Unit 5 Natural Disasters（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修一（冀教版）

Unit 5 Natural Disasters 教材全解（二） material aid midnight tornado technique evacuation 。单元核心词汇 prescription seismograph determine copper dragon toad expel typhoon hurricane 。单元同步语法 定语从句与同位语从句辨析 ⊙单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.determine/drt3:mrn/v.测定；決定 词形变化：determination(m.）决心；determined(adj.）坚决的；有决心的 辨析：determine to do sth.(决定做某事，强调动作)；be determined to do sth. (决心做某事，强调状态) 搭配：determine the cause查明原因；determine on/upon sth.决定某事 例句：Scientists worked hard to determine the earthquake's epicenter.. 2.expel/k'spel/v.排出；喷出；开除 词形变化：expulsion(m.)驱逐；开除 辨析：expel多指“排出”气体/液体或“开除”学生；而discharge更正式，用于 “排放”废物 搭配：expel ..from·.从…排出/开除；expel waste gas排放废气 例句：The volcano expelled a huge cloud of ash and smoke. 3.average/evd3/adj.平均的；普通的n.平均水平 词形变化：averagely(adv.)平均地 辨析：average侧重统计上的平均；common强调常见；ordinary强调平凡。 搭配：on average平均；above/below average高于/低于平均水平；an average of ..平均有… 例句：The average temperature in July here is30C. 4.curious/Uais/adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 词形变化：curiosity(n.)好奇心；curiously(adv.)好奇地 搭配：be curious about对…好奇；be curious to do sth.好奇做某事 例句：Children are naturally curious about how things work. 5.counterpart/'kauntapa:t/n.职位(（或作用)相当的人；对应物 词形变化：无常见变形 搭配：one's counterpart in..在…中的对应者；the counterpart of sth.…的 对应物 例句：The Chinese foreign minister met his Russian counterpart for talks, 6.ague/'a:gju:/v.争吵；争论；论证 词形变化：argument(n.)争论；论据；arguable(adj.)可争辩的；arguably(adv.) 可论证地 搭配：argue with sb.about//over sth..与某人争论某事；argue for/,against支持/反 对；argue that..论证说… 例句：Many experts argue that early warning systems save lives. 7.emergency /I'm3:d3nsi/n.突发事件；紧急情况 词形变化：emergent(adj.)紧急的；出现的 搭配：in case of emergency在紧急情况下；emergency evacuation紧急疏散； emergency meeting紧急会议 例句：The government declared a state of emergency after the flood. 8.request'west/n.&v.要求；请求 词形变化：无常见变形 搭配：request sth.from/ofsb.向某人请求某物；request to do sth.请求做某事；at sb.s1 equest应某人的请求 例句：The rescue team requested more medical supplies immediately. 9.negotiate/nI'gaufiert/v.谈判；磋商 词形变化：negotiation(n.)谈判；negotiator(m.）谈判者 搭配：negotiate with sb.about/over sth.与某人谈判某事；negotiate a deal/,treaty谈 判达成协议/条约 例句：The two sides are negotiating a ceasefire agreement.. 10.authority/o:0 prati/n.当局；权力；权威 词形变化：authoritative(adj.)权威的；authorize(w.)授权 辨析：authority常作复数authorities表示“当局”；power更侧重“权力”本身 搭配：local authorities地方当局；have authority over对…有管辖权；in authority 掌权 The local authorities ordered an immediate evacuation of the coastal areas. 1l.technique/tek'ni:k/n.技术；技能 词形变化：technical(adj.)技术的；technician(n.)技术人员 辨析：technique指具体方法或技能；technology指科学技术总称。 搭配：master a technique掌握一项技术；advanced technique先进技术 例句：Using the right breathing technique can help you stay calm. l2.evacuation /I vaekju'en/n.疏散；撤离 词形变化：evacuate(v.)疏散；evacuee(n.)被疏散者 搭配：evacuation order疏散令；emergency evacuation紧急疏散；cany out an evacuation执行疏散 例句：The evacuation of the town was completed before the hurricane hit, 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.The team is (determine)to find the cause of the accident. 2.The factory was fined for (expel)harmful chemicals into the river. 3.0m (average),about 10,000 people visit the museum every day. 4.The little boy is (curious)about the stars in the sky. 5.The U.S.secretary of state held talks with his Chinese (counterpart). 6.The two scientists (argue)about the results of the experiment for hours. 7.In case of (emergent),please follow the evacuation route. 8.The victims (request)food and water from the rescue team. 9.The union is (negotiate)with the management for better pay. 10.The local (authority)ordered all schools to close during the storm. 11.Learning a new (technique)requires a lot of practice. 12.The (evacuate)of the area went smoothly thanks to the early warning. A powerful earthquake struck the region yesterday.The local 1. (authority) immediately issued an 2. (emergent)warning.People were 3. (request)to leave their homes and move to safe places.Scientists tried to 4. (determine)the exact location and strength of the quake.On 5. (average),such earthquakes occur once every ten years.Many residents were 6. (curiosity）about the aftershocks,but they knew to stay away from damaged buildings.The Chinese president spoke with his Japanese 7. (counterpart)to offer help.Relief teams 8. (negotiate)with local leaders to set up shelters.Some rescuers used special 9. (technique)to search for survivors.The 10. (evacuate)process took only two hours,which was praised by experts. 参考答案 1.determined;2.expelling;3.average;4.curious;5.counterpart;6.argued; (一)单句填空 7.emergency;8.requested;9.negotiating;10.authorities;11.technique; 12.evacuation 1.authorities;2.emergency;3.requested;4.determine;5.average;6.curious; (二)短文填空 7.counterpart;8.negotiated;9.techniques;10.evacuation 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 定语从句与同位语从句辨析 定语从句与同位语从句辨析 项目 内容 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。功能相当于形容词，起“定 语”作用，用以说明人或事物的属性、特征。核心功能是修饰、限定先行 词。 项目 内容 1 The news that he told us is exciting. (that在从句中作宾语)②Ilove the present that/which you gave me. 在复合句中，跟在某些抽象名词之后，对其内容进行具体解释说明的从 句。功能相当于一个名词，与先行词是“等同”或“同位”关系。核心功 同位语从句 能是解释、说明抽象名词的具体内容。 ①The news that our team won is exciting.(that不充当成分)②He made a promise that he would help me. 考点通关 定语从句与同位语从句辨析 语法专练一：定语从句(8题) 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1.I love the present you gave me. 2.The girl sister is a famous singer is my classmate. 3.Do you still remember the days we studied together? 4.This is the park I first met my best friend. 5.The man is standing there is our English teacher. 6.Is this the book _you are looking for? 7.I don't know the reason he didn't attend the meeting. 8.The house roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired. 语法专练二：同位语从句(8题) 用适当的连接词填空。 1.The news we won the game spread quickly. 2.I have no idea he will come or not. 3.They are faced with the problem they can raise enough money. 4.The suggestion we should go camping was turned down. 5.The question we should do next hasn't been discussed. 6.He gave us the order all the soldiers must stay where they were. 7.The fact she had lied surprised everyone. 8.There is no doubt we will succeed. 语法综合练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The factory his father works is in the west of the city. A.that B.which C.where D.what 2.The news he was admitted to a key university delighted his family. A.which B.that C.what D.when 3.I will never forget the days we spent together on the farm. A.when B.which C.in which D,what 4.The manager asked a question answer was very strange. A.which B.that C.whose D.what 5.They have made a decision the meeting will be put off. A.which B.that C.what D./ 6.The reason he gave for being late was unbelievable. A.why B.for which C.that D,what 7.The reason he was absent was that his mother was ill. A.why B.which C.that D,what 8.The thought he might fail in the exam worried him a lot. A.which B.that C.what D.when 9.Is this the museum you visited last year? A.where B.which C.in which D.the one 10.She expressed her hope she would visit China again. A.which B.that C.what D.where (二)语法填空(10题) 1.I will never forget the days I spent with my classmates in senior high school 2.They were also the days we faced challenges and grew up together. 3.One particular piece of news still encourages me is the fact 011 class won the first prize in the school sports meeting. 4.At that time,our teacher, name I still remember,gave us a suggestion we should support each other. 5.We followed the suggestion, made us stronger. 6.Another memory is receiving an email our head teacher sent to us. 7.In the email,he expressed his hope all of us would have a bright future. 8.There is no doubt these precious memories will stay with me forever. 参考答案 l.that/which/不填；2.whose;3.when;4.where;5.who/that; 语法专练一 6.that/which/不填；7.why/for which;8.whose 1.that;2.whether;3.how;4.that;5.what;6.that;7.that; 语法专练二 8.that (一)单项选择 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.A;8B;9.B;10.B l.that/which/.不填；2.when;3.that/which;4.that;5.whose； (二)语法填空 6.that;7.which;8.that/which/不填；9.that;10.that 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Cultural Influences on Disaster Management 1.Probably now more than ever,there is an increasing need for international cooperation in disaster management. 结构：There is a need for+名词/代词+(in doing sth.) 中文：现在比以往任何时候都更加需要灾害管理方面的国际合作。 用法：用于表示“需要…”、“有…的必要”。 2.What problems arise if people of different cultures interact in a disaster situation? 结构：What if+从句？ 中文：如果不同文化的人在灾害情境中互动，会出现什么问题？ 用法：用于提出一种假设情况，询问“如果…会发生什么？”。 3.It would take ten minutes if they could cross a river before reaching the base,or two hours if they had to take the long way around. 结构：It takes/took+(sb.)+时间段+to do sth, 中文：如果他们能在到达基地前过河，需要十分钟；如果必须绕远路，则需要两小 时。 用法：表示做某事花费多少时间。 4.especially with a person of authority. 结构：名词+with+名词短语 中文：尤其是一位有权威的人。 用法：th表示“有…的”、“带着…的”。 5.Unfortunately,his request was turned down. 结构：turn down+名词/代词 中文：不幸的是，他的请求被拒绝了。 用法：意为“拒绝（某人或某提议、请求等)”。如果宾语是代词，必须放在u和 dowm之间。 6.If the American had treated the official with more respect,..the negotiation would have followed a different direction. 结构：If从句(had+过去分词)，主句(would/should/could/might+have+过去分 词) 中文：如果那个美国人当时对官员表现出更多尊重，谈判就会朝着不同的方向发展。 用法：虚拟条件句，用于表达与过去事实相反的情况。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.There is a growing (need)for doctors in rural areas. 2. if he forgets to bring the documents?Don't worry,I have copies. 3.It (take)him two hours to finish the report yesterday. 4.The woman (with)a baby in her arms is waiting for the bus. 5.He (turn down)the invitation to the meeting last week. 6.If she (arrive)on time,she would have caught the train. 7.We must improve our ability in (solve)practical problems. 8.The scientists insisted on (cross)the bridge despite the risk. 9.A person (of)honor always keeps his promises. 10.I think we need (have)a serious discussion about the plan. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.目前，对国际合作的需求日益增长。 2. 如果遇到文化冲突，该怎么办？ 3.走这条路需要花费他们大约30分钟。 4.那位穿蓝色衣服的官员是我们的新主管。 5.她拒绝了我的建议，因为她认为这不现实。 6.如果我们当时更有耐心，结果可能会不同。 7.在处理灾难时，相互理解是非常重要的。 8.他是一位具有权威的人，我们应该尊重他。 9.辩论持续了一个小时，最终什么也没决定。 10.良好的沟通在危机管理中起着关键作用。 参考答案 1.need;2.What;3.took;4.with;5.turned down;6.had 练习一：完成句子 arrived;7.solving;8.crossing;9.of;10.to have 练习二：翻译句子 1.At present,there is a growing need for international cooperation.;2.What if we encounter a cultural conflict?;3.It will take them about 30 minutes to take this path.4.The official in blue is our new director.;5.She turned down my suggestion because she thought it was unrealistic.6.If we had been more patient,the result would have been different.;7.Mutual understanding is very important in dealing with disasters.8.He is a person of authority and we should respect him.;9.The debate lasted for an hour,and nothing was decided in the end.; 10.Good communication plays a key role in crisis management. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A When Hurricane Michael struck the Florida Panhandle in 2018,it wasn't just the 160 mph winds that caused the most devastation.It was the storm surge-a wall of ocean water pushed ashore by the storm-that proved to be the deadliest and most destructive element.The surge,which reached heights of up to 20 feet in some areas,flattened entire communities,swept away cars,and turned homes into piles of rubble in mere minutes. Understanding exactly how powerful a storm surge can be requires a look at the physics behind it.A hurnicane is essentially a massive heat engine,drawing energy from warm ocean waters.As the storm intensifies,its powerful winds begin to push water toward the coast.This process is similar to using a giant squeegee on a wet floor.However,unlike a squeegee,the huricane is constantly moving,which means it can pile up an enormous volume of water.This is why a storm surge is so much more dangerous than a regular high tide or a large wave.A single wave may crash and recede,but a surge is a continuous,rising wall of water that keeps coming. The shape of the coastline also plays a critical role in determining the surge's severity.A shallow, gently sloping sea floor,like that found off the coast of the Gulf of Mexico,can allow a much larger surge to build up than a steep,deep coastline.Bays and inlets can also funnel the water,concentrating its power.This is why certain locations are far more vulnerable to storm surge than others.For example,Tampa Bay is considered one of the most vulnerable areas in the United States due to its shallow waters and funnel-like shape. Predicting the exact height and location of a storm surge is a complex scientific challenge. Meteorologists use sophisticated computer models that take into account the hurricane's intensity,its forward speed,its size,and the angle at which it approaches the coast.These models,known as "SLOSH"(Sea,Lake,and Overland Surges from Huricanes),can predict the potential flooding area with remarkable accuracy.However,the models can only provide a range of probabilities.A surge forecast might state that there is a 10%chance of water reaching 15 feet,but a 50%chance of it reaching 10 feet. This uncertainty is why officials often issue mandatory evacuation orders well before a huricane makes landfall.They are not just being cautious;they are tying to compensate for the margin of error in the predictions and the simple fact that the surge can be unpredictable.Their goal is to ensure that people are out of harm's way,even if the worst-case scenario does not materialize.For those who choose to stay,the consequences can be fatal.As the aftermath of Hunicane Michael showed,the storm surge is not a risk to be taken lightly.It is a force of nature that demands respect and,most importantly,a plan of action. ()1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A.To explain the physics behind a storm surge. B.To describe the aftermath of Huricane Michael. C.To emphasize the destructive power of the storm surge. D.To compare the wind speed of Huricane Michael with its surge. ()2.The comparison of a hunicane to a "giant squeegee"is used to illustrate how the storm A.cleans the ocean floor B.moves slowly across the water C.pushes a large volume of water ashore D.creates a single,powerful wave ()3.Why is Tampa Bay considered particularly vulnerable to storm surges? A.It is located on the Atlantic coast. B.It has a deep and steep sea floor. C.Its geographical features concentrate the water. D.It experiences a high number of huricanes every year. ()4.What does the author imply about the "SLOSH"models? A.They are completely reliable and leave no room for error. B.They are mainly used to forecast the path of the hurricane. C.They predict precise surge heights,leaving no need for evacuation. D.They provide probability estimates,which justifies early evacuation orders. ()5.What is the author's attitude toward the practice of issuing evacuation orders? A.It is an overreaction to a small risk. B.It is a necessary precaution despite uncertainty. C.It is ineffective because people do not follow them. D.It is a waste of resources when the storm is weak. Passage B The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland is a fascinating case study for volcanologists.While the eruption itself was not exceptionally powerful by volcanic standards,its impact was profoundly global.The massive plume of volcanic ash it ejected into the atmosphere caused the largest airspace closure since World War II,grounding over 100,000 flights across Europe and costing the global economy billions of dollars. What made this Icelandic volcano so disruptive was not the volume of lava,but the characteristics of its ash.The eruption occurred under a glacial ice cap.The rapid melting of ice by the hot magma created a unique interaction.The magma was cooled so quickly that it shattered into extremely fine,abrasive particles of glass and silicate rock.These particles,smaller than 63 micrometers across,are ideal for being carried high into the jet stream. The danger these ash particles posed to jet aircraft is immense.At high temperatures inside a jet engine, the ash melts into a glassy substance that coats the turbine blades.This coating disrupts the flow of air, causing the engine to stall and lose power.Furthermore,the abrasive ash can sandblast the plane's windshield,damage its electronics,and clog its sensors.The most famous example of this danger occurred in 1982 when a British Aiways flight flew into an ash cloud from Indonesia's Mount Galunggung.All four engines failed,and the plane dropped from 36,000 feet to 12,000 feet before the crew were able to restart them and make an emergency landing.This incident was a stark warning that prompted the strict no-fly zones enforced during the Icelandic eruption. The eruption also highlighted the complex challenges of international crisis management.The decision to close airspace was not taken lightly by European aviation authorities.They faced a trade-off between ensuring public safety and minimizing economic disruption.Initially,models predicted that the ash cloud would spread rapidly across the continent,leading to a complete shutdown.As the days passed,however,the situation became more nuanced.The concentration of ash in the atmosphere varied greatly,and some govemments began to argue that a blanket ban was unnecessary. This led to a conflict.Airlines,facing massive daily losses,were desperate to get their planes flying. They conducted test flights and argued that the risk had been overstated.In response,aviation authorities allowed limited flights in areas with lower ash concentrations,but they maintained strict monitoring.The crisis management was a constant process of negotiation and shared learning between scientists,who were interpreting data in real-time,and policymakers,who had to make decisions with significant economic and safety implications.The entire event served as a powerful lesson in the interconnectedness of our natural and engineered worlds,demonstrating how a geological event in a remote part of Iceland could bring the global aviation industy to its knees. ()1.What is the primary reason the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption had such a global impact? A.The eruption was exceptionally powerful and caused a massive lava flow. B.The volcano ejected a large volume of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. C.The hot magma interacting with glacial ice produced a highly disruptive type of ash. D.Iceland's airspace is the busiest in the world,causing a cascade of global disruptions. ()2.The damage caused by volcanic ash to a jet engine is most similar to what process? A.Pouring sand into a fine watch mechanism. B.Melting ice on a hot stove,turning it into steam. C.Adding oil to a squeaky hinge to make it move smoothly. D.Spraying water on a dusty road to prevent it from rising. ()3.The story of the 1982 British Aiways flight is mentioned to A.suggest that modem engines are no longer vulnerable to ash B.compare the size of the two different volcanic eruptions C.explain the scientific basis for the strict no-fly zone policy D.show that pilots can safely navigate through an ash cloud ()4.What was the main source of conflict between the airlines and the aviation authorities? A.The airlines refused to conduct safety test flights. B.The authorities wanted to keep the airspace closed forever. C.The airlines believed the safety risks were less serious than the authorities thought. D.The authorities lacked the scientific data to make an informed decision. ()5.The text suggests that the crisis management during the eruption was a process involving A.rapid decisions by a single international body B.competition and negotiation among different stakeholders C.a rigid application of pre-existing safety regulations D.widespread panic and poor communication 二、完形填空 Disasters often test the limits of human endurance,but they also reveal extraordinary acts of courage.In the 2010 Haiti earthquake,a 15-year-old girl named Darlene Etienne was trapped under the rubble of her collapsed school for an astonishing 15 days.Her story is one of incredible(1) and will to live. When the earthquake struck,the building came down around her,and she was pinned in a small,dark space.She was(2)from the others,alone with her fear and her thoughts.The first few days were a blur of pain and thirst.She(3)for her mother,but no one came.Hunger pains eventually gave way to a dull,constant ache,and her only source of water was an occasional drip from a broken pipe.She fought the (4)to give up,her mind drifting to memories of her family and the life she had before the disaster.She began to sing songs to herself,focusing on the words and melodies to keep her(5)and push away the overwhelming darkness. Day after day,the sounds of rescue operations came and went,sometimes close,sometimes far away. Each time hope would (6)up,only to fade as the sounds moved on.She would shout,but her voice was too (7)to be heard over the noise of machinery.The lack of food and water made her weaker.She lost track of time,not knowing if it was day or night.The only way she could (8) was by the light,or lack of it,seeping through the cracks in the concrete. Finally,after what felt like an etemnity,a rescue team,this time from the United States,began working on her area.They were using special listening devices and called for (9) This time,Darlene was able to make a faint sound.The rescuers zeroed in on her location."I could hear them talking.It was the most beautiful sound I had ever heard,"she later recalled.The(10) was incredibly challenging.They had to carefully remove heavy slabs of concrete without causing a further collapse that could crush her. After hours of painstaking work,a small hole was made.A rescuer reached in and grasped her hand. "I'm here,"he said.For Darlene,that touch was the (11)between life and death.She had been trapped for 15 days without food and very little water.Her survival was medically improbable,a testament to the strength of the human spirit and the dedication of the rescue workers who never (12) looking for survivors.Her story remains a powerful symbol of hope in the face of a seemingly hopeless situation. 1.A.generosity B.resilience C.wisdom D.curiosity 2.A.protected B.separated C.rescued D.saved 3.A.cried B.looked C.waited D.searched 4.A.fear B.demand C.urge D.need 5.A.conscious B.quiet C.war D.calm 6.A.climb B.grow C.spring D.show 7.A.clear B.loud C.weak D.sweet 8.A.tell B.say C.speak D.shout 9.A.help B.silence C.action D.patience 10.A.rescue B.decision C.process D.escape 11.A.difference B.line C.bridge D.symbol 12.A.insisted on B.looked forward to C.gave up D.went on 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences. One of the most remarkable technological advancements in disaster response has been the use of robots,particularly in the aftermath of earthquakes.After a major tremor,the furst hours are the most critical for finding survivors trapped in collapsed structures.However,these environments are extremely dangerous for human rescuers,who face risks from aftershocks,unstable debris,and hazardous materials.This is where robots have proven invaluable. Two main types of robots are commonly deployed:ground robots and aerial drones.Ground robots, often tracked like miniature tanks,can crawl through small spaces that are inaccessible to humans or dogs.They are equipped with cameras,microphones,and thermal imaging sensors.The cameras allow operators to see inside the rubble,while the microphones can pick up the faintest sounds of a survivor calling for help.The thermal sensors can detect the body heat of a person,even if they are buried under layers of concrete.For example,after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan,robots were used to explore the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant,an area too radioactive for any human to enter. Aerial drones,or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs),provide a different but equally crucial perspective.They can fly over a disaster zone quickly and create detailed maps of the damage.This allows search and rescue coordinators to assess the overall situation and decide where to send their limited resources.Drones can also be used to deliver small but vital supplies,like a bottle of water or a cell phone,to a survivor who is trapped in a location that will take hours for the rescue team to reach. This communication link can be a lifeline,giving the survivor hope and providing information to the rescuers. Despite these advantages,robotic search and rescue is not without its challenges.The technology can be expensive,and robots require skilled operators who are often in short supply.The environments are incredibly complex,and a robot can easily get stuck on a piece of rebar or have its tracks broken by shaip metal.Battery life is also a major limitation,as many missions last for hours.Nevertheless,the field is advancing rapidly.Scientists are developing more agile robots that can climb stairs and manipulate objects,and they are improving their artificial intelligence so that robots can navigate more autonomously.The ultimate goal is to create a robotic "first responder"that can be sent into any dangerous situation to save lives when human rescuers cannot. 1.Why is the use of robots particularly important in earthquake rescue operations? 2.What are the two main types of robots mentioned in the passage,and what is the primary function of each? 3.The text mentions the 2011 Fukushima disaster.What specific ability of robots made them essential there? 4.What is the potential benefit of using a drone to deliver a cell phone to a trapped survivor? 5.According to the final paragraph,what is the main challenge related to the robots themselves that limits their current effectiveness in rescue missions? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When a natural disaster strikes,time is the most precious resource.Quick and decisive action can mean the difference between life and death,which is why the role of local authorities is so 1. (determine).Their primary duty is to 2. (emergency)evacuate people from dangerous areas. This often involves issuing a clear and direct 3. (request)for people to leave their homes, even if they are 4. (curiosity)about the disaster or 5. (argue)that the threat is not severe. The science behind predicting these events is constantly evolving.Scientists use advanced 6. (technique)to monitor volcanoes and plate movements,hoping to 7. (expel)more accurate wamings.However,nature is often unpredictable.When a volcano erupts,it can 8. (expel)a massive cloud of ash into the sky.An 9.(evacuate)plan must be canied out efficiently to ensure everyone's safety. Effective disaster management also requires intemational cooperation.The 10. (negotiate) between different counties over aid and resources can be complex.It is 11. (average)that each nation has its own 12.(counterpart)that deals with these issues,but working together is the only way to ensure the best outcome.The goal is always to learn from past events and build a more 13. (resilience)future.The fact 14.disasters can happen anywhere means that global solidarity is not just a choice,but a 15. (necessary). 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友To来信询问如何在中国的地震中保持安全。请你给他回一封邮 件，内容包括： 1.地震发生前应做的准备工作（如：准备应急包，熟悉逃生路线）。 2.地震发生时正确的避险措施（如：躲到坚固的桌子下，保护头部）。 3.地震发生后的注意事项（如：听从当地政府的指挥，远离危险建筑）。 要求： 1.词数100-120左右。 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you.It's very wise of you to ask about earthquake safety.Here are some key tips for you. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Passage A:1.C 2.C3.C4.D 5.B 一、阅读理解 Passage B:1.C2.A 3.C 4.C5.B 二、完形填空1.B;2.B;3.A;4.C;5.D;6.C;7.C:8.A;9.B;10.A;11.B;12.C 1.Because after an earthquake,collapsed buildings are extremely dangerous for human rescuers due to aftershocks,debris,and hazardous materials.Robots can enter these dangerous spaces where humans cannot. 2.The two main types are ground robots and aerial drones.Ground robots crawl through rubble to find survivors using cameras and sensors.Aerial drones fly over the 三、阅读短文area to create maps of the damage and can deliver small supplies.. 回答问题3.The environment was too radioactive for any human to enter,making the robots' ability to withstand such conditions essential. 4.A drone can deliver a cell phone to a trapped survivor,establishing a communication link that can give the survivor hope and provide information to the rescuers. 5.The main challenge related to the robots themselves is their limited battery life. 1.determining 2.immediately 3.request 4.curious 5.arguing 6.techniques 7. 四、短文填空determine8.expel9.evacuation 10.negotiation 11..average 12.counterpart 13. resilient 14.that 15.necessity 五、写作范文： Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you.It's very wise of you to ask about earthquake safety. Here are some key tips for you. n 111