Unit 2 School Life-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（冀教版）

Unit 2 School Life 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：非限定性定语从句综合 ★同步语法二：时态综合 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 非限定性定语从句（又称非限制性定语从句）对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后主句意思仍然 完整。它与主句之间用逗号隔开，关系词不能使用that。掌握其关系词选择及与限定性定语 从句的区分，是高考语法填空、短文改错和写作的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与关系词选择 关系词 指代对象 在从句中 例句 的作用 主语/宾 The book,which was published last year, which 物或整个主句 语/俵语 became a bestseller.He passed the exam which surprised everyone.(指代整个主句) who 人（主格） 主语 My brother,who lives in Beijing,is a doctor. whom 人（宾格） 宾语 The professor,whom we respect deeply, gave a speech. 定语（= 人或物（所有 The writer,whose novels are popular,won whose 格) 某人的/某 an award.The house,whose roof was 物的) damaged,is being repaired. when 时间 时间状语 We'll meet on Monday,when the meeting will be held. 地点 地点状语 They went to the park,where they had a where picnic. 原因（先行词 why 为reason) 原因状语 He explained the reason,why he was late 整个主句（常 As is known to all,the earth moves as 主语/宾语 译作“正如”) around the sun. ★关键规则 1.非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能使用that。 2.which可指代整个主句内容（此时谓语动词用单数），翻译为“这..”。 3.as引导的非限定性定语从句常放在句首或句末，表示"正如."，常见搭配：asis known,as is reported,as we all know等。 (三)限定性Vs非限定性定语从句（高考必考点） 对比项 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 逗号 无逗号 有逗号与主句隔开 作用 明确先行词身份，去掉后句意不完整 补充说明，去掉后句意仍完整 可用that;指人时who/whom/that 关系词 均可 不可用that;指人只用who/whom 翻译 译成“.的” 译成并列句或独立分句，如“，而…” The students who are in red are The students,who are in red, 例句 from Class1.(限定：穿红衣服的学 are from Class1.(补充：所有学生 生) 都穿红衣) 易错点 先行词为专有名词（如人名、地名）时，通常用非限定性定语从句。 误：The Shakespeare that wrote Hamlet was a great playwright.(莎士比亚只有 一个，应为非限定) Shakespeare,who wrote Hamlet,was a great playwright. (四)介词+关系代词（非限定性从句） 当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可将介词提前，构成"介词+which/whom”。注意：介 词不可提前到that前(that不能用于介词后)。 例句 ②例句：He has three friends,two of whom are teachers. 例句：The city,.in which I was born,.has changed a lot. (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.which指代整个主句 ⑧例句：She won the first prize,which made her parents proud. 考点提示：注意从句谓语动词用单数（因为which指代的是事件或事实）。 2.as与which指代主句时的区别 as引导的从句常可置于句首，意为“正如”；which引导的从句只能放在主句后。 ⑧例句：As is often the case,he was late again. g例句：He was late again,which annoyed the teacher. 3.whose的用法（表所属关系） ②例句：The museum,whose collection is world-famous,attracts many tourists. 考点提示：whose既可指人，也可指物，后面接名词。 4.关系副词when/where/why在非限定性从句中的使用 ⊙例句：We visited the factory in2020,when it was newly built. O例句：He went to the hospital,where he met his old friend. 考点提示：若先行词为抽象地点（如situation,point,case),应用where. 5.非限定性定语从句与并列句的转换 原句：He passed the exam,which made his parents happy. 并列句：He passed the exam,and this made his parents happy. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.My sister,you met at the party,is a talented artist. A.that B.which C.whom D.whose 2.The Great Wall, was built over 2,000 years ago,is one of the world wonders A.that B.which C.where D.what 3.He told me the truth, surprised me a lot. A.that B.which C.it D.what 4.The writer, novels are widely read,will give a lecture next week A.who B.which C.whose D.whom 5.We'll put off the picnic until next week, the weather may be better. A.when B.which C.that D.where 6 is known to all,the new policy will take effect next month. A.Which B.As C.That D.What 7.The scientist, we talked about,won the Nobel Prize. A.who B.which C.about whom D.that 8.I have many friends,some of are businessmen. A.them B.which C.whom D.who 9.The old town, I spent my childhood,has become a tourist attraction. A.which B.that C.where D.when 10.The man, car was stolen last night,reported to the police. A.who B.which C.that D.whose (二)用适当的关系词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入恰当的非限定性定语从句的关系词（注意不能用that)。 