专题04 Unit 4 Space Exploration-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理determine、launch等10个高考高频词，以太空探索主题语境为线索串联词汇，通过词根拆解、词性变化总表构建知识网络，设计语境复现练习和任务驱动活动，引导学生自主梳理词义、搭配及考点，形成结构化语言能力。 亮点在于多维度自主学习支持，如语境串记语篇强化语言理解，语法填空和自我检测（复述模板）诊断学习效果，词汇升级任务提升表达准确性，培养学生学习能力与思维品质。教师可通过学情反馈精准指导，助力个性化复习，有效提升备考实效。

专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：determine / launch / desire / independent / signal lack / otherwise / beyond / sufficient / argue 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 5 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 5 【参考答案与解析】 6 Part 6 知识点默写 6 【参考答案】 7 Part 7 阅读理解 7 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 9 【参考答案】 9 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 【答案】 10 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 10 【自我检测答案】 11 复述模板参考版本： 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 The Dream of Reaching beyond For centuries, people have looked up at the night sky and dreamed of exploring space. Many scientists have been determined to make this dream come true, and one of the biggest problems they face is how to launch a rocket safely. The strong desire to know what lies beyond our planet drives them forward. China has now built an independent space program. In 2021, the Tianwen-1 spacecraft sent a clear signal from Mars, marking a huge success. Some people argue that space travel costs too much money. Otherwise, they say, that money could be spent on problems here on Earth. Many space agencies do lack sufficient money to carry out all their plans, which is a real concern. However, supporters argue that space research has given us things like satellite TV and GPS. They are determined to prove that exploring space is worth the effort. The shared human desire to reach the stars will never disappear — it will always push us to go beyond what we think is possible. 【中文译文】 几个世纪以来，人们仰望夜空，梦想着探索太空。许多科学家决心让这个梦想成真，他们面临的最大问题之一就是如何安全地发射火箭。想了解地球之外有什么的强烈渴望驱动着他们前行。 中国现在已经建立了独立的太空计划。2021年，天问一号探测器从火星发回了清晰的信号，标志着一项巨大的成功。有些人认为太空旅行花费太多金钱，否则这些钱本可以花在地球上的问题上。许多航天机构确实缺乏足够的资金来执行所有计划，这是一个现实的担忧。然而，支持者认为太空研究已经给了我们卫星电视和GPS等成果。他们决心证明探索太空是值得的。人类探索星辰的共同渴望永远不会消失——它将一直推动我们超越我们认为可能的边界。 【记忆链】 beyond → determine → launch → desire → independent → signal → argue → otherwise → lack → sufficient Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；确定；查明 ⚡熟词生义 2021新高考Ⅰ卷 determined adj. 坚定的 / determination n. 决心 / determine to do 决心做 2 launch /lɔːntʃ/ vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市 ⚡一词多义 launch a satellite 发射卫星 / launch a campaign 发起活动 / product launch 产品发布 3 desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ n.&vt. 渴望；欲望 ⚡2021全国甲卷 desirable adj. 可取的 / have a strong desire to do 强烈渴望做 4 independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的 ⚡2022全国乙卷 independence n. 独立 / independently adv. 独立地 / be independent of 不依赖 5 signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ n. 信号；暗号 vt. 标志着 ⚡熟词生义 send a signal 发送信号 / traffic signal 交通信号 / signal the end of 标志…的结束 6 lack /læk/ n.&vt. 缺乏；不足 lack of 缺乏 / be lacking in 缺少 / for lack of 因缺乏 7 otherwise /ˈʌðəwaɪz/ adv. 否则；不然；除此之外 ⚡一词多义 or otherwise 或其他情况 / think otherwise 有不同想法 8 beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep.&adv. 超越；在…之外 ⚡一词多义 beyond belief 难以置信 / beyond reach 够不着 / go beyond 超越 9 sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 足够的；充分的 ⚡formal sufficiency n. 充足 / insufficient adj. 不足的 / be sufficient for 对…足够 10 argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ vi.&vt. 争论；主张；论证 ⚡一词多义 argument n. 争论 / argue for/against 主张/反对 / argue that 论证说 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. determine 【核心考点】意为"决定；确定；查明"。过去分词 determined 作形容词表示"坚定的；有决心的"。 【词根联想】de-（完全）+ termin（界限）→ 定下界限 → 决定。同根词：terminal（终点站），terminate（终止）。联想：determine = "下定决心画出界限"。 【熟词生义】determine 除了"决定"外，还可表示"查明；测定"（to discover the facts），近义 figure out。 【经典原句】The researchers determined that failure was often caused by a lack of clear communication, not by a lack of technical skill. 该句中 determine 意为"查明、断定"，后接 that 从句。 【搭配词块】determine to do 决心做 / be determined to do 坚定要做 / determine on sth. 决定某事 2. launch 【核心考点】意为"发射；发起；上市"。既可指航天器/火箭的发射，也可指活动、产品或计划的"启动"。 【词根联想】源自古法语 lanchier（投掷），联想：launch = "用力把东西抛向天空"。 【熟词生义】launch 非"发射"时指"发起（活动、调查）"或"上市（产品）"，近义 start / introduce。 【经典原句】The company plans to launch its new smartphone model in more than 20 countries by the end of this year. 该句中 launch 意为"上市、推出（产品）"。 【搭配词块】launch a rocket/satellite 发射 / launch a campaign 发起运动 / product launch 产品发布 3. desire 【核心考点】既可作名词表示"渴望；欲望"，也可作动词表示"渴望"。作名词时常与不定式或 for 搭配。 【词根联想】de-（向下）+ sider（星星，古义）→ 渴望从天而降的好运 → 渴望。联想：每当仰望星空（stars），内心涌起一种 desire。 【熟词生义】desire 作名词时较 desire 更正式，近义 wish / longing / craving。 【经典原句】The strong desire to be accepted by their peers often shapes teenagers' behavior more than their parents realize. 该句中 desire 作名词，意为"渴望、欲望"。 【搭配词块】have a strong desire to do 强烈渴望 / satisfy one's desire 满足愿望 / desirable adj. 可取的 4. independent 【核心考点】形容词，意为"独立的；自主的"。常考搭配 be independent of。名词形式为 independence。 【词根联想】in-（不）+ depend（依赖）+ -ent（形容词后缀）→ 不依赖的 → 独立的。联想：independent = "in + dependent" = "不依赖"。 【熟词生义】独立于外部的，近义 self-reliant / autonomous。反义词：dependent。 【经典原句】Living away from home for the first time teaches young people to become more independent and responsible. 该句中 independent 意为"独立的、自主的"。 【搭配词块】independent of 不依赖 / financial independence 经济独立 / independently adv. 独立地 5. signal 【核心考点】作名词意为"信号；暗号"；作动词意为"发信号；标志着"。动词用法为熟词生义常考点。 【词根联想】源自拉丁语 signum（符号）+ -al → 传递信息的符号 → 信号。联想：sign（标志）+ al → signal = "用来传递信息的标志"。 【熟词生义】signal 作动词意为"标志着；预示"，近义 mark / indicate。 【经典原句】The successful test flight signalled a new era in the country's space exploration program. 该句中 signal 为动词，意为"标志着"。 【搭配词块】send/receive a signal 发/收信号 / traffic signals 交通信号灯 / signal for help 发求救信号 6. lack 【核心考点】既可作名词（lack of + n.），也可作及物动词（lack sth.）。作名词时常与 of 搭配。 【词根联想】源自古英语，最初意为"缺少；不足"。联想：lack = "缺少 → 空白的缺口"。 【熟词生义】作动词时直接跟宾语（lack confidence 缺乏自信），相当于 be short of。 【经典原句】What many young graduates lack is not knowledge or intelligence, but the patience to stick with difficult tasks. 该句中 lack 为及物动词，意为"缺乏"。 【搭配词块】lack of 缺乏 / be lacking in 缺少（品质）/ for lack of 因缺乏 7. otherwise 【核心考点】副词/连词，意为"否则；不然；在其他方面"。常用在条件句中表示"如果不这样"的结果。 【词根联想】other（其他的）+ -wise（方式）→ 以其他方式 → 否则。联想：otherwise = "other + wise" = "换一种方式 → 否则"。 【熟词生义】otherwise 还可表示"除此之外；在其他方面"（in other respects），近义 apart from that。 【经典原句】The weather was terrible, but otherwise the trip was a great success and everyone had a wonderful time. 该句中 otherwise 意为"除此之外、在其他方面"。 【搭配词块】or otherwise 或其他情况 / think otherwise 有不同想法 / unless otherwise stated 除非另有说明 8. beyond 【核心考点】介词/副词，意为"超越；在…之外"。常用于抽象含义，表示超出范围或能力。 【词根联想】be-（在…）+ yond（那边）→ 在那边 → 超越。联想：beyond = be + yond = "在那儿之外"。 【熟词生义】beyond 常用于固定搭配表示抽象含义，如 beyond words（无法用言语表达），近义 past。 【经典原句】The beauty of the night sky in the countryside was beyond anything she had ever imagined or seen in her life. 该句中 beyond 意为"超越、超出（想象）"。 