask job applicants to take a personality test. 考点五 同义转换：personality = character / nature 说明：中考中 personality 可与 character / nature 进行同义转换。如 a strong personality 可转换为 a strong character / a strong nature。 例句：Her personality makes her a good leader. (= Her character makes her a good leader.) take on /teɪk ɒn/ 短语 承担（责任），决定做 课本原句：Either Simon or David is ready to take on new challenges. 考点一 一词多义 说明："take on"有多种含义："承担（责任/任务）"、"呈现（面貌）"、"雇佣"。 例句：She took on the project and the town took on a new look. 考点二 固定搭配：take on challenges 说明："take on challenges"表示"接受挑战"，是常用搭配。 例句：A good leader is always ready to take on new challenges. 考点三 辨析：take on vs take up 说明："take on"侧重承担（责任/挑战），而"take up"侧重开始从事（爱好/课程等）。 例句：He took on the responsibility of the team and also took up painting as a hobby. 考点四 固定搭配：take on sb 说明："take on sb"可表示"雇佣某人"，相当于 hire。 例句：The company plans to take on fifty new workers this year. 考点五 take 的其他短语 说明：学习 take 相关的其他短语：take off（起飞；脱下）、take over（接管）、take after（长得像）。 例句：He took on the project, then took off his jacket and took over the meeting. 考点六 同义转换：take on a challenge = accept a challenge / face a challenge 说明：中考中 take on 表示“承担”时，可与 accept / face / undertake 进行同义转换。如 take on new challenges 可转换为 accept new challenges / face new challenges。 例句：He is ready to take on new challenges. (= He is ready to accept new challenges.) challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战 课本原句：take on new challenges 课本原句：no matter what challenges I meet 考点一 词形转换 说明："challenge"作名词是"挑战"，作动词表示"挑战"。形容词是"challenging"（有挑战性的）。 例句：The task challenged him greatly, and it was the most challenging work he had ever done. 考点二 固定搭配：face a challenge 说明："face a challenge"表示"面对挑战"，也可说 meet a challenge。 例句：Every student faces challenges in their studies, but they must learn to overcome them. 考点三 固定搭配：accept/take on a challenge 说明："accept a challenge"或"take on a challenge"表示"接受挑战"。 例句：She always accepts new challenges with a positive attitude. 考点四 challenge sb to do sth 的用法 说明："challenge"作动词时，结构为 challenge sb to do sth，表示"向某人挑战做某事"。 例句：My friend challenged me to run a marathon with her. 考点五 同义转换：challenge = difficult task / test of ability= hard problems 说明：中考中 challenge 可与 difficult task / test of ability / difficulty 进行同义转换。如 face a challenge 可转换为 face a difficult task / face a test of ability。 例句：Learning a new language is a big challenge. (= Learning a new language is a big difficult task.) winner /ˈwɪnə(r)/ n. 获胜者 课本原句：will be the winner of the art competition 考点一 词形转换 说明："winner"是名词，动词形式是"win"（赢），过去式/过去分词是 won。 例句：She won the competition and became the winner of the first prize. 考点二 -er 后缀表示人 说明："winner"由 win + -ner 构成，-er 后缀表示"做……的人"。注意双写 n。 例句：The winner of the race received a gold medal. 考点三 辨析：winner vs champion 说明："winner"指某场比赛的获胜者，而"champion"指冠军，通常指最高级别的获胜者。 例句：He is the winner of today"s match and a former world champion. 考点四 固定搭配：the winner of 说明："the winner of ..."表示"……的获胜者"，后接比赛或奖项名称。 例句：Who was the winner of the singing contest last year? 考点五 同义转换：winner = a person who wins / champion 说明：中考中 winner 可转换为 a person who wins / champion / victor。如 the winner of the competition 可转换为 the champion of the competition / the person who wins the competition。 例句：She will be the winner of the art competition. (= She will be the champion of the art competition.) outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的，友好的 课本原句：All my family members except my brother are outgoing. 考点一 合成词分析 说明："outgoing"由"out"（向外）和"going"（去）组成，引申为"外向的"。 例句：An outgoing person likes to go out and meet new people. 考点二 反义词：shy / introverted 说明："outgoing"的反义词可表达为 shy（害羞的）或 introverted（内向的）。 例句：His brother is very shy and introverted, unlike him who is very outgoing. 考点三 辨析：outgoing vs friendly 说明："outgoing"强调乐于与人交往、性格外向，而"friendly"仅指对人友好。 例句：He is not very outgoing and prefers to be alone, but he is friendly to everyone. 考点四 同义转换：outgoing = sociable / extroverted / friendly 说明：中考中 outgoing 可与 sociable / extroverted / friendly / sociable 进行同义转换。如 an outgoing person 可转换为 a sociable person / an extroverted person / a friendly person。 例句：All my family members are outgoing. (= All my family members are sociable.) opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ n. 对立的人（或事物） 课本原句：My brother is the opposite—he is quite shy! 考点一 一词多义：名词、形容词、介词 说明："opposite"可作名词（对立的人/事物）、形容词（相反的）、介词（在……对面）。 例句：The opposite of"hot" is "cold". The library is on the opposite side of the street, just opposite the park. 考点二 固定搭配：the opposite of 说明："the opposite of ..."表示"……的对立面/反义词"。 例句：Big" is the opposite of "small". 考点三 辨析：opposite vs contrary 说明："opposite"指完全相反的两端，而"contrary"指相反但对立的程度可能较弱。 例句：His opinion is the opposite of mine, and contrary to what you may think, I respect him. 考点四 opposite 作介词 说明："opposite"作介词表示"在……对面"，后直接接名词。 例句：The bank is opposite the post office. 考点五 同义转换：the opposite = the contrary / the reverse 说明：中考中 opposite 可与 the contrary / the reverse 进行同义转换。如 He is the opposite of his brother 可转换为 He is the contrary of his brother / He is completely different from his brother。 例句：My brother is the opposite of me. (= My brother is the contrary of me. / My brother is completely different from me.) kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良 课本原句：together with her kindness, would make her a perfect teacher 考点一 词形转换 说明："kindness"是名词，形容词形式是"kind"（善良的），副词是"kindly"（友善地）。 例句：She is a kind person, and her kindness has touched many people. 考点二 固定搭配：show kindness to sb 说明："show kindness to sb"表示"对某人表示善意"。 例句：We should show kindness to everyone, even strangers. 考点三 辨析：kindness vs goodness 说明："kindness"侧重对人的友善和关爱，而"goodness"更广义，指道德上的善良和正直。 例句：His kindness showed in small daily acts, while his goodness was clear in his honest behavior. 考点四 固定搭配：out of kindness 说明："out of kindness"表示"出于善意"。 例句：She helped the old man out of kindness, not for any reward. 考点五 同义转换：kindness = being kind / being friendly / goodwill 说明：中考中 kindness 可转换为 being kind / being friendly / goodwill / gentleness。如 Her kindness makes her popular 可转换为 Her being kind makes her popular / Her friendly nature makes her popular。 例句：Her kindness makes her a perfect teacher. (= Her being kind makes her a perfect teacher.) matter /ˈmætə(r)/ n. 关乎……的事情；问题 课本原句：no matter what challenges I meet 考点一 no matter + 疑问词的用法 说明："no matter + 疑问词"引导让步状语从句，表示"无论……"，如 no matter what/who/when/where。 例句：No matter how hard it is, I will never give up. 考点二 matter 作动词= be important 说明："matter"作动词表示"要紧，有关系"，常用 it doesn"t matter 表示"没关系"。 例句：It doesn"t matter if you make mistakes, no matter how many you make. 考点三 what"s the matter? 的用法 说明："What"s the matter?"表示"怎么了？出什么事了？"，相当于 What"s wrong? 例句：You look upset. What"s the matter? 考点四 辨析：matter vs problem 说明："matter"是中性词，泛指事情或问题；"problem"则更强调"困难、麻烦"。 例句：This is a serious matter rather than just a small problem. 考点五 同义转换：no matter what = regardless of / whatever 说明：中考中 no matter what 可转换为 regardless of / whatever / no matter how。如 No matter what challenges I meet 可转换为 Whatever challenges I meet / Regardless of what challenges I meet。 例句：No matter what challenges I meet, I will not give up. (= Whatever challenges I meet, I will not give up.) as a matter of fact /æz ə ˈmætə ɒv fækt/ 短语 事实上 课本原句：As a matter of fact, I made a list of books about jobs and personalities. 考点一 短语含义与用法 说明："as a matter of fact"表示"事实上，实际上"，用于加强语气或纠正之前的说法。 例句：I thought he was French. As a matter of fact, he is from Belgium. 考点二 同义替换 说明："as a matter of fact"可替换为 actually、in fact、in reality 等。 例句：She said she was busy. As a matter of fact, she just didn"t want to come. 考点三 辨析：as a matter of fact vs in fact 说明："as a matter of fact"比"in fact"更正式、更强调事实性，但两者用法基本相同。 例句：In fact, many people don"t like the change. As a matter of fact, most of them are against it. 考点四 同义转换：as a matter of fact = in fact / actually / in reality 说明：中考中 as a matter of fact 可转换为 in fact / actually / in reality / to tell the truth。这是中考阅读和完形填空中的高频同义转换考点。 例句：As a matter of fact, I made a list of books about jobs. (= In fact, I made a list of books about jobs.) let sb down /let ˈsʌb daʊn/ 短语 使失望 课本原句：I won"t let her down 考点一 短语含义与结构 说明："let sb down"表示"使某人失望"，let 是及物动词，sb 作宾语，down 是副词。 例句：I promised to help, so I won"t let you down. 考点二 辨析：let sb down vs disappoint sb 说明："let sb down"是短语动词，更口语化；"disappoint"是及物动词，较正式。 例句：He let his parents down by failing the exam, and his bad grades disappointed them. 考点三 let 的其他短语 说明：学习 let 相关的其他短语： let sb in（让某人进入）、let out（放出；泄露）、let go of（放开）。 例句：He let his team in but let everyone down with his poor performance. 考点四 被动语态 说明："be let down"是被动形式，表示"感到失望"。也可用 feel let down。 例句：She felt let down when her best friend didn"t come to her party. 考点五 同义表达 说明：除了 let sb down，还可用 fail sb 表示"让某人失望，辜负某人"。 例句：I will study hard and I won"t let you down or fail your expectations. 考点六 同义转换：let sb down = disappoint sb / fail sb 说明：中考中 let sb down 可转换为 disappoint sb / fail sb / make sb disappointed。如 I will not let her down 可转换为 I will not disappoint her / I will not fail her。 例句：I will not let her down. (= I will not disappoint her.) probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能，大概 课本原句：fashion designers probably work hard 考点一 词形转换 说明："probably"是副词，形容词形式是"probable"（很可能的），名词是"probability"（可能性）。 例句：It is probable that she will arrive late, and she will probably come around eight. 考点二 辨析：probably vs possibly vs maybe 说明："probably"可能性最大（约90%），"possibly"可能性较小（约30%），"maybe"较口语化。 例句：Probably she will come, possibly she may be late, and maybe she will bring a friend. 考点三 在句中的位置 说明："probably"通常放在系动词/情态动词/助动词之后，实义动词之前。 例句：He is probably at home and he will probably call you later. 考点四 同义转换：probably = likely / most likely / in all likelihood 说明：中考中 probably 可与 likely / most likely / in all likelihood / perhaps 进行同义转换。如 He will probably come 可转换为 He is likely to come / It is likely that he will come。 例句：Fashion designers probably work very hard. (= Fashion designers are likely to work very hard.) encouragement /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/ n. 鼓励 课本原句：She gives me lots of encouragement. 考点一 词形转换 说明："encouragement"是名词，动词形式是"encourage"（鼓励），形容词是"encouraging"（令人鼓舞的）。 例句：His teacher encourages him a lot, and this encouragement makes him feel more confident. 考点二 固定搭配：give sb encouragement 说明："give sb encouragement"表示"给某人鼓励"。 例句：Parents should give their children encouragement when they face difficulties. 考点三 反义词：discouragement 说明："encouragement"的反义词是"discouragement"（气馁，泄气），动词是"discourage"。 例句：Encouragement helps you move forward, while discouragement holds you back. 考点四 固定搭配：encourage sb to do sth 说明："encourage sb to do sth"表示"鼓励某人做某事"。 例句：My friend encouraged me to take on the challenge, and her encouragement helped me succeed. 考点五 同义转换：encouragement = giving support / giving motivation / inspiration 说明：中考中 encouragement 可转换为 giving support / giving motivation / inspiration / backing。如 She gives me lots of encouragement 可转换为 She gives me lots of support / She motivates me a lot。 例句：She gives me lots of encouragement. (= She gives me lots of support. / She motivates me a lot.) behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 表现方式；行为 课本原句：Your personality is a special mix of your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. 考点一 英式/美式拼写 说明："behaviour"是英式拼写，美式拼写为"behavior"，注意 u 的差异。 例句：In British English we spell it behaviour, while in American English it is behavior. 考点二 词形转换 说明："behaviour"是名词，动词形式是"behave"（表现，行为）。 例句：He behaved well at the party, and his good behaviour was praised by everyone. 考点三 固定搭配：good/poor behaviour 说明："good/bad behaviour"表示"良好/不良行为"。 例句：The teacher rewarded the students for their good behaviour. 考点四 辨析：behaviour vs action 说明："behaviour"指惯常的行为方式，范围较广；"action"指具体的行为或行动。 例句：His rude behaviour at the meeting surprised everyone, but his action of apologizing later was appreciated. 考点五 同义转换：behaviour = the way one acts / conduct / manner/action 例句：Your personality is a mix of your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. (= Your personality is a mix of your thoughts, feelings and the way you act.) pass sth on to sb /pɑːs ɒn tuː ˈsʌb/ 短语 传给某人 课本原句：Some parts of your personality are passed on to you by your parents. 考点一 短语结构分析 说明："pass sth on to sb"表示"将某物传给某人"，pass 是动词，on 是副词，to sb 是接受者。 例句：Please read this notice and pass it on to your classmates. 考点二 辨析：pass on vs pass away 说明："pass on"表示"传递"，而"pass away"是"去世"的委婉说法，注意不要混淆。 例句：My grandfather passed away last year, and he passed on his wisdom to me before that. 考点三 同义替换 说明："pass sth on to sb"可替换为 hand down、give to 或 transmit。 例句：The tradition was passed on from generation to generation. 考点四 pass 的其他短语 说明：学习 pass 的其他短语：pass by（经过）、pass through（通过）、pass out（昏倒）。 例句：I passed by his office and passed the documents on to his assistant. 考点五 被动语态 说明：该短语常用被动语态 be passed on to sb，表示某物被传给某人。 例句：Good values should be passed on to the next generation. 考点六 同义转换：pass sth on to sb = give sth to sb / hand sth over to sb 说明：中考中 pass sth on to sb 可转换为 give sth to sb / hand sth over to sb / pass sth along to sb。如 pass on the tradition to children 可转换为 give the tradition to children / hand the tradition down to children。 例句：Some parts of your personality are passed on to you by your parents. (= Some parts of your personality are given to you by your parents.) son /sʌn/ n. 儿子 课本原句：Like father, like son. 考点一 谚语：Like father, like son. 说明："Like father, like son."是一句英语谚语，表示"有其父必有其子"。 例句：Jack enjoys painting just like his dad. Like father, like son. 考点二 同音词：son vs sun 说明："son"（儿子）和"sun"（太阳）发音相同，但拼写和意义完全不同。 例句：My son loves playing in the sun. 考点三 固定搭配：the only son 说明："the only son"表示"独生子"。 例句：He is the only son in his family and has three sisters. 考点四 同义转换：son = a male child / a boy child 说明：中考中同义转换常考查家庭成员词汇的释义型转换。son 可转换为 a male child / a boy child。如 Like father, like son 可转换为 The son is like the father。 例句：He is the only son in the family. (= He is the only male child in the family.) remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ linking v. 保持不变，仍然是 课本原句：these qualities do not change easily and may remain the same for your whole life 考点一 作系动词的用法 说明："remain"作系动词时，后接形容词、名词、介词短语等，表示"保持某种状态"。 例句：Despite all the difficulties, she remained calm and confident. 考点二 辨析：remain vs stay 说明："remain"侧重保持某种状态不变，较正式；"stay"更口语化，侧重停留在某地或保持某状态。 例句：He remained silent throughout the meeting, but he stayed behind to talk to me afterwards. 考点三 remaining 的用法 说明："remaining"是形容词，表示"剩余的"，常放在名词前作定语。 例句：He spent the remaining time reading a book. 考点四 固定搭配：remain the same 说明："remain the same"表示"保持不变"。 例句：Some people change over time, but others remain the same for their whole lives. 考点五 同义转换：remain the same = stay the same / keep unchanged 说明：中考中 remain 表示“保持不变”时，可与 stay / keep / continue to be 进行同义转换。如 remain the same 可转换为 stay the same / keep unchanged / continue to be the same。 例句：These qualities may remain the same for your whole life. (= These qualities may stay the same for your whole life.) confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的 课本原句：you may become confident if you successfully complete difficult tasks 课本原句：David is also confident 考点一 词形转换 说明："confident"是形容词，名词形式是"confidence"（信心），反义词是"unconfident"（不自信的）。 例句：He has great confidence in himself and is always confident about his future. 考点二 固定搭配：be confident of/about 说明："be confident of/about sth"表示"对某事有信心"。 例句：She is confident of winning the competition. 考点三 辨析：confident vs proud 说明："confident"指"对自己能力的信心"，而"proud"指"为成就感到自豪"。 例句：She is confident about her abilities, and she is proud of what she has achieved. 