Welcome Unit-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（人教版）

Welcome Unit 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：英语句子成分 ★同步语法二：英语的基本句型结构 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 英语句子成分是构成句子的基本功能单位，包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、 宾语补足语等。理解句子成分是分析长难句、解决语法填空和短文改错的基础。高考中常通过 分析句子结构来判定词性、时态、非谓语动词形式以及从句引导词。 (二)核心成分与功能（分类详表） 成分名称 定义与功能 通常由什么充当 例句（成分标注） 名词、代词、动名 To learn English is 主语 动作的执行者或描述对象 词、不定式、从句 important.(主语：不定 式短语) 动词（时态、语 She has been 谓语 表示主语的动作或状态 态、情态等) studying for three hours 宾语 名词、代词、动名 动作的承受者 I enjoy reading novels. 词、不定式、从句 (动名词作宾语) 说明主语的身份、特征或 名词、形容词、介 表语 The problem is how to 状态（位于系动词后） 词短语、从句 solve it.(表语从句) 定语 修饰名词或代词，表示“什 形容词、名词、介 The girl sitting there is 么样的” 词短语、分词、从 my sister.(现在分词短语 句 作后置定语) 修饰动词、形容词、副词 副词、介词短语、 Given more time,we 状语 或整个句子，表示时间、 不定式、分词、从 could finish the work. 地点、原因、方式、程 度、条件、让步等 句 (过去分词作条件状语) 名词、形容词、不 补充说明宾语的动作或状 宾语补足语 定式、分词、介词 The news made me 态 excited.(形容词作宾补) 短语 (三)重点区分（高考必考易混点） 1.定语Vs状语 定语：修饰名词，回答“什么样的” g例句：The man standing over there is my teacher.(定语修饰man) 状语：修饰动词/句子，回答”何时、何地、因何、如何” O例句：Standing over there,the man waved to me.(状语表"站在那儿"这个伴 随动作) 2.宾语补足语Vs双宾语 双宾语：动词后接两个宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），两者无逻辑主谓关系 Q例句：I gave him a book,(him是间接宾语，a book是直接宾语) 宾语补足语：宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即“宾语是宾补动作的执行者或描述对 象” O例句：I made him cry.(him是宾语，cry是宾语补足语，him与cry有主谓关系： “他哭") 3.主语与表语的位置关系 主语通常在前，表语在系动词后。但如果句子是倒装结构或强调句型，需分析成分。 O例句：What he wants is a new computer.(what从句作主语，anew computert作表语) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.根据句子成分判断动词形式（谓语Vs非谓语） 若句中已有谓语动词，则空白处用非谓语(doing/done/to do)作定语、状语或宾补 Q例句：The bridge built last year is500 meters long.(built作后置定语，表被动/ 完成) 2.识别主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的引导词 O例句：Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.(whetherl导 主语从句) 3.区分现在分词短语作定语与状语 作定语：紧跟在被修饰名词之后 ②例句：The students playing basketball are from Class 1. 作状语：常位于句首或句末，用逗号隔开 O例句：Playing basketball,,the students had a lot of fun,. 4.双重宾语与宾语补足语的转换 有些动词（如consider,think,make,ind)后常接"宾语+宾补” O例句：I find the problem difficult.(形容词difficult作宾补) 二、专项练习 （一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. the project on time,the staff worked day and night. A.Finishing B.To finish C.Finished D.Having finished 2.The reason he was late for class was that he got stuck in a traffic jam. A.because B.which C.why D.that 3.With so many problems_ the manager felt very anxious. A.solved B.to solve C.solving D.being solved 4.It is essential that every student the school rules A.obey B.obeys C.will obey D.obeyed 5.The teacher asked us noise in class. A.don't make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.the assignment,he decided to go to the cinema. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish 7.The scientist the experiment will give us a lecture tomorrow. A.in charge of B.in the charge of C.charged with D.charging 8. is known to us,the Earth moves around the Sun. A.It B.As C.What D.That 9.He never expected that the examination would be so difficult, A.did he B.wouldn't it C.would it D.didn't he 10.The number of people from the earthquake has reached 1000 A.suffering B.suffered C.suffer D.to suffer (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意谓语或非谓语、成分需求）。 1.The (frustrate)look on his face suggested that he had failed the test. 2.1 can't imagine (live)in such a noisy place. 3.The castle (date)back to the 12th century is well preserved. 4.The problem (discuss)now is about environmental protection. 5.His (come)late made the teacher angry. 6.The boy (name)after his grandfather is very clever. 7.She was seen (enter)the library with a book. 8.The (break)glass should be cleaned up immediately. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给词的正确形式。 Last week,I participated in a volunteer activity 1. (organize)by the local community.The purpose was 2. (help)clean up the park.We were divided into three groups,each group 3. (take)charge of a different area The task 4.(assign)to my group was to pick up trash along the riverbank. There were many plastic bottles 5. (throw)away by careless visitors.While 6. (work),we found a small,injured bird.It seemed 7. (lose)its way and looked weak.We immediately stopped 8._(clean)and called an animal rescue center. A volunteer 9.(call)Mr.Wang came and took the bird away.He said the bird would be taken good care of.After that,we continued with our work.By the end of the day,the park looked much 10. (tidy)than before.The local people 11. (impress)by our efforts gave us a big thumbs-up.It was truly a day 12. (remember). 三、参考答案 (一)单项选 择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.A;5.B6.C;7.A;8.B;9.A;10.A (二)用所给 词的适当形式 1.frustrated 2.living 3.dating 4.being discussed 5.coming; 填空 6.named 7.enter to enter 8.broken (三)篇章语 1.organized 2.to help 3.taking 4.assigned 5.thrown 6.working 7.to have lost;8.cleaning 9.called 10.tidier 11.impressed 12.to 法填空 remember 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 英语的句子由主语、谓语、宾语、补语、表语等核心成分按固定顺序构成。基本句型是理 解一切复杂句（并列句、复合句）的基础，也是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中保证句 子正确性的关键。掌握五大基本句型，能帮你快速分析长难句、准确使用动词形式。 (二) 五大基本句型详解 序号 句型名称 结构公式 例句 说明 谓语为不及物动 1 主谓结构 S+V (vi.) The sun rises. 词，动作不涉及 宾语。 谓语为及物动 S+V(t.)+ 词，后接一个宾 2 主谓宾结构 I love English. 语，宾语是动作 的承受者。 间接宾语（人） 在前，直接宾语 S+V+10+ She gave me a (物)在后。动 3 主谓双宾结构 DO gift. 词常为give, send,offer, teach等。 宾语补足语补充 说明宾语的状态 We make the S+V+O+ 或动作。常见动 4 主谓宾补结构 classroom oc clean. 词：make, find,keep, call,see等。 系动词(be, look,sound, S +V (link.v.) The story become等)连 5 主系表结构 sounds +P 接主语和表语， interesting. 表语说明主语的 性质、状态。 食补充：There be句型（特殊句型） 结构：There+be+主语+地点/时间状语 例句：There are many students in the classroom. 说明：表示“存在”，be动词与最近的主语保持一致。 (三)核心含义区分 1.双宾语Vs宾补：双宾语中两个名词都是动词的承受对象（如“给了礼物”和“给了 谁“)；宾补是对宾语的补充，去掉补语句子不完整或意思改变。 双宾：I told him a story.(him和story都是told的宾语) 宾补：I told him to leave.(him是宾语，to leave补充说明him的动作) 2.系动词Vs及物动词：系动词后接表语（形容词/名词），不能用副词；及物动词后接宾 语（名词/代词）。 系动词：She looks happy.(happy是表语) 及物动词：She looks at the picture.(at the picture是介词短语作状语，句型 仍是S+V+O?注意：look at是短语动词，视为及物，但严格分析时短语动词整体 作谓语) (四)基本句型与复杂句的关联（高考必考点） ⑨定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句都是在基本句型的基础上扩展出来的。例如： 主谓宾+定语从句：I met the student who won the contest.(主谓宾结构， who won the contest修饰student) 主系表+主语从句：What he said is true.(What he said是主语从句，整体作 主语) ©高考常考在语法填空中根据基本句型判断动词的及物性（是否需加宾语），从而确 定谓语动词形式或非谓语用法。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.识别句子成分，判断句型→影响动词形式（谓语/非谓语） 例：he problem (solve)yesterday was difficult. (根据句子结构：主语problem+谓语？空处位于名词后且已有谓语was,故需 非谓语。且problem是solve的承受者，用过去分词solved→后置定语，但整句 仍是主系表句型。) 2双宾语与宾补的区分影响不定式是否带t0 例：The boss made the workers (work)ten hours. (make在宾补结构中接不带to的不定式，故填work。) 3.主系表结构中表语与宾语的混淆→影响词性选择 例：The cake tastes (wel‖l/good).(系动词后应用形容词good) 4.There be句型的主谓一致→be动词数与最近主语一致 例：There (be)a pen and two books on the desk.is) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The man the desk is our new teacher. A.standing at B.stands at C.stood at D.to stand at 2.She offered the homeless children A.some warm clothes B.some clothes warm C.warm some clothes D. clothes warm some 3.The news made me A.surprising B.surprised C.surprise D.to surprise 4. is a fact that the earth moves around the sun. A.That B.This C.It D.What 5.The teacher told the students noise in class. A.not make B.not to make C.don't make D.to not make 6.There a number of books in the library. A.is B.are C.has D.have 7.The girl red is my sister. A.in B.on C.with D.of 8.I find the math problem A.difficulty B.difficult C.difficulty to solve D.to solve difficulty 9.The accident last night caused many deaths. A.happened B.happening C.to happen D.had happened 10.We must keep our classroom every day. A.cleaning B.cleaned C.to clean D.clean (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意句型结构）。 1.The teacher made the students(read)the text aloud. 2.I saw an old man (lie)on the ground when I passed. 3.The news (excite)everyone at the meeting yesterday. 4.He asked me(not go)out alone at night. 5. (be)there any milk in the fridge? 6.The bridge (build)in 2020 is very strong. 7. (listen)to music is my favorite hobby. 8.She looks (beauty)in that dress. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式，或根据上下文填入恰当的词 (每空一词)。 Last summer,our school 1. (organize)a volunteer activity.We 2. (go)to a small village and helped the local people.The villagers 3 (welcome)us warmly.They 4.(give)us some fresh vegetables and fruits.One old man 5.(call)Uncle Li taught us how 6.(grow)rice.He 7.(make)us 8. (try）farming by ourselves.It 9.(be)really tough but enjoyable.We also 10._ (find)many children 11.(play)by the river.To ensure their safety,we 12. (warn)them not to go near the water. 三、参考答案 (一)单项选 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.C5.B;6.B;7.A8.B;9.A;10.D 择 (二)用所给 1.read 2.lying 3.excited 4.not to go 5.Is 6.built ;7. 词的适当形式 填空 Listening 8.beautiful (三)篇章语 1.organized 2.went ;3.welcomed 4.gave 5.called 6. 法填空 to grow;;7.made 8.try 9.was 10.found ;11.playing ;12.warned