【搭配词块】beyond reach 够不着 / beyond belief 难以置信 / go beyond 超越 / beyond words 无法言表 9. sufficient 【核心考点】形容词，意为"足够的；充分的"。较 enough 更正式，常用于写作中。反义词为 insufficient。 【词根联想】suf-（在…下）+ fic（做）+ -ient → 做够了 → 足够的。联想：sufficient = "suf + fic + ient" = "做得足够多"。 【熟词生义】较 enough 更正式，常用于学术/商务场合，近义 adequate / ample。 【经典原句】Without sufficient sleep, students find it harder to focus in class and remember what they have learned. 该句中 sufficient 意为"足够的、充足的"。 【搭配词块】sufficient for 对…足够 / sufficient to do 足够做 / self-sufficient 自给自足的 10. argue 【核心考点】动词，意为"争论；主张；论证"。常考搭配 argue that（论证说）和 argue for/against。 【词根联想】源自拉丁语 arguere（使清楚）→ 通过辩论使事情清楚 → 争论。联想：argue = "把道理说清楚"。 【熟词生义】argue 不一定指激烈的争吵，也可表示"理性论证"，近义 maintain / contend。 【经典原句】Some experts argue that learning a second language should begin before the age of ten for the best results. 该句中 argue 意为"主张、论证"，不表示争吵。 【搭配词块】argue for/against 主张/反对 / argue that 论证说 / argument n. 争论；论据 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 determine determination determined predetermined be determined to do launch launcher launching relaunch launch a satellite desire desirability desirable undesirable have a desire for independent independence independently dependent be independent of signal signaling signalled — send a signal lack — lacking — lack of otherwise — — — or otherwise beyond — — — beyond belief sufficient sufficiency sufficiently insufficient be sufficient for argue argument arguable arguably argue for/against Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2026山东济南·模拟) Many young people have a strong 1. __________ (desirable) to become astronauts. 2 (2021·新高考I卷·语法填空改编) Since 2003, China 2. __________ (launch) more than a dozen crewed missions. 3. (2026江苏南京·模拟) Chinese scientists are 3. __________ (determine) to make even greater achievements. 4. (2026广东广州·模拟) They 4. __________ (independent) developed key technologies that once seemed beyond reach. 5. (2026湖北武汉·模拟) All the amazing goals and beautiful dreams that once seemed completely 5. __________ reach are now becoming reality little by little. 6. (2026浙江杭州·模拟) The success of the Chang'e missions 6. __________ (signal) the country's growing space capabilities. 7. (2026四川成都·模拟) However, many space projects still 7. __________ (lacking) sufficient funding. 8. (2021·全国甲卷·语法填空改编) The Xi'an City Wall 8. __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty. 9. (2026山东青岛·模拟) Some critics 9. __________ (argument) that the money should be spent on education instead. 10. (2021·新高考I卷·语法填空改编) The amazing thing is that the colder the temperature gets, the 10. __________ (hot) the spring. 11. (2026河南郑州·模拟) Without 11. __________ (sufficiency) funding, many important research projects cannot continue. 12. (2026湖南长沙·模拟) 12. __________, these critics say, the money could be used to improve public services. 13. (2026安徽合肥·模拟) The shared human desire 13. __________ (explore) the unknown keeps driving us forward. 14. (2026福建厦门·模拟) They are determined to push 14. __________ what humans have ever achieved before. 15. (2026辽宁沈阳·模拟) Space research has given us satellite TV and GPS, which few people would 15. __________ (argument) against. 【参考答案与解析】 1. desire 考查词性转换。形容词 strong 后接名词，desirable 为形容词，需改为名词 desire（渴望）。 2. has launched 考查时态。Since 2003 是现在完成时的标志时间状语，主语 China 为单数，故用 has launched。 3. determined 考查非谓语形容词。be determined to do 为固定搭配，表示"决心做某事"，过去分词作形容词。 4. independently 考查词性转换。修饰动词 developed 需要用副词，independent 的副词形式为 independently。 5. beyond 考查固定搭配。beyond reach 为固定短语，表示"够不着、无法企及"，符合句意。 6. signals 考查时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 success 为单数，故用 signals。 7. lack 考查词性转换。句子缺谓语动词，lacking 为形容词/现在分词，需改为动词原形 lack（缺乏），主语为复数。 8. was built 考查被动语态。城墙是被建造的，且时间 in the Tang dynasty 表过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态 was built。 9. argue 考查词性转换。此处需要谓语动词，argument 的动词形式为 argue，主语 critics 为复数，用原形。 10. hotter 考查比较级。"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"为固定句式，表示"越...越..."，hot 的比较级为 hotter。 11. sufficient 考查词性转换。修饰名词 funding 需用形容词，sufficiency 的形容词形式为 sufficient。 12. Otherwise 考查逻辑连接。句意：否则这些钱可以用于改善公共服务。otherwise 表示"否则、不然"。 13. to explore 考查非谓语。desire to do sth. 为固定搭配，用不定式作后置定语修饰 desire。 14. beyond 考查介词。push beyond 表示"超越"已有的成就。beyond 在此表示"超出…范围"。 15. argue 考查词性转换。would 后接动词原形，argument 为名词，需改为动词 argue。argue against 意为"反对"。 Part 6 知识点默写 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. determine — __________ 2. launch — __________ 3. desire — __________ 4. independent — __________ 5. signal — __________ 6. lack — __________ 7. otherwise — __________ 8. beyond — __________ 9. sufficient — __________ 10. argue — __________ 11. determination — __________ 12. independence — __________ 13. argument — __________ 14. sufficiency — __________ 15. independently — __________ 16. be determined to do — __________ 17. lack of — __________ 18. beyond belief — __________ 19. argue for — __________ 20. signal (v.) — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 决定；查明 2. 发射；发起；上市 3. 渴望；欲望 4. 独立的；自主的 5. 信号；标志着 6. 缺乏 7. 否则；不然 8. 超越；在…之外 9. 足够的；充足的 10. 争论；主张 11. 决心（名词） 12. 独立（名词） 13. 争论（名词） 14. 充足（名词） 15. 独立地（副词） 16. 决心做某事 17. 缺乏 18. 难以置信 19. 主张/为…辩护 20. 标志着（动词） Part 7 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 For as long as humans have looked up at the night sky, we have been determined to understand what lies beyond our world. This deep desire to explore space has driven some of the greatest scientific achievements in human history. But is space exploration really worth the enormous cost that it demands? A 2023 study published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology examined the financial returns of NASA's programs over the past five decades. The findings were striking: for every dollar invested in space research, the U.S. economy gained between 7 and 14 dollars in return. Satellite technology alone — from GPS navigation to weather forecasting — generates more than 300 billion dollars in economic activity each year. "Without sufficient investment in space technology, many of the conveniences we take for granted today would simply not exist," explains Dr. Robert Park, a senior economist at MIT who led the research team. However, not everyone agrees with this optimistic view. Some experts argue that with so many serious problems on Earth — poverty, climate change, and disease — we should focus our attention and resources on solving these urgent issues first. They point out that a single rocket launch can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. A 2024 report by the World Resources Institute estimated that the money spent on just one Mars mission could provide clean drinking water to more than 200 million people for an entire year. These critics argue that our priorities are fundamentally misplaced. Yet supporters remain determined to continue the journey of exploration. Independent studies conducted in several countries have shown that space programs consistently produce technological breakthroughs that benefit everyone on the planet. The signal from a distant satellite, traveling far beyond Earth's orbit, reminds us not only of how far we have come as a species, but also of how much more there is to discover. As one prominent researcher once put it, "Space exploration is a signal that we are still curious, still ambitious, and still human." The question, perhaps, is not whether we can afford to explore space — but whether we can afford not to. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Space exploration is too expensive and should be stopped immediately. B. The debate over space exploration involves costs, benefits, and humanity's curiosity. C. NASA has been the most successful space agency in the world since the 1950s. D. Satellite technology is the only practical benefit from space research so far. 2. According to Dr. Robert Park, what would happen without sufficient investment in space technology? A. The global economy would collapse within just a few short years. B. New jobs in the technology sector would grow much faster than ever before. C. Weather forecasting would become the most important scientific priority worldwide. D. Many everyday conveniences people now enjoy would not exist at all. 3. How much economic return does each dollar spent on space research generate, according to the MIT study? A. Between 7 and 14 dollars in economic return. B. More than 300 billion dollars in new business activity annually. C. Hundreds of millions of dollars from just a single rocket launch alone. D. Enough money to provide clean water to more than 200 million people. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Space exploration has already solved most of the major problems here on Earth. B. Independent studies have failed to find any real benefits from space research programs. C. The author believes that the human desire to explore is part of what defines us as a species. D. Most scientists now agree that sending humans to Mars is not worth the enormous financial cost. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 解析： 1. B 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕太空探索的成本与收益展开讨论，第一段引出核心问题，第二段介绍MIT研究的经济回报，第三段呈现反对者的观点，第四段总结认为探索精神是人类的核心特质。B项准确概括了全文的辩论结构。A项说应立即停止太空探索，与原文不完全一致；C项说NASA是1950年代以来最成功的航天机构，原文未作此比较；D项说卫星技术是唯一的实际收益，与原文所述"技术突破惠及所有人"不符。 2. D 本题考查细节理解。由第二段 Dr. Robert Park 的直接引语"Without sufficient investment in space technology, many of the conveniences we take for granted today would simply not exist"可知，没有足够的太空技术投资，许多人认为理所当然的便利就不会存在。D项与此直接对应。A项说全球经济会崩溃，夸大了原文意思；B项和C项在原文中均未提及。 3. A 本题考查细节理解。由第二段"for every dollar invested in space research, the U.S. economy gained between 7 and 14 dollars in return"可知，每1美元投资带来7-14美元的回报。A项直接对应原文数据。B项3000亿美元是卫星技术单独产生的经济总量，不是每美元的回报率；C项是火箭发射的成本，不是回报；D项是饮水项目的替代方案，不是回报率。 4. C 本题考查推理判断。由最后一段"Space exploration is a signal that we are still curious, still ambitious, and still human"以及末句"whether we can afford not to"可推知，作者认为探索欲望是定义人类的关键特质。C项与此一致。A项说太空探索已解决大部分地球问题，原文未说；B项说独立研究未发现任何实际收益，与第二段和第四段所述相反；D项说大多数科学家认为火星探索不值得，原文未提及。 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 1. determined — __________ 2. launch — __________ 3. desire — __________ 4. independent — __________ 5. signal — __________ 6. lack — __________ 7. otherwise — __________ 8. beyond — __________ 9. sufficient — __________ 10. argue — __________ 11. determination — __________ 12. independence — __________ 13. argument — __________ 14. launch a satellite — __________ 15. beyond belief — __________ 16. signal the end of — __________ 17. be determined to do — __________ 18. lack of — __________ 19. sufficient for — __________ 20. argue for — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 坚定的；下定决心的 2. 发射；发起；上市 3. 渴望；欲望 4. 独立的；自主的 5. 信号；暗号；标志着 6. 缺乏；不足 7. 否则；不然 8. 超越；在…之外 9. 足够的；充足的 10. 争论；主张；论证 11. 决心；果断 12. 独立；自主 13. 争论；论据 14. 发射卫星 15. 难以置信 16. 标志着…的结束 17. 决心做某事 18. 缺乏；缺少 19. 对…足够 20. 主张；为…辩护 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The team worked hard because they really wanted to win the national competition. → The team worked hard because they had a strong ____________________ to win the national competition. 2. Scientists are still trying to find out the cause of this strange and unusual disease. → Scientists are still trying to ____________________ the cause of this strange and unusual disease. 3. The company is going to start its new product in the market very soon. → The company is going to ____________________ its new product in the market very soon. 4. After graduation, she wants to live by herself and not depend on her parents for anything. → After graduation, she wants to live an ____________________ life and not depend on her parents for anything. 5. The ringing of the bell told everyone that the important ceremony had begun at last. → The ringing of the bell ____________________ the beginning of the important ceremony at last. 6. Many students in poor areas do not have enough learning materials and qualified teachers. → Many students in poor areas ____________________ sufficient learning materials and qualified teachers. 7. You should arrive at the airport two hours early; if you do not, you might miss your flight. → You should arrive at the airport two hours early; ____________________ you might miss your flight. 8. Her achievements in science go far past what most people can even imagine. → Her achievements in science go far ____________________ what most people can even imagine. 9. We need to have enough money saved before we can start our own small business. → We need to have ____________________ money saved before we can start our own small business. 10. Some people say that playing video games can improve hand-eye coordination. → Some people ____________________ that playing video games can improve hand-eye coordination. 【答案】 1. desire 2. determine 3. launch 4. independent 5. signalled 6. lack 7. otherwise 8. beyond 9. sufficient 10. argue Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：beyond → determine → launch → desire → independent → signal → argue → otherwise → lack → sufficient 复述模板（填空）： 人类一直渴望探索__________（超越）地球的世界。科学家__________（决心）让梦想成真。成功__________（发射）火箭需要巨大努力。这种__________（渴望）推动技术进步。中国已建立__________（独立的）太空计划。来自遥远卫星的__________（信号）令人振奋。有人__________（认为）花费太多，__________（否则）资金可用于地球。许多项目__________（缺乏）__________（足够的）资金，但探索精神永不止步。 你的复述： ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：beyond; determined; launching; desire; independent; signal; argue; otherwise; lack; sufficient 复述模板参考版本： Humans have always desired to explore what lies beyond Earth. Scientists are determined to make this dream come true. Successfully launching a rocket requires enormous effort, and this desire drives technological progress. China has established an independent space program, and the signal from a distant satellite is truly exciting. Some people argue that space travel costs too much — otherwise, the money could be spent on Earth. Many projects lack sufficient funding, but the spirit of exploration will never stop. $