Unit 5 Music-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（人教版）

Unit 5 Music 语法专项精讲精练 章 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：情态动词表推测 ☆同步语法二：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的对比应用 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 情态动词表推测是高考英语核心考点之一，用于表达说话人对某一事件或状态基于证据、经验 或逻辑作出的可能性判断。其核心在于根据确信程度和时间维度选择恰当的情态动词与动词形 式，是语法填空、完形填空和写作中高频考查内容。 (二)核心用法与句式结构 情态动词耒推测可根据推测的时态分为三大类：对现在的推测、对过去的推测、对捋来的推 测。不同时态下动词形式不同，具体如下： 推测时态 情态动词+动词 含义 例句 形式 must/may/ He must be in the library. 推测此刻的状态 对现在（一般现 might could 定在图书馆)She may be 或正在进行的动 在/进行) do/be 作 waiting for us.(她可能在等我 doing 们。) 推测过去发生的 对过去（一般过 must may The ground is wet;it must might could 动作或存在的状 去/完成) have rained last night.(地是湿 have done 态 的，昨晚一定下雨了。） 推测将来可能发 对将来 may might 生的事情（不用 The meeting may be could do 于must) postponed,(会议可能会推迟。) ★关键区别：情态动词本身表示推测的确信程度，而动词形式 (do/be doing/have done)表示推测的时间参照。 (三)情态动词表推测的确信程度（高考必考） 情态动词 确信程度 中文对应 例句 几乎100% 一定、肯 He must be over fifty.(他一定超 must (非常确信) 定 过50岁了。) can't/ That can't be true,(那不可能是 几乎100%否定 不可能 couldn't 真的。) 可能、也 She may know the answer. may 50%~70%可能 许 可能知道答案。) 30%-50%可能（语气 或许、说 He could be at home now.(他现 might could 更弱) 不定 在或许在家。) (四)核心用法详解 l.对现在的推测(must/may/might/could/can't+do/be doing) must do表示对现在状态的肯定推测，语气强烈 O例句：You must be tired after such a long journey. may/might/could do表示对现在状态的可能性推测，语气逐级减弱 O例句：He may/might/could be the person we are looking for.. can'tdo表示对现在状态的否定推测，语气强烈 O例句：She can't be serious;.she's laughing must/may/might/could/can't be doing表示对正在进行的动作的推测 O例句：They must be having a meeting right now, √高考易混点：must表推测仅用于肯定句；can't表推测仅用于否定句；may/might/ could可用于肯定句和否定句（但否定时用may not/might not/could not表示"可能 不“)。 2.对过去的推测(must/may/might/could/can't+have done) must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，语气最强 ②例句：I must have left my key in the office. may/might/could have done表示对过去情况的可能性推测，语气较弱 O例句：She might have missed the bus. can't/couldn't have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，语气强烈 9例句：He can't have finished the work in such a short time ★易错提示：could have done还可表示"本来能够做而没做”，表遗憾或责备，不属于推测 用法，注意语境区分： I could have passed the exam,but I didn't study hard. 3.对将来的推测(may/might/could+do,不用must) may/might/could do表示对未来可能性的推测 ⑨例句：The weather may turn cold tomorrow. g例句：Ne might go hiking this weekend if it doesn't rain. 否定期望：may not/might not表示"可能不" ⑧例句：The plan may not be approved. ☆注意：ust一般不用于推测将来，因为将来事件尚未确定；表示”一定"的将来推测常 用"be sure to/be bound to"代替。 例句：He is bound to succeed. (五)情态动词表推测V5情态动词表其他含义（高考高频区分） 情态动词 表推测（语气+时间） 表其他含义（能力、义务、允许等） can ①否定cant表“不可能” ①表能力：I can swim, must ①肯定句表“一定” ①表义务：You must obey the rules may ①肯定句表“可能” ①表允许：May I come in? ①表“可能”（比may弱）② ①表过去能力(=was able to)②表 could could have done表推测 委婉请求：Could you help me? might ①表“或许” ①表委婉请求（比may更客气） ★解题技巧：判断情态动词是表推测还是表其他含义，主要看上下文逻辑。如果句子描述的是 基于证据的推理判断，则表推测；如果描述的是规则、能力、请求等，则表其他含义。 (六)高考高频考点总结 I.must have done与can't have done的对照推理 例句：He must have seen the film because he knows all the details./He can't have seen the film;he's just guessing 2.may/might/could+have done在否定句中的微妙差异 may not have done:可能没做（不太确定） can't have done:不可能做（非常确定） 例句：She may not have received the email.(她可能没收到邮件。)/She can't have received the email;I just sent it.(她不可能收到了邮件，我刚发的。) 3.表推测的must与表义务的must 表义务：You must finish your homework before9p.m.(必须) 表推测：You must be hungry after the long walk.(一定) 语境判断：表推测时，主语往往是人或事物，且常伴随推理依据。 4.情态动词+be doing表对正在进行动作的推测 例句：At8p.m.,he must be studying in the library..(晚上8点，他一定正在图书馆 学习) 二、专项练习 （一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The car is covered with dust.It in the garage for months. A.must have been left B.can have been left C.must be left D.could leave 2.-Someone is knocking at the door.Who it be?-It be Tom.He said he would come at 7 p.m. A.can;can B.might;must C.could;must D.must;could 3.You careful enough!The glass vase is broken. A.can't be B.mustn't have been C.couldn't have been D.might not be 4.The experiment failed again.We _something wrong in the procedure. A.must do B.must have done C.could do D.should have done 5.He looks pale.He ill for a long time. A.may be B.must be C.might have D.could have been been 6.I can't find my keys.I them in the office. A.must leave B.might leave C.might have left D.must have been left 7.-Why didn't he show up at the meeting?-I'm not sure.He the invitation. A.must have forgotten B.may have forgotten C.can't have forgotten D.should have forgotten 8.The ground is as dry as a bone.It all night. A.must rain B.can't have rained C.might have rained D.must have rained 9.She the exam;she hasn't prepared at all. A.can't pass B.can't have passed C.may not pass D.mustn't have passed 10.-I saw a man run into the building.-That be our new neighbor;he told me he would move in today. A.can B.must C.might D.could (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，使用“情态动词+动词适当形式”填空。每个空格填入一个完整的短语（情态动 词+动词形式)。 1.He looks exhausted.He (work)for hours 2.The phone rang but I didn't answer it.It (be)my mother. 3.She is so late.She (get)stuck in the traffic jam. 4.Don't worry.The package (arrive)by tomorrow morning. 5.You (finish)your homework already;you only started 10 minutes ago! 6.I'm not sure,but the teacher (give)us a test next week 7.The scientist is confident.The experiment (succeed)finally. 8.Why is the door still locked?He (leave)yet. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的情态动词及括号内所给动词的正确形式。每个空格写一个 完整的短语。 One night,I heard a strange noise from the garden.I looked out of the window but saw nothing.It 1. (be)just a cat,I thought.But the next morning,I found the flowers in the garden were all broken.Someone 2. (come) into the garden last night. I called my neighbor Mr.Brown,who knows a lot about gardening.He said,"It 3 (be)a large animal,like a deer or a dog.But there are no forests nearby,so it 4. (be)a deer.It 5. (be)a stray dog."I agreed with him.However,later I found some footprints that looked like human shoes.So it 6. (be)a person after all! I decided to set up a camera.The next morning,I checked the footage.Guess what?I saw a boy sneaking into the garden.He 7. (try)to hide something under a bush.Curious,I went outside and found a lost football.The boy (play)football in the garden without permission.He 9. (be)afraid to admit it. Now I understand:the strange noise 10. (make)by the boy accidentally.He 11. (be)careful next time.I decided not to punish him; instead,I gave the ball back to him.He 12 (be)grateful for my kindness. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.C;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 1.must have been working 2.might have been 3.might have got 给词的适当 4.may arrive might arrive 5.can't have finished 6.may give might 形式填空 give 7.must succeed 8.might not have left 1.might have been 2.must have come 3.could have been 4.can't (三)篇章 have been 5.might have been 6.must have been 7.might have 语法填空 been trying 8.must have been playing 9.might have been 10.must have been made 11.must be 12.must be 章 语法精讲精练二 (一）基本定义 限定性定语从句：对先行词起限定、识别作用，去掉后句意不完整或发生改变。例句： The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.(去掉从句后，句子变成“The book is interesting.”,但不知道是哪本书，信息缺失。)非限定性定语从句：对先行词 起补充说明作用，去掉后句子主干依然完整，通常用逗号与主句隔开。例句：My brother,who is a doctor,lives in Beijing..(去掉从句后，“My brother lives in Beijing.”依然成立。)） (（二)核心对比 对比项 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 目 意义作 用 不可缺少的限定，若去掉则句意模糊 附加说明，去掉后句意仍完整 形式标 志 与先行词之间无逗号 与先行词之间必须用逗号隔开 关系词 使用 可用that;作宾语时可省略 不可用that;关系词不可省略 关系词 作宾语时关系代词可省略（如whom, 任何情况下关系词均不可省略 省略 which,that) 先行词 通常为名词或代词 可以是名词、代词，也可以是整个主句 类型 翻译方 式 常译为“的"字结构，前置 常译为并列句(“，它/他..”) 常见关 that,which,who,whom,whose which,who,whom,whose,when, 系词 when,where,why where,as(较特殊) (三)关系词选用细析（高考必考点） l.关系代词that与which的区别： 限定性从句中：两者均可指物，但下列情况只能用that:先行词被序数词、最高级 修饰时；先行词为不定代词(all,everything,nothing,.little,much等)；先行词 既有人又有物时。 非限定性从句中：只能用which,不能用that。 2.which与as引导非限定性定语从句： which引导的从句通常位于主句之后，只能指代前文一个名词或整句，表示结果、 补充等。例：He failed the exam,which made his parents angry.(which指 代前面整件事) s引导的从句位置灵活（可位于句首、句中、句未），常表示“正如.”。例：As is known to all,.the earth moves around the sun.(as指代后面整句话) 3.关系副词when/where/why的使用： 关系副词在限定性从句中可以转换为“介词+which”;在非限定性从句中也一样，但 介词选择需根据先行词搭配。 (四)典型易错对比（表格） 例句 类型 说明 The students who are from Class 1 are 限定 只有一班的学生在玩，其他班 playing basketball, 性 的不在玩 The students,who are from Class 1,are 非限 所有学生都是一班的，补充说 playing basketball. 定性 明他们的班级 限定 暗示我有多个兄弟，这个在上 I have a brother who works in Shanghai. 性 海工作 非限 我只有一个兄弟，他在上海工 I have a brother,who works in Shanghai. 定性 作（补充信息） (五)高考高频考点总结（★） 1逗号决定从句类型：无逗号为限定性，有逗号为非限定性。 2.关系词省略规则：限定性中作宾语可省，非限定中不可省。 3.that与which的选择：非限定性必须用which;限定性中注意只能用that的情况。 4.as与which的辨析：as有“正如"含义，可前置；which多表结果，不能前置。 5.先行词为“人"时：非限定性中用who/whom,不能用that。 6.关系副词与“介词+which"的互换：when=in/on/during which;where=in/at which why for whicho 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 1.The factory we visited last week is famous for its green technology. A.which B.where C.what D.in which 2.My cousin, parents are both teachers,has won the first prize in the competition. A.who B.whose C.which D.that 3.The reason he was absent from the meeting is still unknown. A.why B.which C.that D.for that 4.He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science. A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.I think which is D.of which I think it is 5.All the books are borrowed from the library must be returned before Friday. A.that B.which C.what D.as 6.The old man, we met in the park yesterday,is a retired professor. A.that B.whom C.which D.whose 7. is often the case,the harder you work,the more you will achieve. A.Which B.It C.As D.That 8.The school I studied for six years is now a museum. A.in which B.where C.that D.both A and B (二)用适当的关系词填空(6小题，每空一词) 根据句意和结构，在横线上填入合适的关系代词或关系副词（可能包含介词）。 1.The way_ he solved the problem was very creative. 2.I still remember the day we first met each other. 3.This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 4.The young writer, works have been translated into many languages,will give a talk tomorrow. 5.He came back home late, made his mother very worried. 6.The village I was born has changed a lot. (三)句子改写(4小题) 将下列每对句子合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，注意区分限定性与非限定性。 l.The woman is a famous singer..She is wearing a red dress.(限定性) 2.The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.It attracts millions of tourists every year..(非限定性) 3.I have a new smartphone.Its screen was broken last week.(限定性) 4.The company was founded in 2000.Its products are sold all over the world. (非限定性) 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.C;8.D 选择 (二)用适 当的关系词 1.that/in which/不填；2.when/on which;3.that;4.whose;5. which 6.where/in which 填空 1.The woman who is wearing a red dress is a famous singer.2. (三)句子 The Great Wall,which attracts millions of tourists every year,is one 改写 of the wonders of the world.3.I have a new smartphone whose screen was broken last week.;4.The company,whose products are sold all over the world,was founded in 2000.