1.The film, we watched together,was very moving 2.The teacher, students love him,is retiring next month. 3.The project, lasted two years,was finally completed. 4.He arrived at the station at 6 p.m., the train had already left 5.This is the reason, he refused to attend the meeting 6. is often the case,the weather changed suddenly. 7.The city has many historic buildings one of the most famous is the ancient temple. 8.The patient, condition is improving,can leave the hospital soon. (三)篇章语法填空（10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的非限定性定语从句关系词或括号内所给词的适当形式。 A young man named Li Hua,1. (who/which)graduated from a top university,decided to work in a remote village.The village,2. (that/ where)he stayed for two years,has changed greatly.During his time there,he taught children,3. (many of whom/many of which)had never been to school. One day,he received a letter,4. (which as)brought him great joy.The news,5. (that which)he had been recommended for a national award, spread quickly."6. is known to everyone,hard work pays off,"said the villagers,7. (their whose)lives had been influenced by Li Hua. In the end,Li Hua wrote a report,8._ (that which)the local government praised highly.The report,9.(the purpose of which the purpose of that) is to promote education in rural areas,has been adopted as a model.This story, 10 (as which)we all find inspiring,shows the power of dedication. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.C;8.C;9.C;10.D (二)用适 当的关系词 1.which 2.whose 3.which 4.when 5.why 6.As 7.among which 填空 8.whose (三)篇章 1.who 2.where 3.many of whom 4.which 5.which 6.As; 语法填空 7.whose 8.which 9.the purpose of which 10.which 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 时态是英语动词用来表示动作发生时间（现在、过去、将来）和状态（一般、进行、完 成、完成进行)的语法形式。高考英语中，时态综合考查学生根据时间状语、语境逻辑和 主从句关系正确选用动词形式的能力，是语法填空、短文改错和写作中的核心考点。 (二)核心时态一览表 下表列出高中阶段最常考的12种时态，重点关注其构成和基本用法： 构成（以动词 时态名称 work为例) 核心用法 典型时间状语 一般现在 经常性动作、客观真理、现 always,usually,every 时 do/does 在状态 day 一般过去 过去发生的动作或状态（已 yesterday,last week,in did 时 结束) 2010 般将来 will do be going 将来发生的动作或计划 tomorrow,next year, 时 to do soon 现在进行 am/is/are doing 此刻正在进行的动作 时 now,at present,look！ 过去进行 过去某一时刻正在进行的动 at 8 p.m.yesterday, 时 was/were doing 作 when引导的从句 将来进行 将来某一时刻正在进行的动 时 will be doing at this time tomorrow 作 现在完成 过去动作对现在的影响或持 already,yet,since,for have/has done 时 续到现在 时间段 过去完成 过去的过去发生的动作（先 by the time,before, 时 had done 于另一个过去动作) after+过去时间 将来完成 将来某一时刻之前已经完成 by next month,by the 时 will have done 的动作 end of this year 现在完成 have/has been 从过去开始持续到现在，可 all day,recently,since 进行时 doing 能继续下去 last week 过去完成 过去某时之前一直在进行的 用于间接引语或与过去时间 had been doing 进行时 动作 对比 一般过去 从过去角度看将要发生的动 主句为过去时，从句用该时 would do 将来时 作 态 (三)易混淆时态对此（高考必考点） 1.一般过去时Vs现在完成时 一般过去时：动作完全发生在过去，与现在无关。 例：I saw the movie yesterday.(只看过，是否喜欢现在未知) 现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果。 例：I have seen the movie already.(知道内容，现在不想再看) ★关键词区别：yesterday,last..用一般过去时；already,yet,ever,never,.so far 用现在完成时。 2.现在完成时Vs现在完成进行时 现在完成时：侧重结果或完成。 例：I have read the book.(书已读完) 现在完成进行时：侧重动作的持续性或刚刚结束。 例：I have been reading the book all morning.(可能还在读，强调一直持续) ★易错点：表示“一直做某事”且可能继续，用完成进行时；表示数量或结果，用完成 时。 3.过去完成时Vs一般过去时 过去完成时：必须有一个明确的过去时间或动作作为参照点。 例：When I arrived,the bus had already left.(arrived:是过去，leave发生在arrive 之前) 一般过去时：仅表示过去发生的动作，无先后参照。 例：I arrived at8o'clock.(只说明到达时间) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 例：I will call you when he comes.(不用will come) 2.在“It is the first/second..time that."句型中，that从句用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited this city. 3.在“since"引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 例：He has lived here since he moved to the city, 4.在“hardly..when./no sooner..than."句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般 过去时。 例：Hardly had I started when it began to rain. 5.表示“计划、安排"的将来时，常用现在进行时或一般现在时（如列车时刻表）。 例：The train leaves at7:00 tomorrow morning.（一般现在时表安排) 例：I am flying to Beijing tomorrow.(现在进行时表计划) 6过去完成时常用在“by+过去时间"的短语中。 By the end of last year,he had learned 2000 words 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Have you finished your homework?-Not yet.I on it all day. A.worked B.have been C.had worked D.was working working 2.By the time he was ten,he three foreign languages. A.learned B.has learned C.had learned D.was learning 3.The shop at 8 a.m.every day,but it_ now. A.opens;is closed B.is opened;is closing C.opens;closes D.opened;was closed 4.l my keys.I can't find them anywhere. A.lost B.have lost C.was losing D.had lost 5.We for the bus for half an hour when it suddenly started to rain. A.waited B.have waited C.had been waiting D.have been waiting 6.-Where is Tom?-He to the library.He told me hea book. A.has gone;would borrow B.went;borrowed C.had gone;borrowed D.goes;borrows 7.I _a novel when someone knocked at the door. A.read B.was reading C.have read D.had read 8.The latest movie by many people since it came out. A.has been seen B.saw C.is seeing D.was seen 9.He said he me the next day,but he didn't. A.would call B.will call C.called D.has called 10.Look!The children happily in the park. A.play B.are playing C.played D.have played (仁)用所给动词的适当形式填空(10小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确时态形式填空。 1.1 (finish)my homework before my mother came back home. 2.She (teach)English in this school since 2015. 3.They (build)a new hospital here by the end of next year. 4.Listen!Someone (sing)in the next room. 5.-What you (do)at 9:00 last night?-I was watching TV. 6.If it (rain)tomorrow,we will stay at home. 7.I(not see)him for a long time. 8.The train (arrive)at 6:30 a.m.every day. 9.When I came in,she (write)a letter. 10.By the time we got to the cinema,the film (start). (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确时态形式。 Last weekend,I 1. (visit)my grandparents in the countryside.When I 2. (arrive),they 3. (prepare)lunch in the kitchen.My grandfather 4. (cook)fish,and my grandmother 5. (make) dumplings.They 6. (not see)me for nearly two months,so they were very excited. After lunch,I 7. (help)them clean the yard.We 8. (plant) some flowers there last spring,and they 9._ (grow)very well now.My grandfather said he 10 (work)in the garden every morning since he retired. Before I left,I promised I 11. (come)back next month.By that time the new flowers we 12 (plant)today will have bloomed. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.C;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.B;8.A;9.A;10.B (二)用所 1.had finished 2.has taught 3.will have built 4.is singing 5.were; 给动词的适 doing 6.rains 7.haven't seen 8.arrives 9.was writing 10.had 当形式填空 started (三)篇章 1.visited 2.arrived 3.were preparing 4.was cooking 5.was 语法填空 making 6.hadn't seen 7.helped 8.planted 9.are growing 10.has worked 11.would come 12.planted