Unit 4 Travellers' tales-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（沪教版）

Unit 4 Travellers'tales 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词短语搭配 女同步语法二：非谓语动词作定语的综合辨析 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 动词短语(Phrasal Verbs)由“动词+介词/副词"构成，整体意义常与字面意义不同，是高中 英语语法填空、完形填空及写作的核心考点。例如： break down(出故障；崩溃)≠break(打破)+down(向下) give up(放弃)≠give(给予)+up(向上) 动词短语的及物性、宾语位置和被动语态用法是高考考查的重难点。 (二)核心用法与分类 动词短语根据构成分为三类，语法特性差异显著，具体如下： 类型 构成 及物性 宾语位置规则 被动语态 常见短语示例 宾语只能放在介 可变为被动语 look after, ①动词+介 动词+at/ depend on, 词 及物 词后（名词/代词 态，介词不可 for/after等 均如此) 丢 wait for,belong to,listen to 名词宾语可在副 turn on/off,put ②动词+副 动词+up/ 及物时可用被 可及物/ 词前或后；代词 on/off,take off, 词 down off 动，副词紧跟 等 不及物 宾语必须放在动 pick up,give 词与副词之间 在过去分词后 up,hand in come up with, 动词+up/ 宾语只能放在最 可变为被动语 ③动词+副 put up with, out with 及物 后介词后（不可 态，整个短语 look forward to 词+介词 of等 拆开) 视为整体 run out of, catch up with 1.动词+介词（及物型） 特征：介词不可与宾语分离；被动语态中介词保留。 g例句：He looked after the children..→The children were looked after. @例句：She insisted on the plan.→The plan was insisted on. 考点提示：高考常考介词搭配辨析，如insist on,congratulate on,prevent fromo 2.动词+副词（及物/不及物型） 及物情况：宾语为名词时可前可后，代词必须放中间。 Put on your coat.Put your coat on.Put it on. X Put on it. 不及物情况：无宾语，不能用于被动语态，如grow up,break down(出故障)，get up,come true. 被动语态示例：The light was turned off.(副词of保留) 考点提示：高考语法填空常考查代词宾语的位置，以及不及物短语无被动形式。 3,动词+副词+介词（及物型） 特征：三个部分形成一个紧密整体，宾语只能放在最后介词后；被动语态中整个短语一同 变化。 O例句：She came up with an idea.→An idea was came up with. ⑧例句：We should put up with the inconvenience. 考点提示：高考完形填空常考查此类短语的语义辨析，如come up with(想出)vs put up with(忍受)。 (三)核心含义区分与易混点 1.宾语位置规则（高考单选、改错必考点） 动词+介词型：一律放介词后。listen to it(v)listen it to(x)） 动词+副词型：代词放中间。hand it in（v）hand in it(X) 2.被动语态中的动词短语（语法填空常考） 介词/副词不可丢失。例：The problem has been dealt with(不可省去with);The meeting was put off(不可省去off)。 3.易混淆短语辨析（完形填空高频） look up(查阅；仰望)vs look into(调查)vs look through(浏览) turn up(出现；调大)vs turn down(拒绝；调小) give up(放弃)vs give away(赠送；泄露)vs give in(屈服) take off(起飞；脱下)vs take over(接管)vs take up(开始从事) break down(出故障；分解)vs break out(爆发)vs break up(分手；分解) 4.注意不及物动词短语 grow up,break down(出故障)，come true,get up等不能用于被动语态。 但有些短语既可及物也可不及物，如break down(及物：分解；不及物：出故障)，需 根据语境判断。 (四)高考高频考点总结 考点 示例 说明 hand in your homework 宾语位置 hand your homework 代词放中间 in hand it in The old man was 被动语态 介词after不可丢 looked after well. 介词搭配 congratulate on/ 固定介词 prevent from/insist on 短语语义辨析 bring up(抚养；提出) vs bring about(导致) 语境决定含义 不规则动词过 took off,broke down, 去式 注意动词本身的变化 gave up 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The manager promised to the matter as soon as possible. A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look after 2.Please your name and address on the form. A.put down B.put off C.put up D.put out 3.It's the third time that he has the same mistake. A.got over B.made up C.come up with D.taken care of 4.The old photos me of my childhood in the countryside. A.reminded B.remembered C.remained D.required 5.After the long journey,we finally_at the hotel. A.checked in B.checked out C.checked up D.checked on 6.The scientist his research and made a breakthrough. A.insisted on B.depended on C.carried on D.kept on 7.She her mother's advice and finally succeeded. A.acted on B.acted out C.acted as D.acted for 8.The government is trying to the living standards of the poor. A.bring about B.bring up C.bring in D.bring out 9.The meeting has been until next Monday due to the storm. A.put off B.put away C.put up D.put out 10.I can't the noise any longer;I'm going to complain A.put up with B.catch up with C.come up with D.keep up with (二)用所给动词短语的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词短语的适当形式填空（注意时态、语态和宾语位置）。 