Unit 3 Celebrations-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（北师大版）

Unit 3 Celebrations 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ★同步语法一：被动语态 女同步语法二：动词+名词类固定搭配 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。只有及物动词（及动 词短语)亨能构成被动语态。其基本结构为“be+过去分词”，其中be动词随主语的人称、数 及句子时态变化。被动语态是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作表达的核心考点，尤其在强调动 作承受者或动作执行者未知时使用。 (二)常见时态的被动语态构成 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are done The room is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were done The bridge was built in 1990. 一般将来时 will be done The meeting will be held tomorrow. 过去将来时 would be done He said the work would be finished soon. 现在进行时 am/is/are being done The car is being repaired now. 过去进行时 was/were being The house was being painted when I done arrived. 现在完成时 have/has been The report has been submitted. done 过去完成时 had been done The letter had been sent before he called. 情态动词 This problem must be solved 情态动词+be+done immediately. (三)使用被动语态的主要场合 1.动作的执行者未知、不重要或无需提及 √My bike was stolen last night.(未知) √The meeting is put off.(不重要) 2.强调动作的承受者，而非执行者 ★He was awarded the first prize.(强调他获奖) 3使表达更加客观、礼貌或正式（常见于科技、学术写作） It is believed that the theory is correct (四)特殊句型的被动语态（高考高频） 1.双宾语的被动 谓语动词带直接宾语和间接宾语时，可将任意一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留。 例：My mother gave me a watch, -I was given a watch(by my mother). -A watch was given to me (by my mother). 2.复合宾语的被动 主动句中宾补（如不定式、分词）在被动句中改为主语补足语。注意：主动句中省to的不 定式作宾补时，被动句中要补回to。 例：I saw him run into the room -He was seen to run into the room. 3.短语动词的被动 要保持短语动词的完整性，介词/副词不能省略或拆分。 例：Ve should take care of the elderly,. -The elderly should be taken care of. 例：The police looked into the case. The case was looked into (by the police). 4.主动形式表示被动意义（高考必考） ①某些系动词(Iook,sound,taste,smell,feel,prove等)用主动表被动，后接形容 词。 √The dish tastes delicious.(不可写作is tasted) ②某些及物动词(read,write,sell,wash,open,lock等)用主动形式表示主语的内在 属性或特征，常与well,easily,smoothly等副词连用。 The new novel sells well. This kind of cloth washes easily. ③在need,want,require,deserve等动词后，用doing:形式主动表被动（相当于need to be done). The car needs repairing (needs to be repaired). (五)高考高频考点总结 1.时态与被动语态的综合判断：根据时间状语或上下文确定正确时态下的被动结构。 2.主谓一致：be动词形式必须与主语的人称、数一致。 3.不规则动词的过去分词拼写：如written,.broken,taken,hidden等。 4.被动语态与系表结构的区分 系表结构：be+过去分词（表状态），如The door is locked,(状态) 被动语态：be+过去分词（表动作），如The door was locked by me,(动作) √区分标志：时间状语、by短语、语境强调动作还是状态。 5.主动表被动句型的转化：如need doing/need to be done互换。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The new bridge next year will connect the two cities A.is built B.built C.being built D.to be built 2.All the work by the time the manager arrives. A.has been finished B.had been finished C.will be finished D.is finished 3.The teacher said the experiment carefully and no one could skip it. A.must be done B.must do C.must have done D.must have been done 4.It is reported that the suspect by the police yesterday. A.caught B.was caught C.has caught D.is being caught 5.The only thing that is whether you work hard enough. A.needs doing B.needs to be done C.needs being done D.A and B 6. _a gift on my birthday,but I haven't opened it yet. A.gave B.was given C.have given D.am giving 7.This material smoothly and is perfect for summer clothes. A.is washed B.is washing C.washes D.has been washed 8.The patient by the doctors when we visited the hospital. A.was being operated B.was being operated on C.operated on D.had been operated 9.The old man was seen into the room and then left in a hurry. A.to come B.come C.coming D.came 10.The plan at the meeting turned out to be a failure A.gave B.was given C.giving D.given (二)用所给动词的正确形式填空(8小题) 注意：根据语境使用被动语态或主动表被动结构，每空填一个词或短语。 1.The classroom (clean)every day by the students. 2.It is said that the lost child(find)in the forest last night. 3.The novel (write)by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. 4.The window (break)yesterday and now it (repair). 5.The problem requires(solve)as soon as possible;we can't delay it. 6.The building (paint)now;please stay away from it. 7.Great changes (take)place in my hometown in the past ten years. 8.The young man_ (offer)a job,but he refused it. (三)单句改错(6小题) 下面每句均有一处错误，涉及被动语态或主动表被动的使用。请指出并改正。 1.The house is been built at present;it will be finished next month. 2.I am very glad that I have given a chance to study abroad. 3.The food tastes is delicious,so it is eaten up quickly. 4.The book needs to be to be returned to the library on time. 5.The boy was seen run out of the room without permission. 6.The accident was happened on a rainy night. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.D;2.A;3.A;4.B;5.D;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.B (二)用所 1.is cleaned 2.was found 3.written 4.was broken is being 给动词的正 repaired 5.solving to be solved 6.is being painted 7.have taken 确形式填空 8.was offered (三)单句 1.is being 2.have been given 3.tastes 4.to be returned 5.to run 改错 6.happened 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 动词+名词类固定搭配是英语中由及物动词与一个（或多个）名词构成的习惯性组合， 其含义往往不能从字面值接翻译，而是整体表达特定动作或概念。这类搭配是高考完形填 空、语法填空、短文改错及写作中的高频考点，掌握其搭配形式及冠词、单复数、介词等 细节至关重要。 (二)核心搭配类型与用法 动词+名词固定搭配主要分为以下几类，其结构差异和用法要点如下表所示： 搭配类型 结构示例 用法说明 高考常见考点 名词前通常不加冠 动词+名词 take place,lose 冠词缺失/多余判断，如 词，表示抽象概念或 (无冠词) heart,catch fire take the place错误 固定习语 动词+ make a decision, 名词为可数单数，需 冠词选择(a/an),名词 a/an+名 have a look,take a 加不定冠词 单复数一致性 词 walk play the piano,tell 动词+the 名词特指或用于固定 the的用法，与零冠词搭 the truth,take the +名词 表达，冠词不可省略 配区分 lead 动词+名词 take care of,pay 动名介连用，介词需 介词选择(of/toon/at attention to,catch +介词 与名词形成固定搭配 等)，不可混淆 hold of 动词十名词 give sb a hand,owe 双宾语结构，名词位 间接宾语与直接宾语顺 +名词代词 sb an apology 置固定 序，人称代词格 (三)易错点与辨析（高考必考） 1.冠词遗漏或误用 例：make decision→make a decision√ tell truth→tell the truth√（特指真相） 2.动词与名词搭配错误 例：do progress☐→make progress have a test√（参加测试），take a test√（接受测试），不可混用 3.名词单复数错误 例：take note of0(留意，但固定搭配常为复数)→take notes of/ make friend with☐→make friends with/ 4.介词搭配混淆 例：pay attention on☐→pay attention to take care about☐→take care of/ 5.及物动词后缺少宾语 例：He always does his best to help.(正确，do one's best为搭配) 但He always does his best to help others.扌完整。 (四)高考高频搭配清单（必修1重点） ☆make短语：make a difference,make a mistake,make a decision,make progress,make sense,make a living ⑦take短语：take action,.take a look,.take place,take care of,,take part in, take advantage of have短语：have a good time,have a rest,have a try,have a look.,have trouble (in)doing do短语：do homework,do business,do harm to,do one's best,do a favor give短语：give a speech,give a hand,give birth to,give way to,give an example keep短语：keep a diary,keep pace with,keep in touch with,keep an eye on (五)解题技巧（适用于语法填空短文改错） 1.先判断动词是否为及物动词，若后接名词则需检查是否缺介词或冠词。 2.注意固定搭配中的名词是否习惯用复数（如make preparations,take turns)。 3冠词选择时，注意名词是否可数、是否特指、是否有抽象含义。 4遇到“动词+名词+介词”结构，重点检查介词是否正确。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.It is important to when you are in trouble A.keep calm B.keep calmly C.keep calmness D.keep the calm 2.The teacher asked us to the key points in class. A.take notes of B.take note of C.take a note of D.take note on 3.Many students find it hard to in the first week of school. A.make friend B.make friends C.do friends D.have friend 4.You should to your parents for your rude behavior. A.make an apology B.do an apology C.take an apology D.have apology 5.She always_ her best to help those in need. A.makes B.does C.takes D.gives 6.The accident last night caused a traffic jam. A.took place B.took the place C.was taken place D.had taken place 7.Listening to music can when you feel stressed A.make a difference B.do a difference C.take difference D.give difference 8.Please the children while I am away. A.take care of B.take care about C.take care with D.take care for 9.The scientist devoted his life to the environment. A.take part in protecting B.taking part in protecting C.take part to protect D.taking part to protect 10.It is rude to others when they are speaking. A.cut in B.cut down C.cut off D.cut up (仁二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内所给动词或名词的正确形式填空，注意固定搭配。 1.We should (pay)attention to the details in the experiment. 2.The government has (take)action to stop the pollution. 3.He (make)a living by selling fruits in the market 4.It's time for you to_(do)a favor to your younger brother. 5.They___ (have)a good time at the party last night. 6.The doctor advised him to (keep)a balanced diet. 7.She _(give)birth to a baby girl in the hospital yesterday. 8.1 can't (make)sense of this difficult article (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词语的正确形式，注意动词+名词类固定搭配。 Last week,our class 1. (take)part in a school project to protect the environment.The teacher asked us 2. (make)a plan first.Each group had to 3. (do)research on local pollution.My group decided to 4. (pay)attention to the waste problem in our community. We 5. (make)a decision to visit the local recycling center.There,we saw workers 6. _(take)care of the waste properly.One worker gave us a tour and 7._ (make)a speech about the importance of recycling.He told us that every small action can 8._(make)a difference. In the following days,we 9. (take)action to reduce waste.We tried to 10. (keep)a diary of our daily waste production.Finally,we 11. (give)a presentation in class.Our teacher was pleased and said we had 12. (do)a great job 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.A (二)用所 给词的适当 1.pay 2.taken 3.makes 4.do 5.had 6.keep;7.gave 8.make 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.took 2.to make 3.do 4.pay 5.made 6.taking 7.made 语法填空 8.make;9.took 10.keep 11.gave 12.done