专题05 定语从句（培优专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

**基本信息** 以“真题感知-进阶强化-拔高预测”为逻辑链，构建定语从句“方法-考点-应用”三维训练体系，通过分层典例培养语言运用能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题·命题感知|3道高考真题|提炼“成分判断三步法”：定位先行词→分析从句成分→选择引导词（代词/副词/介词+代词）|从真题实例出发，建立“概念认知-规则应用”基础逻辑| |进阶·强化演练|30道模拟题（关系代词15/副词10/介词+代词5）|针对三类考点归纳“关系词选择公式”，区分限制性与非限制性从句差异|按“基础代词→复杂副词→特殊结构”递进，覆盖高频易错点| |拔高·模拟预测|语法填空等综合题型|融合新情境（如中华文化、科技），强化方法迁移与语篇应用|实现“单一考点”到“语篇综合”的能力跃升，体现文化意识与学习能力培养|

专题05 定语从句 参考答案 真题·命题感知 1.that / which 2. which 3. where 进阶·强化演练 考点01 定语从句的关系代词 1.whose 2.that 3.which 4.who 5.which 6.that / which 7.who 8.which 9.who 10.who 11.which 12.whose 13.whose 14.that / which 15.why 考点02 定语从句的关系副词 1.when 2.where 3.when 4.why 5.where 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.where 10.where 考点03 定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构 1.which 2.which 3.whom 4.whom 5.which 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 【答案】1. including 2. respectfully 3. when 4. to rebuild 5. achievements 6. twentieth 7. had completed 8. and 9. the 10. influential Passage 2 【答案】1. But 2. wearable 3. looking 4. to 5. threw 6. to avoid 7. aches 8. than 9. effective 10. attached 二、完形填空 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 三、阅读理解 Passage 1 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D Passage 2 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B Passage 3 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 定语从句 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 7 拔高·模拟预测 13 真题·命题感知 1.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题） (Drawn) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 63 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：被街头小吃的香味吸引，人们排起长队，站在售卖热腾腾的饺子和热汤面的摊位前。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词stands，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 解题方法 1. 根据语境和句意判断，此空应该是定语从句引导词 ①看到前面为名词，后面又是一个句子时，要想到用定语从句； ②接着判断是修饰人还是物，如果是人，则用who的相关形式；如果是物，则用that / which； ③还要判断关系词在句中做什么成分。 2. 根据空处的位置，确定本空在从句中的成分是作主语，修饰前面的名词stands，表物。 3. 在定语从句中，如果先行词是表人、表物的名词，定语从句引导词常用关系代词。如果先行词是人，可以用who, whom, whose，有时也可以用that；如果先行词是物，则可以用that / which，有时要注意两者的区别，不是任何时候可以换用。 2. （2026·全国II卷·高考真题）We move on to tai chi positions, of 61 there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极拳招式，安吉拉所教的流派中共有42个招式。分析句子结构并结合句意和设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tai chi positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语。先行词指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 解题方法 1. 根据语境和句意判断，此空应该是非限制性定语从句引导词 ①看到前面为名词，后面又是一个句子时，要想到用定语从句； ②在非限制性定语从句中，修饰人时，用who的相关形式；修饰物时，则用which； ③不管关系词在句中做什么成分，介词提前，引导词指人时，只能用whom；指物时，只能用which。 2. 根据空处的位置，确定本空在从句中的成分是主语forty-two的后置定语，修饰前面的名词tai chi positions，表物。 3. 在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是表人、表物的名词，定语从句引导词常用关系代词。如果先行词是人，可以用who, whom, whose，有时也可以用that，但如果从句中介词提前到引导词之前，则只能用whom；如果先行词是物，则可以用that / which，但如果从句中介词提前到引导词之前，则只能用which。 3. (2020·全国I卷·高考真题) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：由于月球本身会阻挡与探测器直接的无线电通信，中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上空的轨道，使其能够向航天器发送信号，并能与地球通信。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spot，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。 解题方法 1. 根据语境和句意判断，此空应该是限制性定语从句引导词 ①看到前面为名词，后面又是一个句子时，要想到用定语从句； ②在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，修饰表示地点的名词时，应该用where；修饰表示时间的名词时，则用when；修饰表示原因的名词时，则用why。 ③此时，从句中不缺主、谓、宾，关系词在从句中做状语。 2. 根据空处的位置，从句中不缺主、谓、宾是完整的，从句中缺的成分是状语，修饰前面表地点的名词spot。 3. 在限制性定语从句中，主、谓、宾是完整的，如果先行词是表时间、表地点或表原因的名词，定语从句引导词常用关系副词when, where, why；如果先行词是表示方式的名词，定语从句引导词遇只能用that, in which，口语中常可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，也一样，只是如果先行词是表原因的词，不能用why，应用for which来代替。但是，即使先行词是表时间、表地点或表原因的名词，如果先行词在从句中做主语或宾语，有时是表语，则只能用which。 进阶·强化演练 考点01 定语从句的关系代词 1.【新情境·中华文化】（2027·江苏南京·一模）As China becomes a major player on the international stage, many people abroad are curious to see how it will showcase its rich culture, symbols include dragon-shaped lanterns, Peking Opera, and even chopsticks. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：随着中国成为国际舞台上的重要力量，许多外国人好奇中国将如何展示其丰富的文化，其文化符号包括龙形灯笼、京剧甚至筷子。此处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词culture，表示“文化的符号”，用关系代词whose作定语。故填whose。 2.（2026·江苏·二模）The most common structural method is found in ancient wooden architecture in China is the mortise and tension joints, or sun mao in Chinese, extensively employed in buildings, furniture, and various other wooden components. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国古代木结构建筑中，最常见的结构方法是榫卯连接，中文称为“榫卯”，广泛应用于建筑、家具和各种其他木制构件。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，修饰先行词method，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that。 3.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Recently, the Italian Writers Association hosted a screening of the documentary Three in the Afternoon: The Global Echo of a Delivery Poet, records Wang Jibing’s journey as a food delivery worker in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, who transforms his daily experiences into poetry. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，意大利作家协会举办了纪录片《下午三点：一位外卖诗人的全球回响》的放映活动，该片记录了江苏昆山外卖员王计兵的经历，他将自己的日常经历转化为诗歌。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the documentary Three in the Afternoon: The Global Echo of a Delivery Poet，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Yao, has decades of experience and has exhibited globally, stressed that they inherit traditions while making great innovations. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有着数十年经验并曾在全球展出的姚惠芬强调，他们既传承传统又进行重大创新。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Yao（指人），且关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词。故填who。 5.（25-26高三下·湖北十堰·阶段检测）Their widespread use, is not only culturally significant but also closely tied to everyday needs, shows how a simple design works. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：圆桌的普及不仅具有深厚文化意义，还和人们的日常需求紧密相关，这一点展现了简约设计的魅力。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Their widespread use（事物），从句缺少主语，只能用关系代词。故填which。 6.（2026·湖北襄阳·模拟预测）Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water-systems _________ reflect the anatomy (解剖) of an ox, (displaying) the human-nature balance. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代建筑，如宏村，融合了水系设计，其布局体现了牛的体态结构。展现人与自然的平衡。此处是定语从句，先行词为water-systems，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that/which。 7.（2026·湖南衡阳·一模）She backed so quickly that she ran right over the girl, screamed as the car pinned (卡住) her in place. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她倒车速度过快，径直从女孩身上碾过，女孩被车身卡在原地，疼得尖叫起来。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the girl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。 8.（2026·湖南长沙·三模）China’s growing appeal was showcased at ITB Berlin 2026, the global tourism trade fair, __________ wrapped up the fair’s 60th anniversary this year. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国日益增长的吸引力在2026年柏林国际旅游交易会上得以充分展现。该展会是全球规模最大的旅游行业贸易盛会，今年恰逢其成立60周年。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ITB Berlin 2026，指物，从句中缺少主语故用which。 9.（25-26高三下·福建福州·阶段检测）Therefore, if you are a fan, you needn’t wait for June to enjoy this treasure, especially when you have a generous family member, is ready to treat you all year long. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：所以如果你爱吃粽子，不必等到六月，尤其当你有一位常年愿意招待你的热心家人。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是family member指代人，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who。 10.（2026·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Abdul Kabir Halimi, journeyed hundreds of kilometers from the remote and mountainous province of Nuristan to Nangarhar University, is now at his HSK 4 level and already speaks Chinese (fluently). 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从偏远山区努里斯坦省跋涉数百公里来到楠格哈尔大学的Abdul Kabir Halimi，现已通过HSK 4级考试，并能流利地说中文。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Abdul Kabir Halimi作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who作引导词。 11.（25-26高三下·江苏无锡·阶段检测）In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, __________ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在古代中国，贵族们享用一种名为“酥山”的特殊冷食，许多学者认为这种食物是最早的冰淇淋形式。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Sushan，在从句作宾语，指物，故填which。 12.（2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）In recent years, Chinese decorative boxes have gained popularity in the global gift and packaging market, unique combination of traditional skills, modern design, and cost-effectiveness has made them the go-to choice for retailers (零售商)and importers. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：近年来，中国装饰盒在全球礼品和包装市场上大受欢迎，其传统工艺、现代设计和成本效益的独特结合使其成为零售商和进口商的首选。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese decorative boxes，且在从句中作定语，修饰unique combination，所以用关系代词whose。故填whose。13.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Hengshui Style, also known as “Hengshui Ti”, is a standardized English handwriting method popularized by students from Hengshui High School strictness and academic excellence are well known in China. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：衡水体是一种标准化的英语书写方法，由衡水中学的学生推广，该校以严格和学术卓越而闻名。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Hengshui High School，且在从句中作定语，表示“学校的”，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 14.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Yet, as one inheritor put it, “Tradition is not a static relic; it is a living river __________ flows forward.” 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如一位传承人所说：“传统不是静态的遗迹；它是一条向前流淌的活河。” ‌“_____ flows forward”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“‌a living river”，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 15.（2026·湖南长沙·二模）Taking the MBTI can provide a lot of insight into your personality, which is probably the reason the MBTI is one of the world’s most widely used (psychological) instruments today. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：进行MBTI测试能够帮助我们深入了解自己的性格特点，这也是为什么MBTI如今已成为全球使用最为广泛的心理测试工具之一的原因所在。此空应该是定语从句引导词，修饰前面的原因名词the reason，且从句结构完整，应该用关系副词引导。故填why。 考点02 定语从句的关系副词 1.（2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）The story of Lei family started in the early days of the Qing Dynasty __________ Lei Fada and his relatives from Nanjing were ordered (to rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：雷氏家族的故事开始于清初，雷发达和他的亲戚从南京被命令重建紫禁城的太和宫。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the early days of the Qing Dynasty，关系副词when引导从句，在从句中作时间状语。 2.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）After his victory in Race 1, he led from the front to finish nearly four seconds clear of the field, he returned the following day to claim Race 2. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在第一场比赛中，他从头领先，最终以近四秒的优势完胜对手，随后在第二天，他又回来赢得了第二场比赛。此空引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Race 1作补充说明，此处在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 3.（2026·江苏徐州·三模）It began building its digital economic ecosystem in the early 2000s, __________ Internet companies such as Alibaba expanded rapidly. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：21世纪初，随着阿里巴巴等互联网公司的迅速扩张，杭州开始构建其数字经济生态系统。此处为定语从句，先行词是“the early 2000s”，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。 4. （2026·浙江杭州·二模）The primary reason __________ the ambitious young man ultimately decided to give up the highly-paid job offer in the big city was that he deeply believed in the potential of rural development. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个雄心勃勃的年轻人最终决定放弃大城市那份高薪工作邀请的主要原因，是他深信农村发展的潜力。根据句子结构和句意来看，此空应该是定语从句，修饰其前的名词reason，表示原因。故填why。 5.（2026·浙江杭州·三模）For Patrick Parsons, (an) Irishman, this time-honored Lingnan routine is not only a window to a different culture he has immersed himself for more than two decades, but a deeply rooted part of everyday life. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对于爱尔兰人帕特里克·帕森斯来说，这种历史悠久的岭南传统不仅是一扇通向一种不同文化的窗口，二十多年来他一直沉浸其中，而且是他日常生活中根深蒂固的一部分。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a different culture”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。 6.（2026·江苏无锡·二模）The real reason so many teenagers today are increasingly addicted to short videos on their smartphones is that these platforms are deliberately designed to capture and hold their attention for as long as possible. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如今如此多的青少年日益沉迷于智能手机上的短视频，其真正原因是这些平台被刻意设计成尽可能长时间地吸引并留住他们的注意力。根据句子结构和句意来看，此空应该是定语从句，修饰其前的名词the real reason，表示原因。故填why。 7.（2026·江苏无锡·三模）This reflects a rising trend in Western fashion, Chinese features such as the Mandarin collar (立领), frog buttons, and symmetrical (对称的) fronts are appearing. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这反映出西方时尚界的一种新兴潮流，立领、盘扣、对称衣身等中式元素频频出现。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点的trend，从句缺状语，用关系副词where引导。 8.（2026·湖南长沙·模拟预测）The most moving moment came Song Yingxing took off his official robe (官袍) and stepped into a “field” formed by the other dancers. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句/连词。句意：最感人的时刻出现在宋应星脱下官袍，走进由其他舞者组成的“田野”时。此处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，应用连词when。故填when。 9.（2026·江苏南通·模拟预测）In the North China Plain, wheat is a major crop, farmers have been busy preparing the soil, carefully tested and certified by local agricultural stations, (for) a good harvest. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在华北平原，小麦是主要作物，农民们一直在忙着准备土壤，这些土壤都经过了当地农业站的仔细测试和认证，以期获得好收成。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the North China Plain，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Unlike people in some fast-paced societies convenience dominates, many Chinese people prefer daily visits to local markets for the finest produce. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：与一些快节奏社会中那些以便捷性为至上原则的人们不同，许多中国人更倾向于每天去当地的市场采购最优质的农产品。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词societies，在从句作地点状语，用where引导该从句。故填where。 考点03 定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构 1.（2026·江苏·一模）There are numerous traditional lifestyle customs in Chinese culture, among __________ sun-drying clothes occupies a special place. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国文化中有无数传统生活方式，其中晒衣服占据着特殊地位。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为customs，指物，且关系词位于介词among之后，作介词的宾语。 2.（25-26高三上·福建福州·阶段检测）At his company in Huangquan town, Nanzheng district of Hanzhong, villagers have been busy preparing summer products, among fans have been particularly popular recently. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在汉中市南郑区黄泉镇的他的公司里，村民们一直忙着准备夏季产品，其中风扇最近特别受欢迎。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词summer products，作介词among的宾语，应用关系代词which。 3.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Food bloggers, some of travel across Italy to review his menu, say that Chinese cuisine has introduced them to new ways of approaching food. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一些美食博主不远万里穿越意大利，专程来品鉴他的菜单，他们表示中餐让他们领略到了全新的饮食方式。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Food bloggers”，指人；关系词位于介词“of”之后作宾语，应用关系代词whom来引导。故填whom。 4.（2026·江苏·二模）My father, without  I could not have achieved so much, has always been my role model. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的父亲，没有他我不可能取得这么多成就，一直是我的榜样。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，without提前，表示“（如果）没有他”，虚拟语气的表达方式。修饰前面的名词my father。故填whom。 5.（2026·广东深圳·模拟预测）Considering her audience’s unfamiliarity with Chinese songs, Peng made adaptations, for she received positive responses. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：考虑到听众对中文歌曲的不熟悉，彭改编了一些歌曲，并获得了积极的反响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是adaptations，指物，关系词在定语从句中作for的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·皇家建筑保护】（2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）There was a legendary (传奇的) family responsible for the construction of imperial (皇家的) buildings, 1 (include) many of the China’s current UNESCO world heritage sites for over 200 years. Their family name was Lei, 2 (respectful) called “Yangshi Lei”, a term for the emperor’s head architect. The story of Lei family started in the early days of the Qing Dynasty 3 Lei Fada and his relatives from Nanjing were ordered 4 (rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. With his significant skills, his reputation began to spread widely. Lei Jinyu, his son, also made great 5 (achieve) like Yuanmingyuan. From 1736 to 1796, the generation of Lei family designed many buildings from that time. By the time the last architect of the family took office in the 6 (twenty) century, they 7 (complete) famous buildings such as the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace, 8 the Chengde Mountain Resort. In 2007, UNESCO added “Yangshi Lei” into 9 list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Humanity, for its 10 (influence) status in the field of Chinese traditional architecture. The architecture of the family will be shining through the age. 【答案】1. including 2. respectfully 3. when 4. to rebuild 5. achievements 6. twentieth 7. had completed 8. and 9. the 10. influential 【导语】文章介绍了传奇的雷氏家族。雷发达是明末清初的一位建筑工匠，曾参与故宫太和殿等工程的重建。其后代继承其业，主持宫廷建造工作达200余年，圆明园和颐和园中大部分建筑均为雷氏设计，被誉为“样式雷”。 【解析】 1. 考查介词。句意：有一个传奇家族，曾负责建造皇家建筑，包括中国许多如今被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产的古迹，这一历史长达200多年。表示“包括”用介词including。 2. 考查副词。句意：他们姓雷，尊称“样式雷”，是皇帝的首席建筑师。修饰过去分词called应用副词respectfully。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：雷氏家族的故事开始于清初，雷发达和他的亲戚从南京被命令重建紫禁城的太和宫。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the early days of the Qing Dynasty，关系副词when引导从句，在从句中作时间状语。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：雷氏家族的故事开始于清初，雷发达和他的亲戚从南京被命令重建紫禁城的太和宫。order sb to do sth.表示“命令某人干某事”是固定用法，本句为其被动结构be ordered to do sth.。 5. 考查名词。句意：他的儿子雷金玉也取得了像圆明园一样的成就。根据前文made great可知，此处应用其名词形式achievement作宾语，此处achievement“成就，功绩”是可数名词，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指，故用复数。 6. 考查序数词。句意：到二十世纪时，家族最后一位建筑师上任时，他们已经完成了天坛、颐和园以及承德山度假村等著名建筑。此处表示“第二十世纪”用序数词twentieth。 7. 考查时态。句意：到二十世纪时，家族最后一位建筑师上任时，他们已经完成了天坛、颐和园以及承德山度假村等著名建筑。表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。 8. 考查连词。句意：到二十世纪时，家族最后一位建筑师上任时，他们已经完成了天坛、颐和园以及承德山度假村等著名建筑。此处the Temple of Heaven、the Summer Palace与the Chengde Mountain Resort为并列关系，用连词and。 9. 考查冠词。句意：2007年，联合国教科文组织将“样式雷”列入人类非物质文化遗产名录，因其在中国传统建筑领域具有重要影响。根据句意和后文介词短语of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Humanity的定语修饰可知，名词list为特指概念，应用定冠词限定。故填the。 10. 考查形容词。句意：2007年，联合国教科文组织将“样式雷”列入人类非物质文化遗产名录，因其在中国传统建筑领域具有重要影响。修饰名词status用形容词influential。 Passage 2 （2026·山东济南·模拟预测） The market for wearable technology in the past few years has been on a rapid rise. We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices. 1 is it a good thing that we’re relying on technology more often than not, recording every step we take? Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits? The real questions surround not the 2 (wear), but the wearer. The challenge for athletes 3 (look) to up their game with data is finding the type of information that is most helpful. If you are hoping to run faster and want to try moderating your pace based on heart rate “zones,” a wearable can help you do so. However, for professionals and those who are new 4 working out, less is more. Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U.S. Olympic marathon trials, actually 5 (throw) away her GPS watch midrace 6 (avoid) distraction. Similarly, for beginner runners, it’s more important to learn to listen to your body’s signals — tiredness, 7 (ache), bursts of energy — 8 to track your pace or heart rate. Depending on what those goals are, there might be ways to achieve them that are more cost 9 (effect), more fun, more convenient. Dr. Ethan Weiss, a physician at the University of California tells his patients that a different item 10 (attach) at your wrist, like a leash, is more likely to pull you toward more activity. 【答案】1. But 2. wearable 3. looking 4. to 5. threw 6. to avoid 7. aches 8. than 9. effective 10. attached 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕可穿戴技术及其对运动员和锻炼者的影响进行了讨论。作者提出了关于可穿戴技术是否真的能最大化锻炼效果的问题，并通过专业马拉松运动员和初学者的例子，探讨了过多依赖数据可能带来的问题。 【解析】 1. 考查连词。句意：但是，我们更多地依赖于技术，记录我们的每一步，这是一件好事吗？空前“We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices.”和空后“is it a good thing that we’re relying on technology more often than not, recording every step we take?”之间为转折关系，用连词but连接；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填But。 2. 考查形容词。句意：真正的问题不在于可穿戴设备，而在于穿戴者本身。分析句子成分，根据句意可知，空处考查“定冠词+形容词”，表示一类人或事物。本句指的是可穿戴设备，用the+ wearable。故填wearable。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于想要用数据提升比赛水平的运动员而言，面临的挑战是找到最有帮助的信息类型。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“athlete”和动词“look”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填looking。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：然而，对于专业人士和那些刚开始锻炼的人来说，少即是多。固定短语：be new to，意为“刚开始做某事，初学乍练的”，符合句意。故填to。 5. 考查时态。句意：本月早些时候，参加美国奥运会马拉松选拔赛的职业马拉松运动员Sara Hall为了避免分心，竟然在比赛中途扔掉了她的GPS手表。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“earlier this month”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填threw。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：本月早些时候，参加美国奥运会马拉松选拔赛的职业马拉松运动员Sara Hall为了避免分心，竟然在比赛中途扔掉了她的GPS手表。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to avoid。 7. 考查名词的复数。句意：同样，对于跑步初学者来说，学会倾听你身体的信号——疲劳、疼痛、能量爆发——比跟踪你的速度或心率更重要。分析句子成分可知，ache“疼痛”为可数名词，应用名词的复数形式。故填aches。 8. 考查固定搭配。句意：同样，对于跑步初学者来说，学会倾听你身体的信号——疲劳、疼痛、能量爆发——比跟踪你的速度或心率更重要。根据上文的“more important”可知，空处填“than”，构成固定搭配：more…than…，意为“比……更……”，符合句意。故填than。 9. 考查形容词。句意：根据目标的不同，可能会有一些成本更低、更有趣、更方便的方法来实现这些目标。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，和下文“fun、convenient”并列，作表语。故填effective。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：加州大学的内科医生 Ethan Weiss博士告诉他的病人，在手腕上系一条不同的东西，比如皮带，更有可能把你拉向更多的活动。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a different item”和动词“attach”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填attached。 二、完形填空 （25-26高三上·浙江丽水·期末）One day, I experienced something that caused me to lose my temper, to the point that I was in tears. So frustrated was I that I reached out to a dear and 1 friend to ask for advice on how to let go of 2 . And then, I went for a long walk. As I walked, I 3 my anger and what may have caused it. I heard my friend’s voice saying “drop into the heart space”, a space that love booms and if we allow it, it will   4 our hurts. It is my 5 that hate cannot grow where love 6 . I allowed my mind to follow that love and to review what the 7 of my anger was. I realized my anger is the result of many emotions that are normal. There is a 8 of being overwhelmed, frustrated, tired and there is sorrow 9 as well. And perhaps the sorrow is the biggest one. For example, it is not easy to 10 a parent’s falling weak even when I recognize that it is part of the cycle of life. I had not acknowledged my sorrow until a friend 11 that it was part of my anger, and she was correct. I am grateful for having friends I can reach out  for 12 and comfort. I am now able to 13 my anger, to drop into the heart space, to send out love and light, and to let go of any frustration rather than to 14 my anger. I know it will get easier if I am 15 with myself and allow the healing that is needed to happen. 1. A. respectable B. honest C. famous D. trusted 2. A. tiredness B. regret C. anger D. blame 3. A. looked into B. reflected on C. thought of D. picked up 4. A. accept B. provide C. heal D. affect 5. A. belief B. excuse C. dream D. proposal 6. A. calls B. shines C. joins D. approaches 7. A. point B. result C. root D. influence 8. A. mixture B. link C. combination D. chance 9. A. offered B. shared C. connected D. involved 10. A. watch B. follow C. push D. prevent 11. A. joked B. suggested C. implied D. proved 12. A. contribution B. praise C. devotion D. support 13. A. envision B. understand C. admit D. value 14. A. fuel B. stop C. gather D. inspire 15. A. bored B. active C. gentle D. honest 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是作者在感到愤怒的时候向朋友寻求建议，在朋友的帮助下，作者理解了愤怒，知道了应该进入内心世界，放下沮丧，不助长愤怒。 【详解】 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常沮丧，于是我向一位亲爱的、值得信赖的朋友寻求如何释放愤怒的建议。A. respectable值得尊敬的；B. honest诚实的；C. famous出名的； D. trusted值得信赖的。根据下文“I am grateful for having friends I can reach out to for ___12___ and comfort”可知，作者向值得信赖的朋友寻求如何释放愤怒的建议。故选D。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常沮丧，于是我向一位亲爱的、值得信赖的朋友寻求如何释放愤怒的建议。A. tiredness疲劳；B. regret后悔；C. anger愤怒； D. blame责备。根据下文“my anger”可知，作者向值得信赖的朋友寻求如何释放愤怒的建议。故选C。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：走着走着，我反思着自己的愤怒，以及愤怒的原因。A. looked into调查；B. reflected on思考，反思；C. thought of想出；D. picked up捡起。根据下文“what may have caused it”可知，作者反思着自己的愤怒。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听到朋友的声音说：“进入心灵空间”，一个爱蓬勃发展的空间，如果我们允许它，它会治愈我们的伤痛。A. accept接受；B. provide提供；C. heal治愈；D. affect影响。根据上文“love booms”和下文“our hurts”可知，爱可以治愈我们的伤痛。且下文“allow the healing that is needed to happen.”也是提示。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信，爱的光辉可以防止滋生仇恨。A. belief相信；B. excuse借口；C. dream梦想；D. proposal提议。根据下文“I allowed my mind to follow that love”可知，作者相信，爱的光辉可以防止滋生仇恨。故选A。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信，爱的光辉可以防止滋生仇恨。A. calls打电话；B. shines照耀；C. joins加入；D. approaches接近。根据上文“love booms”可知，爱的光辉可以防止滋生仇恨，空格处意为“照耀”。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我让自己的思想追随这份爱，审视愤怒的根源是什么。A. point要点；B. result结果；C. root根源；D. influence影响。根据下文“I realized my anger is the result of many emotions that are normal”可知，作者审视愤怒的根源是什么。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你会感到不知所措、沮丧、疲惫，也会感到悲伤。A. mixture混合；B. link联系；C. combination结合；D. chance机会。根据下文“being overwhelmed, frustrated, tired”可知，你会感到不知所措、沮丧、疲惫，也就是这几种情绪都有，空格处意为“结合”。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你会感到不知所措、沮丧、疲惫，也会感到悲伤。A. offered提供；B. shared分享；C. connected连接；D. involved包含。根据上文“being overwhelmed, frustrated, tired and there is sorrow”可知，你会感到不知所措、沮丧、疲惫，也会感到悲伤，即也会包括悲伤，空格处意为“包含”。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，看着父母变虚弱对我来说不容易，即使我意识到这是生命周期的一部分A. watch观看；B. follow跟随；C. push推；D. prevent阻止。根据下文“a parent’s falling weak”可知，看着父母变虚弱是不容易的。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到一位朋友说这是我愤怒的一部分，我才承认自己的悲伤，她说对了。A. joked开玩笑；B. suggested表明；C. implied暗示；D. proved证明。根据下文“that it was part of my anger, and she was correct”可知，一位朋友说这是作者愤怒的一部分，空格处意为“表明”。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很感激有朋友可以寻求支持和安慰。A. contribution贡献；B. praise表扬；C. devotion奉献；D. support支持。根据上文“I reached out to a dear and ___1___ friend to ask for advice”可知，作者很感激有朋友可以寻求支持和安慰。故选D。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在能够理解我的愤怒，进入内心空间，发出爱和光，放下任何沮丧，而不是助长我的愤怒。A. envision想象；B. understand理解；C. admit承认；D. value尊重，重视。根据下文“to drop into the heart space, to send out love and light, and to go of any frustration”可知，作者现在能够理解自己的愤怒。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在能够理解我的愤怒，进入内心空间，发出爱和光，放下任何沮丧，而不是助长我的愤怒。A. fuel刺激，加剧；B. stop停止；C. gather聚集；D. inspire鼓舞。根据上文“let go of any frustration”可知，作者放下任何挫折，而不是助长愤怒。故选A。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道，如果我对自己温和一点，让需要的疗愈发生，事情会变得更容易。A. bored无聊的；B. active积极的；C. gentle温和的；D. honest诚实的。根据上文“drop into the heart space, to send out love and light, and to let go of any frustration”和下文“allow the healing that is needed to happen”可知，此处表示“如果我对自己温和一点，让需要的疗愈发生，事情会变得更容易”。故选C。 三、阅读理解 Passage 1 （2026·福建福州·模拟预测） — 3 tablespoons butter — 2 eggs — 2 medium carrots — 1 small white onion — 3 cloves garlic — 4 cups cooked and chilled rice I bet you didn’t read those numbers. I’ll let you in on a secret — I didn’t either. The ingredients above were copied and pasted from the first online search result for “fried rice recipe”. But, without any disrespect to the recipe’s owner, I can tell you it’s wrong. The only true fried rice recipe is no recipe at all. There are no measurements, no exact instructions, no timer for how long something should sizzle in the pan. There are only smells and feelings and memories. I learned to cook fried rice on the rickety stool covered in stickers, surrounded by the scents of my Grandma’s apron. We used however much leftover rice we had and a combination of anything and everything sitting in the fridge. The kitchen was always a little messy, but that was part of the fun. Yet I’ve always been more of a baker than a cook. I enjoy recipes — I enjoy the process of being exact and finding details, adjusting and leveling and weighing. From a young age, I found comfort in the careful baking recipes in Western cookbooks. But I understand the beauty of spontaneity (即兴) and organic creation. There’s something special in realizing that no two recreations of my grandma’s fried rice will ever be the same, and really, isn’t that what life is? Creation, without recipe? It’s funny. This may contradict everything I’ve written thus far, but the more I bake, the more I realize perhaps baking is spontaneous too. I don’t always need to weigh my flour beforehand in order to get perfect cookies. My signature food is cupcake, but I challenged myself to use a different recipe every time. You’d be surprised at how different cupcakes taste when you add an extra egg, and you’d be especially uncertain about my baking skills if you tried my cupcakes that had way too much baking soda (trial and error…). I’m learning to love going with the flow. It’s not mutually exclusive with loving precision, and it’s such an integral part of my culture; I’d be missing out otherwise. Coming to terms with and embracing the unknown is scary, but I assure you: One day, I’ll master my own fried rice. 1. What does the author think of the fried rice recipe? A. It provides inaccurate details. B. It includes too many ingredients. C. It misses the essence of cooking. D. It contradicts the basics of cuisine. 2. The author enjoys baking because of ______. A. her hope to pass recipes on B. her love of precision and detail C. her interest in a different culture D. her desire to honour family traditions 3. The author’s cupcake experiments made her more ______. A. open-minded B. organized C. confident D. clear-headed 4. What can we learn from this passage? A. Fond memories make a dish tasty. B. Precision and creativity are inseparable. C. Creativity prospers where rules end. D. Life doesn’t always come with a recipe. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者认为炒饭无固定食谱，靠感觉与回忆制作。她偏爱烘焙的精准，也逐渐接受即兴创作，明白精准与随性可共存，生活本就没有固定配方。 【详解】 1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The only true fried rice recipe is no recipe at all. There are no measurements, no exact instructions, no timer for how long something should sizzle in the pan. There are only smells and feelings and memories.(唯一正宗的炒饭做法其实根本就没有固定的步骤。没有具体的用量，没有精确的步骤说明，也没有关于食材在锅中翻炒时间的计时器。有的只是各种气味、感受和回忆)”可知，作者认为这份炒饭的食谱忽略了烹饪的精髓所在。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“I enjoy recipes — I enjoy the process of being exact and finding details, adjusting and leveling and weighing.(我喜欢研究食谱 —— 我享受那种精准操作、捕捉细节、不断调整、找平、称重的过程。)”可知，这位作者喜欢烘焙，因为她对精确性和细节有着浓厚的兴趣。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My signature food is cupcake, but I challenged myself to use a different recipe every time.(我的招牌菜（拿手菜）是纸杯蛋糕，但我每次都尝试使用不同的配方来制作)”以及最后一段“I’m learning to love going with the flow.(我正在学着享受顺其自然的生活方式)”可知，作者的纸杯蛋糕实验让她变得更加开明。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第六段“There’s something special in realizing that no two recreations of my grandma’s fried rice will ever be the same, and really, isn’t that what life is? Creation, without recipe? (当意识到我奶奶的炒饭每次的制作方式都不尽相同时，我感到非常惊喜。而说到底，这不正是生活的样子吗？没有固定的模式，却能创造出独一无二的成果)”可知，文章告诉我们生活并非总是有固定的“配方”可循。故选D。 Passage 2 （2027·江苏南京·一模）Krystal Sheehan, 23 years old, loves walking dogs, feeding them cream, and cuddling (拥抱，搂抱) with them on her couch. However, she does not keep a dog, as she cannot commit to its daily care. Instead, nearly every week, she borrows a dog from a local animal shelter through a program called Shelter Skip Day, run by the Brandywine Valley SPCA. This service lets people take shelter dogs out for a few hours without making a lifelong commitment. It is one of many similar programs spreading across the United States. Psychologist Kerri Rodriguez explains that just five or ten minutes with a dog can lift people’s moods and lower stress. When humans and dogs interact, levels of oxytocin — often called the “love hormone” — rise in both. The unconditional love dogs offer, she says, can be deeply therapeutic (有疗愈作用的). Most shelters provide volunteers with leashes (拴狗链), waste bags, treats, toys, and water bowls. New York City’s shelter program, called BoroughBreak, even uses bingo cards with fun activities and offers small rewards for participants. These outings also help crowded shelters: dogs who spend time in public, wearing “Adopt Me” vests, become more visible and more likely to find permanent homes. Krystal first joined Shelter Skip Day after seeing a post on Facebook. Growing up, she had a dog named Angel, and she missed having a canine (犬的) companion. After spending two hours with a puppy named Jetta, she and her boyfriend Tycho Janssen were bewitched. They have since borrowed dogs nearly 20 times. They follow one simple rule: every dog gets a pup cup of cream. If the dog is energetic, they go hiking or playing at the park. If the dog is calm, they stay home and cuddle. By 4 p.m., they must return the dog to the shelter. Many dogs are so tired that they fall asleep on the ride back. Krystal often sits in the back seat to cuddle them a little longer. Each time she returns a dog, Krystal feels sad. But she knows she does not have to wait long. The following week, she can do it all again — walking, feeding, and loving a new four-legged friend, one short, perfect day at a time. 5. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? A. The program gets support from well-known psychologists. B. Most young people fail to look after a pet dog at home. C. The shelters offer everything to the homeless dog. D. The program creates a win-win situation for humans and dogs. 6. What does the underlined word “bewitched” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Fascinated. B. Relieved. C. Concerned. D. Moved. 7. Which of the following best describes Krystal Sheehan based on her actions? A. Loving and considerate. B. Disciplined and responsible. C. Independent and patient. D. Merciful and ambitious. 8. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Proper Ways: To Raise and Care for Dogs. B. A Special Practice: Shelter Skip Day. C. Simple Methods: To Lower People’s Stress. D. Great Importance: Adopting Homeless Dogs. 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“Shelter Skip Day”项目及其积极意义。 【详解】 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This service lets people take shelter dogs out for a few hours without making a lifelong commitment.(这项服务让人们可以带着收容所的狗出去几个小时，而无需做出终身承诺。)”以及第二段中“These outings also help crowded shelters: dogs who spend time in public, wearing “Adopt Me” vests, become more visible and more likely to find permanent homes.(这些外出活动也有助于拥挤的收容所：那些在公共场合戴着“收养我”背心的狗更容易被看到，也更有可能找到永久的家。)”可知，这个项目既让人们可以与狗相处，又帮助了收容所的狗，为人类和狗创造了一个双赢的局面。故选D。 6. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“After spending two hours with a puppy named Jetta, she and her boyfriend Tycho Janssen were bewitched. They have since borrowed dogs nearly 20 times.(在和一只名叫Jetta的小狗相处了两个小时后，她和男友Tycho Janssen bewitched。从那以后，他们借了近20次狗。)”可知，她和男友与小狗相处后，很喜欢小狗，所以借了很多次狗，由此可推测出bewitched意为“着迷的”，与Fascinated意思相近。故选A。 7. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“They follow one simple rule: every dog gets a pup cup of cream. If the dog is energetic, they go hiking or playing at the park. If the dog is calm, they stay home and cuddle.(他们遵循一个简单的规则：每只狗都能得到一杯奶油。如果狗精力充沛，他们就去远足或在公园里玩。如果狗很安静，他们就呆在家里拥抱。)”以及“Krystal often sits in the back seat to cuddle them a little longer.(Krystal经常坐在后座上，多抱它们一会儿。)”可知，Krystal很爱狗，并且很体贴，根据狗的状态来选择不同的相处方式。故选A。 8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Instead, nearly every week, she borrows a dog from a local animal shelter through a program called Shelter Skip Day, run by the Brandywine Valley SPCA.(相反，她几乎每周都会通过一个名为“Shelter Skip Day”的项目从当地动物收容所借一只狗，该项目由Brandywine Valley SPCA运营。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一个名为“Shelter Skip Day”的项目，这个项目让人们可以带着收容所的狗出去几个小时，而无需做出终身承诺，既让人们可以与狗相处，又帮助了收容所的狗。所以B选项“A Special Practice: Shelter Skip Day (一个特殊的做法：Shelter Skip Day)”最符合文章主旨。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）When engineers struggle to design a quieter high-speed train, they often look to the sky. Specifically, they look at the kingfisher, a bird that can dive into water with barely a splash. This approach is called biomimicry — innovation inspired by nature. It is based on the idea that after 3.8 billion years of evolution, nature has already solved many of the problems we face today. One of the most famous examples of biomimicry is the Japanese Shinkansen bullet train. Originally, the train created a loud sonic boom when exiting tunnels due to air pressure build-up. An engineer, who was also a bird-watcher, redesigned the train’s nose to mimic the long, sharp beak of the kingfisher. This change not only eliminated the noise but also made the train 10% faster and 15% more energy-efficient. Another fascinating application is in architecture. The Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe uses a cooling system inspired by termite mounds. Termites maintain a constant temperature inside their mounds despite the fluctuating heat outside by opening and closing a series of heating and cooling vents. Similarly, the Eastgate Centre uses natural convection currents to regulate temperature, using 90% less energy than conventional buildings of the same size. Biomimicry is not just about copying shapes; it is about understanding the principles behind them. As we face global challenges like climate change and resource depletion, looking to nature for sustainable solutions is becoming more critical. From Velcro, which was inspired by burrs sticking to a dog’s fur, to wind turbine blades modeled after whale fins, nature proves to be the ultimate research and development laboratory. 9. Why does the author mention the kingfisher in Paragraph 1? A. To explain how birds catch fish in the water. B. To introduce the concept of biomimicry. C. To describe the habitat of the kingfisher. D. To compare birds with high-speed trains. 10. What was the result of redesigning the Shinkansen train? A. It became quieter and more efficient. B. It could carry more passengers. C. It became slower but safer. D. It eliminated the need for tunnels. 11. How does the Eastgate Centre save energy? A. By using solar panels on the roof. B. By copying the termite’s method of temperature control. C. By planting trees around the building. D. By using materials from termite mounds. 12. What is the author’s attitude towards biomimicry? A. Skeptical. B. Indifferent. C. Critical. D. Positive. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 【导语】文章主要讲述了仿生学的概念及其在工程和建筑领域的应用实例。 【详解】 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This approach is called biomimicry — innovation inspired by nature. It is based on the idea that after 3.8 billion years of evolution, nature has already solved many of the problems we face today. (这种方法被称为仿生学——受自然启发的创新。它基于这样一种理念：经过38亿年的进化，自然已经解决了我们今天面临的许多问题)”可知，作者在第一段提到翠鸟是为了介绍仿生学的概念。 10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This change not only eliminated the noise but also made the train 10% faster and 15% more energy-efficient.(这一改变不仅消除了噪音，还使火车速度提高了10%，能源效率提高了15%。)”可知，重新设计新干线列车的结果是它变得更安静、更高效。故选A。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe uses a cooling system inspired by termite mounds. Termites maintain a constant temperature inside their mounds despite the fluctuating heat outside by opening and closing a series of heating and cooling vents. Similarly, the Eastgate Centre uses natural convection currents to regulate temperature, using 90% less energy than conventional buildings of the same size. (津巴布韦的Eastgate Centre使用了一种受白蚁丘启发的冷却系统。白蚁通过打开和关闭一系列加热和冷却通风口来保持蚁丘内部的恒温，尽管外部热量波动。同样，Eastgate Centre利用自然对流来调节温度，比同等规模的传统建筑节省90%的能源)”可知，Eastgate Centre通过模仿白蚁的温度控制方法来节省能源。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As we face global challenges like climate change and resource depletion, looking to nature for sustainable solutions is becoming more critical. From Velcro, which was inspired by burrs sticking to a dog's fur, to wind turbine blades modeled after whale fins, nature proves to be the ultimate research and development laboratory.(当我们面临气候变化和资源枯竭等全球挑战时，从自然界寻找可持续解决方案变得越来越重要。从受狗毛上粘着的苍耳启发而发明的魔术贴，到模仿鲸鱼鳍的风力涡轮机叶片，大自然被证明是终极的研发实验室)”可知，作者对仿生学持积极态度。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 定语从句 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 7 拔高·模拟预测 13 真题·命题感知 1.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题） (Drawn) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 63 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 解题方法 1. 根据语境和句意判断，此空应该是定语从句引导词 ①看到前面为名词，后面又是一个句子时，要想到用定语从句； ②接着判断是修饰人还是物，如果是人，则用who的相关形式；如果是物，则用that / which； ③还要判断关系词在句中做什么成分。 2. 根据空处的位置，确定本空在从句中的成分是作主语，修饰前面的名词stands，表物。 3. 在定语从句中，如果先行词是表人、表物的名词，定语从句引导词常用关系代词。如果先行词是人，可以用who, whom, whose，有时也可以用that；如果先行词是物，则可以用that / which，有时要注意两者的区别，不是任何时候可以换用。 2. （2026·全国II卷·高考真题）We move on to tai chi positions, of 61 there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 解题方法 1. 根据语境和句意判断，此空应该是非限制性定语从句引导词 ①看到前面为名词，后面又是一个句子时，要想到用定语从句； ②在非限制性定语从句中，修饰人时，用who的相关形式；修饰物时，则用which； ③不管关系词在句中做什么成分，介词提前，引导词指人时，只能用whom；指物时，只能用which。 2. 根据空处的位置，确定本空在从句中的成分是主语forty-two的后置定语，修饰前面的名词tai chi positions，表物。 3. 在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是表人、表物的名词，定语从句引导词常用关系代词。如果先行词是人，可以用who, whom, whose，有时也可以用that，但如果从句中介词提前到引导词之前，则只能用whom；如果先行词是物，则可以用that / which，但如果从句中介词提前到引导词之前，则只能用which。 3. (2020·全国I卷·高考真题) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 解题方法 1. 根据语境和句意判断，此空应该是限制性定语从句引导词 ①看到前面为名词，后面又是一个句子时，要想到用定语从句； ②在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，修饰表示地点的名词时，应该用where；修饰表示时间的名词时，则用when；修饰表示原因的名词时，则用why。 ③此时，从句中不缺主、谓、宾，关系词在从句中做状语。 2. 根据空处的位置，从句中不缺主、谓、宾是完整的，从句中缺的成分是状语，修饰前面表地点的名词spot。 3. 在限制性定语从句中，主、谓、宾是完整的，如果先行词是表时间、表地点或表原因的名词，定语从句引导词常用关系副词when, where, why；如果先行词是表示方式的名词，定语从句引导词遇只能用that, in which，口语中常可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，也一样，只是如果先行词是表原因的词，不能用why，应用for which来代替。但是，即使先行词是表时间、表地点或表原因的名词，如果先行词在从句中做主语或宾语，有时是表语，则只能用which。 进阶·强化演练 考点01 定语从句的关系代词 1.【新情境·中华文化】（2027·江苏南京·一模）As China becomes a major player on the international stage, many people abroad are curious to see how it will showcase its rich culture, symbols include dragon-shaped lanterns, Peking Opera, and even chopsticks. 2.（2026·江苏·二模）The most common structural method is found in ancient wooden architecture in China is the mortise and tension joints, or sun mao in Chinese, extensively employed in buildings, furniture, and various other wooden components. 3.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Recently, the Italian Writers Association hosted a screening of the documentary Three in the Afternoon: The Global Echo of a Delivery Poet, records Wang Jibing’s journey as a food delivery worker in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, who transforms his daily experiences into poetry. 4.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Yao, has decades of experience and has exhibited globally, stressed that they inherit traditions while making great innovations. 5.（25-26高三下·湖北十堰·阶段检测）Their widespread use, is not only culturally significant but also closely tied to everyday needs, shows how a simple design works. 6.（2026·湖北襄阳·模拟预测）Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water-systems _________ reflect the anatomy (解剖) of an ox, (displaying) the human-nature balance. 7.（2026·湖南衡阳·一模）She backed so quickly that she ran right over the girl, screamed as the car pinned (卡住) her in place. 8.（2026·湖南长沙·三模）China’s growing appeal was showcased at ITB Berlin 2026, the global tourism trade fair, __________ wrapped up the fair’s 60th anniversary this year. 9.（25-26高三下·福建福州·阶段检测）Therefore, if you are a fan, you needn’t wait for June to enjoy this treasure, especially when you have a generous family member, is ready to treat you all year long. 10.（2026·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Abdul Kabir Halimi, journeyed hundreds of kilometers from the remote and mountainous province of Nuristan to Nangarhar University, is now at his HSK 4 level and already speaks Chinese (fluently). 11.（25-26高三下·江苏无锡·阶段检测）In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, __________ many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. 12.（2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）In recent years, Chinese decorative boxes have gained popularity in the global gift and packaging market, unique combination of traditional skills, modern design, and cost-effectiveness has made them the go-to choice for retailers (零售商)and importers. 13.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）Hengshui Style, also known as “Hengshui Ti”, is a standardized English handwriting method popularized by students from Hengshui High School strictness and academic excellence are well known in China. 14.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Yet, as one inheritor put it, “Tradition is not a static relic; it is a living river __________ flows forward.” 15.（2026·湖南长沙·二模）Taking the MBTI can provide a lot of insight into your personality, which is probably the reason the MBTI is one of the world’s most widely used (psychological) instruments today. 考点02 定语从句的关系副词 1.（2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）The story of Lei family started in the early days of the Qing Dynasty __________ Lei Fada and his relatives from Nanjing were ordered (to rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. 2.（2026·浙江宁波·三模）After his victory in Race 1, he led from the front to finish nearly four seconds clear of the field, he returned the following day to claim Race 2. 3.（2026·江苏徐州·三模）It began building its digital economic ecosystem in the early 2000s, __________ Internet companies such as Alibaba expanded rapidly. 4. （2026·浙江杭州·二模）The primary reason __________ the ambitious young man ultimately decided to give up the highly-paid job offer in the big city was that he deeply believed in the potential of rural development. 5.（2026·浙江杭州·三模）For Patrick Parsons, (an) Irishman, this time-honored Lingnan routine is not only a window to a different culture he has immersed himself for more than two decades, but a deeply rooted part of everyday life. 6.（2026·江苏无锡·二模）The real reason so many teenagers today are increasingly addicted to short videos on their smartphones is that these platforms are deliberately designed to capture and hold their attention for as long as possible. 7.（2026·江苏无锡·三模）This reflects a rising trend in Western fashion, Chinese features such as the Mandarin collar (立领), frog buttons, and symmetrical (对称的) fronts are appearing. 8.（2026·湖南长沙·模拟预测）The most moving moment came Song Yingxing took off his official robe (官袍) and stepped into a “field” formed by the other dancers. 9.（2026·江苏南通·模拟预测）In the North China Plain, wheat is a major crop, farmers have been busy preparing the soil, carefully tested and certified by local agricultural stations, (for) a good harvest. 10.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Unlike people in some fast-paced societies convenience dominates, many Chinese people prefer daily visits to local markets for the finest produce. 考点03 定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构 1.（2026·江苏·一模）There are numerous traditional lifestyle customs in Chinese culture, among __________ sun-drying clothes occupies a special place. 2.（25-26高三上·福建福州·阶段检测）At his company in Huangquan town, Nanzheng district of Hanzhong, villagers have been busy preparing summer products, among fans have been particularly popular recently. 3.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）Food bloggers, some of travel across Italy to review his menu, say that Chinese cuisine has introduced them to new ways of approaching food. 4.（2026·江苏·二模）My father, without  I could not have achieved so much, has always been my role model. 5.（2026·广东深圳·模拟预测）Considering her audience’s unfamiliarity with Chinese songs, Peng made adaptations, for she received positive responses. 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·皇家建筑保护】（2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）There was a legendary (传奇的) family responsible for the construction of imperial (皇家的) buildings, 1 (include) many of the China’s current UNESCO world heritage sites for over 200 years. Their family name was Lei, 2 (respectful) called “Yangshi Lei”, a term for the emperor’s head architect. The story of Lei family started in the early days of the Qing Dynasty 3 Lei Fada and his relatives from Nanjing were ordered 4 (rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. With his significant skills, his reputation began to spread widely. Lei Jinyu, his son, also made great 5 (achieve) like Yuanmingyuan. From 1736 to 1796, the generation of Lei family designed many buildings from that time. By the time the last architect of the family took office in the 6 (twenty) century, they 7 (complete) famous buildings such as the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace, 8 the Chengde Mountain Resort. In 2007, UNESCO added “Yangshi Lei” into 9 list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Humanity, for its 10 (influence) status in the field of Chinese traditional architecture. The architecture of the family will be shining through the age. Passage 2 （2026·山东济南·模拟预测） The market for wearable technology in the past few years has been on a rapid rise. We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices. 1 is it a good thing that we’re relying on technology more often than not, recording every step we take? Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits? The real questions surround not the 2 (wear), but the wearer. The challenge for athletes 3 (look) to up their game with data is finding the type of information that is most helpful. If you are hoping to run faster and want to try moderating your pace based on heart rate “zones,” a wearable can help you do so. However, for professionals and those who are new 4 working out, less is more. Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional marathon runner competing in the U.S. Olympic marathon trials, actually 5 (throw) away her GPS watch midrace 6 (avoid) distraction. Similarly, for beginner runners, it’s more important to learn to listen to your body’s signals — tiredness, 7 (ache), bursts of energy — 8 to track your pace or heart rate. Depending on what those goals are, there might be ways to achieve them that are more cost 9 (effect), more fun, more convenient. Dr. Ethan Weiss, a physician at the University of California tells his patients that a different item 10 (attach) at your wrist, like a leash, is more likely to pull you toward more activity. 二、完形填空 （25-26高三上·浙江丽水·期末）One day, I experienced something that caused me to lose my temper, to the point that I was in tears. So frustrated was I that I reached out to a dear and 1 friend to ask for advice on how to let go of 2 . And then, I went for a long walk. As I walked, I 3 my anger and what may have caused it. I heard my friend’s voice saying “drop into the heart space”, a space that love booms and if we allow it, it will   4 our hurts. It is my 5 that hate cannot grow where love 6 . I allowed my mind to follow that love and to review what the 7 of my anger was. I realized my anger is the result of many emotions that are normal. There is a 8 of being overwhelmed, frustrated, tired and there is sorrow 9 as well. And perhaps the sorrow is the biggest one. For example, it is not easy to 10 a parent’s falling weak even when I recognize that it is part of the cycle of life. I had not acknowledged my sorrow until a friend 11 that it was part of my anger, and she was correct. I am grateful for having friends I can reach out  for 12 and comfort. I am now able to 13 my anger, to drop into the heart space, to send out love and light, and to let go of any frustration rather than to 14 my anger. I know it will get easier if I am 15 with myself and allow the healing that is needed to happen. 1. A. respectable B. honest C. famous D. trusted 2. A. tiredness B. regret C. anger D. blame 3. A. looked into B. reflected on C. thought of D. picked up 4. A. accept B. provide C. heal D. affect 5. A. belief B. excuse C. dream D. proposal 6. A. calls B. shines C. joins D. approaches 7. A. point B. result C. root D. influence 8. A. mixture B. link C. combination D. chance 9. A. offered B. shared C. connected D. involved 10. A. watch B. follow C. push D. prevent 11. A. joked B. suggested C. implied D. proved 12. A. contribution B. praise C. devotion D. support 13. A. envision B. understand C. admit D. value 14. A. fuel B. stop C. gather D. inspire 15. A. bored B. active C. gentle D. honest 三、阅读理解 Passage 1 （2026·福建福州·模拟预测） — 3 tablespoons butter — 2 eggs — 2 medium carrots — 1 small white onion — 3 cloves garlic — 4 cups cooked and chilled rice I bet you didn’t read those numbers. I’ll let you in on a secret — I didn’t either. The ingredients above were copied and pasted from the first online search result for “fried rice recipe”. But, without any disrespect to the recipe’s owner, I can tell you it’s wrong. The only true fried rice recipe is no recipe at all. There are no measurements, no exact instructions, no timer for how long something should sizzle in the pan. There are only smells and feelings and memories. I learned to cook fried rice on the rickety stool covered in stickers, surrounded by the scents of my Grandma’s apron. We used however much leftover rice we had and a combination of anything and everything sitting in the fridge. The kitchen was always a little messy, but that was part of the fun. Yet I’ve always been more of a baker than a cook. I enjoy recipes — I enjoy the process of being exact and finding details, adjusting and leveling and weighing. From a young age, I found comfort in the careful baking recipes in Western cookbooks. But I understand the beauty of spontaneity (即兴) and organic creation. There’s something special in realizing that no two recreations of my grandma’s fried rice will ever be the same, and really, isn’t that what life is? Creation, without recipe? It’s funny. This may contradict everything I’ve written thus far, but the more I bake, the more I realize perhaps baking is spontaneous too. I don’t always need to weigh my flour beforehand in order to get perfect cookies. My signature food is cupcake, but I challenged myself to use a different recipe every time. You’d be surprised at how different cupcakes taste when you add an extra egg, and you’d be especially uncertain about my baking skills if you tried my cupcakes that had way too much baking soda (trial and error…). I’m learning to love going with the flow. It’s not mutually exclusive with loving precision, and it’s such an integral part of my culture; I’d be missing out otherwise. Coming to terms with and embracing the unknown is scary, but I assure you: One day, I’ll master my own fried rice. 1. What does the author think of the fried rice recipe? A. It provides inaccurate details. B. It includes too many ingredients. C. It misses the essence of cooking. D. It contradicts the basics of cuisine. 2. The author enjoys baking because of ______. A. her hope to pass recipes on B. her love of precision and detail C. her interest in a different culture D. her desire to honour family traditions 3. The author’s cupcake experiments made her more ______. A. open-minded B. organized C. confident D. clear-headed 4. What can we learn from this passage? A. Fond memories make a dish tasty. B. Precision and creativity are inseparable. C. Creativity prospers where rules end. D. Life doesn’t always come with a recipe. Passage 2 （2027·江苏南京·一模）Krystal Sheehan, 23 years old, loves walking dogs, feeding them cream, and cuddling (拥抱，搂抱) with them on her couch. However, she does not keep a dog, as she cannot commit to its daily care. Instead, nearly every week, she borrows a dog from a local animal shelter through a program called Shelter Skip Day, run by the Brandywine Valley SPCA. This service lets people take shelter dogs out for a few hours without making a lifelong commitment. It is one of many similar programs spreading across the United States. Psychologist Kerri Rodriguez explains that just five or ten minutes with a dog can lift people’s moods and lower stress. When humans and dogs interact, levels of oxytocin — often called the “love hormone” — rise in both. The unconditional love dogs offer, she says, can be deeply therapeutic (有疗愈作用的). Most shelters provide volunteers with leashes (拴狗链), waste bags, treats, toys, and water bowls. New York City’s shelter program, called BoroughBreak, even uses bingo cards with fun activities and offers small rewards for participants. These outings also help crowded shelters: dogs who spend time in public, wearing “Adopt Me” vests, become more visible and more likely to find permanent homes. Krystal first joined Shelter Skip Day after seeing a post on Facebook. Growing up, she had a dog named Angel, and she missed having a canine (犬的) companion. After spending two hours with a puppy named Jetta, she and her boyfriend Tycho Janssen were bewitched. They have since borrowed dogs nearly 20 times. They follow one simple rule: every dog gets a pup cup of cream. If the dog is energetic, they go hiking or playing at the park. If the dog is calm, they stay home and cuddle. By 4 p.m., they must return the dog to the shelter. Many dogs are so tired that they fall asleep on the ride back. Krystal often sits in the back seat to cuddle them a little longer. Each time she returns a dog, Krystal feels sad. But she knows she does not have to wait long. The following week, she can do it all again — walking, feeding, and loving a new four-legged friend, one short, perfect day at a time. 5. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? A. The program gets support from well-known psychologists. B. Most young people fail to look after a pet dog at home. C. The shelters offer everything to the homeless dog. D. The program creates a win-win situation for humans and dogs. 6. What does the underlined word “bewitched” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Fascinated. B. Relieved. C. Concerned. D. Moved. 7. Which of the following best describes Krystal Sheehan based on her actions? A. Loving and considerate. B. Disciplined and responsible. C. Independent and patient. D. Merciful and ambitious. 8. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Proper Ways: To Raise and Care for Dogs. B. A Special Practice: Shelter Skip Day. C. Simple Methods: To Lower People’s Stress. D. Great Importance: Adopting Homeless Dogs. Passage 3 （25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）When engineers struggle to design a quieter high-speed train, they often look to the sky. Specifically, they look at the kingfisher, a bird that can dive into water with barely a splash. This approach is called biomimicry — innovation inspired by nature. It is based on the idea that after 3.8 billion years of evolution, nature has already solved many of the problems we face today. One of the most famous examples of biomimicry is the Japanese Shinkansen bullet train. Originally, the train created a loud sonic boom when exiting tunnels due to air pressure build-up. An engineer, who was also a bird-watcher, redesigned the train’s nose to mimic the long, sharp beak of the kingfisher. This change not only eliminated the noise but also made the train 10% faster and 15% more energy-efficient. Another fascinating application is in architecture. The Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe uses a cooling system inspired by termite mounds. Termites maintain a constant temperature inside their mounds despite the fluctuating heat outside by opening and closing a series of heating and cooling vents. Similarly, the Eastgate Centre uses natural convection currents to regulate temperature, using 90% less energy than conventional buildings of the same size. Biomimicry is not just about copying shapes; it is about understanding the principles behind them. As we face global challenges like climate change and resource depletion, looking to nature for sustainable solutions is becoming more critical. From Velcro, which was inspired by burrs sticking to a dog’s fur, to wind turbine blades modeled after whale fins, nature proves to be the ultimate research and development laboratory. 9. Why does the author mention the kingfisher in Paragraph 1? A. To explain how birds catch fish in the water. B. To introduce the concept of biomimicry. C. To describe the habitat of the kingfisher. D. To compare birds with high-speed trains. 10. What was the result of redesigning the Shinkansen train? A. It became quieter and more efficient. B. It could carry more passengers. C. It became slower but safer. D. It eliminated the need for tunnels. 11. How does the Eastgate Centre save energy? A. By using solar panels on the roof. B. By copying the termite’s method of temperature control. C. By planting trees around the building. D. By using materials from termite mounds. 12. What is the author’s attitude towards biomimicry? A. Skeptical. B. Indifferent. C. Critical. D. Positive. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $