2025-2026学年冀教版八年级英语下册被动语态用法和练习题

**基本信息** 以“概念-构成-转换-应用-特殊情况”为逻辑链，系统整合被动语态核心知识，通过方法提炼与分层训练提升语言应用能力和思维逻辑性。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |构成与时态|8种时态及例句|助动词be随人称/时态变化规则|从基本构成到不同时态的语法形式推导| |转换步骤|3步骤+3例句|主动改被动“宾变主、动变被、主变by宾”三步法|语法规则到句式转换的实操应用| |特殊用法|6类特殊情况及例句|make等动词被动加to、双宾语转换、主动表被动等技巧|常规用法到特殊情境的拓展延伸| |练习题|2大题18小题|结合时态/特殊用法的综合应用|从基础转换到语境辨析的能力递进|

被 动 语 态 用 法 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。 助动词be 随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。 Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. 二、被动语态的时态构成 一般现在时 构成：助动词be（am/ is/ are） + 动词的过去分词 English is spoken in many countries.  一般过去时 构成：助动词be（was/were）+ 动词的过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.  现在进行时 构成：be（am/ is/ are） + being + 动词的过去分词 The sports meeting is being held in our school. 过去进行时 构成：was/were + being + 动词的过去分词 The room was being cleaned by him at nine yesterday morning . 一般将来时 构成：will/be（am/ is/ are） going to + be + 动词的过去分词 The task will be finished in an hour. 过去将来时 构成：would/was/were )going to + be + 动词的过去分词 His brother said that the homework would be finished by him in half an hour. 现在完成时 构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词 He has been asked to go there with her 过去完成时 构成：助动词had + been + 动词的过去分词 She told us that the meeting had been canceled. 情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词 The work must be done right now.  三.主动语态改为被动语态的步骤： ①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语； ②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态； ③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语，将主格变为宾格或省略。 They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all the people.   He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.   四、被动语态的用法 1．不知道或在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“by＋动作的执行者”可以省略。如： The boy was punished for lying.那个男孩因为说谎而受到惩罚。 Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 The knife is used for cutting things. 五、被动语态的特殊用法 1.在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。 They watched the children dance that morning. → The children were watched to dance that morning. The boss made them work ten hours a day.→They were made to work ten hours a day. A boy saw him enter the house. →He was seen to enter the house. 2.含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。 The pianist gave the students(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语) →The students were given some advice by the pianist. →Some advice was given to the students by the pianist. 3.主语+连系动词+表语结构中，连系动词sound ,taste ,look, smell等没有被动语态。 The flowers smell sweet. The building looks very beautiful. 4.主动表示被动的含义。 The door needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading . The flowers need watering every day. 5.一些不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past 5 years . The accident happened last night. The war broke out between the two countries. The blue car belongs to Mary. 6.sell ,write ,wash ,open , look ,grow等词作为不及物动词,没有被动语态。 This dictionary sells well. The pen writes smoothly. The door can’t open. 被动语态练习题 一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1、 We often use a recorder in our English class. ____________________________________________________ 2、 They will buy some books next week. __________________________________________________ 3.He gave me a book yesterday. __________________________________________________ 4.I saw some boys playing football in the playground. __________________________________________________ 5.I saw him enter the room just now. __________________________________________________ 6.We should take good care of the old man. __________________________________________________ 7.I can find him. __________________________________________________ 二、（ ）1.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned （ ）2. The workers were made ____ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D.worked （ ）3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept ( )4.An accident ___ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )5.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )6.So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )7.How many trees ____ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )8. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair. A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn ( )9.Who _____ this book _____? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )10.Silk______soft. A. feel B. feels C. is felt. D are felt. ( )11.Look at the new school .It last year. A .built B .was built C .is built D .will be built ( )12. Great changes in Hebei in the past few years. A .have happened B. have taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place ( )13. Thanks to the Internet ,different kinds of information in a short time. A .can be learned B .has been learned C .can learn D .has learned ( )14.Don’t you see the sign“No parking”on the right? ___Sorry ,I didn’t. But now I know parking here. A .wasn’t allowed B .isn’t allowed C .won’t allow D .doesn’t allow ( )15. The war______ in 1941. A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out ( )16. These apples ______ well because they _______ nice. A.are sold；look B. sell；look C. sell；are looked D. are sold；are looked ( )17.The book is worth . A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read ( )18. The monkey was seen out of the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump 参考答案： 一、1) A recorder is often used (by us)in our English class. 2).Some books will be bought(by them) next week. 3).I was given a book yesterday. He was given a book yesterday. 4. Some boys were seen playing football in the playground. 5. He was seen to enter the room just now 6. The old man should be taken good care of. 7.He can be found by me. 二、1-5 D,B,C,D,A,6-10 C,C,C,B,B11-15BBABA16-20BBD 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $