Unit 4 Space Exploration-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（人教版）

Unit 4 Space Exploration 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词不定式作后置定语 ★同步语法二：动词不定式作目的状语 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 动词不定式(todo)作后置定语时，放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，表示尚未发生的动作、被 修饰名词的功能或用途，或与被修饰名词之间的动宾关系。它是高考语法填空、短文改错和写 作中的高频考点，常与定语从句进行同义转换。 (二)核心用法与位置 动词不定式作定语通常只能后置，且分为三种语义类型，具体如下： 语义类型 含义 例句 说明 动作尚未发 The meeting to be 相当于定语从句：which is to ①表“将要发生” 生，计划或打 held tomorrow is be held which will be 算去做 important. held 说明名词的用 I need a knife to cut 相当于定语从句：which can ②表“功能用途” 途或目的 the bread. be used to cut 被修饰名词是 注意：若不定式为不及物动 He has a lot of work to ③表“动宾关系” 不定式动作的 词，需加相应介词（如apen do. 逻辑宾语 to write with) 单个不定式或不定式短语一律后置，不可前置。 例句：a to be discussed question X→a question to be discussed 被修饰名词前常有the first/the last/the only/the next/the best等序数 词或限定词。 ②例句：She is always the first to arrive and the last to leave, (三)核心含义区分（与定语从句的转换） 不定式形式 含义 定语从句转换 高考考点 主动式todo 表主动或功能 which/who do 常见于“…要做的事” 被动式tobe which/that are to be 常考被动式与主动式的 表被动且将来 done done 选择 完成式to have 表动作已完成（较少 which/that have done 通常用于特定句型 done 用) 1.当名词被the first/the last/the only修饰时，即使动作是被动含义，也常用主动不 定式 ⑧例句：He is the first to win the prize.(主动表被动含义：被奖励的人) (四)动词不定式作定语Vs现在分词作定语Vs过去分词作定语（高考必考点） 形式 含义 时间关系 例句 to do 未发生/功能 将来 the bridge to be built next year doing 主动进行 正在 the bridge being built now done 被动完成 过去 the bridge built last year (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.不定式被动式to be done作定语表示“即将被..” 例句：The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is about climate change. 2名词与不定式之间存在动宾关系时，注意及物与不及物 Q例句：I have a nice room to live in. 3.序数词/the only/the last+名词+不定式 例句：She was the first person to think of the idea. 4.不定式与定语从句的转换 O例句：I have nothing to say. 5.不定式的逻辑主语有时由for sb./ofsb.引出 ⑨例句：lt's a good chance for us to learn. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1 the project on time,the staff worked day and night. A.Finishing B.To finish C.Finished D.Having finished 2.The reason he was late for class was that he got stuck in a traffic jam. A.because B.which C.why D.that 3.With so many problems _the manager felt very anxious. A.solved B.to solve C.solving D.being solved 4.It is essential that every student the school rules. A.obey B.obeys C.will obey D.obeyed 5.The teacher asked us noise in class. A.don't make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6. the assignment,he decided to go to the cinema. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish 7.The scientist the experiment will give us a lecture tomorrow. A.in charge of B.in the charge of C.charged with D.charging 8. is known to us,the Earth moves around the Sun. A.It B.As C.What D.That 9.He never expected that the examination would be so difficult, ? A.did he B.wouldn't it C.would it D.didn't he 10.The number of people from the earthquake has reached 1000. A.suffering B.suffered C.suffer D.to suffer (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式（不定式或分词）填空。 1.The only thing (do)now is to calm down and wait 2.She has a lot of clothes (wash)this weekend 3.The bridge(build)last century is now under repair. 4.The task (complete)in two days is quite challenging 5.I bought a new pen (write)with. 6.He is always the first (arrive)and the last (leave). 7.The film (show)next Friday has already attracted millions of viewers. 8.The workers (hire)last month have already adapted to the new environment. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。 As a volunteer for an international organization,I have many tasks 1. (handle).Last week,I received a letter 2.(write)in English,but the content was hard 3. (understand).The first thing 4. (do)was to find a dictionary 5.(look)up unknown words.Fortunately,a colleague gave me a list of vocabulary 6. (memorize)every day. There is also a project 7.(complete)by next month.It involves building a school for the local children.The school 8._(construct)now is expected to be finished on time.The teachers 9.(hire)soon will come from different countries.I am the only person 10. (know)the whole plan,so I feel a lot of pressure.However,the problems 11.(solve)at present are manageable. With the support from the community,there is nothing 12. (worry）about. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.A;5.C;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.D (二)用所 给词的适当 1.to do 2.to wash 3.built 4.to be completed 5.to write 6.to 形式填空 arrive to leave 7.to be shown 8.hired (三)篇章 1.to handle 2.written 3.to understand 4.to do 5.to look 6.to 语法填空 memorize 7.to be completed 8.being constructed 9.to be hired; 10.to know 11.to be solved 12.to worry 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 动词不定式(todo)作目的状语，说明谓语动作发生的目的或意图，意为“为了..”。 它是高考英语语法填空、短文改错、写作中表达目的的核心结构。常见形式包括： 简单形式：todo 强调形式：in order to do(可置于句首或句尾) 限制形式：so as to do(不能置于句首，只用于句中或句尾) 否定形式：not to do/in order not to do/so as not to do (二) 核心用法与位置 位置 结构形式 例句 说明 句首常用逗号隔开； 句首（强 To do In order to To improve oral English, so as to不能用于句 调目的) do,+主句 he practices every day. 首 主句+todo/in 句中或句 She went to the library to 句尾通常不加逗号， order to do /so as 尾 borrow some books 目的意义自然 to do 考点提示： 高考常考不定式与for+doing的区别：for doing表示用途（用途、功能），to do表示目的（意图、目标）。 例：a knife for cutting(用来t切东西的刀)≠I use a knife to cut wood(我 为了切木头而用刀) 不定式作目的状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。 (三) 核心含义区分：不定式作目的状语Vs其他状语 语法结构 表达含义 典型例句 区别要点 目的（为了做某 动作有明确意 不定式(todo) He stopped to check the map 事) 他停下来为了看地图。 图 现在分词 伴随/方式（一 He stopped checking the 动作同时进行 (doing) 边..一边) map.他停止看地图。 或伴随 所以定式(for 用途/功能（用 a tool for opening bottles开瓶 修饰名词，不 doing) 于) 工具 修饰动词 高考高频易错点： stop to do(停下来去干另一件事)≠stop doing(停止正在干的事) 不定式表目的不可替换成doing(doing在句中不能作目的状语) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.不定式作目的状语与目的从句的互换 He got up early to catch the early bus He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. (两句同义，目的状语常可改写为so that/in order that引导的目的从句) 2.否定形式的正确使用 误：He left early to not miss the train 正：He left early not to miss the train. (todo的否定式为not to do,never to do也可用) 3.不定式逻辑主语的一致性 To learn English well,a lot of practice is needed. To learn English well,you need a lot of practice. (不定式的逻辑主语必须是主句主语，否则应用for sb.todo) 4.in order to/so as to的强调与限制 In order to pass the exam,she stayed up late She stayed up late so as to finish the task. (so as to不能放在句首，in order to可以；两者后都不可接从句) 5.不定式作目的状语时的非谓语形式选择 目的状语只能用不定式，不可用现在分词或过去分词。 例：He came here to see you.(不可说seeing you) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共6小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. more about the city,she decided to take a guided tour. A.Learn B.To learn C.Learning D.Learned 2.The teacher raised her voice the whole class hear her clearly. A.so that B.in order to C.so as to D.to make 3.He ran all the way to the station the last train. A.to not miss B.not to miss C.not missing D.not missed 4.-Why did you stay up so late? the report before the deadline. A.Finish B.To finish C.Finishing D.Finished 5.Many tourists come to this small town the famous ancient bridge. A.seeing B.to see C.saw D.seen 6. ensure the safety of the passengers,the driver examined the bus carefully before starting. A.So as to B.In order to C.So that D.For (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（共5小题） 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式（不定式）填空。 1.She went to the market (buy)some fresh vegetables. 2.He spoke louder (make)himself heard by everyone. 3.We must take action now (prevent)the environment from getting worse. 4.The scientist traveled to the remote area (study)the rare species. 5. (improve)his listening skills,he listens to BBC news every day. (三)完成句子（共5小题） 根据中文提示，用不定式结构完成句子（每空一词或短语，写在下面横线上）。 1.为了通过期未考试，他每天复习到深夜。 the final exam,he reviews until late every night. 2.政府正在修建一条新公路以便缓解交通拥堵。 The government is building a new highway the traffic jam. 3.她提前完成了工作，为的是能早点儿回家。 She finished her work ahead of time go home earlier. 4我们应多读书，不是为了消遣，而是为了增长见识。 We should read more, entertainment,but knowledge. 5.她举起手来回答问题。 She raised her hand the question. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.D;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.B (二)用所 给词的适当 1.to buy 2.to make 3.to prevent 4.to study 5.To improve 形式填空 (三)完成 1.To pass In order to pass/So as to pass 2.to relieve in order to 句子 relieve so as to relieve 3.in order to so as to to 4.not for to gain 5.to answer in order to answer /so as to answer