1.The children were told to (put away)their toys before dinner. 2.She (look up)the new word in the dictionary just now. 3.The problem (deal with)effectively by the committee last week. 4.Would you please (turn down)the radio?It's too loud 5.After years of hard work,his dream finally(come/true). 6.The doctor advised him to(give/up)smoking immediately. 7.The government has (carry out)a series of reforms in education. 8.The old building (pull down)last month to make room for a new park. (三)句子翻译(5小题) 将下列中文句子翻译成英语，注意动词短语的正确使用（每个句子必须使用括号内所给的动词 短语)。 1.他终于想出了一个绝妙的主意。(come up with) 翻译： 2.这些孩子由他们的祖母照顾。(look after) 翻译： 3.你应该把这些旧报纸扔掉。(throw away) 翻译： 4.她决定继续她的学业。(go on with) 翻译： 5.这台机器昨天出了故障。(break down) 翻译： (四)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词短语的正确形式（注意时态、语态和主语一致）。 Last summer,I decided to 1. (take up)photography as a hobby.I 2 (come /across)an old camera in my grandpa's closet and 3. (pick it up)immediately.At first,I couldn't 4. (figure out)how to use it,so I 5. (look up)some tutorials online.After several attempts,I finally 6. (get /the hang of)it.I often 7. (go/ out)to take pictures of nature.One day,I 8. (run /into)a professional photographer who 9. (give /away)some useful tips.Inspired by him,I 10 (carry/on)practicing and my skills improved a lot. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.C;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.A;6.C;7.A;8.A;9.A;10.A (二)用所 给动词短语 1.put away 2.looked up 3.was dealt with 4.turn down 5.came 的适当形式 true 6.give up 7.carried out 8.was pulled down 填空 1.He came up with a brilliant idea at last.2.These children are looked (三）)句子 after by their grandmother.3.You should throw away these old 翻译 newspapers.;4.She decided to go on with her studies.5.The machine broke down yesterday. (四)篇章 1.take up 2.came across 3.picked it up 4.figure out;5.looked up; 语法填空 6.got the hang of 7.went out 8.ran into 9.gave away;10.carried on 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 非谓语动词作定语时，用来修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词或定语从句。根据动词形式的 不同(doing、done、todo),表达主动/进行、被动/完成或未来/目的/情态等含义。这 是高考语法填空、短文改错、阅读理解中的核心考点，也是区分非谓语动词用法的关键。 (二) 核心用法与位置（对比表格） 形式 位置 逻辑关系 含义 例句 前置（单 主动（名词发出 个)或后 a running boy(一个正在跑的男 现在分词 主动、 动作)或进行 (doing) 置（短 孩)；the boy running on the (动作正在发生) 进行 语) playground(在操场上跑的男孩) 前置（单 被动（名词承受 过去分词 个)或后 a broken window（一扇被打碎的窗 动作)或完成 被动、 置（短 (动作已结束， 完成 户)；the letter written by my (done) sister(我姐姐写的那封信) 语) 不及物动词) 将来（动作未发 the meeting to be held 未来、 不定式 后置（必 生)、目的、情态 tomorrow(明天要开的会)；the 目的、 (to do) 须后置) (可被、可做) 情态 best way to solve the problem (解决这个问题的最好方法) 位置记忆口诀：单个分词可前置，分词短语必后置；不定式作定语只后置，无前置情况。 (三)核心含义区分 (表格速览) 形式 时间维度 主动/被动 典型例子 正在进行或与 doing 主动 谓语同时发生 a changing world(变化中的世界) 已发生或强调 done 被动或完成 a changed world(已经变化了的世界) 被动 尚未发生，表 the work to do(要做的活，主动意味)；the 主动或被动（取 to do 将来/目的情 work to be done 决于动词性质) 态 (要完成的工作，被动意味) l.不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动，如：fallen leaves(落叶)、a retired teacher(一位退休教师)、the gone days(逝去的日子)。 2.不定式作定语若与被修饰名词为被动关系，需用to be done形式，如：the plan to be discussed(将要讨论的计划)。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附对比例句） 1.位置与形式的对应关系 ,单个非谓语动词(doing/done)可前置→an amazing game >短语形式(doing短语/done短语/todo短语)必须后置→the girl wearing a red hat 2.doing与done作定语的区别（主动/被动、进行/完成） >The developing countries are facing many challenges.(发展中国家，主 动) >The developed countries have already solved these problems.(发达国 家，完成) >The moving story touched everyone.(今人感动的故事，主动) >The moved audience burst into tears.(被感动的观众，被动/状态) 3todo与done作定语的区别（将来vs过去/完成） >The bridge to be built next year will be the longest..(将来，被动) ,The bridge built last year is already in use.(过去，被动) 4.不定式主动形式与被动形式的选择 >若名词是动作的执行者，用主动不定式：I have a lot of work to do, ,若名词是动作的承受者，用被动不定式：The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. ,注意：某些结构中主动可表被动（如something to eat) 5.不规则动词的过去分词拼写（如broken,written,seen,taken等） 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The movie made all the audience feel scared. A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.being frightened 2.The question at the meeting yesterday is very important. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.to be discussed 3.Most of the artists to the party are from America. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 4.Don't use words,expressions or phrases only to people with rich knowledge. A.being known B.having known C.to be known D.known 5.The house last year is a big shopping mall now. A.built B.being built C.to be built D.building 6.We are asked to clean the classroom every day. A.using B.used C.to use D.use 7.The children were sitting quietly in the corner. A.surprising B.surprised C.surprise D.to surprise 8.The book for English learners is very popular. A.designing B.designed C.to design D.design 9.All tickets have been sold out. A.printed B.printing C.to print D.print 10.The story by the little girl moved everyone present. A.told B.telling C.to tell D.be told (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式（现在分词、过去分词或不定式）填空。 1.The (break)glass is dangerous,so please pick it up. 2.The novel (write)by Mo Yan is worth reading. 3.We saw the (fall)trees on the side of the road after the storm. 4.The (pollute)river has killed a lot of fish. 5.The project (complete)last month is very successful. 6.The (lose)boy was found by the police yesterday. 7.The (paint)wall looks very beautiful now. 8.The advice (give)by the teacher is very useful. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last week,we visited an old castle 1. (build)hundreds of years ago.It is one of the most famous places 2 (visit)in our city.The walls 3 (paint)in ancient styles are well protected.There are many old photos 4. (take)by the kings and queens in the castle. The rooms 5. (use)for important meetings are still kept in good condition.The furniture 6. (make)of wood is very valuable.We also saw a big clock 7. (stop)for many years,but it still looks beautiful. A guide 8. (call)Tom told us many stories about the castle.He showed us some paintings 9. (draw)by famous artists.The stories 10. (write)on the walls are very interesting.We all felt interested in the 11. (amaze)history of the castle.Before leaving,we took many photos in front of the 12. (ruin)towers. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.D;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.broken;2.written;3.fallen 4.polluted 5.completed 6. 形式填空 lost 7.painted;8.given (三)篇章 1.built 2.to visit 3.painted 4.taken 5.used 6.made 7. 语法填空 stopped 8.called 9.drawn 10.written 11.amazing 12 ruined