Unit 5 Nature’s Temper同步阅读理解训练 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 以“大自然的脾气”单元主题为核心，构建四层梯度阅读训练，融合核心语法与中考题型，通过逐题精析提炼系统解题方法，实现语言能力与思维品质的递进培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A基础|5题/安全通知|词义猜测（主题关联）、细节定位（原文对应）|单元核心词temper应用，基础安全规则与条件状语从句结合| |B进阶|5题/暴雨经历|过去进行时（while/when场景）、简单推理（事件结果）|叙事逻辑与安全意识培养，连接个人经历与自然认知| |C拔高|5题/中外灾害对比|数字定位、正误判断（选项逐句核对）|跨文化视角下自然灾害数据对比，强化信息筛选能力| |D压轴|5题/雷电科普|科普细节（原理步骤）、写作意图（说明+提示）|物理原理与安全建议结合，提升科学思维与逻辑分析能力|

人教版八下 Unit5 Nature’s Temper 同步阅读理解训练 （中考命题标准｜四层梯度分层｜全文贴合单元主题｜附超详细逐题精析） 命题说明 1. 单元话题 大自然的脾气：各类天气、极端自然现象（暴雨、大风、暴雪、雷电、台风）、灾害避险、人与自然相处 2. 核心语法 过去进行时（when/while 描述突发天气）、形容词 / 副词描述天气、条件状语从句表避险建议 3. 梯度设置 A 基础：校园极端天气安全通知（应用文，基础细节） B 进阶：记叙文（暴雨亲身经历小故事，叙事感悟） C 拔高：说明文（中外常见自然灾害对比，长文本、数字题型增多） D 压轴：科普说明文（雷电形成原理科普，中考标准科普阅读题型） 4. 固定题型配比 词义猜测 1 道 + 细节理解 2 道 + 推理 / 正误判断 1 道 + 主旨 / 最佳标题 1 道 Passage A（基础 ★ School Weather Safety Notice） Our school gives us important safety rules when bad weather comes. 1. When there is thunder and lightning, we must stay inside classrooms. Don’t stand under tall trees. 2. If a heavy rainstorm comes, don’t run on the playground. The ground will be slippery. 3. When strong winds blow, close all classroom windows. Heavy things may fall down outside. 4. If a snowstorm arrives, walk slowly on the way home. Don’t play on icy roads. Tip: Nature has its temper. We must stay away from danger to keep safe. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. The underlined word “temper” means ____ in Chinese. A. 脾气；性情 B. 礼物 C. 风景 D. 食物 2. Where should we stay when there is lightning? A. Under tall trees B. Inside classrooms C. On the playground D. On icy roads 3. What will the ground be like after heavy rain? A. Dry B. Slippery C. Hot D. Soft 4. What should we close when strong winds come? A. School gates B. Classroom windows C. Library doors D. Playground walls 5. What’s the main idea of the notice? A. Safety rules for different bad weather B. Ways to enjoy sunny days C. Rules for school PE classes D. How to grow plants outdoors Passage B（进阶 ★★ A Terrible Rainstorm） Last Friday evening, I was reading books at home while my mom was cooking dinner. Suddenly, a heavy rainstorm hit our town. Dark clouds covered the sky in a minute. Thunder and lightning came one after another. The rain beat hard against the windows. My dad told us to stay away from the windows and turn off all electric lights. The rain lasted for nearly three hours. Some small trees fell down in our yard. After the rain stopped, I realized nature can be powerful and dangerous. We should learn safety knowledge to protect ourselves when nature shows its bad temper. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 6. What was the writer doing when the rainstorm came? A. Cooking dinner B. Reading books C. Watching TV D. Cleaning rooms 7. Who told the family to stay away from windows? A. The writer’s mom B. The writer’s dad C. The writer’s teacher D. The writer’s grandma 8. How long did the heavy rain last? A. For one hour B. For nearly three hours C. For half a day D. For a whole night 9. What happened after the rainstorm? A. All trees grew taller B. Some small trees fell down C. The sky became dark forever D. The house broke down 10. What can we learn from the story? A. Bad weather is harmless to people B. We need to learn natural safety skills C. Rainstorms never last long D. We can stand near windows in storms Passage C（拔高 ★★★ Common Natural Disasters in Different Countries 难度提升 A survey of 480 Grade Eight students talks about common natural disasters in China and Australia. In China, rainstorms and floods happen quite often every summer. About 67% of students have seen heavy floods in their hometowns. When floods come, people have to move to higher ground. Snowstorms often hit northern China in winter. Roads become icy and traffic stops for days. In Australia, strong windstorms are the most usual natural trouble. Over 72% of local teens say they meet powerful winds every year. Big winds may break houses and pull trees out of the ground. Few floods happen there because the land is dry most of the time. Weather scientists say all natural disasters are the temper of nature. We can’t stop them, but enough safety knowledge can help us stay out of danger. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 11. How many students took part in this survey? A. 380 B. 480 C. 580 D. 680 12. The underlined word “icy” means ____ in Chinese. A. 结冰的 B. 干燥的 C. 炎热的 D. 多风的 13. What disaster often comes to China in summer? A. Windstorms B. Snowstorms C. Rainstorms and floods D. Big fires 14. Which sentence is TRUE according to the text? A. Floods take place very often in Australia B. Most Australian kids meet strong winds every year C. Snowstorms hit southern China in winter D. We can stop all natural disasters 15. What’s the best title for the article? A. Common natural disasters in two countries B. Good ways to stay outside in storms C. How to plant trees in rainy areas D. School safety class rules Passage D（压轴 ★★★★ 科普说明文 How Thunder and Lightning Form） Thunder and lightning are common temper of nature during heavy rainstorms, but few students know how they form. Inside rain clouds, small ice pieces move up and down quickly. When these ice pieces hit each other again and again, different electric charges build up inside the cloud. When the difference of charges becomes too big, bright lightning jumps between clouds or from clouds to the ground. The lightning heats the air around it in a very short time. The hot air expands fast and makes a loud big sound — that is thunder. Lightning moves much faster than thunder. That’s why we always see bright light first before hearing the loud noise. Lightning is very dangerous. It can hurt people and burn buildings. Scientists remind us to stay indoors and never stay under tall trees when lightning appears. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 16. What moves quickly inside rain clouds? A. Small ice pieces B. Rain drops C. Wind D. Hot air 17. The underlined word “expands” means ____ in Chinese. A. 收缩 B. 膨胀；扩张 C. 融化 D. 降落 18. Why do we see lightning first before thunder? A. Thunder forms earlier B. Lightning travels faster C. Thunder stays in clouds D. Lightning makes less noise 19. Which of the following is TRUE about lightning? A. It is safe to stand under trees in lightning B. Lightning can burn buildings C. Thunder comes before lightning D. There are no ice pieces in rain clouds 20. What is the writer’s purpose of writing this science passage? A. Explain the forming of thunder and lightning and safety tips B. Introduce floods in northern China C. Show survey results of Australian teens D. Tell personal rainstorm experience 参考答案 Passage A：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A Passage B：6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B Passage C：11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A Passage D：16.A 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A 逐题完整精准精析 Passage A【基础｜应用文｜考点：单元核心词 temper、极端天气安全细节】 1. 答案：A 词义猜测。单元标题 Nature’s Temper 大自然的脾气，后文介绍暴雨、雷电等恶劣天气，temper 指自然的性情、脾气；其余词义和天气主题无关。 2. 答案：B 细节定位原文 When there is thunder and lightning, we must stay inside classrooms，打雷闪电时必须待在室内，树下极易触电，禁止停留。 3. 答案：B slippery 意为湿滑，大雨过后操场地面湿滑，禁止奔跑。 4. 答案：B 原文 When strong winds blow, close all classroom windows，大风天气关好教室窗户，防止高空坠物。 5. 答案：A 主旨概括：全文罗列暴雨、雷电、大风、暴雪四种恶劣天气对应的校园安全守则，其余内容为无关细碎信息。 Passage B【进阶｜记叙文｜考点：过去进行时 while/when、简单推理、天气安全意识】 6. 答案：B 细节定位 I was reading books at home while my mom was cooking dinner，暴雨来袭时作者正在看书。 7. 答案：B 原文 My dad told us to stay away from the windows，是爸爸提醒全家远离窗户。 8. 答案：B The rain lasted for nearly three hours，暴雨持续近三小时。 9. 答案：B 推理线索 Some small trees fell down in our yard，暴雨过后院子里小树被吹倒，其余选项与原文完全相反。 10. 答案：B 文章结尾点明主旨：大自然威力巨大，我们必须学习安全知识保护自己；A、C、D 表述均错误。 Passage C【拔高｜说明文｜考点：数字定位、词义猜测、正误判断（中考高频易错题）】 11. 答案：B 数字定位 A survey of 480 Grade Eight students，共有 480 名八年级学生参与调研。 12. 答案：A 词义猜测，snowstorm 暴雪过后路面结冰，icy 表示结冰的；干燥 / 炎热 / 多风不符合暴雪场景。 13. 答案：C 原文 In China, rainstorms and floods happen quite often every summer，中国夏季多发暴雨洪水。 14. 答案：B 逐项核对： A 错，澳大利亚气候干燥，洪水很少； B 对，Over 72% of local teens say they meet powerful winds every year； C 错，暴雪冬季袭击中国北方，不是南方； D 错，人类无法阻止自然灾害。 15. 答案：A 最佳标题，文章对比中澳两国常见自然灾害，完整覆盖全文对比核心，其余仅单一局部内容。 Passage D【压轴｜科普说明文｜考点：科普细节、词义猜测、写作意图（中考科普必考题型）】 16. 答案：A 细节定位 Inside rain clouds, small ice pieces move up and down quickly，云层中小冰块快速碰撞移动。 17. 答案：B 词义猜测，闪电瞬间加热空气，空气快速膨胀产生雷声，expand 意为膨胀、扩张。 18. 答案：B 原文 Lightning moves much faster than thunder，光的传播速度远快于声音，因此先看见闪电再听见雷声。 19. 答案：B 正误判断： A 错，闪电时树下极度危险； B 对，Lightning is very dangerous. It can hurt people and burn buildings； C 错，先闪电后雷声； D 错，云层内部存在大量小冰块。 20. 答案：A 科普文写作逻辑：雷电是什么→形成原理→光声速度差异→雷电危险与避险方法；写作目的讲解雷电形成原理并给出安全提示，洪水、调研、个人经历均为次要素材。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $