Unit 3 Getting along with others（核心语法精练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦限制性定语从句关系代词，通过基础到综合的题型设计，构建“识别-应用-迁移”的知识逻辑链，提升语言运用与语境分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点夯基|单项选择20题、语法填空25题、完成句子20题、句型转换10题|聚焦关系代词that/which/who/whose等基础用法，通过选择、填空、转换强化概念识别与基础应用|从关系代词基本功能（指人/物/所属关系）到特殊用法（先行词为all/最高级等用that），形成“概念-规则-基础应用”的逻辑递进| |综合提升|语法填空3篇、阅读理解1篇、读后续写1题|结合真题语境考查关系代词在语篇中的运用，阅读理解含定语从句长难句分析，写作要求语法准确|从单句应用过渡到语篇理解与表达，实现“基础规则-语篇迁移-综合输出”的能力提升，契合高考对语法在语境中运用的考查要求|

Unit 3 Getting along with others 核心语法精练 (限制性定语从句-关系代词) 目录 1 1 一、单项选择 1 二、判断下列句子属于简单句，并列句，主从复合句 3 三、阅读短文，写出划线句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句 3 四、完成句子 5 5 一、语法填空(模考真题) 5 二、阅读理解(模考真题) 6 三、应用文写作(模考真题) 7 一、单项选择 1. This is the dictionary ________ helped me improve my vocabulary significantly. A. who B. when C. where D. that 2. The athletes in the World Cup showed the skills and determination ________ carry them through every game. A. when B. that C. why D. what 3. This is the book ________ I bought in the bookstore last week. A. what B. whose C. who D. which 4. The student ________ project won the first prize ________ every classmate with his creative ideas. A. whose; have impressed B. which; has impressed C. whose; has impressed D. that; have impressed 5. This is the most interesting novel ________ I have ever read. A. which B. what C. that D. when 6. The boy ________ helped me with my English is my best friend. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 7. We met the artist ________ paintings were being exhibited at the gallery. A. whom B. who C. whose D. that 8. All ________ we need is enough time to finish the work. A. which B. that C. what D. who 9. This is the old bike ________ my father bought ten years ago. A. that B. what C. when D. who 10. The house ________ we lived in last year is very beautiful. A. which B. whose C. who D. where 11. The Giant Panda National Park is intended to provide stronger protection for all species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range ________ significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. A. that; or B. that; and C. which; and D. which; or 12. ________ reasonable the reasons ________ they provided for their delay might sound, the teacher was not obviously satisfied. A. However; why B. So; why C. However; that D. So; that 13. I never forget those days ________ we spent in the primary school together. A. which B. what C. where D. why 14. Do you know the girl ________ father is a policeman? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 15. ________ that it will first be available to artists and filmmakers ________ the inventors think won’t misuse it. A. So complex scenes can Sora generate; whom B. Such complex scenes can Sora generate; who C. So complex a scene Sora can generate; who D. Such a complex scene can Sora generate; whom 16. I don’t know ________ the boy ________ is standing over there is. A. that; who B. what; who C. what; which D. where; that 17. The way ________ we communicate will be totally different in the future. A. that B. what C. which D. by which 18. This is the student ________ handwriting is the most beautiful in our class. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 19. He is the boy ________ we played basketball with last weekend. A. what B. which C. whom D. whose 20. Most students like the teachers ________ can make classes lively and interesting. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 二、单句语法填空 1. The family ________ I met at the airport were very kind. 2. Have you forgotten about the money ________ I lent you last week? 3. Early in the morning, hikers packed everything ________ they will need for the day’s hike. 4. She is a teacher ________ has much teaching experience. 5. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. Drawn by the aroma of street food, they line up in front of stands ________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 6. The typhoon ________ came last night destroyed many houses. 7. Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all ________ he saw and heard in China. 8. The destination ________ is marked on the map as a "must-see" spot attracts thousands of tourists annually. 9. The report ________ Mr Black handed in was about the motor race. 10. I know the boy ________ father is a doctor. 11. I cherish the precious time with my classmates ________ accompany and encourage me all the way. 12. Is this the house ________ Premier Zhou Enlai once visited? 13. The reason ________ he gave just now was not believable. 14. I will never forget the day________ I spent with the famous astronaut. 15. It is the tallest building ________ Nancy has seen ever since she came here. 16. The first thing ________ he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 17. The Chinese will never forget the earthquake ________ happened in 2008 in Sichuan. 18. There is nothing ________ can stop us from realizing our dreams. 19. I don’t like the movie ________ we saw last night. 20. The story ________ he told us yesterday is very touching and educational. 21. The most important festivals are the ones ________ seek the end of winter and the coming of spring. 22. Everything ________ you prepare will help homeless families. 23. I know the nurse ________ brother works in rescue center. 24. This is the only supply station ________ can offer fresh water. 25. The expert with ________ you talked just now knows data analysis well. 三. 完成句子 1. This is the person __________________________________. 这就是我们正在找的人。 2. This is _____________________________ I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 3. 这是我参观过的最美丽的城市。 This is the most beautiful city ________ ________ ________ ________. 4. 我喜欢那些乐于助人的人。 I like people ________ ________ ready to help others. 5. 他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。 He is the only student ________ ________ the exam. 6. 这就是我昨天谈论的那位老师。 This is the teacher ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 7. Writing was __________________ interested her.写作是她唯一感兴趣的事。 8. 任何努力工作的人都会成功。 ________ ________ works hard will succeed. 9. 你知道那个头发很长的女孩吗？ Do you know the girl ________ ________ is very long? 10. 这就是我们昨天参观的那座博物馆。 This is the museum ________ ________ visited yesterday. 11. She took photographs of the things and people __________________. 她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。 12. 同属于联合王国的四个国家在一些领域协同合作。 The four countries ________________ the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 13. 病毒是很微小的致病生命体。 A virus is a very small living thing ________ causes disease. 14. There will be no difficulty in the world ____________________. 世界上没有什么困难是他们无法克服的。 15. 他认为, 有合适的动植物结合，他可能能够以大自然的方式清理污染。 (the way后的定语从句) With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste _________ (that/in which) nature did. 16. 老师强调了若干与即将到来的运动会相关的要点。 The teacher highlighted several points ________________ the upcoming sports meeting. 17. 众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。(一句多译)   As is known to all, China is a country ______________________. (非谓语动词作定语) As is known to all, China is a country ______________________. (定语从句) 18. 我必须做的第一件事是完成作业。 The first ________ ________ I must do is finish my homework. 19. 《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》是西方最早的诗歌之一，被视为西方文学的经典杰作。 The Iliad and the Odyssey are among the earliest Western poems ________ are considered masterpieces of Western literature. 20. 提交给环保机构的修复计划是来自不同领域的专家共同努力的成果。 The restoration plan ________________________________ the environmental agency was a collective effort involving experts from various fields. 四、句型转换 1. The soldier helped old people. We met him yesterday. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. The rescue workers saved many kids. They rushed to the flood-stricken area. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Nobody forgets the volunteers. They risked their lives in the storm. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in. → I want to talk to the boys __________. (合并句子) 5. The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate. (合并句子) →The student ________________ will organize the party of our school. 6. He will visit the famous dam in 2019. It was built in 1900. (合并句子) →He will visit the famous dam in 2019 ________________. 7. The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner. → The man ________ is a miner. (合并句子) 8. The book is very interesting. I read it yesterday. (合并为定语从句) →The book ________ ________ ________ yesterday is very interesting. 9. I have read the novel. My deskmate recommended it to me last week. (用定语从句合并句子) →I have read the novel ________________. 10. The reporter’s camera was broken. His report covered the earthquake. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 1 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 2 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 3 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 4 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 5 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 6 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 7 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 8 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 9 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 10 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. B There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. C When I was a kid, one day I found a little sheepdog on my way home from school. The owner was the grandmother of my friend, 1 told me that they were giving the dog away, and I could have her 2 I wanted her. Well, needless to say, I wanted her! When I brought her home with delight, I 3 (tell) we could not have that dog in the house. My father told me we could take care of her 4 we found another home for her. My father did all he could to avoid 5 (stay) with the dog, giving her no attention. Occasionally, he urged me to find the new owner 6 the dog. One day, when my mother and I came home from the grocery store, my mom stopped me at the front window. My dad was on the floor, 7 (play) with that precious little sheepdog. 8 (instant) he heard us at the door, he quickly jumped up, 9 went about his business, but I will never forget 10 I saw that day! When that dog died, my father even cried! The sheepdog has brought wonderful memories to me and my family. 二、阅读理解 For lots of kids, toddlerhood(幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn proper boundaries. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words — not fists — to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed. 1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior? A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games. 2. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand basic social knowledge and rules. 3. Why does the author use the quoted sentences in Paragraph 4? A. To present specific practical examples. B. To explain a difficult social concept. C. To prove the results of earlier studies. D. To make a clear comparison. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Knowledge of Toddlers’ Social Interaction B. Different Ways Kids Express Personal Feelings C. Typical Bad Behaviors among Young Children D. Ways to Build Long-term Friendship for Teenagers 三、读后续写 Scout could clearly remember the night when she had to leave her home in Poland. It was the beginning of World War Ⅱ and her family had to escape as soon as possible. She quickly packed a suitcase with a few pieces of clothing, her diary, and her most prized treasure, a silk scarf(围巾). Scout and her best friend, Betty, had persuaded their parents to buy them matching scarves, which they took as a symbol of their friendship. Scout didn’t know she was going to America and would not be returning. Scout kept that special silk scarf for many years. One day she decided to give it to her granddaughter，Eliza, to wear to her first job interview for good luck. Scout was afraid that Eliza would lose the scarf, but the granddaughter promised, “Don’t worry, Grandma. Nothing’s going to happen to your scarf. You’ll see that it’s going to bring both of us luck.” And with that, Eliza kissed her grandmother and left for the interview. Leaving the interview, Eliza felt confident that she would get the job. So she decided to celebrate by going to a restaurant. Sitting at her table, Eliza felt an elderly woman staring at her for a long time. “I’m sorry. Do I know you?” asked Eliza. “I’m sorry, dear, but you remind me of my best friend.” replied the old woman. “She looked like you and used to wear a scarf just like yours.” Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open. She had heard the stories of her grandmother’s best friend and knew the meaning of the scarf. Could this woman be Betty, her grandmother’s childhood friend? 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Then the old woman introduced herself, “My name is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The old woman agreed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 5 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Getting along with others 核心语法精练 (限制性定语从句-关系代词) 目录 1 1 一、单项选择 1 二、判断下列句子属于简单句，并列句，主从复合句 5 三、阅读短文，写出划线句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句 8 四、完成句子 11 13 一、语法填空(模考真题) 13 二、阅读理解(模考真题) 17 三、应用文写作(模考真题) 19 一、单项选择 1. This is the dictionary ________ helped me improve my vocabulary significantly. A. who B. when C. where D. that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这就是那本极大地帮助我提高了词汇量的字典。此处引导定语从句，先行词是the dictionary，指物，且在定语从句中作主语(helped前缺少主语)，因此需要使用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。 2. The athletes in the World Cup showed the skills and determination ________ carry them through every game. A. when B. that C. why D. what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：世界杯上的运动员们展现出了使他们顺利完成每一场比赛的技巧和决心。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the skills and determination”，指物，且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导。选项中只有that符合要求。 3. This is the book ________ I bought in the bookstore last week. A. what B. whose C. who D. which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这就是我上周在书店买的那本书。此处为定语从句，先行词为the book，指物，在从句中作bought的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。 4. The student ________ project won the first prize ________ every classmate with his creative ideas. A. whose; have impressed B. which; has impressed C. whose; has impressed D. that; have impressed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那个项目获得了一等奖的学生用他富有创意的想法给每位同学都留下了深刻印象。第一空，空处引导定语从句，先行词是The student，空处在从句中作定语修饰project，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose；第二空，据语境应用现在完成时，主句主语The student为单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式has impressed。 5. This is the most interesting novel ________ I have ever read. A. which B. what C. that D. when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我读过的最有趣的小说。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词novel被最高级the most interesting修饰，用关系代词that引导定语从句。 6. The boy ________ helped me with my English is my best friend. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：帮我辅导英语的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。“______ helped me with my English”为限制性定语从句，先行词是the boy，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。 7. We met the artist ________ paintings were being exhibited at the gallery. A. whom B. who C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们遇到了那位画作正在画廊展出的艺术家。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the artist，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词paintings，表示“这位艺术家的画”，应用关系代词whose。 8. All ________ we need is enough time to finish the work. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们所需要的就是足够的时间来完成这项工作。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词all，先行词为不定代词，且在从句中作宾语，此时关系代词只能用that引导该从句。 9. This is the old bike ________ my father bought ten years ago. A. that B. what C. when D. who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这就是我父亲十年前买的那辆旧自行车。 空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the old bike(指物)，从句缺宾语，因此需要使用关系代词that。 10. The house ________ we lived in last year is very beautiful. A. which B. whose C. who D. where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们去年住过的那栋房子很漂亮。先行词the house是表示事物的名词，定语从句中存在介词in，空格处需要指代物并作in的宾语，which可指代事物、在从句中作宾语。 11. The Giant Panda National Park is intended to provide stronger protection for all species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range ________ significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. A. that; or B. that; and C. which; and D. which; or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为大熊猫分布区内所有物种提供更强有力的保护，并大幅改善该区域的生态系统状况。 ________ live within the Giant Panda Range是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词all species，先行词是事物且被all修饰，关系代词要用that，不用which；第二空前后的“to provide stronger protection for all species”与“significantly improve the health of the ecosystem”是并列的两个目的状语，表示顺承关系，要用并列连词and，不能用表示选择关系的or，选项B符合题干要求。 12. ________ reasonable the reasons ________ they provided for their delay might sound, the teacher was not obviously satisfied. A. However; why B. So; why C. However; that D. So; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：无论他们为迟到提供的理由听起来多么合理，老师显然都不满意。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处为让步状语从句，表示“无论多么合理”，应使用“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”结构，所以第一空为However；第二空，此处为定语从句，先行词为the reasons，在从句中作动词provided的宾语，指物，应使用关系代词that或which引导。 13. I never forget those days ________ we spent in the primary school together. A. which B. what C. where D. why 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起在小学度过的那些日子。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词days，指物，在定语从句中作spent的宾语，应用关系代词which。 14. Do you know the girl ________ father is a policeman? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你认识那个父亲是警察的女孩吗？本空引导定语从句，先行词the girl指人，先行词和从句中的father是所属关系，用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语修饰father。 15. ________ that it will first be available to artists and filmmakers ________ the inventors think won’t misuse it. A. So complex scenes can Sora generate; whom B. Such complex scenes can Sora generate; who C. So complex a scene Sora can generate; who D. Such a complex scene can Sora generate; whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Sora能生成如此复杂的画面，因此这款工具将首先向创作者与电影制作人开放，研发者认为这些人不会滥用它。第一空考查so/such... that...句型的部分倒装。当so/such...结构位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装，修饰复数名词短语complex scenes需要用such，且助动词can应提至主语Sora之前；第二空考查定语从句，先行词为artists and filmmakers，指人，在定语从句中作主语(the inventors think为插入语)，需要用主格关系代词who。 16. I don’t know ________ the boy ________ is standing over there is. A. that; who B. what; who C. what; which D. where; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不知道站在那里的那个男孩是干什么的。第一空需要填入宾语从句的引导词，宾语从句中缺少表语，应用what来提问人的职业或身份；第二空需要填入定语从句的关系代词，先行词是the boy(指人)，且在定语从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。 17. The way ________ we communicate will be totally different in the future. A. that B. what C. which D. by which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们未来的沟通方式将会完全不同。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the way。在定语从句中，当先行词是the way，且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，定语从句的引导词通常有三种形式：that、in which或者直接省略。选项中只有that符合此语法规则。 18. This is the student ________ handwriting is the most beautiful in our class. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这就是我们班字迹最漂亮的那个学生。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the student，且关系词在从句中作名词handwriting的定语，表示“这个学生的”，两者之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose。 19. He is the boy ________ we played basketball with last weekend. A. what B. which C. whom D. whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他就是那个我们上周末一起打篮球的男孩。根据“the boy”可知，先行词指人，从句中with后缺少宾语，应使用指人的宾格关系代词whom。 20. Most students like the teachers ________ can make classes lively and interesting. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大多数学生喜欢能让课堂变得生动有趣的老师。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the teachers，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。 二、单句语法填空 1. The family ________ I met at the airport were very kind. 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】句意：我在机场碰到的那一家人十分友善。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为The family，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应使用关系代词that/who/whom。 2. Have you forgotten about the money ________ I lent you last week? 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：你忘了上周我借给你的那笔钱吗？此处考查定语从句，先行词the money，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 3. Early in the morning, hikers packed everything ________ they will need for the day’s hike. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：清晨时分，徒步者们收拾好了当天徒步所需的一切物品。空处引导定语从句，先行词是everything，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导。 4. She is a teacher ________ has much teaching experience. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：她是一名拥有丰富教学经验的老师。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a teacher指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用who或that。 5. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. Drawn by the aroma of street food, they line up in front of stands ________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：远近的人们在大集日涌入这些市场。被街头食物的香气吸引，他们在供应热气腾腾的饺子和热汤面的摊位前排队。空格处引导定语从句，stands为先行词，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。 6. The typhoon ________ came last night destroyed many houses. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：昨夜来袭的台风摧毁了大量房屋。空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是指代事物的The typhoon， 可以用关系代词that/which引导从句。 7. Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all ________ he saw and heard in China. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词all，指代“所有事物”，关系词只能用that引导，代替先行词在从句中作saw和heard的宾语。 8. The destination ________ is marked on the map as a "must-see" spot attracts thousands of tourists annually. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：地图上标记为“必游之地”的这个目的地每年吸引成千上万名游客。此处为定语从句，先行词The destination，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 9. The report ________ Mr Black handed in was about the motor race. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：布莱克先生上交的那份报告是关于汽车比赛的。此处引导定语从句，先行词the report指物，在从句中作宾语，所以此处使用关系代词that/which，关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略。 10. I know the boy ________ father is a doctor. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：我认识那个男孩，他父亲是一名医生。空处引导定语从句，先行词the boy与father是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 11. I cherish the precious time with my classmates ________ accompany and encourage me all the way. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：我珍惜与同窗相伴的珍贵时光，他们一路陪伴并鼓励我。空处引导限制性定语从句用，先行词classmates指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that引导。 12. Is this the house ________ Premier Zhou Enlai once visited? 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：这就是周恩来总理曾经到访过的那栋房子吗？此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the house，指物，从句中缺少宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 13. The reason ________ he gave just now was not believable. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：他刚才给出的理由并不可信。 此处为定语从句，先行词The reason，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 14. I will never forget the day________ I spent with the famous astronaut. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我和这位著名宇航员一同度过的那一天。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词the day在从句中作spent的宾语，用关系代词which/that作引导词。 15. It is the tallest building ________ Nancy has seen ever since she came here. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：这是南希自从来到这里以来见过的最高的建筑。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词building，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词被最高级the tallest修饰，关系代词只能用that。 16. The first thing ________ he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他到家后做的第一件事就是做家庭作业。此空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The first thing，定语从句中缺少did的宾语，先行词被序数词(如 first, second, last等)修饰时，关系代词只能用that。 17. The Chinese will never forget the earthquake ________ happened in 2008 in Sichuan. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：中国人民永远不会忘记2008年发生在四川的那场地震。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词earthquake在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that作引导词。 18. There is nothing ________ can stop us from realizing our dreams. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词nothing，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词为不定代词，关系词只能用that。 19. I don’t like the movie ________ we saw last night. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：我不喜欢我们昨晚看的那部电影。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the movie；先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，因此可以使用关系代词which或that引导该从句。 20. The story ________ he told us yesterday is very touching and educational. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：他昨天给我们讲的这个故事十分感人且富有教育意义。此处考查限定性定语从句，先行词是story，指物，从句缺宾语，用关系代词that/which。 21. The most important festivals are the ones ________ seek the end of winter and the coming of spring. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：最重要的节日是那些寻求冬日结束、春天来临的节日。先行词是the ones，指代前文提到的festivals，指物，在定语从句中作主语，当先行词是不定代词ones且指代物时，关系代词常用that。 22. Everything ________ you prepare will help homeless families. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：你准备的这些东西都会帮到无家可归的家庭。空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，当先行词为Everything时，关系代词用that。 23. I know the nurse ________ brother works in rescue center. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：我认识那位哥哥在救援中心工作的护士。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the nurse；先行词与从句中的brother之间存在所属关系，即“护士的哥哥”，故应用关系代词whose引导该从句，在从句中作定语，修饰brother。 24. This is the only supply station ________ can offer fresh water. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：这是唯一一座能够提供淡水的供应站。空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为the only supply station，指物，先行词受到限定词the only修饰，只能用关系代词that。 25. The expert with ________ you talked just now knows data analysis well. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：刚刚和你交谈的那位专家很了解数据分析。这是一个定语从句，先行词是The expert，在从句you talked just now中，talk with sb.表示“与某人交谈”，此处介词with提前，先行词在从句中作with的宾语，且先行词指人，所以用关系代词whom。 三. 完成句子 1. This is the person __________________________________. 这就是我们正在找的人。 【答案】(that/who/whom)we are looking for 【详解】根据句意以及句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词 the person 指代人，关系代词在从句中作动词短语look for“寻找”的宾语，因此可用 who、whom、that，也可以直接省略关系词。中文“正在找”对应现在进行时，从句谓语用 are looking for，贴合“正在进行的动作”的语义。 2. This is _____________________________ I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 【答案】the first film that 【详解】句意：这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。“第一部电影”翻译为the first film；空格后的部分是定语从句，修饰先行词film，先行词前有first修饰，且关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that。 3. 这是我参观过的最美丽的城市。 This is the most beautiful city ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】that I have visited 【详解】定语从句修饰先行词city，在从句作宾语，且由最高级修饰，只能用that引导；主语为I；表示“参观”用visit；从句为现在完成时。 4. 我喜欢那些乐于助人的人。 I like people ________ ________ ready to help others. 【答案】who are 【详解】陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，先行词people指人，用who引导从句，be ready to do为固定搭配，主语为复数，be动词用are。 5. 他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。 He is the only student ________ ________ the exam. 【答案】that passed 【详解】student后为定语从句，先行词student被the only修饰，指代人，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。表示“通过(考试)”用pass，动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。 6. 这就是我昨天谈论的那位老师。 This is the teacher ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 【答案】I talked about 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“我昨天谈论的”，该部分作为定语从句，修饰先行词the teacher，指人，且关系词在从句中作宾语，可以用关系代词who/whom/that引导，引导词可省略，从句主语为I，“讨论”用动词短语talk about，结合时间yesterday用一般过去时。 7. Writing was __________________ interested her.写作是她唯一感兴趣的事。 【答案】the only thing that 【详解】表示“唯一的事”用the only thing，用限制性定语从句修饰先行词thing，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有the only限定，关系代词只能用that。 8. 任何努力工作的人都会成功。 ________ ________ works hard will succeed. 【答案】Anyone who 【详解】第一空处应填主句的主语“任何人”,用anyone表示，作先行词,在句首时首字母大写；第二空处应填关系代词引导定语从句，当先行词为anyone时，可用who引导定语从句，指代先行词，且在从句中作主语。 9. 你知道那个头发很长的女孩吗？ Do you know the girl ________ ________ is very long? 【答案】whose hair 【详解】“头发很长的”是定语修饰“女孩”，应为定语从句修饰先行词the girl，且第二空应是从句主语“头发”，用hair表示，与先行词之间为所属关系，此时第一空处应用whose引导定语从句，并在从句中修饰hair。 10. 这就是我们昨天参观的那座博物馆。 This is the museum ________ ________ visited yesterday. 【答案】that / which we 【详解】第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词museum，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应填关系词that或which(作visited的宾语，指代museum)；第二空表示“我们”，应用we，从句主语。 11. She took photographs of the things and people __________________. 她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。 【答案】that she was interested in 【详解】表示“她感兴趣的”用限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the things and people(既指物又指人)；表示“她”用she，作主语；表示“感兴趣”用be interested in，根据took可知，用一般过去时，be动词用was。关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词that引导。 12. 同属于联合王国的四个国家在一些领域协同合作。 The four countries ________________ the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 【答案】that belong to 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处表示“组成”，且句子已有谓语work together，因此可用指物的关系代词that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The four countries，“属于”可用动词短语belong to，句子描述一般性的事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是复数，belong保持原形。 13. 病毒是很微小的致病生命体。 A virus is a very small living thing ________ causes disease. 【答案】that/which 【详解】此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为a very small living thing，指代事物，且在从句中作主语(位于谓语动词causes之前)，需用关系代词that或which引导。 14. There will be no difficulty in the world ____________________. 世界上没有什么困难是他们无法克服的。 【答案】that they cannot overcome 【详解】定语从句修饰先行词difficulty，在从句作宾语，指物，故用that；从句主语为they；表示“克服”用动词overcome，且cannot后跟动词原形。 15. 他认为, 有合适的动植物结合，他可能能够以大自然的方式清理污染。 (the way后的定语从句) With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste _________ (that/in which) nature did. 【答案】the way 【详解】空处意思为方式，用名词“way”表示，后面(that/in which) nature did为定语从句，所以这里为特指，空处应为the way作先行词。 16. 老师强调了若干与即将到来的运动会相关的要点。 The teacher highlighted several points ________________ the upcoming sports meeting. 【答案】that were relevant to 【详解】根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“与……相关”应为固定短语be relevant to，可以使用限制性定语从句，修饰先行词points，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导；主句谓语highlighted提示句子时态为一般过去时，关系词指代的先行词points为复数，从句系动词对应使用were。 17. 众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。(一句多译)   As is known to all, China is a country ______________________. (非谓语动词作定语) As is known to all, China is a country ______________________. (定语从句) 【答案】 belonging to developing countries; which belongs to developing countries 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“属于中国”。“属于”用短语belong to，“发展中国家”翻译为developing countries。根据第一空提示“非谓语动词作定语”可知，a country与belong to之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语；根据第二空提示“定语从句”可知，先行词为a country，且关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句，从句时态为一般现在时态，陈述一般事实，所以谓语动词belong to第三人称单数。 18. 我必须做的第一件事是完成作业。 The first ________ ________ I must do is finish my homework. 【答案】thing that 【详解】表示“第一件事情”用the first thing，“I must do”是修饰thing的定语从句，从句缺宾语，且先行词thing被the first修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 19. 《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》是西方最早的诗歌之一，被视为西方文学的经典杰作。 The Iliad and the Odyssey are among the earliest Western poems ________ are considered masterpieces of Western literature. 【答案】that 【详解】空处引导限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，且先行词Western poems被形容词最高级the earliest修饰，只能用关系代词that作引导词。 20. 提交给环保机构的修复计划是来自不同领域的专家共同努力的成果。 The restoration plan ________________________________ the environmental agency was a collective effort involving experts from various fields. 【答案】(which was) submitted to 【详解】表示“提交给”用固定搭配submit to，修饰名词The restoration plan，二者为被动关系，需用过去分词短语作后置定语；也可使用which引导限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，根据后文was可知，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。 四、句型转换 1. The soldier helped old people. We met him yesterday. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The soldier whom/who we met yesterday helped old people. 【详解】句意：这位士兵帮助了老人。我们昨天遇到他了。两句共同提到了The soldier/him，将名词The soldier选定为先行词，以原句第一句作为主句，主语为The soldier；原句第二句改写为限制性定语从句，修饰主句主语The soldier，The soldier为先行词；原句第二句中的宾语him指代The soldier，改写为定语从句时用关系代词whom/who指代，需将whom/who置于先行词The soldier后，并在从句中省略him，主句谓宾结构保持不变，置于定语从句后，改写后的句子为“The soldier whom/who we met yesterday helped old people.”，其中whom/who we met yesterday为定语从句，whom/who为关系代词，在从句中作宾语。 2. The rescue workers saved many kids. They rushed to the flood-stricken area. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The rescue workers who/that rushed to the flood-stricken area saved many kids. 【详解】句意：救援人员救了很多孩子。他们急忙奔往受洪水侵袭地区。两句共同提到了The rescue workers/they，将名词The rescue workers选定为先行词，以原第一句作为主句，主语为The rescue workers，谓宾结构保持不变；原第二句改写为限制性定语从句，修饰主句主语The rescue workers；原第二句中的主语They指代The rescue workers，改写为定语从句时用关系代词who/that，需将who/that置于先行词The rescue workers后，并在从句中省略They，从句谓宾结构保持不变，改写后的句子为“The rescue workers who/that rushed to the flood-stricken area saved many kids.”，其中who/that rushed to the flood-stricken area为定语从句，who/that为关系代词，在从句中作主语。 3. Nobody forgets the volunteers. They risked their lives in the storm. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nobody forgets the volunteers who/that risked their lives in the storm. 【详解】句意：不会有人忘记这些志愿者们。他们在暴风雨中冒着生命危险。两句共同提到了the volunteers/they，将名词the volunteers选定为先行词，以原句第一句作为主句，原句第二句改写为限制性定语从句，先行词volunteers指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that作引导词。 4. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in. → I want to talk to the boys __________. (合并句子) 【答案】whose homework hasn’t been handed in 【详解】句意：我想和那些还没交作业的男孩们谈谈。两句有相同名词the boys，用定语从句合并；将第二句调整为定语从句，第一句作为主句。从句修饰先行词the boys，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰homework，用关系代词whose替换第二句中的Their。 5. The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate. (合并句子) →The student ________________ will organize the party of our school. 【答案】we saw at the school gate/who we saw at the school gate/whom we saw at the school gate/that we saw at the school gate 【详解】原句句意：这个学生将组织我们学校的晚会。我们在学校门口看到了他。原句中him指代前面的The student，可将The student作为先行词，用限制性定语从句对其修饰，先行词指人，在从句中作saw的宾语，应用关系代词who、whom或that作引导词，且引导词可省略。 6. He will visit the famous dam in 2019. It was built in 1900. (合并句子) →He will visit the famous dam in 2019 ________________. 【答案】which was built in 1900/that was built in 1900 【详解】原句句意：他将在2019年参观这座著名的水坝，它建于1900年。原句中It指代前面的the famous dam，可将the famous dam作为先行词，用限制性定语从句对其修饰，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。 7. The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner. → The man ________ is a miner. (合并句子) 【答案】who/that lives opposite our house 【详解】句意：住在我们家对面的那个男人是一名矿工。两句有相同名词the man，用定语从句合并；将第一句调整为定语从句，第二句作为主句。从句修饰先行词the man，先行词指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语，用关系代词who/that替换第一句中的The man。 8. The book is very interesting. I read it yesterday. (合并为定语从句) →The book ________ ________ ________ yesterday is very interesting. 【答案】that/which I read 【详解】句意：我昨天读的那本书非常有趣。后句中的it指代前句中的the book。所以把the book作先行词，指物，关系代词可用that/which，在从句中作read的宾语，从句主语为I，谓语为read，时态为一般过去时，因此空格依次填that/which I read。 9. I have read the novel. My deskmate recommended it to me last week. (用定语从句合并句子) →I have read the novel ________________. 【答案】(that/which) my deskmate recommended to me last week 【详解】根据题目要求改写为定语从句，空前the novel是先行词 ，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词that/which引导，也可省略，并把原句中的宾语it去掉，应填(that/which) my deskmate recommended to me last week。 10. The reporter’s camera was broken. His report covered the earthquake. (合并简单句为定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The reporter whose report covered the earthquake had his camera broken. 【详解】句意：这位记者的相机坏了。他的报道涵盖了这次地震。分析原句表述内容，最好使改写后的主从复杂句描述人的行为，故选定两句中共同提到的The reporter为主句主语，将原第一句改造为主句，主语为动作发出者The reporter时，谓宾部分可使用have sth. done结构表被动，主句改写为The reporter had his camera broken.，表达出原第一句的被动意味，因原第一句为一般过去时，改写后的主句也用一般过去时。原第二句主语为His report，与改好后的主句主语The reporter之间为所属关系，此时应用whose引导定语从句，并省略His，定语从句的主语变为whose report，谓宾部分保持不变，并将定语从句置于先行词The reporter之后，整合全句为The reporter whose report covered the earthquake had his camera broken. 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 1 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 2 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 3 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 4 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 5 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 6 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 7 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 8 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 9 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 10 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 【答案】 1. where 2. whose 3. who/that 4. where 5. that/ which 6. that/ which 7. who/that 8. that 9. that 10. that 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。 1. 考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：上个月我去了一个展览会，在那里我欣赏了很多很棒的画。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。 2. 考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。 3. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同2题。先行词为a model student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 4. 考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the exhibition hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 5. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同4句。先行词为picture，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 6. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The horse，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 7. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 8. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说 Mary 是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用 which。故填that。 9. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同8题。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 10. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习绘画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 【点睛】学习定语从句除了掌握定语从句的基本规则以外，多记忆一些典型例句，做到语法句中学。例如：This is the school (that/which)I visited last year. 这是我去年参观的学校。This is the school where I studied last year.这是我去年在那里学习的学校。I will never forget the day(that/which) I spent in Beijing.我永远忘不掉我在北京度过的那天。I will never forget the day when I stayed in Beijing. 我永远忘不掉我在北京逗留的那天。I know a girl who is called Mary./I know a girl whose name is Mary.我认识个女孩名叫Mary。 B There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 【答案】 1. when 2. another 3. has been opened 4. who 5. to dream 6. happiest 7. necessarily 8. comes 9. forgotten 10. around 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 2. 考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 3. 考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 4. 考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 5. 考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 6. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 7. 考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 8. 考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 9. 考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 10. 考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 【点睛】that在定语从句中是既可以指人也可以 指物，当先行词是all, something,nothing等不定代词用that，这是that和which在比较是都在指物的情况下，不包括指人时。当先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone ,someone等并且指人时，我们只用who。 从句中要注意先行词和动词的对应关系。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数，动词要用三单；主语为非第三人称单数，动词用原形。 C When I was a kid, one day I found a little sheepdog on my way home from school. The owner was the grandmother of my friend, 1 told me that they were giving the dog away, and I could have her 2 I wanted her. Well, needless to say, I wanted her! When I brought her home with delight, I 3 (tell) we could not have that dog in the house. My father told me we could take care of her 4 we found another home for her. My father did all he could to avoid 5 (stay) with the dog, giving her no attention. Occasionally, he urged me to find the new owner 6 the dog. One day, when my mother and I came home from the grocery store, my mom stopped me at the front window. My dad was on the floor, 7 (play) with that precious little sheepdog. 8 (instant) he heard us at the door, he quickly jumped up, 9 went about his business, but I will never forget 10 I saw that day! When that dog died, my father even cried! The sheepdog has brought wonderful memories to me and my family. 【答案】 1. who 2. if 3. was told 4. until/before 5. staying 6. for 7. playing 8. Instantly 9. and 10. what 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者收留的一只牧羊犬和家人相处的故事。 1. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：狗的主人是我朋友的祖母，她告诉我他们要把狗送人，如果我想要的话，我可以得到她。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词grandmother，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，因此用who。 2. 考查状语从句连接词。句意：如果我想要的话，我可以得到她。句中的"I wanted her"是作者收留小狗的条件，if引导条件状语从句。故填if。 3. 考查动词时态语态。句意：当我高兴地把她带回家时，有人告诉我不能让那只狗呆在家里。文中叙述的是过去发生的事，作者又是被家人告知，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was told。 4. 考查连接词。句意：我父亲告诉我，我们可以照顾她，直到我们为她找到另一个家。根据句意表示“直到……”，故填until。或填before，表示“我父亲告诉我，我们可以在为她找到另一个家之前照顾她。”。 5. 考查动词的固定结构。句意：我父亲尽其所能避免和狗呆在一起，对她不理不睬。短语avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，后接动名词作宾语。故填staying。 6. 考查介词。句意：偶尔，他催我给狗找个新主人。根据句意可知表示“为了……”，故填for。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我爸爸在地板上，和那只宝贝小牧羊犬玩耍。本句中play用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填playing。 8. 考查连接词。句意：他一听到我们在门口，马上跳了起来，继续干他的事，但是我永远也不会忘记那天我所看到的一切！依据句子结构可知，此处缺少连接词，依据句意“父亲一听到我们的声音，他立刻就……”可知，应用Instantly作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”。故填Instantly。 9. 考查连词。依据该空前后的两个动作jumped up和went about his business可知，这是两个连续的动作，因此用and连接。故填and。 10. 考查连接词。句意：但是我永远也不会忘记那天我所看到的一切！空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指“我所看到的事情”，故用what。 【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点： (1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等) (2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why) (3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句) 如第一小题，分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词grandmother，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，因此用who。 二、阅读理解 For lots of kids, toddlerhood(幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn proper boundaries. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words — not fists — to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed. 1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior? A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games. 2. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand basic social knowledge and rules. 3. Why does the author use the quoted sentences in Paragraph 4? A. To present specific practical examples. B. To explain a difficult social concept. C. To prove the results of earlier studies. D. To make a clear comparison. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Knowledge of Toddlers’ Social Interaction B. Different Ways Kids Express Personal Feelings C. Typical Bad Behaviors among Young Children D. Ways to Build Long-term Friendship for Teenagers 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 【导语】文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊的重要性，指出幼儿通过模仿表达喜欢，并解释了父母应如何通过设定界限、教孩子同情和用语言表达感受来引导孩子的社交行为。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior. (俄亥俄州立大学哥伦布分校的研究发现，幼儿在玩耍时表达“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为。)”可知，当幼儿模仿玩伴的行为时，这表明他们喜欢玩伴。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. (这就是为什么在幼儿的社交活动中扮演积极角色如此重要——设定界限并经常提醒他们这些界限是什么。当你建立这些指导原则时，要解释背后的原因。)”可知，作者建议父母帮助孩子理解基本的社交知识和规则。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). (首先帮助你的孩子学会同情(“本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心？”)，然后建议他如何解决问题(“如果你让他玩球，他可能会感觉好一些。”)。当你的孩子与朋友分享或表现出同理心时，表扬他(“本不哭了！你让他感觉好多了。”)。)”可推知，作者使用含引号的句子是为了提供具体的实际例子。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的第一句“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. (对许多孩子来说，幼儿时期是建立友谊的重要阶段。)”可知，全文围绕幼儿期社交展开，涵盖友谊的重要性、幼儿独特的情感表达方式、父母如何引导社交行为等内容，核心是介绍幼儿社交互动的相关知识。因此，“幼儿社交互动的知识”最契合文章主旨，适合用作文章标题。 三、读后续写 Scout could clearly remember the night when she had to leave her home in Poland. It was the beginning of World War Ⅱ and her family had to escape as soon as possible. She quickly packed a suitcase with a few pieces of clothing, her diary, and her most prized treasure, a silk scarf(围巾). Scout and her best friend, Betty, had persuaded their parents to buy them matching scarves, which they took as a symbol of their friendship. Scout didn’t know she was going to America and would not be returning. Scout kept that special silk scarf for many years. One day she decided to give it to her granddaughter，Eliza, to wear to her first job interview for good luck. Scout was afraid that Eliza would lose the scarf, but the granddaughter promised, “Don’t worry, Grandma. Nothing’s going to happen to your scarf. You’ll see that it’s going to bring both of us luck.” And with that, Eliza kissed her grandmother and left for the interview. Leaving the interview, Eliza felt confident that she would get the job. So she decided to celebrate by going to a restaurant. Sitting at her table, Eliza felt an elderly woman staring at her for a long time. “I’m sorry. Do I know you?” asked Eliza. “I’m sorry, dear, but you remind me of my best friend.” replied the old woman. “She looked like you and used to wear a scarf just like yours.” Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open. She had heard the stories of her grandmother’s best friend and knew the meaning of the scarf. Could this woman be Betty, her grandmother’s childhood friend? 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Then the old woman introduced herself, “My name is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The old woman agreed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Then the old woman introduced herself, “My name is Betty. I’m originally from Poland, but left there when I was thirteen. And I have been living here in Washington DC in America ever since.” Eliza could not believe it, the stories of her grandmother’s best friend floating in her mind. She assumed that the old woman must be her grandmother’s best friend. She said, “Betty, would you mind coming with me right now? I need to show you somebody.” The old woman agreed. Soon they left the restaurant after dinner. Arriving at Scout’s home, the old woman eagerly rang the doorbell. The moment Scout opened the door, she was amazed to see her childhood friend standing in front of her. How magical! The scarf indeed brought them good luck. Excited and moved, both of them were in tears. They missed each other very much and had many things to share. 【导语】本文讲述了二战初期，波兰女孩Scout逃难赴美，珍藏着和好友Betty同款的丝绸围巾，这是二人友谊的象征。多年后她把围巾送给孙女Eliza求职祈福。面试结束后Eliza就餐时偶遇一位老妇人，对方说起同款围巾与波兰往事。Eliza认出她就是Betty，当即带她回家，分别数十年的老友终于重逢，这条围巾促成了这场奇妙相遇。 【详解】 1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写老妇人介绍自己的情况以及Eliza认出老妇人就是Betty。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写Eliza当即带Betty回家，分别数十年的老友终于重逢，这条围巾促成了这场奇妙相遇。 2.续写线索：老妇人介绍自己→Eliza认出老妇人→带老妇人回家→见到好友→感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①认为：assume/consider ②看到：see/catch sight of 情绪类 ①激动的：excited/thrilled ②感动的：moved/touched 【点睛】 [高分句型1]I’m originally from Poland, but left there when I was thirteen.(运用了when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2]Arriving at Scout’s home, the old woman eagerly rang the doorbell.(运用了现在分词作状语) ( 20 / 20 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Getting along with others 核心语法精练 (限制性定语从句-关系代词) 参考答案录 考点夯基 一、单项选择 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 二、单句语法填空 1. that/who/whom 2. that/which 3. that 4. who/that 5. that/which 6. which/that 7. that 8. which/that 9. that/which 10. whose 11. who/that 12. that/which 13. that/which 14. that/which 15. that 16. that 17. that/which 18. that 19. that/which 20. that/which 21. that 22. that 23. whose 24. that 25. whom 三. 完成句子 1. (that/who/whom)we are looking for 2. the first film that 3. that I have visited 4. who are 5. that passed 6. I talked about 7. the only thing that 8. Anyone who 9. whose hair 10. that / which we 11. that she was interested in 12. that belong to 13. that/which 14. that they cannot overcome 15. the way 16. that were relevant to 17. belonging to developing countries; which belongs to developing countries 18. thing that 19. that 20. (which was) submitted to 四、句型转换 1. The soldier whom/who we met yesterday helped old people. 2. The rescue workers who/that rushed to the flood-stricken area saved many kids. 3. Nobody forgets the volunteers who/that risked their lives in the storm. 4. whose homework hasn’t been handed in 5. we saw at the school gate/who we saw at the school gate/whom we saw at the school gate/that we saw at the school gate 6. which was built in 1900/that was built in 1900 7. who/that lives opposite our house 8. that/which I read 9. (that/which) my deskmate recommended to me last week 10. The reporter whose report covered the earthquake had his camera broken. 综合提升 一、语法填空 A 1. where 2. whose 3. who/that 4. where 5. that/ which 6. that/ which 7. who/that 8. that 9. that 10. that B 1. when 2. another 3. has been opened 4. who 5. to dream 6. happiest 7. necessarily 8. comes 9. forgotten 10. around C 1. who 2. if 3. was told 4. until/before 5. staying 6. for 7. playing 8. Instantly 9. and 10. what 二、阅读理解 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 三、读后续写 Then the old woman introduced herself, “My name is Betty. I’m originally from Poland, but left there when I was thirteen. And I have been living here in Washington DC in America ever since.” Eliza could not believe it, the stories of her grandmother’s best friend floating in her mind. She assumed that the old woman must be her grandmother’s best friend. She said, “Betty, would you mind coming with me right now? I need to show you somebody.” The old woman agreed. Soon they left the restaurant after dinner. Arriving at Scout’s home, the old woman eagerly rang the doorbell. The moment Scout opened the door, she was amazed to see her childhood friend standing in front of her. How magical! The scarf indeed brought them good luck. Excited and moved, both of them were in tears. They missed each other very much and had many things to share. ( 1 / 2 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $