Unit 5 Natural Disasters-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第一册（冀教版）

Unit 5 Natural Disasters 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： extremely horrible scare region plate slide movement volcano erupt downtown disaster survive BCE;death resource response document anniversary greet brochure poster design supply content package 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 extremely 释义：adv.极其；极端 /k'strimli/ 词汇变形：extreme(adj)极端的；extremist(n)极端分子 搭配：extremely important极其重要；extremely difficult极其困 难；extremely hot极其热 辨析：extremely语气强于vey,相当于“非常非常”，常用于强调 程度。 例句：The weather is extremely hot today. 今天天气极其热。 She is extremely good at math. 她极其擅长数学。 horrible 释义：adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的 /'hprabl/ 词汇变形：horribly(adv.)可怕地；horror(.)恐怖 搭配：a horrible accident可怕的事故；horrible weather糟糕的天 气；horrible taste难吃的味道 辨析：horrible比terrible更强调主观感受的“糟糕、可怕”，常指 令人反感或震惊的事物。 例句：The food tasted horrible, 那食物尝起来难吃极了。 We had a horrible experience during the storm. 我们在暴风雨中经历了一段可怕的经历。 scare 释义：v.惊吓；使害怕 /skea(r)/ 词汇变形：scared(adj)害怕的；scay(adj)吓人的；scare(n)惊恐 搭配：scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑；scare sb.into doing sth.吓得 某人做某事；be scared of害怕 辨析：scare侧重突如其来地吓到；fiighten更正式，常含“恐吓” 之意。 例句：The loud noise scared the children. 巨大的噪音吓到了孩子们。 He scared me into telling the truth. 他吓得我说出了真相。 slide 释义：v.滑行；滑动；n.幻灯片；滑梯 /slaId/ 词汇变形：slid(过去式)：slid(过去分词)：sliding(现在分词) 搭配：slideinto滑入；slide down滑下；let sth.slide放任某事 (不处理) 辨析：side指在光滑表面平稳滑动；slip指滑倒、失足。 例句：The children slid down the hill on a sled. 孩子们坐着雪橇滑下了山。 He slid the drawer open quietly. 他悄悄地拉开了抽屉。 movement 释义：n.移动；运动；动作；动向 /'mu:vmant/ 词汇变形：move(v.n)移动；感动：movable(ad.)可移动的 搭配：a political movement攻治运动；eye movement眼球运动： the movement of goods货物流动 辨析：movement强调有组织、有目的的活动；motion强调物理上的 运动状态。 例句：The environmental movement is growing worldwide. 环保运动正在全球发展。 She watched the dancer's graceful movements. 她注视着舞者优美的动作。 erupt 释义：v.爆发；喷出 N'rApU 词汇变形：eruption(n.)爆发；喷发；eruptive(adj)爆发的 搭配：eruptinto突然爆发成；volcano erupts火山喷发；eruptin laughter突然大笑 辨析：eupt多用于火山、战争、冲突等突然爆发：explode侧重爆 炸的物理过程。 例句：The volcano erupted after200 years of silence.. 这座火山在沉寂了200年后喷发了。 The audience erupted into applause. 观众爆发出掌声。 survive 释义：v.幸存；生存：比…活得长 /sa'vaiv/ 词汇变形：survival(n)幸存；survivor(n.)幸存者；surviving(adj,) 幸存的 搭配：survive the earthquake在地震中幸存；survive on sth.靠… 生存；survive sb.(by)比…活得长(…年) 辨析：survive强调在危险中活下来；outlive强调比某人或某物活得 更久。 例句：Only a few people survived the plane crash,. 只有少数人在空难中幸存下来。 She survived her husband by ten years. 她比她丈夫多活了十年。 response 释义：n.响应；答复；反应 /rI'spons/ 词汇变形：respond()回应；responsible(adj)负责的： responsibility(n)责任 搭配：in response to作为对…的回应；make a response做出回 应；response rate回复率 辨析：response较正式；reply多指口头或书面答复；answer最常 用。 例句：The government's respon.,se to the crisis was swift. 政府对危机的反应迅速。 He made no response to my question 他对我的问题没有做任何回应。 anniversary 释义：n.周年纪念日 /,aenI'v3:sari/ 词汇变形：无常见变形 搭配：wedding anniversary结婚周年纪.念日；thel0 th anniversary 十周年；celebrate the anniversary庆祝周年 辨析：anniversary专指每年一回的纪念日：birthday生日； centenary百年纪念。 例句：Tomorrow is my parents'25 th wedding anniversary 明天是我父母结婚25周年纪念日。 The school held a ceremony for its 100th anniversary. 学校举行了百年校庆典礼。 10 greet 释义：v.打招呼：迎接；以…方式接受 /grit/ 词汇变形：greeting (n)问候；打招呼 搭配：greet sb.with a smile微笑着迎接某人；greet the morning迎 接早晨；be greeted with/by受到…的对待 辨析：greet既指见面打招呼，也指对某事作出反应：welcome强调 热情欢迎。 例句：She greeted me with a warm hug, 她以温暖的拥抱迎接我。 The news was greeted with cheers. 这个消息得到了欢呼。 11 design 释义：v&n.设计；构思；图案 /dr'zam/ 词汇变形：designer(n)设计师；designed(adj)有计划的： designing(adj.)有预谋的 搭配：design sth.for为…设计；by design故意地；design a plan 设计方案 辨析：design强调有目的、有创意地设计；plan侧重预先安排； devise更强调发明创造。 例句：The bridge was designed by a famous architect. 这座桥由一位著名建筑师设计。 This course is designed for beginners. 这门课程是为初学者设计的。 12 supply 释义：n.&w.供应；供给：补给 /sa'plal/ 词汇变形：supplier(血)供应商；supply (n)供应量（不可数/可数） 搭配：supply sb.with sth.向某人提供某物；supply sth.tosb.把某 物供应给某人；in short supply供应短缺；water supply供水 辨析：supply侧重提供所需物品；provide更通用；offer主动提出但 可能不提供。 例句：The company supplies food to local schools, 这家公司向当地学校供应食品。 During the drought,water was in short supply. 干旱期间，供水短缺。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（每空一词，共15题） 1.The volcano (erupt)violently last night,causing widespread panic. 2.She was (extreme)nervous before the interview. 3.The children were (scare)by the sudden noise 4.The government's quick (respond)helped reduce the damage 5.He survived the accident,but his car was (complete)destroyed. 6.The (move)of the earth's plates causes earthquakes. 7.We celebrated the 20th (anniversary)of our school's founding. 8.The host (greet)each guest with a friendly handshake 9.This bridge was (design)to last for 100 years 10.The factory (supply)the city with clean water every day. 11.The food tastes (horrible)-I can't eat it 12.She (slide)into the room without making a sound. 13.m (response)to the question,the teacher gave a detailed explanation. 14.Only two people (survive)the terrible earthquake 15.The (erupt)of the volcano was captured on video. (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限，共8题） 1.这个地区的气候极其干燥。 The climate in this area is 2.那个可怕的经历让他至今心有余悸。 The still him to this day. 3年轻人应该积极参与环保运动。 Young people should actively take part in the environmental 4,火山已经沉睡了数百年，最近突然爆发了。 The volcano had been sleeping for centuries and suddenly recently. 5.在这场灾难中，许多家庭幸存了下来，但失去了家园。 Many families the disaster,but they lost their homes. 6她微笑着向每一位进店的顾客打招呼。 She each customer a smile as they entered the store. 7这本书的设计非常独特，吸引了大量读者。 The of this book is very unique,_ a large number ofreaders. 8.由于供应短缺，食物价格大幅上涨。 Due to the price of food has risen sharply. (三)短文填空 Last year,a powerful earthquake struck the coastal city,causing a major 1. (nature) disaster.Many buildings slid down the hills and the ground 2. (extreme)shook. Some people were 3. (scare)to death.However,rescue teams anived quickly 4. (response)to the emergency.They supplied the victims 5. food,water, and tents.The government designed a new plan to rebuild the city.On the first 6. (anniversary)of the earthquake,people held a ceremony.They greeted 7. each other with tears and hope.Many survivors shared how they 8. (survive)the disaster.Alocal designer created a memorial 9.(design)to remind people ofthe importance of unity.The whole city had never seen such a 10. (horrible)event before.But thanks to everyone's efforts,life gradually returned to normal.The 11 (move)of rebuilding inspired the whole country.The resources,though in short 12. (supply),were used wisely.This event taught people that in the face of 13. (erupt) dangers,we must stay calm and help each other.The story of survival is a true 14. (greet)to life itself-we are stronger together. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.erupted;2.extremely;3.scared;4.response;5.completely;6.movement; 7.anniversary;8.greeted;9.designed;10.supplies;11.horrible/horribly(注：taste后接 形容词horrible表示味道；若用副词horribly也可，但习惯用形容词)；12.slid; 13.response;14.survived;15.eruption (二)单句表达 1.extremely dry;2.horrible experience;scares;3.movement;4.erupted;5.survived; 6.greeted;with;7.design;attracting;8.short supply in in short supply) (三)短文填空 1.natural;2.extremely;3.scared;4.in response to respond);5.with;6.anniversary 7.each other(或one another);8.survived;9.designed/design(注：此处design作名词， a memorial design或a designed memorial均可，但根据上下文“创造了纪念设计”用 design更合适)；10.horrible;11.movement;.12.supply;13.erupting(注：erupting dangers指“爆发中的危险”)；14.greeting(注：a true greeting to life对生命的真正问 候”)》 (说明：短文填空答案根据语境灵活处理，若个别空有不同合理答案也可接受)》