考点四 固定搭配：build confidence 说明："build confidence"表示"建立信心"，也可以用 gain confidence（获得信心）。 例句：Taking on small challenges helps you build confidence step by step. 考点五 同义转换：confident = sure of oneself / having confidence / believing in oneself 说明：中考中 confident 可转换为 sure of oneself / having confidence / self-assured / believing in oneself。如 He is confident 可转换为 He is sure of himself / He has confidence in himself。 例句：David is confident and never afraid to voice his ideas. (= David is sure of himself and never afraid to voice his ideas.) likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adj./adv. 可能的；可能 课本原句：Personalities more likely to achieve job success 课本原句：most likely shapes your personality 考点一 固定搭配：be likely to do 说明："be likely to do sth"表示"很可能会做某事"，是最常用的搭配。 例句：He is likely to arrive late because of the heavy traffic. 考点二 辨析：likely vs possible vs probable 说明："likely"表示可能性较大，"possible"可能性较小，"probable"可能性最大。 例句：It is possible that it will rain, but it is likely to be sunny and probably warm. 考点三 most likely 的用法 说明："most likely"表示"最有可能"，相当于 very likely。 例句：She is most likely to get the job because of her rich experience. 考点四 It is likely that 句型 说明："It is likely that ..."句型也表示可能性，后接完整的从句。 例句：It is likely that he will pass the exam with such good preparation. 考点五 同义转换：be likely to = be expected to / be probable to / tend to 说明：中考中 likely 可与 be expected to / be probable to / tend to 进行同义转换。如 He is likely to succeed 可转换为 He is expected to succeed / It is probable that he will succeed。 例句：People who are confident are more likely to achieve success. (= People who are confident are more expected to achieve success.) negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的 课本原句：Focus too much on the negative side 课本原句：see the negative everywhere 考点一 一词多义 说明："negative"可表示"消极的"（反义词 positive）、"否定的"（如 negative answer）、"负面的"。 例句：Her negative attitude towards the plan and her negative answer surprised everyone. 考点二 反义词：positive 说明："negative"最常见的反义词是"positive"（积极的；肯定的；正面的）。 例句：Instead of focusing on negative aspects, try to see the positive side of things. 考点三 固定搭配：negative effect/influence 说明："negative effect/influence"表示"负面影响"。 例句：Too much screen time has a negative effect on children"s eyesight. 考点四 辨析：negative vs pessimistic 说明："negative"侧重"否定的、消极的"，而"pessimistic"侧重"悲观的态度/心理"。 例句：She gave a negative comment on the plan and felt pessimistic about the future. 考点五 同义转换：negative = pessimistic / unfavorable / bad 说明：中考中 negative 表示“消极的、负面的”时，可与 pessimistic / unfavorable / bad / harmful 进行同义转换。如 focus on the negative side 可转换为 focus on the pessimistic side / focus on the bad side。 例句：Do not focus too much on the negative side. (= Do not focus too much on the pessimistic side.) lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 演讲，讲座 课本原句：Simon is listening to a lecture about the relationship between personality and job success 考点一 固定搭配：give/deliver a lecture 说明："give a lecture"或"deliver a lecture"表示"做讲座，发表演讲"。 例句：A famous professor will give a lecture on climate change next Friday. 考点二 固定搭配：attend a lecture 说明："attend a lecture"表示"听讲座"。也可说 listen to a lecture。 例句：Many students attended the lecture on career planning. 考点三 辨析：lecture vs speech 说明："lecture"侧重教育性的、有系统内容的讲课或讲座，而"speech"指任何公开讲话。 例句：The professor gave a lecture on history, and then the mayor made a speech. 考点四 lecture 作动词 说明："lecture"作动词表示"讲课，训诫"。lecture sb on/about sth 表示"就某事训诫某人"。 例句：My father lectured me on the importance of being punctual. 考点五 同义转换：lecture = a talk / a speech / a presentation 说明：中考中 lecture 可与 a talk / a speech / a presentation 进行同义转换。如 give a lecture 可转换为 give a talk / give a speech / give a presentation。 例句：Simon is listening to a lecture about personality. (= Simon is listening to a talk about personality.) connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 关联；联结 课本原句：learn about the connection between personality and success 考点一 词形转换 说明："connection"是名词，动词形式是"connect"（连接，关联），形容词是"connected"（关联的）。 例句：Can you connect these two ideas? I think there is a close connection between them. 考点二 固定搭配：have a connection with 说明："have a connection with"表示"与……有联系/关联"。 例句：His research has a strong connection with environmental protection. 考点三 辨析：connection vs relation 说明："connection"侧重事物之间的连接/关联，而"relation"侧重人与人之间或事物之间的关系。 例句：There is a close connection between education and success, and the relation between hard work and success is also clear. 考点四 同义转换：connection between = link between / relationship between 说明：中考中 connection 可与 link / relationship / association 进行同义转换。如 the connection between personality and success 可转换为 the link between personality and success / the relationship between personality and success。 例句：There is a strong connection between personality and success. (= There is a strong link between personality and success.) speaker /ˈspiːkə(r)/ n. 发言者；讲（某种语言）的人 课本原句：According to the speaker, successful people share many qualities. 考点一 一词多义 说明："speaker"可表示"演讲者/发言人"，也可表示"讲某种语言的人"（如 English speaker）。 例句：The speaker is a native English speaker from London. 考点二 词形转换 说明："speaker"由 speak（说话）+ -er（表示……的人）构成。 例句：She speaks very well, and as a speaker, she is very popular. 考点三 辨析：speaker vs listener 说明："speaker"是说话的人（发言者），"listener"是听的人（听众）。 例句：A good speaker knows how to attract the attention of the listeners. 考点四 固定搭配：native speaker 说明："native speaker"表示"母语者"，即从小就说某种语言的人。 例句：Learning from a native speaker can help you improve your pronunciation. 考点五 speak 的其他派生词 说明：与 speak 相关的词：speech（演讲）、spoken（口语的）、unspeakable（难以言说的）。 例句：His speech as the keynote speaker was very impressive. 考点六 同义转换：speaker = a person who gives a speech / presenter 说明：中考中 speaker 可转换为 a person who gives a speech / presenter / lecturer。如 According to the speaker 可转换为 According to the person who gives the speech / According to the presenter。 例句：According to the speaker, successful people share many qualities. (= According to the person who gives the speech, successful people share many qualities.) point /pɔɪnt/ vt.&vi. 指向，指引 课本原句：Judy pointed out that because of this quality 考点一 一词多义 说明："point"作名词可表示"观点，要点，得分，点"，作动词可表示"指向，指出"。 例句：The speaker made an important point and pointed at the chart on the screen. 考点二 固定搭配：point at/to 说明："point at"指用手或物体指向具体目标，"point to"可指指示方向或暗示。 例句：He pointed at the map and pointed to the city where he was born. 考点三 固定搭配：point of view 说明："point of view"表示"观点，看法"，相当于 opinion 或 perspective。 例句：From my point of view, the plan needs some improvement. 考点四 固定搭配：there is no point in doing 说明："There is no point in doing sth"表示"做某事没有意义"。 例句：There is no point in arguing with someone who refuses to listen. 考点五 同义转换：point to = indicate / direct to / show 说明：中考中 point to / point at 可与 indicate / direct to / show 进行同义转换。如 He pointed to the door 可转换为 He indicated the door / He directed us to the door。 例句：She pointed to the map and explained the route. (= She indicated the map and explained the route.) point out /pɔɪnt aʊt/ 短语 指出 课本原句：Judy pointed out that because of this quality, I know how to cooperate with other people 考点一 短语含义与结构 说明："point out"表示"指出"，point 是动词，out 是副词。后可接名词、that 从句或 wh- 从句。 例句：The teacher pointed out the mistakes in my homework. 考点二 point out + that 从句 说明："point out"后可接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示"指出……"。that 可省略。 例句：He pointed out that the meeting had been postponed to next week. 考点三 辨析：point out vs point to 说明："point out"侧重"口头指出，说明"，而"point to"侧重"用手指/物理指向"。 例句：She pointed to the door and pointed out that it was time to leave. 考点四 point sth out to sb 说明："point sth out to sb"表示"向某人指出某事"。 例句：The guide pointed the historical buildings out to the tourists. 考点五 同义转换：point out = mention / draw attention to / indicate 说明：中考中 point out 可与 mention / draw attention to / indicate / bring up 进行同义转换。如 Judy pointed out the problem 可转换为 Judy mentioned the problem / Judy drew attention to the problem。 例句：Judy pointed out that she knows how to cooperate. (= Judy mentioned that she knows how to cooperate.) pay off /peɪ ɒf/ 短语 成功，奏效 课本原句：Your hard work paid off. 考点一 短语含义与用法 说明："pay off"表示"取得好结果，成功，奏效"，常用于描述努力最终得到回报。 例句：All her years of practice finally paid off when she won the championship. 考点二 辨析：pay off vs pay back 说明："pay off"指（努力等）得到回报或还清（债务），而"pay back"指偿还（钱）或报复。 例句：His hard work paid off and he paid back all his debts within a year. 考点三 pay off 的一词多义 说明："pay off"还可表示"还清（债务）"或"付钱打发走（人）"。 例句：It took him ten years to pay off the loan for his house. 考点四 主语搭配 说明："pay off"表示"奏效"时，主语通常是 effort、work、strategy 等表示努力的事物。 例句：Our team’s hard work paid off and we achieved our goal. 考点五 pay 的其他短语 说明：学习 pay 的其他短语：pay for（为……付钱；为……付出代价）、pay attention to（注意）。 例句：You must pay for your mistakes, but if you pay attention to details, your efforts will pay off. 考点六 同义转换：pay off = bring good results / work out / be successful 说明：中考中 pay off 表示“取得成功、得到回报”时，可与 bring good results / work out / be successful / be rewarding 进行同义转换。如 Your hard work paid off 可转换为 Your hard work brought good results / Your hard work was successful。 例句：Your hard work paid off. (= Your hard work brought good results. / Your hard work was successful.) succeed /səkˈsiːd/ vi. 成功 课本原句：I won"t give up until I find a way to succeed. 考点一 词形转换 说明："succeed"是动词，名词形式是"success"（成功），形容词是"successful"（成功的），副词是"successfully"（成功地）。 例句：If you work hard, you will succeed. Your success depends on your efforts, and you will become a successful person. 考点二 固定搭配：succeed in doing sth 说明："succeed in doing sth"表示"成功做某事"。注意后接 in + 动名词，不能接不定式。 例句：She succeeded in solving the difficult math problem. 考点三 辨析：succeed vs manage 说明："succeed in doing"强调最终成功，"manage to do"强调设法做到（即使有困难）。 例句：She managed to finish the work on time and succeeded in impressing her boss. 考点四 常见错误：succeed 后不加 to do 说明：初学者常犯错误说 succeed to do，正确形式是 succeed in doing。 例句：He succeeded in passing the exam after studying hard for two months. 考点五 succeed 的另一含义 说明："succeed"还可表示"继承，接替"，常用 succeed sb as ...（接替某人担任……）。 例句：He succeeded his father as the president of the company. 考点六 同义转换：succeed in doing= be successful in / manage to do / achieve success in= do sth successfully 说明：中考中 succeed in 可转换为 be successful in / manage to / achieve success in。如 He succeeded in the exam 可转换为 He was successful in the exam / He managed to pass the exam。 例句：I will not give up until I find a way to succeed. (= I will not give up until I find a way to be successful.) position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 职位；位置 课本原句：David has all of the qualities for the position. 考点一 一词多义 说明："position"可表示"职位"（如 job position）、"位置"（physical location）、"姿势"（body position）、"处境"（situation）。 例句：He got a senior position at the company, and his office is in a great position with a sea view. 考点二 固定搭配：apply for a position 说明："apply for a position"表示"申请一个职位"。 例句：She applied for the position of sales manager last week. 考点三 辨析：position vs job 说明："position"更正式，指某个具体的职位/岗位，而"job"更通用，泛指工作。 例句：He is looking for a job, and he hopes to get a position as an accountant. 考点四 同义转换：position = job / post / role 说明：中考中 position 表示“职位”时，可与 job / post / role 进行同义转换。如 He has all the qualities for the position 可转换为 He has all the qualities for the job / He has all the qualities for the post。 例句：David has all of the qualities for the position. (= David has all of the qualities for the job.) president /ˈprezɪdənt/ n. 主席；院长；董事长 课本原句：president of the Students' Union 考点一 词形转换 说明："president"是名词，同源词有"preside"（主持，负责）、"presidential"（总统的）。 例句：He was elected president of the company, and he now presides over all major meetings. 考点二 固定搭配：president of ... 说明："president of ..."表示"……的主席/总裁/院长"。 例句：He is the president of the Students' Union at our school. 考点三 president 在不同语境中的翻译 说明："president"在不同语境中有不同的翻译：总统（国家）、董事长（公司）、院长（学院）、主席（学会/组织）。 例句：He went from being the president of the student union to becoming the president of a large company. 考点四 同义转换：president = the head / the leader / the chairperson 说明：中考中 president 可转换为 the head / the leader / the chairperson。如 president of the Students Union 可转换为 the head of the Students Union / the leader of the Students Union。 例句：He is the president of the Students Union. (= He is the head of the Students Union.) cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作 课本原句：These abilities allow him to cooperate well with our classmates and teachers. 考点一 固定搭配：cooperate with sb 说明："cooperate with sb"表示"与某人合作"。 例句：We need to cooperate with each other to finish the project on time. 考点二 词形转换 说明："cooperate"是动词，名词形式是"cooperation"（合作），形容词是"cooperative"（合作的）。 例句：They cooperate well, and their cooperation has led to great success. 考点三 前缀 co- 的含义 说明：前缀 co- 表示"共同，一起"，如 coworker（同事）、coexist（共存）、coauthor（合著者）。 例句：Coworkers need to cooperate to coexist peacefully in the workplace. 考点四 同义转换：cooperate with = work together with / collaborate with 说明：中考中 cooperate with 可转换为 work together with / collaborate with / join hands with。如 He cooperates well with classmates 可转换为 He works together well with classmates / He collaborates well with classmates。 例句：These abilities allow him to cooperate well with our classmates. (= These abilities allow him to work together well with our classmates.) voice /vɔɪs/ vt. 表达 课本原句：David is also confident and never afraid to voice his ideas. 考点一 一词多义：名词与动词 说明："voice"作名词表���"嗓音，声音"，作动词表示"表达，吐露"。 例句：She has a beautiful voice and she always voices her opinions confidently. 考点二 固定搭配：voice one's opinion/ideas 说明："voice one's opinion/ideas"表示"表达某人的意见/想法"。 例句：In the meeting, everyone was encouraged to voice their opinions. 考点三 辨析：voice vs express 说明："voice"特指用语言表达（意见/感受），而"express"范围更广，可指用任何方式表达。 例句：He voiced his concerns and expressed his feelings through a letter. 考点四 固定搭配：in a low/loud voice 说明："in a ... voice"表示"用……的声音"，如 in a low voice（低声地）、in a loud voice（大声地）。 例句：He spoke in a low voice, so I could barely hear his words. 考点五 辨析：voice vs sound vs noise 说明："voice"专指人的嗓音，"sound"泛指任何声音，"noise"多指噪音; 大的声音。 例句：The sound of her voice was drowned out by the noise outside. 考点六 同义转换：voice one’s ideas = express one’s ideas / share one’s opinions/put forward 说明：中考中 voice 作动词表示“表达”时，可与 express / share / 进行同义转换。如 voice his ideas 可转换为 express his ideas / share his opinions / put forward his ideas。 例句：David is never afraid to voice his ideas. (= David is never afraid to express his ideas.) consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ vt.&vi. 仔细考虑 课本原句：I hope that you consider him for this position. 考点一 固定搭配：consider doing sth 说明："consider"后接动名词作宾语。consider doing sth 表示"考虑做某事"。 例句：Have you considered studying abroad? 考点二 consider sb/sth + (as) + n./adj. 说明："consider sb/sth (to be) + n./adj."表示"认为某人/某物是……"。 例句：We all consider him to be a great leader. 考点三 词形转换 说明："consider"的名词形式是"consideration"（考虑），形容词是"considerate"（体贴的）、"considerable"（相当多的）。 例句：He is a considerate person and always takes others' feelings into consideration. 考点四 辨析：consider vs regard 说明："consider"侧重经过思考后的看法，而"regard"侧重态度/看待方式。 例句：I consider him a friend, and I regard him with great respect. 考点五 固定搭配：take ... into consideration 说明："take ... into consideration"表示"把……考虑在内"。 例句：When choosing a job, you should take your personality into consideration. 考点六 同义转换：consider doing = think about doing / think of doing 说明：中考中 consider 表示“考虑”时，可与 think about / think of 进行同义转换。如 consider him for this position 可转换为 think about him for this position / think of him for this position。 例句：I hope that you consider him for this position. (= I hope that you think about him for this position.) - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $