Unit 3 The art of painting（重难词汇精练）英语译林版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 围绕绘画主题，构建“基础巩固-语境应用”的词汇专项训练体系，系统提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|6类（词性转换28词等）|聚焦词形转换、短语搭配等基础考点|从词形派生（如wander→wandering/wanderer）到短语应用，构建词汇网络| |词汇语境练|3类（语法填空2篇等）|通过语篇考查词汇在语境中的运用|衔接基础词汇与语篇理解，实现从孤立记忆到综合运用的能力迁移|

Unit 3 The art of painting重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、重点单词 3 三、核心短语 4 四、单词拼写 4 五、单句语法填空 5 六、完成句子 5 02 词汇语境练 6 一、语法填空 7 二、完形填空 7 三、应用文写作 9 一、词性转换 1. wander vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折→ adj.漂泊的，流浪的，走神的，徘徊的 → n.流浪者，漫游者，漂泊者，游子 2. neighbourhood(AmE neighborhood)n.街区，城区；邻近的地方→ n.邻居 3. strike vt.& vi.( , )突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)n.罢工；袭击；击，打 → adj.受灾的，受苦的→ n.罢工者；(足球的)前锋；(棒球的)击球手 → adj.显著的，引人注目的(adv. ) 4. liberation n.解放，摆脱→ vt.解放；释放→ n.解放者，拯救者 5. opposed adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的→ vt.反对；抵制；与……角逐 → adj.对立的，相竞争的，对抗的，相反的(常用作定语) → adj.相反的，对面/对立的→ n.反对，反抗 → n.对手，反对者，竞争者 6. employ vt.运用，使用；雇用→ n.雇主，雇佣者，老板→ n.受雇者；雇员/工；员工 → n.职业；雇用，受雇，就业→ n.失业→ adj.失业的 7. realistic adj.逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的→ vt.实现，使……成为现实 → n.真实，现实→ adj. (不)切实际的；(不)实在的 → adv.现实地；实际地；逼真地 8. essence n.本质，精髓；香精，精油→ adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的(n.要素，必需品<可数>) → adv.本质上，根本上 9. vision n.远见卓识；视力，视野；想象→ adj.视觉的；视力的；可见的 → adv.视觉上地；可见地 10. worthy adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的→ adj.值……钱；值得的 n.价值；作用 → adj.值得的；值得做的→ adj.没用的，无价值的 11. shade n.阴影部分；色度；阴凉处→ adj.在背阴处的，阴凉的 → adj.有阴影的，颜色较深的，加深的 12. bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→ n.洗澡；沐浴 13. architecture n.建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学→ n.建筑师，设计师，缔造者 → adj.建筑学的，建筑上的 14. arrange vt.& vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→ n.安排，筹备；商定，约定 15. insight n.洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟→ adj.富有洞察力的，深刻的 16. wind vi.& vt.(wound, wound)蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕→ adj.蜿蜒的，弯曲的，曲折的 17. sail vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n.帆；乘船航行→ n.水手；海员；船员 → n.帆船运动；水运航班；起航；航海术 18. precise adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的→ adv.精确地，准确地 → n.精确，准确，细致 19. ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→ n.志向，抱负；雄心；目标 → adv.雄心勃勃地，劲头十足地；热切地 20. comprehensive adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的→ n.理解力；领悟力 → v.理解 21. structure n.建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织→ adj.结构的，结构(或构造)上的 22. critic n.批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 → adj.批评的，批判性的；挑剔的，关键的，紧要的，至关重要的 → adv.严厉地，批判地→ n.批评，批判，评论(艺术作品等) → vt. & vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价，评论(艺术作品等) 23. inspection n.检查，查看，审视；视察→ v.检查；视察；审视 → n.检查员，巡视员，督察员 24. expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触→ n.暴露，显露，揭露，暴光 → adj.无遮蔽的，无保护的，裸露的 25. political adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的→ n.政治学，政治 → n.政治家，政客 26. decline n.衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 → adj.下滑的，衰退的 27. exhibition n.展览，展出→ vt.展出， 展览 vi.展出作品；开展览会n.展览品；证据；展览会 28. historic adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的→ n.历史 → adj.(有关)历史的；有关历史研究的；历史学的 → adv.在历史上，从历史角度→ n.历史学家 二、重点单词 1. n.十年，十年期 2. adv.主要地，一般地 3. adj.想法相同的，志趣相投的 4. vt.& vi.在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视 5. adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的 6. vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现 n.陈列，展览；表现；展示 7. vt.开始，发动 n.(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 8. n.(宣传)活动，运动；战役vt.& vi.发起运动，参加活动 9. n.吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt.为……干杯；烤；取暖 10. adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 11. n.庄稼，作物；收成，产量 12. adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 13. adj.巨大的，庞大的 14. adj.全面的，综合的 adv.全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 15. n.军人，士兵 16. n.(pl. )危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 17. adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 18. adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 19. n.经历，事业；生涯，职业 附录：阅读词汇(只要熟悉汉语意思即可) 1. *portrait n. 2. landscape n. 3. gallery n. 4. pond n. 5. *canvas n. 6. setting n. 7. brushwork n. 8. calling n. 9. *pixel n. 10. garlic n. 11. mushroom n. 12. *scroll n. 13. civilian n. 14. butcher n. 15. clothing n. 16. temple n. 17. *scale n. 18. emperor n. 三、核心短语 ★★★★★★ 1. (表示对比)而，相对于 2. 各行各业，社会各界 3. 由……引起(或造成)，归因于 4. 凭自身的资格(或努力) 5. 充分说明，清楚表明 ★★★★★★ 6. be housed in =be located in 7. be reduced to(doing)sth. 8. be struck by 9. get(...)across 10. go about sth. 11. lose control of 12. wind through 13. in decline 14. on closer inspection 15. up close 四、单词拼写 1. It has been nearly one ________(十年)since we graduated from high school. 2. The villagers ________(主要地)live on growing fruit trees along the river. 3. I enjoy staying with those ________(志趣相投的)friends who share the same hobbies. 4. Don’t let negative thoughts ________(支配)your decisions in daily life. 5. She gave us a ________(生动的)description of her travelling experience in Tibet. 6. The gallery will ________(展出)dozens of traditional paintings next month. 7. The country decided to ________(发动)a war against the invaders hundreds of years ago. 9. The soldiers were standing at the table, ________(为……干杯)each other’s victory. 10. These ________(未加工的)materials will be sent to the factory for further processing. 11. Farmers get a good ________(收成)of wheat thanks to enough rainfall this year. 12. It is ________(显而易见的)that he has hidden something from us. 13. An ________(巨大的)amount of money was spent on rebuilding the historic building. 14. We need an ________(全面的)plan to solve the environmental problems in the town. 15. His father has been a ________(士兵)and devoted all his life to protecting the country. 16. Many countries are facing an economic ________(危机)these days. 17. He is an ________(杰出的)young scientist who has made many great discoveries. 18. This kind of flower is ________(罕见的)in northern cold areas. 19. She chose teaching as her lifelong ________(职业)after graduating from university. 20. Don’t waste time on jealousy, because life is a long race, where your only ________(对手)is yourself in the end. 五、单句语法填空 1. At present, lots of food and medicine are being transported from all over China to the earthquake ________ areas. 2. The ________(architecture)style of the museum mixes ancient and modern elements. 3. The ________(wander)often stays under the shady old tree in the neighbourhood. 4. Many young graduates can’t find ________(employ)because of the economic decline. 5. Fresh water is ________(essence)to all living things on the earth. 6. The whole square was ________(bathe)in soft golden light at sunset. 7. He offered an ________(insight)analysis of the social problems in the exhibition. 8. My uncle used to be a ________(sail)and travelled across many oceans. 9. He has great ________(ambitious)to become a top architectural designer. 10. The workers are studying the ________(structure)problems of the old building. 11. The ________(inspect)pointed out several hidden risks in the exhibition hall. 12. The ________(history)records show the building was built 300 years ago. 13. People fought hard for national ________(liberate)hundreds of years ago. 14. Most citizens are strongly ________(oppose)to building factories near the neighbourhood. 15. You should be ________(realize)that your dream won’t come true without hard work. 16. Museums are places where you can appreciate something ________(vision)inspiring and deepen your understanding of the world. 17. The old painting is of great ________(worthy)of careful protection for its historic value. 18. We sat in the cool ________(shady)of the big tree to enjoy the breeze. 19. We have made detailed ________(arrange)for the art exhibition next week. 20. We walked along a ________(wind)path leading to the historic museum. 21. The machine can measure the temperature ________(precise)within one second. 22. Students need a ________(comprehension)review before the final exam. 23. It is ________(critic)to take regular inspection of the historic buildings. 24. Children should not be ________(expose)to violent political news too early. 25. Many young ________(politics)are devoted to improving people’s living conditions. 六、完成句子 1. 这个来自贫困农村的男人凭借自己的能力成为了一家律师事务所的合伙人。 The man from a poor village becomes a partner in a law firm _____________________. 2. 关于这个女孩的可怕消息是由于人们在社交媒体上无端的批评。 The terrible news about the girl ________________ people’s criticism on social media without reason. 3.露西被提升为高级经理后，一如既往地为工作做准备。 Lucy _______________ her preparations for work as usual after she is promoted to senior manager. 4. 纽约市就像一个大熔炉，你可以遇到各行各业的人，每个人都有自己独特的故事和背景。 New York City is like a big melting pot, where you can encounter people from _____________________, each with their own unique stories and backgrounds. 5. 我们批判性地思考，而不是照搬参考书。 We think critically, _____________________ just copying from reference books. 6. 我被允许在这个占地600英亩的中心靠近观察这些可爱的动物。 I was allowed to get _____________ to these cute animals at the 600—acre centre. 7. 在艾米丽的婚礼上，她脸上的灿烂笑容清楚地表达了她的喜悦和幸福。 On Emily’s wedding, it was clear that the bright smile on her face _____________________ her joy and happiness. 8. 由于无法负担家庭的生活费用，这位年轻的艺术家沦落到受雇去养猪。 Unable to cover the living expenses of his family, the young artist ________________ hiring himself out feeding pigs. 9. 许多西方国家的人担心良好的礼仪正在衰落。 Many people in western countries are worried that good manners are ____________. 10. 当你无法控制自己的情绪时，你实际上已经不是你自己了。 You are actually not yourself when you _____________________ your feelings. 11. 每个看到尼亚加拉大瀑布的人都被它的奇观所震撼。 Everyone who sees Niagara Falls _____________________ the wonder of it. 12.在不使用专业术语的情况下，他很难向观众讲清楚他复杂的科学理论。 It was difficult for him _________ his complex scientific theory ________ to the audience without using technical jargon. 13. 乍一看，我以为这幅画是真的，但仔细一看，原来只是赝品。 At first sight, I thought the painting was authentic(真品的), but _______________, it turned out to be just a fake. 14. 一条长满野花的溪流蜿蜒穿过环绕村庄的大片田野。 A stream covered with wild flowers ______________ the vast fields surrounding the village. 15. 所有珍贵绘画作品都被安置在这座现代化艺术馆里。 All the valuable paintings ______________ this modern art gallery. 一、语法填空 (一) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (改编自25-26高一下·江苏常州·期中)Liu Zhicheng, a wall painter who was born after 1995 in Xingyi Village, Lijiang City of southwest China’s Yunnan Province, has been trying to bring changes to his hometown ___1___ (use)his paint brushes. Liu, better known ___2___ Liu Xiaobei on Chinese social media platforms, returned to the village more than a year ago and planned to create 100 paintings on the walls of houses in his hometown within two years as an act of ___3___(generous). So far, Liu and his partner ___4___(create)more than 30 wall paintings in the village with a ___5___ (various)of themes, including vivid animals, cute cartoon characters and picturesque ___6___(landscape). The short videos recording their ___7___(play)tens of millions of times. ___8___ usually takes Liu about three to five days to complete a simple wall painting and seven to ten days to finish a complex one. “I will focus more ___9___ Chinese cultural elements in my wall paintings and decorate ___10___(many)walls in villages to draw visitors and help the locals increase their income through tourism,” says Liu. “It’s my honor and pleasure to have the chance to pretty up the surroundings with my art.” (二) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (改编自24-25高二下·河北邢台·阶段检测)It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art. Perhaps the best way ___1___(understand)Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the purpose ___2___ Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting ___3___(realize)scenes. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone, whose paintings ___4___(show)real people in a real environment. Next came the Renaissance, when new ideas and values gradually replaced old ___5___(one)from the Middle Ages. Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life, ___6___(use)perspective and oil paints. The emphasis ___7___(increasing)shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. After the invention of photography, paintings were no longer needed ___8___(preserve)what people and the world looked like. As a result, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from ___9___ painting by Claude Monet called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene. Picasso, one of the painters of Modern Art, tried to analyze the shapes ___10___ existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. 二、完形填空 (一) (25-26高一下·广东揭阳·期末)Wang Liuyun spent over 30 years struggling to make a living as a cleaner in downtown Beijing. Born into a poor rural family, she dropped out of high school at 16 to ___1___ her family. An unhappy marriage and ___2___ low-paid labor trapped her in a hard life, leaving almost no spare time for personal ___3___. At the age of 30, exhausted by years of tough work, she made an ___4___ decision: to learn oil painting from zero. Most friends thought it was a crazy idea. “Cleaners can’t afford art and don’t have the talent for it either,” they shook their heads and tried to ___5___ her to give up. But Wang refused to accept their ___6___. She bought cheap paint and ___7___ waste cardboard as drawing paper, practicing every night after finishing cleaning work. Tiredness after a whole day’s labor often made her ___8___ beside her unfinished works. Progress came slowly but surely. Her early paintings were far from excellent, yet she kept ___9___ her brush skills. Gradually, landscapes, farm animals and ordinary rural scenes began to ___10___ on her cardboard. Three years later, one of her works was ___11___ for a city amateur art show. Standing before her painting at the ___12___ hall, tears of joy rolled down her cheeks. From a ___13___ cleaning lady to an amateur folk painter, Wang proves that it is never too late to chase your inner dream. Hard work and persistent passion can ___14___ the limits set by life itself. Many young students who read her story get ___15___ to stick to their own goals instead of giving up easily when facing difficulties. 1. A. support B. guard C. protect D. hold 2. A. countless B. endless C. useless D. powerless 3. A. choices B. plans C. duties D. hobbies 4. A. imperfect B. unexpected C. unpredictable D. unchangeable 5. A. persuade B. warn C. force D. inform 6. A. judgment B. argument C. discouragement D. complaint 7. A. cherished B. threw C. offered D. used 8. A. fall behind B. fall asleep C. fall silent D. fall ill 9. A. checking B. changing C. improving D. proving 10. A. take root B. take place C. take color D. take shape 11. A. sold B. copied C. chosen D. hidden 12. A. exhibition B. music C. dining D. lecture 13. A. talented B. devoted C. tired D. inspired 14. A. set B. reach C. achieve D. break 15. A. moved B. inspired C. surprised D. comforted (二) (改编自25-26高二上·河南开封·期末)There have been quite a few angel sightings on social media lately. That’s because Erica Group, an artist in DeLand, Florida, decided—in a moment of inspiration—to draw a giant pair of ___1___ onto the side of a local ___2___. For several years, Erica has been ___3___ at a small dress shop in downtown DeLand. The ___4___ store is located next to an alley(小巷)that serves as a background for photos Erica and her colleagues take of their new clothes. One afternoon, Erica was struck by a(n)___5___ to fill the alley’s wall with a pair of feathered wings. She got ___6___ from the owner of The West Volusia Beacon newspaper to ___7___ her piece of artwork on the paper’s building and posted the picture of the finished ___8___ on social media. ___9___, it just started spreading. People kept coming into the store, asking Erica and her colleagues where the wings were and taking their own pictures. The owner of the building quickly ___10___ the tendency and asked Erica to make the wings ___11___ replacing chalk with paint. Since then, more than 1,400 people have had their pictures taken with the wings, usually ___12___ them on Twitter, Instagram and Meta. “It’s become a cool treasure-hunt in town,” Erica says. “Wings are ___13___ in this alley. Often, a number of people come to ask about their ___14___.” The artist wants the wings to be ___15___ however people wish. Despite the various explanations, they certainly seem to be inspiring people and bringing a bit of joy to Erica’s hometown. 1. A. gloves B. pants C. wings D. feathers 2. A. business B. custom C. library D. school 3. A. exploring B. resting C. shopping D. working 4. A. special B. tiny C. cool D. popular 5. A. comment B. order C. fact D. idea 6. A. permission B. attention C. advice D. praise 7. A. stick B. describe C. chalk D. color 8. A. article B. artwork C. photograph D. program 9. A. However B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Soon 10. A. made up for B. caught on to C. broke away from D. ran out of 11. A. interesting B. famous C. lasting D. natural 12. A. sharing B. introducing C. advertising D. editing 13. A. hidden B. covered C. lost D. ignored 14. A. history B. meaning C. influence D. location 15. A. remembered B. understood C. created D. drawn 三、应用文写作 (一) (24-25高一下·山东菏泽·期中)假定你是某国际高中学生会主席李华，你市博物馆正在举办齐白石作品展，学生可以免费观展。本周三下午校学生会将组织感兴趣的学生统一观展，请你写一则通知。 内容包括：1. 参观时间； 2. 画家及画作简介； 3. 报名地点。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (二) (25-26高二上·重庆·阶段检测)假如你是李华，你校国际部计划下个月举办“中外绘画名家作品展”，现向全体学生征集画家推荐。请你根据以下提示，给国际部负责人Mr.Smith写一封电子邮件，推荐你心中的理想画家。 写作要点：1. 简要介绍该画家(国籍、时期、主要风格、代表作等)； 2. 解释推荐理由(艺术价值，人物品质，对学生的启发等)。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：代表作representative work 专攻于/专门从事specialise in Dear Mr. Smith, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 14 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The art of painting重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、重点单词 3 三、核心短语 4 四、单词拼写 4 五、单句语法填空 7 六、完成句子 10 02 词汇语境练 12 一、语法填空 12 二、完形填空 15 三、应用文写作 20 一、词性转换 1. wander vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折→wandering adj.漂泊的，流浪的，走神的，徘徊的 →wanderer n.流浪者，漫游者，漂泊者，游子 2. neighbourhood(AmE neighborhood)n.街区，城区；邻近的地方→neighbour n.邻居 3. strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)n.罢工；袭击；击，打 →stricken adj.受灾的，受苦的→striker n.罢工者；(足球的)前锋；(棒球的)击球手 →striking adj.显著的，引人注目的(adv.strikingly) 4. liberation n.解放，摆脱→liberate vt.解放；释放→liberator n.解放者，拯救者 5. opposed adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的→oppose vt.反对；抵制；与……角逐 →opposing adj.对立的，相竞争的，对抗的，相反的(常用作定语) →opposite adj.相反的，对面/对立的→opposition n.反对，反抗 →opponent n.对手，反对者，竞争者 6. employ vt.运用，使用；雇用→employer n.雇主，雇佣者，老板→employee n.受雇者；雇员/工；员工 →employment n.职业；雇用，受雇，就业→unemployment n.失业→unemployed adj.失业的 7. realistic adj.逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的→realize/realise vt.实现，使……成为现实 →reality n.真实，现实→(un)realistic adj. (不)切实际的；(不)实在的 →realistically adv.现实地；实际地；逼真地 8. essence n.本质，精髓；香精，精油→essential adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的(n.要素，必需品<可数>) →essentially adv.本质上，根本上 9. vision n.远见卓识；视力，视野；想象→visual adj.视觉的；视力的；可见的 →visually adv.视觉上地；可见地 10. worthy adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的→worth adj.值……钱；值得的 n.价值；作用 →worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的→worthless adj.没用的，无价值的 11. shade n.阴影部分；色度；阴凉处→shady adj.在背阴处的，阴凉的 →shaded adj.有阴影的，颜色较深的，加深的 12. bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→bath n.洗澡；沐浴 13. architecture n.建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学→architect n.建筑师，设计师，缔造者 →architectural adj.建筑学的，建筑上的 14. arrange vt.& vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→arrangement n.安排，筹备；商定，约定 15. insight n.洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟→insightful adj.富有洞察力的，深刻的 16. wind vi.& vt.(wound, wound)蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕→winding adj.蜿蜒的，弯曲的，曲折的 17. sail vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n.帆；乘船航行→sailor n.水手；海员；船员 →sailing n.帆船运动；水运航班；起航；航海术 18. precise adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的→precisely adv.精确地，准确地 →precision n.精确，准确，细致 19. ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→ambition n.志向，抱负；雄心；目标 →ambitiously adv.雄心勃勃地，劲头十足地；热切地 20. comprehensive adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的→comprehension n.理解力；领悟力 →comprehend v.理解 21. structure n.建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织→structural adj.结构的，结构(或构造)上的 22. critic n.批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 →critical adj.批评的，批判性的；挑剔的，关键的，紧要的，至关重要的 →critically adv.严厉地，批判地→criticism n.批评，批判，评论(艺术作品等) →criticize vt. & vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价，评论(艺术作品等) 23. inspection n.检查，查看，审视；视察→inspect v.检查；视察；审视 →inspector n.检查员，巡视员，督察员 24. expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触→exposure n.暴露，显露，揭露，暴光 →exposed adj.无遮蔽的，无保护的，裸露的 25. political adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的→politics n.政治学，政治 →politician n.政治家，政客 26. decline n.衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 →declining adj.下滑的，衰退的 27. exhibition n.展览，展出→exhibit vt.展出， 展览 vi.展出作品；开展览会n.展览品；证据；展览会 28. historic adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的→history n.历史 →historical adj.(有关)历史的；有关历史研究的；历史学的 →historically adv.在历史上，从历史角度→historian n.历史学家 二、重点单词 1. decade n.十年，十年期 2. mostly adv.主要地，一般地 3. like-minded adj.想法相同的，志趣相投的 4. dominate vt.& vi.在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视 5. vivid adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的 6. display vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现 n.陈列，展览；表现；展示 7. wage vt.开始，发动 n.(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 8. campaign n.(宣传)活动，运动；战役vt.& vi.发起运动，参加活动 9. toast n.吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt.为……干杯；烤；取暖 10. raw adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 11. crop n.庄稼，作物；收成，产量 12. apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 13. enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 14. overall adj.全面的，综合的 adv.全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 15. soldier n.军人，士兵 16. crisis n.(pl.crises)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 17. outstanding adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 18. rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 19. career n.经历，事业；生涯，职业 附录：阅读词汇(只要熟悉汉语意思即可) 1. *portrait n.肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘 2. landscape n.乡村风景画；风景，景色 3. gallery n.展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席 4. pond n.池塘，水池 5. *canvas n.画布，油画；帆布 6. setting n.环境，背景；情节背景 7. brushwork n.(画家的)笔触，画法 8. calling n.职业，事业；使命感 9. *pixel n.像素 10. garlic n.蒜，大蒜 11. mushroom n.蘑菇 12. *scroll n.长卷纸，卷轴 13. civilian n.平民，老百姓，庶民 14. butcher n.肉贩，屠夫 15. clothing n.衣服，服装 16. temple n.庙宇，寺院 17. *scale n.规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例 18. emperor n.皇帝 三、核心短语 ★★★★★★ 1. as opposed to(表示对比)而，相对于 2. all walks of life各行各业，社会各界 3. be down to由……引起(或造成)，归因于 4. in one’s own right凭自身的资格(或努力) 5. speak volumes about充分说明，清楚表明 ★★★★★★ 6. be housed in被安置在……，坐落/位于=be located in 7. be reduced to(doing)sth.沦落为(做)某事 8. be struck by被……打动，迷恋…… 9. get(...)across使(……)被理解，传达 10. go about sth.着手/忙于做某事，继续做某事 11. lose control of失去对……的控制 12. wind through蜿蜒穿过 13. in decline衰退/败，下降 14. on closer inspection仔细查看 15. up close近距离地，靠近 四、单词拼写 1. It has been nearly one ________(十年)since we graduated from high school. 【答案】decade 【解析】考查名词。句意：距离我们高中毕业已经快十年了。汉语提示“十年”对应名词decade，空前有one 修饰，用单数形式，故填decade。 2. The villagers ________(主要地)live on growing fruit trees along the river. 【答案】mostly 【解析】考查副词。句意：村民们主要靠沿河种植果树为生。提示“主要地”为副词mostly/mainly，在句中修饰动词 live，故填mostly/mainly。 3. I enjoy staying with those ________(志趣相投的)friends who share the same hobbies. 【答案】like-minded 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我喜欢和那些拥有相同爱好、志趣相投的朋友相处。空处修饰名词friends，提示“志趣相投的”对应复合形容词 like-minded，故填like-minded。 4. Don’t let negative thoughts ________(支配)your decisions in daily life. 【答案】dominate 【解析】考查动词。句意：不要让消极想法支配你日常生活中的决定。固定搭配let sb./sth. do sth.，此处用动词原形dominate，含义“支配、控制”，故填dominate。 5. She gave us a ________(生动的)description of her travelling experience in Tibet. 【答案】vivid 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她生动地给我们描述了她的西藏旅行经历。空处修饰名词 description，提示“生动的”用形容词vivid，故填vivid。 6. The gallery will ________(展出)dozens of traditional paintings next month. 【答案】display 【解析】考查动词。句意：这家美术馆下个月会展出数十幅传统画作。will为助动词，后接动词原形display，意为“展出、陈列”，故填display。 7. The country decided to ________(发动)a war against the invaders hundreds of years ago. 【答案】wage 【解析】考查动词。句意：数百年前这个国家决定对入侵者开战。固定结构 decide to do sth.，to后接动词原形wage，wage war表示“发动战争”，故填wage。 9. The soldiers were standing at the table, ________(为……干杯)each other’s victory. 【答案】toasting 【句意】句意：战士们站在桌旁，为彼此的胜利干杯。考查现在分词作伴随状语。 主句谓语 were standing，句中无并列连词，空格处作伴随状语，主 the soldiers与“为……干杯”toast是主动关系，因此使用现在分词toasting；toast sb./sth.表示为…… 干杯，故填toasting。 10. These ________(未加工的)materials will be sent to the factory for further processing. 【答案】raw 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这些原材料会被送往工厂进行深加工。空处修饰名词materials，提示“未经加工的”用形容词 raw，故填raw。 11. Farmers get a good ________(收成)of wheat thanks to enough rainfall this year. 【答案】crop 【解析】考查名词。句意：得益于今年充足的降雨，农民们小麦收成很好。不定冠词a后接单数名词。crop 可指一季农作物、庄稼收成，a good crop of wheat表示小麦丰收；harvest侧重整体丰收时节，本句限定小麦品类，用crop更贴合语境，故填crop。 12. It is ________(显而易见的)that he has hidden something from us. 【答案】apparent 【解析】考查形容词。句意：很明显他有事瞒着我们。固定句型 It is apparent that…，形容词apparent作表语，意为“显而易见的”，故填apparent。 13. An ________(巨大的)amount of money was spent on rebuilding the historic building. 【答案】enormous 【解析】考查形容词。句意：一大笔资金被投入这座古建筑的修复工作。空处修饰名词amount，元音音素开头用an，形容词enormous表示 “巨大的”，故填enormous。 14. We need an ________(全面的)plan to solve the environmental problems in the town. 【答案】overall 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们需要一套全面的方案来解决小镇的环境问题。修饰名词plan，形容词overall意为“全面的、综合的”，an后接元音开头单词，故填overall。 15. His father has been a ________(士兵)and devoted all his life to protecting the country. 【答案】soldier 【解析】考查名词。句意：他的父亲是一名军人，将一生奉献给保家卫国的事业。不定冠词a后接单数名词 soldier，意为“士兵、军人”，故填soldier。 16. Many countries are facing an economic ________(危机)these days. 【答案】crisis 【解析】考查名词。句意：如今许多国家正面临经济危机。不定冠词an后用单数名词 crisis，含义“危机”，故填crisis。 17. He is an ________(杰出的)young scientist who has made many great discoveries. 【答案】outstanding 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是一位杰出的青年科学家，取得了许多重大发现。修饰名词scientist，形容词 outstanding表示 “杰出的、优秀的”，an搭配元音开头形容词，故填outstanding。 18. This kind of flower is ________(罕见的)in northern cold areas. 【答案】rare 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这种花在北方寒冷地区十分罕见。be 动词后接形容词作表语，rare意为“稀少的、罕见的”，故填rare。 19. She chose teaching as her lifelong ________(职业)after graduating from university. 【答案】career 【解析】考查名词。句意：大学毕业后，她选择教师作为自己终身的事业。形容词lifelong 后接名词career，表示“职业、生涯”，故填career。 20. Don’t waste time on jealousy, because life is a long race, where your only ________(对手)is yourself in the end. 【答案】opponent 【解析】考查名词。句意：不要把时间浪费在嫉妒上，因为人生是一场长跑，在这场比赛中，最终你唯一的对手就是你自己。“对手”应用名词，形容词 only 修饰单数名词 opponent故填opponent。 五、单句语法填空 1. At present, lots of food and medicine are being transported from all over China to the earthquake ________ areas. 【答案】stricken 【解析】考查形容词。句意：目前，大量的食品和药品正从中国各地运往地震灾区。stricken adj.受灾的，作定语修饰area，故填stricken。 2. The ________(architecture)style of the museum mixes ancient and modern elements. 【答案】architectural 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这座博物馆的建筑风格融合了古今元素。修饰名词 style 需形容词，名词 architecture 转换为 architectural，故填architectural。 3. The ________(wander)often stays under the shady old tree in the neighbourhood. 【答案】wanderer 【解析】考查名词。句意：这位流浪者常常待在街区那棵阴凉的老树下。空前有定冠词The，空处在句中作主语，指流浪的人，动词 wander转化为指人的名词，谓语stays为单数，故填wanderer。 4. Many young graduates can’t find ________(employ)because of the economic decline. 【答案】employment 【解析】考查名词。句意：受经济衰退影响，很多应届毕业生找不到工作。动词 find 后接名词作宾语，employ 转换为名词 employment，故填employment。 5. Fresh water is ________(essence)to all living things on the earth. 【答案】essential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：淡水对地球上所有生物来说都是必不可少的。固定搭配 be essential to，名词essence转换为形容词essential，故填essential。 6. The whole square was ________(bathe)in soft golden light at sunset. 【答案】bathed 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：日落时分，整片广场都沐浴在柔和的金光里。固定搭配 be bathed in沐浴在……，bathe变为过去分词构成被动结构，故填bathed。 7. He offered an ________(insight)analysis of the social problems in the exhibition. 【答案】insightful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他针对展览中的社会问题给出了富有深度的分析。修饰名词 analysis 需形容词，名词insight转换为insightful，故填insightful。 8. My uncle used to be a ________(sail)and travelled across many oceans. 【答案】sailor 【解析】考查名词。句意：我叔叔从前是一名水手，横渡过大洋。不定冠词a后接指人名词，动词sail转换为sailor，故填sailor。 9. He has great ________(ambitious)to become a top architectural designer. 【答案】ambition 【解析】考查名词。句意：他胸怀大志，立志成为顶尖建筑设计师。形容词 great 修饰名词，形容词 ambitious 转换为名词 ambition，故填ambition。 10. The workers are studying the ________(structure)problems of the old building. 【答案】structural 【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意：工人们正在排查这座老建筑的结构隐患。修饰名词 problems 需形容词，名词 structure 转换为 structural，故填structural。 11. The ________(inspect)pointed out several hidden risks in the exhibition hall. 【答案】inspector 【解析】考查名词。句意：巡视员指出展厅内多处安全隐患。句子缺少表人的主语，动词 inspect 转换为名词 inspector，故填inspector。 12. The ________(history)records show the building was built 300 years ago. 【答案】historical 【解析】考查形容词。句意：史料记载这座建筑始建于三百年前。修饰名词 records 需形容词，名词history 转换为 historical(有关历史的)，故填historical。 13. People fought hard for national ________(liberate)hundreds of years ago. 【答案】liberation 【解析】考查名词。句意：数百年前民众为民族解放奋力抗争。形容词 national 后接名词，动词 liberate 转换为名词 liberation，故填liberation。 14. Most citizens are strongly ________(oppose)to building factories near the neighbourhood. 【答案】opposed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：大部分居民强烈反对在街区附近建厂。固定短语 be opposed to 反对，动词 oppose 变形为形容词 opposed 作表语，故填opposed。 15. You should be ________(realize)that your dream won’t come true without hard work. 【答案】realistic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：你要认清现实，不努力就无法实现梦想。be 动词后用形容词作表语，动词 realize 变形为形容词 realistic，故填realistic。 16. Museums are places where you can appreciate something ________(vision)inspiring and deepen your understanding of the world. 【答案】visually 【句意】考查副词。句意：博物馆是你可以欣赏一些视觉上鼓舞人心的东西，加深你对世界的理解的地方。修饰形容词inspiring需用副词，名词vision变为副词visually，visually inspiring视觉上鼓舞人心，故填visually。 17. The old painting is of great ________(worthy)of careful protection for its historic value. 【答案】worth 【解析】考查名词。句意：这幅古画历史价值极高，值得精心保护。形容词great修饰名词，形容词worthy 转化为名词worth；of great worth = very valuable极具价值，故填worth。 18. We sat in the cool ________(shady)of the big tree to enjoy the breeze. 【答案】shade 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们坐在大树的阴凉处吹风。形容词cool修饰名词，形容词shady转换为名词 shade，故填shade。 19. We have made detailed ________(arrange)for the art exhibition next week. 【答案】arrangements 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们已经为下周的艺术展做好详尽安排。detailed修饰名词，动词arrange变为名词 arrangement；表示多项安排时用复数arrangements，故填arrangements。 20. We walked along a ________(wind)path leading to the historic museum. 【答案】winding 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们沿着一条蜿蜒小路走向那座历史博物馆。修饰名词path作定语，动词wind 变形为形容词winding，故填winding。 21. The machine can measure the temperature ________(precise)within one second. 【答案】precisely 【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意：这台设备能在一秒内精准测量温度。修饰动词measure要用副词，形容词 precise转换为precisely，故填precisely。 22. Students need a ________(comprehension)review before the final exam. 【答案】comprehensive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：期末考试前学生需要一次全面复习。修饰名词review用形容词，名词 comprehension 转换为comprehensive，故填comprehensive。 23. It is ________(critic)to take regular inspection of the historic buildings. 【答案】critical 【解析】考查形容词。句意：定期检查古建筑至关重要。固定句型 It is +形容词+to do sth.，名词critic转换为形容词critical，故填critical。 24. Children should not be ________(expose)to violent political news too early. 【答案】exposed 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：儿童不宜过早接触暴力时政新闻。固定搭配be exposed to接触、暴露于，expose变为过去分词作表语，故填exposed。 25. Many young ________(politics)are devoted to improving people’s living conditions. 【答案】politicians 【解析】考查名词变指人名词复数。句意：许多年轻政客致力于改善民众生活。many 后接可数名词复数，名词 politics转换为politician，复数形式为politicians，故填politicians。 六、完成句子 1. 这个来自贫困农村的男人凭借自己的能力成为了一家律师事务所的合伙人。 The man from a poor village becomes a partner in a law firm _____________________. 【答案】in his own right 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：由“The man from a poor village becomes a partner in a law firm”可知，句子表示“这个来自贫困农村的男人凭借自己的能力成为了一家律师事务所的合伙人”，空格处意为“凭自身的资格(或努力)”，是固定短语in one’s own right，主语The man是男性，因此one’s用his，故填in his own right。 2. 关于这个女孩的可怕消息是由于人们在社交媒体上无端的批评。 The terrible news about the girl ________________ people’s criticism on social media without reason. 【答案】is down to 【解析】考查动词短语及时态和主谓一致。句意：由“people’s criticism on social media without reason”可知，句子表示“于这个女孩的可怕消息是由于人们在社交媒体上无端的批评”，空格处意为“由……引起(或造成)，归因于”，是固定短语be down to，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语news是不可数名词，因此空格处是is down to，故填is down to。 3.露西被提升为高级经理后，一如既往地为工作做准备。 Lucy _______________ her preparations for work as usual after she is promoted to senior manager. 【答案】goes about 【解析】考查动词短语，时态和主谓一致。由“her preparations for work as usual”可知，句子表示“露西被提升为高级经理后，一如既往地为工作做准备”，空格处意为“着手做”，用固定短语go about，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Lucy是第三人称单数，因此空格处动词用第三人称单数，故填goes about。 4. 纽约市就像一个大熔炉，你可以遇到各行各业的人，每个人都有自己独特的故事和背景。 New York City is like a big melting pot, where you can encounter people from _____________________, each with their own unique stories and backgrounds. 【答案】all walks of life 【解析】考查名词短语。句意：根据“New York City is like a big melting pot”可知，空处应填入all walks of life“各行各业”，作宾语，故填all walks of life。 5. 我们批判性地思考，而不是照搬参考书。 We think critically, _____________________ just copying from reference books. 【答案】as opposed to 【解析】考查过去分词短语。句意：结合句意可知此处表示“(表示对比)而，相对于”应为短语as opposed to，故填as opposed to。 6. 我被允许在这个占地600英亩的中心靠近观察这些可爱的动物。 I was allowed to get _____________ to these cute animals at the 600—acre centre. 【答案】up close 【解析】考查副词短语。句意：根据句意“靠近观察”可知，句中涉及固定短语“up close”，意为“近距离地，靠近”，符合语境，故填up close。 7. 在艾米丽的婚礼上，她脸上的灿烂笑容清楚地表达了她的喜悦和幸福。 On Emily’s wedding, it was clear that the bright smile on her face _____________________ her joy and happiness. 【答案】spoke volumes about 【解析】考查动词短语及时态。句意：根据“the bright smile on her face”可知，空处应用speak volumes about“清楚表明”，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式，故填spoke volumes about。 8. 由于无法负担家庭的生活费用，这位年轻的艺术家沦落到受雇去养猪。 Unable to cover the living expenses of his family, the young artist ________________ hiring himself out feeding pigs. 【答案】was reduced to 【解析】考查动词短语及时态语态。句意：根据句意可知，此处表示艺术家沦落到做某事，be reduced to为固定短语，意为“沦落为(做)某事”符合语境，to为介词，后接动名词形式。结合语境可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语the young artist为第三人称单数，be动词应用was，故填was reduced to。 9. 许多西方国家的人担心良好的礼仪正在衰落。 Many people in western countries are worried that good manners are ____________. 【答案】in decline 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：根据Many people in western countries are worried，此处表示“衰退/败，下降”的状态，应使用介词短语in decline，作表语，故填in decline。 10. 当你无法控制自己的情绪时，你实际上已经不是你自己了。 You are actually not yourself when you _____________________ your feelings. 【答案】lose control of 【解析】考查动词短语及时态。句意：根据句意及空后的“your feelings”可知，空处需要一个表示无法控制的短语，动词短语lose control of表示“失去对……的控制”，符合句意，在从句中作谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应为一般现在时，主语you为第二人称，谓语动词应用原形，故填lose control of。 11. 每个看到尼亚加拉大瀑布的人都被它的奇观所震撼。 Everyone who sees Niagara Falls _____________________ the wonder of it. 【答案】is struck by 【解析】考查动词短语及时态。句意：根据汉语句意可知，此处为动词短语be struck by“被……打动，迷恋……”，满足句意要求，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时，故填is struck by。 12.在不使用专业术语的情况下，他很难向观众讲清楚他复杂的科学理论。 It was difficult for him _________ his complex scientific theory ________ to the audience without using technical jargon. 【答案】to get, across 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：结合complex scientific theory和to the audience without using technical jargon.可知，此处指不用专业术语很难让观众理解复杂的科学理论，固定结构get sth. across to sb.“使(……)被理解，传达”符合句意；句型：it+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.第一空要用不定式to get，故填to get, across。 13. 乍一看，我以为这幅画是真的，但仔细一看，原来只是赝品。 At first sight, I thought the painting was authentic(真品的), but _______________, it turned out to be just a fake. 【答案】on closer inspection 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应使用介词短语on closer inspection，表达“仔细查看”之意，故填on closer inspection。 14. 一条长满野花的溪流蜿蜒穿过环绕村庄的大片田野。 A stream covered with wild flowers ______________ the vast fields surrounding the village. 【答案】winds through 【解析】考查动词短语及主谓一致。wind through 蜿蜒穿过；主语stream为单数，一般现在时谓语动词用三单 winds，故填winds through。 15. 所有珍贵绘画作品都被安置在这座现代化艺术馆里。 All the valuable paintings ______________ this modern art gallery. 【答案】are housed in 【解析】考查动词短语及时态。be housed in“被安置在……”；主语paintings是复数名词，一般现在时be 动词用are，故填are housed in。 一、语法填空 (一) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (改编自25-26高一下·江苏常州·期中)Liu Zhicheng, a wall painter who was born after 1995 in Xingyi Village, Lijiang City of southwest China’s Yunnan Province, has been trying to bring changes to his hometown ___1___ (use)his paint brushes. Liu, better known ___2___ Liu Xiaobei on Chinese social media platforms, returned to the village more than a year ago and planned to create 100 paintings on the walls of houses in his hometown within two years as an act of ___3___(generous). So far, Liu and his partner ___4___(create)more than 30 wall paintings in the village with a ___5___ (various)of themes, including vivid animals, cute cartoon characters and picturesque ___6___(landscape). The short videos recording their ___7___(play)tens of millions of times. ___8___ usually takes Liu about three to five days to complete a simple wall painting and seven to ten days to finish a complex one. “I will focus more ___9___ Chinese cultural elements in my wall paintings and decorate ___10___(many)walls in villages to draw visitors and help the locals increase their income through tourism,” says Liu. “It’s my honor and pleasure to have the chance to pretty up the surroundings with my art.” 【答案】 1. using 2. as 3. generosity 4. have created 5. variety 6. landscapes 7. have been played 8. It 9. on 10. more 【导语】文章主要介绍了95后墙绘师刘志诚返乡用画笔美化家乡的事迹，包括他创作墙绘的过程、成果及未来计划，展现了他用艺术助力乡村振兴的努力。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：刘志诚，一位1995年后出生于中国西南云南省丽江市兴义村的墙绘师，一直试图用他的画笔为家乡带来改变。句中已有谓语动词has been trying，故空处需填非谓语动词，主语Liu Zhicheng与use是主动关系，用现在分词using作方式状语，故填using。 2. 考查动词短语中的介词。句意：刘志诚，在中国社交媒体平台上以“刘小北”之名广为人知，一年多前回到村里，计划两年内在家乡的房屋墙壁上创作100幅画，以此作为一种善举。be known as意为“以…… 之名为人熟知/作为……而闻名”，故填as。 3. 考查名词。句意同上。介词of后接名词作宾语，generous的名词形式是generosity意为“慷慨、善举”，故填generosity。 4. 考查动词的时态。句意：到目前为止，刘和他的搭档已经在村里创作了30多幅主题多样的墙绘，包括生动的动物、可爱的卡通人物和如画的风景。时间状语so far是现在完成时的标志，主语Liu and his partner为复数，助动词用have，create的过去分词是created，故填created。 5. 考查名词。句意同上。固定搭配a variety of意为 “各种各样的”，various的名词形式是variety；固定搭配 a variety of 意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。 6. 考查名词复数。句意同上。and连接并列名词，前面animals、characters 均为复数，landscape表示多处风景、自然风光时为可数名词，此处需用复数形式landscapes，故填landscapes。 7. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：记录他们作画过程的短视频播放量已达数千万次。主语 The short videos 和动词 play(播放)构成被动关系；结合语境，视频播放是持续到现在的结果，用现在完成时，主语为复数，故填 have been played。 8. 考查形式主语。句意：刘志诚通常要花三到五天完成一幅简单墙绘，完成复杂作品则需要七到十天。固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth.，it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，句首首字母大写，故填It。 9.考查动词短语中的介词。句意：“我将在我的墙绘中更多地专注于中国文化元素，并装饰更多乡村的墙壁，以吸引游客，帮助当地人通过旅游业增加收入，” 刘说。 固定短语focus on 意为“专注于”，故填on。 10. 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。前文提到他已经创作三十多幅墙绘，此处表示未来要装饰“更多”墙面，暗含对比，many的比较级为more，修饰可数名词复数walls，故填more。 (二) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (改编自24-25高二下·河北邢台·阶段检测)It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art. Perhaps the best way ___1___(understand)Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the purpose ___2___ Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting ___3___(realize)scenes. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone, whose paintings ___4___(show)real people in a real environment. Next came the Renaissance, when new ideas and values gradually replaced old ___5___(one)from the Middle Ages. Painters adopted a more humanistic attitude to life, ___6___(use)perspective and oil paints. The emphasis ___7___(increasing)shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. After the invention of photography, paintings were no longer needed ___8___(preserve)what people and the world looked like. As a result, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from ___9___ painting by Claude Monet called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene. Picasso, one of the painters of Modern Art, tried to analyze the shapes ___10___ existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. 【答案】 1. to understand 2. of 3. realistic 4. showed 5. ones 6. using 7. increasingly 8. to preserve 9. the 10. which/that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要按照时间顺序，介绍了西方艺术绘画在几个发展时期中的特点。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：也许理解西方艺术最好的方式是看看西方绘画在几个世纪里的发展。分析句子结构可知understand在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处修饰名词way应用不定式作后置定语，短语the best way to do sth.“做某事最好的方式”，故填to understand。 2. 考查介词。句意：在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教人们基督教。结合句意表示“……的目的”可知短语为the purpose of，故填of。 3. 考查形容词。句意：因此，艺术家们对画写实的场景不感兴趣。修饰名词scenes应该用形容词，故填realistic。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：这种情况在13世纪Giotto di Bondone开始改变，他的画作展示了真实环境中的真实人物。根据上文“in the 13th century”可知应用一般过去时，故填showed。 5. 考查代词。句意：其次是文艺复兴，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代中世纪的旧思想和价值观。此处代替上文出现的复数可数名词“ideas and values”，应用代词ones，故填ones。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：画家们对生活采取了更加人性化的态度，运用透视法和油画。分析句子结构可知use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Painters构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填using。 7. 考查副词。句意：重点越来越多地从宗教主题转移到人们和我们周围的世界。修饰动词shift应用副词increasingly，作状语，故填increasingly。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：摄影发明后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的样子。本句用的是被动语态，还原主动结构为 people needed paintings to preserve...，不定式 to preserve 作目的状语，用以说明绘画的用途，故填to preserve。 9. 考查冠词。句意：这个新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈的《印象，日出》这幅画。依据后置定语 by Claude Monet called Impression, Sunrise的限定，此处painting是特指克劳德·莫奈的《印象，日出》这幅画，应用定冠词，故填the。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：毕加索是现代艺术的画家之一，他试图用一种新的立体主义方法来分析自然界中存在的形状。此处为定语从句修饰先行词shapes，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导，故填which/that。 二、完形填空 (一) (25-26高一下·广东揭阳·期末)Wang Liuyun spent over 30 years struggling to make a living as a cleaner in downtown Beijing. Born into a poor rural family, she dropped out of high school at 16 to ___1___ her family. An unhappy marriage and ___2___ low-paid labor trapped her in a hard life, leaving almost no spare time for personal ___3___. At the age of 30, exhausted by years of tough work, she made an ___4___ decision: to learn oil painting from zero. Most friends thought it was a crazy idea. “Cleaners can’t afford art and don’t have the talent for it either,” they shook their heads and tried to ___5___ her to give up. But Wang refused to accept their ___6___. She bought cheap paint and ___7___ waste cardboard as drawing paper, practicing every night after finishing cleaning work. Tiredness after a whole day’s labor often made her ___8___ beside her unfinished works. Progress came slowly but surely. Her early paintings were far from excellent, yet she kept ___9___ her brush skills. Gradually, landscapes, farm animals and ordinary rural scenes began to ___10___ on her cardboard. Three years later, one of her works was ___11___ for a city amateur art show. Standing before her painting at the ___12___ hall, tears of joy rolled down her cheeks. From a ___13___ cleaning lady to an amateur folk painter, Wang proves that it is never too late to chase your inner dream. Hard work and persistent passion can ___14___ the limits set by life itself. Many young students who read her story get ___15___ to stick to their own goals instead of giving up easily when facing difficulties. 1. A. support B. guard C. protect D. hold 2. A. countless B. endless C. useless D. powerless 3. A. choices B. plans C. duties D. hobbies 4. A. imperfect B. unexpected C. unpredictable D. unchangeable 5. A. persuade B. warn C. force D. inform 6. A. judgment B. argument C. discouragement D. complaint 7. A. cherished B. threw C. offered D. used 8. A. fall behind B. fall asleep C. fall silent D. fall ill 9. A. checking B. changing C. improving D. proving 10. A. take root B. take place C. take color D. take shape 11. A. sold B. copied C. chosen D. hidden 12. A. exhibition B. music C. dining D. lecture 13. A. talented B. devoted C. tired D. inspired 14. A. set B. reach C. achieve D. break 15. A. moved B. inspired C. surprised D. comforted 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【导语】本篇为记叙文。文章讲述了在北京做清洁工的王柳云半生清贫劳碌，中年下定决心从零学习油画。她顶住旁人质疑、利用废旧材料坚持练习，最终作品入选城市业余艺术展的故事。她的追梦经历证明追逐梦想永远为时不晚，也激励众多年轻人直面困境、坚守目标。 1. 考查动词。句意：她出生在一个贫困的农村家庭，16岁就从高中辍学来养家。A. support养活，支撑；B. guard守卫，保卫；C. protect保护；D. hold握住，持有。根据上文“Born into a poor rural family, she dropped out of high school at 16”可知，贫困家庭出身的王柳云辍学是为了挣钱支撑家庭，故选A。 2. 考查形容词。句意：一段不幸的婚姻和没完没了的低薪劳作让她困在艰苦的生活中，几乎给个人爱好留不出任何空闲时间。A. countless数不尽的；B. endless没完没了的，无止境的；C. useless无用的；D. powerless无力的。根据下文“trapped her in a hard life”和“exhausted by years of tough work”可知，长期持续的低薪劳作让她生活困苦，强调连绵不绝的劳作应用endless，故选B。 3. 考查名词。句意：一段不幸的婚姻和没完没了的低薪劳作让她困在艰苦的生活中，几乎给个人爱好留不出任何空闲时间。A. choices选择；B. plans计划；C. duties职责；D. hobbies爱好。根据后文“to learn oil painting from zero”可知，油画是王柳云的个人爱好，此处指她没有时间留给个人爱好，故选D。 4. 考查形容词。句意：30岁时，被多年的艰苦工作榨干精力的她做出了一个出人意料的决定：从零开始学习油画。A. imperfect不完美的；B. unexpected出人意料的；C. unpredictable不可预测的；D. unchangeable不可改变的。结合前文她常年做清洁工、生活困顿、毫无空闲的处境，三十岁决定从零学油画，这个决定十分出人意料，故选B。 5. 考查动词。句意：“清洁工学不起艺术，也没有艺术天赋，”他们摇着头，试图劝她放弃。A. persuade劝说，说服；B. warn警告；C. force强迫；D. inform通知。根据上文“Most friends thought it was a crazy idea”可知，朋友们都不认可这个想法，想要劝说她放弃，故选A。 6. 考查名词。句意：但王柳云没有听从众人的劝诫。A. judgment判断；B. argument争论；C. discouragement劝阻，泄气；D. complaint抱怨。根据上文““Cleaners can’t afford art and don’t have the talent for it either,” they shook their heads and tried to ___5___ her to give up.”可知，朋友们都不支持她学画画，想劝阻她，她拒绝了这份劝阻，故选C。 7. 考查动词。句意：她买了便宜的颜料，用废弃的硬纸板当画纸，每天结束清洁工作之后都在晚上练习。A. cherished珍惜；B. threw扔；C. offered提供；D. used使用。根据后文“waste cardboard as drawing paper”可知，王柳云使用废硬纸板作为画纸，故选D。 8. 考查动词短语。句意：一整天劳作之后的疲惫常常让她在未完成的作品旁睡着。A. fall behind落后；B. fall asleep睡着；C. fall silent沉默；D. fall ill生病。根据上文“Tiredness after a whole day’s labor”可知，整日清扫劳作后极度疲惫，常常在练习的时候就睡着了，故选B。 9. 考查动词。句意：她早期的画作远称不上优秀，但她一直提升自己的绘画技巧。A. checking检查；B. changing改变；C. improving提升，改善；D. proving证明。根据上文“Progress came slowly but surely”可知，她一直在进步，也就是持续提升绘画技巧，故选C。 10. 考查动词短语。句意：逐渐地，风景、农场牲畜和普通的乡村场景开始在她的硬纸板上成形。A. take root生根；B. take place发生；C. take color上色；D. take shape成形。根据上文“Progress came slowly but surely”和“she kept ___9___ her brush skills”可知，随着技巧不断提升，这些景物逐渐在画纸上成型，故选D。 11. 考查动词。句意：三年后，她的一幅作品被选中参加城市业余艺术展。A. sold售卖；B. copied复制；C. chosen选择；D. hidden隐藏。根据后文“for a city amateur (业余的) art show”和常识可知，作品被主办方选中才能参展，故选C。 12. 考查名词。句意：站在展厅里自己的作品前，喜悦的泪水顺着她的脸颊滑下。A. exhibition展览；B. music音乐；C. dining吃饭；进餐；D. lecture讲座。根据上文“a city amateur (业余的) art show”和空后“hall”可知，这是艺术展，对应展厅，故选A。 13. 考查形容词。句意：从一个疲惫的清洁女工到业余民间画家，王柳云证明了追逐内心的梦想永远不会太晚。A. talented有天赋的；B. devoted奉献的；C. tired疲惫的；D. inspired受启发的，激动人心的。根据前文“exhausted by years of tough work”和“Tiredness after a whole day’s labor”可知，她的清洁工作让人精疲力尽，故选C。 14. 考查动词。句意：努力和持续的热情可以打破生活本身设下的限制。A. set设置；B. reach到达；C. achieve实现；D. break打破。根据空后“the limits”和上文内容可知，生活原本给她设下了出身贫困、做清洁工的限制，她靠着努力打破了这个限制，故选D。 15. 考查动词。句意：许多读到她故事的年轻学生都受到了激励，坚持自己的目标，不在面对困难时轻易放弃。A. moved使感动；B. inspired激励；C. surprised使惊讶；D. comforted安慰。根据后文“to stick to their own goals instead of giving up easily when facing difficulties”可知，王柳云的故事给年轻人做出了榜样，激励了年轻人坚持追梦，故选B。 (二) (改编自25-26高二上·河南开封·期末)There have been quite a few angel sightings on social media lately. That’s because Erica Group, an artist in DeLand, Florida, decided—in a moment of inspiration—to draw a giant pair of ___1___ onto the side of a local ___2___. For several years, Erica has been ___3___ at a small dress shop in downtown DeLand. The ___4___ store is located next to an alley(小巷)that serves as a background for photos Erica and her colleagues take of their new clothes. One afternoon, Erica was struck by a(n)___5___ to fill the alley’s wall with a pair of feathered wings. She got ___6___ from the owner of The West Volusia Beacon newspaper to ___7___ her piece of artwork on the paper’s building and posted the picture of the finished ___8___ on social media. ___9___, it just started spreading. People kept coming into the store, asking Erica and her colleagues where the wings were and taking their own pictures. The owner of the building quickly ___10___ the tendency and asked Erica to make the wings ___11___ replacing chalk with paint. Since then, more than 1,400 people have had their pictures taken with the wings, usually ___12___ them on Twitter, Instagram and Meta. “It’s become a cool treasure-hunt in town,” Erica says. “Wings are ___13___ in this alley. Often, a number of people come to ask about their ___14___.” The artist wants the wings to be ___15___ however people wish. Despite the various explanations, they certainly seem to be inspiring people and bringing a bit of joy to Erica’s hometown. 1. A. gloves B. pants C. wings D. feathers 2. A. business B. custom C. library D. school 3. A. exploring B. resting C. shopping D. working 4. A. special B. tiny C. cool D. popular 5. A. comment B. order C. fact D. idea 6. A. permission B. attention C. advice D. praise 7. A. stick B. describe C. chalk D. color 8. A. article B. artwork C. photograph D. program 9. A. However B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Soon 10. A. made up for B. caught on to C. broke away from D. ran out of 11. A. interesting B. famous C. lasting D. natural 12. A. sharing B. introducing C. advertising D. editing 13. A. hidden B. covered C. lost D. ignored 14. A. history B. meaning C. influence D. location 15. A. remembered B. understood C. created D. drawn 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了艺术家Erica Group在佛罗里达州德兰的一处建筑上创作了一对巨大的天使翅膀，这个作品迅速在社交媒体上走红，吸引了许多人前来拍照，给Erica的家乡带来了一些乐趣和灵感。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是因为佛罗里达州德兰的一位艺术家艾丽卡·格鲁普在灵感迸发的那一刻，决定在当地一家企业的侧面绘上一对巨大的翅膀。A. gloves手套；B. pants裤子；C. wings翅膀；D. feathers羽毛；根据下文“fill the alley’s wall with a pair of feathered wings”可知，艾丽卡想要画一对翅膀，故选C。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. business企业；B. custom风俗；C. library图书馆；D. school学校；根据下文“from the owner of The West Volusia Beacon newspaper to ___7___ her piece of artwork on the paper’s building”可知，艾丽卡是在一家企业大楼上画翅膀，故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年来，艾丽卡一直在德兰市中心的一家小服装店工作。A. exploring探索；B. resting休息；C. shopping购物；D. working工作；根据下文“Erica and her colleagues take of their new clothes.”可知，艾丽卡是在一家服装店工作，故选D。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家小店位于一条小巷旁边，这条小巷是艾丽卡和她的同事为新衣服拍照的背景。A. special特殊的；B. tiny小的；C. cool酷的；D. popular流行的；根据上文“a small dress shop in downtown DeLand”可知，这家服装店很小，故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，艾丽卡突然有了一个想法，想要在小巷的墙上画一对羽毛翅膀。A. comment评论；B. order命令；C. fact事实；D. idea想法；根据下文“fill the alley’s wall with a pair of feathered wings”可知，艾丽卡有了一个想法，故选D。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从The West Volusia Beacon报纸的老板那里得到了许可，在这家报纸的大楼上用粉笔创作她的艺术作品。A. permission许可；B. attention注意力；C. advice建议；D. praise赞扬；根据下文“from the owner of The West Volusia Beacon newspaper to ___7___ her piece of artwork on the paper’s building”可知，此处表示艾丽卡得到了老板的许可，故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. stick粘贴；B. describe描述；C. chalk用粉笔写；D. color着色；根据下文“replacing chalk with paint”可知，此处表示艾丽卡用粉笔创作她的艺术作品，故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在社交媒体上发布了这幅完工艺术作品的照片。A. article 文章；B. artwork 艺术作品；C. photograph 照片；D. program 节目。此处指她墙体上完成的翅膀壁画这件艺术作品，故选B。 9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：很快，这张照片开始在社交媒体上传播开来。A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. Soon很快；根据下文“it just started spreading. People kept coming into the store, asking Erica and her colleagues where the wings were and taking their own pictures.”可知，这张照片很快就开始传播，故选D。 10. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：大楼的主人很快抓住这一趋势，并要求艾丽卡用油漆代替粉笔，让翅膀更持久。A. made up for弥补；B. caught on to抓住；C. broke away from脱离；D. ran out of用完；根据下文“replacing chalk with paint”可知，大楼的主人抓住这一趋势，要求艾丽卡用油漆代替粉笔，让翅膀更持久，故选B。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. interesting有趣的；B. famous著名的；C. lasting持久的；D. natural自然的；根据下文“replacing chalk with paint.”可知，大楼的主人要求艾丽卡用油漆代替粉笔，目的是让翅膀更持久，故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，已经有1400多人在翅膀前拍照，通常会在Twitter、Instagram和Meta上分享这些照片。A. sharing分享；B. introducing介绍；C. advertising广告；D. editing编辑；根据下文“them on Twitter, Instagram and Meta”可知，此处说的是人们会在社交媒体上分享这些照片，故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这成了镇上的一项很酷的寻宝活动，”艾丽卡说，“翅膀就藏在这条小巷里。”A. hidden隐藏；B. covered覆盖；C. lost丢失；D. ignored忽略；根据上文“It’s become a cool treasure-hunt in town”可知，翅膀的位置不好找，就像是藏在小巷里一样，故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. history历史；B. meaning意义；C. influence影响；D. location位置；根据上文“It’s become a cool treasure-hunt in town”可知，翅膀的位置不好找，人们会来询问翅膀的位置，故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位艺术家希望每个人都能按自己的理解看待这幅翅膀作品。A. remembered记住；B. understood理解；C. created创造；D. drawn画；根据下文“Despite the various explanations, they certainly seem to be inspiring people and bringing a bit of joy to Erica's hometown”可知，艾丽卡希望翅膀的意义能被理解，故选B。 三、应用文写作 (一) (24-25高一下·山东菏泽·期中)假定你是某国际高中学生会主席李华，你市博物馆正在举办齐白石作品展，学生可以免费观展。本周三下午校学生会将组织感兴趣的学生统一观展，请你写一则通知。 内容包括：1. 参观时间； 2. 画家及画作简介； 3. 报名地点。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Attention, please. I have an announcement to make. There is going to be an exhibition of the works of Qi Baishi in our city museum. And we are scheduled to pay a visit this Wednesday afternoon. Qi Baishi was one of the most well-known contemporary Chinese painters. He generally focused on the smaller things of the world. The shrimps he painted are especially lifelike. In the exhibition, there will be over 80 paintings by Qi Baishi and his students, of which Qi Baishi’s works account for more than 90%. This activity is free of charge for all of the students. Those who are interested can sign up at the office of the Students’ Union now. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则通知，说明参观齐白石作品展的时间，画家及画作简介，以及报名参加活动的地点。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 展览：exhibition → display 著名的：well-known → famous 集中精力于：focus on → concentrate on 注册，报名：sign up → register 2. 句式拓展 原 句：Qi Baishi was one of the most well known contemporary Chinese painters. He generally focused on the smaller things of the world. 拓展句：Qi Baishi was one of the most well known contemporary Chinese painters, who generally focused on the smaller things of the world. 【高分句型】 1. The shrimps he painted are especially lifelike.(运用了省略that引导的定语从句) 2. In the exhibition, there will be over 80 paintings by Qi Baishi and his students, of which Qi Baishi’s works account for more than 90%.(运用了“介词+which”引导的定语从句) (二) (25-26高二上·重庆·阶段检测)假如你是李华，你校国际部计划下个月举办“中外绘画名家作品展”，现向全体学生征集画家推荐。请你根据以下提示，给国际部负责人Mr.Smith写一封电子邮件，推荐你心中的理想画家。 写作要点：1. 简要介绍该画家(国籍、时期、主要风格、代表作等)； 2. 解释推荐理由(艺术价值，人物品质，对学生的启发等)。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：代表作representative work 专攻于/专门从事specialise in Dear Mr. Smith, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Mr. Smith, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I’m writing to recommend Vincent van Gogh, a great Dutch painter, for the upcoming exhibition. Van Gogh lived in the late 19th century and specialised in Post-Impressionism. His works are famous for bright colours and strong brushstrokes. “The Starry Night” and “”“Sunflowers” are his well-known representative works. I recommend him because his paintings have high artistic value, showing unique views on nature and life. Besides, he kept pursuing his art dream even when life was hard, which sets a good example for us. His works can also inspire students to be creative in art. Hope you will consider my recommendation. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，推荐心中的理想画家。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming → coming 以……闻名：be famous for → be well-known for 独特的：unique → special 追求：pursue → go after 考虑：consider → think about 2. 句式拓展 原 句：Van Gogh lived in the late 19th century and specialised in Post-Impressionism. His works are famous for bright colours and strong brushstrokes. 拓展句：Van Gogh lived in the late 19th century and specialised in Post-Impressionism, whose works are famous for bright colours and strong brushstrokes. 【高分句型】 1. I recommend him because his paintings have high artistic value, showing unique views on nature and life.(运用了现在分词作状语) 2. Besides, he kept pursuing his art dream even when life was hard, which sets a good example for us.   (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 1 / 14 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $