内容正文:
人教版八年级上册英语
语法知识精讲与配套练习
Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal!
📌 本单元语法焦点:感叹句(What/How 引导)+ 可数/不可数名词
📖 语法知识详解
一、感叹句
【What 引导的感叹句】
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语+谓语)!
What a delicious meal (it is)!
What an amazing smell!
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + (主语+谓语)!
What beautiful flowers (they are)!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语+谓语)!
What fine weather (it is)!
【How 引导的感叹句】
How + 形容词/副词 + (主语+谓语)!
How delicious the food is!
How fast he runs!
How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + (主语+谓语)!
How beautiful a flower it is! (= What a beautiful flower it is!)
🎯 中考考点:中考高频考点:
① What 修饰名词,How 修饰形容词/副词
② What a 后接单数可数名词;不可数名词前不加 a
③ 判断技巧:去掉主谓后,剩名词用 What,剩形容词/副词用 How
二、名词的分类与特征
名词按是否可数分为两大类:
类别
定义
特征
示例
可数名词
可用数目计算的名词
有单复数形式,可被数词修饰
apple→apples, tomato→tomatoes
不可数名词
不能用数目计算的名词
无复数,不能直接加 a/an/数词
milk, rice, information
🎯 中考考点:中考高频考点:① 不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数(❌ There are some milk. → ✅ There is some milk.);② many 修饰可数名词复数,much 修饰不可数名词;③ a number of + 复数(许多),the number of + 复数(……的数量,谓语用单数)。
三、可数名词复数变化规则
规则
原级 → 复数
注意
一般加 -s
book→books, cat→cats
清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音后读/z/
s/sh/ch/x 结尾加 -es
bus→buses, watch→watches
读/ɪz/
辅音字母+y 结尾
baby→babies, city→cities
变 y 为 i 加 es
f/fe 结尾
knife→knives, leaf→leaves
变 f 为 v 加 es
o 结尾(有生命)
tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes
加 es
o 结尾(无生命)
photo→photos, piano→pianos
加 s
不规则变化
man→men, child→children
需单独记忆
四、不可数名词的数量表达
不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰,需用"量词 + of"结构:
结构
示例
a/an + 量词 + of + 不可数名词
a glass of water, a piece of paper
数词 + 量词复数 + of + 不可数名词
two bowls of rice, three cups of tea
some/much/a little + 不可数名词
some milk, much water, a little sugar
常见既可数又不可数的名词:
chicken(鸡肉→不可数 / 一只鸡→可数)
glass(玻璃→不可数 / 玻璃杯→可数)
paper(纸→不可数 / 报纸/文件→可数)
time(时间→不可数 / 次数/倍数→可数)
food(食物总称→不可数 / 各种食物→可数)
🎯 中考考点:中考高频考点:① 不可数名词无复数形式(❌ two informations → ✅ two pieces of information);② How many + 可数复数,How much + 不可数名词;③ 量词本身有单复数变化。
✏️ 配套练习题
一、单项选择(每题1分,共10分)
1. ______ delicious the food tastes!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
2. ______ amazing smell! I can't wait to eat.
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
3. There is ______ milk in the fridge. Let's go and buy some.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
4. — How many ______ do we need? — Two cups.
A. sugars B. sugar C. salt D. butter
5. ______ fine weather we have today!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
6. I need two ______ of bread to make sandwiches.
A. piece B. pieces C. cup D. glass
7. She gave me a very good ______.
A. advice B. advices C. suggestion D. informations
8. ______ beautiful a flower it is!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
9. There isn't ______ meat in the fridge. We need to buy some.
A. many B. much C. few D. a few
10. — Would you like some more rice? — No, thanks. I've had ______.
A. few B. little C. enough D. many
二、完形填空(每题1分,共10分)
Yesterday, Mum and I decided to cook (1)______ special for dinner. — What (2)______ we make? she asked. — How about (3)______ fried rice? I love it! I said. We needed (4)______ rice, two eggs, and some vegetables. Mum taught me (5)______ to cut the vegetables carefully. First, we put (6)______ oil in the pan. Then, we added the eggs and rice. — (7)______ wonderful it smells! I said. After ten minutes, the dish was ready. It was (8)______ meal I had ever cooked! We ate it with (9)______ cold juice. What (10)______ happy evening we had!
1. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
2. A. shall B. will C. should D. must
3. A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. A. many B. much C. few D. little
5. A. what B. how C. when D. where
6. A. few B. little C. a little D. a few
7. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
8. A. good B. better C. best D. the best
9. A. some B. any C. many D. much
10. A. a B. an C. the D. /
三、改写句子(每题2分,共10分)
1. The dish is very delicious.(改为感叹句)
→ ______ ______ ______ dish it is!
2. He runs very fast.(改为感叹句)
→ ______ ______ he runs!
3. There is some bread on the table.(对划线部分提问)
→ ______ ______ bread is there on the table?
4. She bought two bottles of milk.(对划线部分提问)
→ ______ ______ milk did she buy?
5. What a clever boy he is!(改为同义句)
→ ______ clever the boy ______!
四、短文填空(十二选十,每题1分,共10分)
供选词汇
piece
kilo
cup
dozen
bottle
pair
bowl
group
slice
loaf
glass
plate
Here is a shopping list for the party. We need three (1)______ of bread and two (2)______ of milk. Don't forget to buy a (3)______ of eggs — we need about twelve. We also need five (4)______ of water and a (5)______ of juice. For snacks, please get two (6)______ of biscuits and one (7)______ of cake. I want to make sandwiches, so pick up a (8)______ of ham, too. There is a (9)______ of students coming, so we need enough food. Put everything in a (10)______ and bring it home!
📝 参考答案
一、单项选择
1.C (delicious 是形容词,the food tastes 是主谓,用 How + 形容词 + 主谓。)
2.B (smell 此处为可数名词单数,amazing 以元音/ə/开头用 an,What an amazing smell!)
3.C (milk 不可数,few/a few 修饰可数,排除;little 表示"几乎没有",符合"去买一些"的语境。)
4.A (How many 修饰可数名词复数,sugars 此处指"糖的种类/份",用复数;答语 two cups 也暗示可数。)
5.A (weather 是不可数名词,不用 a,What fine weather!)
6.B (bread 不可数,用量词 piece 表示,two pieces of bread 两片面包。)
7.C (advice 是不可数名词,不能用 a 修饰;suggestion 是可数名词单数,a suggestion 正确。)
8.C (How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + 主谓,How beautiful a flower it is!)
9.B (meat 不可数名词,isn't 否定句用 much 修饰不可数,表示"没有多少肉"。)
10.C (I've had enough. 我吃饱了/够了,enough 表示"足够的",符合语境。)
二、完形填空
1.A (肯定句用 something special,形容词后置修饰不定代词。)
2.A (What shall we make? 表示建议"我们做什么呢?",shall 用于第一人称建议。)
3.D (fried rice 是不可数名词短语,泛指时不需要加冠词 a。)
4.B (rice 不可数名词,用 much 修饰;many 修饰可数复数。)
5.B (teach sb how to do sth 教某人如何做某事,how to cut 如何切。)
6.C (oil 不可数,肯定句用 a little 表示"一点油",few/little 表否定不对。)
7.C (wonderful 是形容词,用 How + 形容词 + 主谓,How wonderful it smells!)
8.D (I had ever cooked 用最高级,meal 是名词用形容词最高级 the best。)
9.A (肯定句用 some 修饰不可数名词 juice,表示"一些果汁"。)
10.A (evening 是可数名词单数,happy 以辅音开头用 a,What a happy evening!)
三、改写句子
1. What a delicious (delicious dish 是"形容词+单数可数名词",用 What a delicious dish it is!)
2. How fast (fast 是副词,用 How + 副词 + 主谓,How fast he runs!)
3. How much (bread 不可数名词,对数量提问用 How much。)
4. How much (milk 不可数名词,对数量提问用 How much milk。)
5. How; is (What a clever boy = How clever the boy is! How + 形容词 + 主谓。)
四、十二选十
1.loaves (bread 的量词用 loaf,three 后用复数 loaves,three loaves of bread 三条面包。)
2.bottles (milk 的量词用 bottle,two bottles of milk 两瓶牛奶。)
3.dozen (a dozen of eggs 一打/十二个鸡蛋,dozen 单复数同形。)
4.glasses (water 的量词用 glass,five glasses of water 五杯水。)
5.cup (juice 的量词用 cup,a cup of juice 一杯果汁。)
6.plates (biscuits 饼干用 plate 作量词,two plates of biscuits 两碟饼干,选 plate 变复数 plates。)
7.slice (cake 的量词用 slice,one slice of cake 一块蛋糕。)
8.piece (ham 的量词用 piece,a piece of ham 一片火腿。)
9.group (a group of students 一群学生,group 作量词。)
10.bowl (put everything in a bowl 把东西放进一个碗里,选 bowl。)
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