专题05 定语从句（培优讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦定语从句核心考点，涵盖关系代词与关系副词辨析、非限制性定语从句、as与which用法及“介词+关系代词”结构等高考高频考向，按“考情分析-基础梳理-重难突破-分层集训”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理、方法指导与真题训练帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破语法填空难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以近3年高考真题统计为依据，精准定位“抽象地点where”“介词前置”等拉分题型，创新采用“三步解题法”（结构分析-成分判断-关系词选择）培养学生思维品质，设置基础演练与能力进阶分层练习提升学习能力，如在“介词+关系代词”教学中通过从句还原法强化介词搭配逻辑，助力学生高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

专题05 定语从句（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 关系代词vs关系副词 重难02 关系代词的特殊用法 重难03 非限制性定语从句 重难04 as vs which 重难05 “介词+关系代词”结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 一、定语从句 考情·分析解读 考题统计 核心考点 题型 定语从句 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2026·全国II卷 of which 非限制性定语从句，介词+关系代词 2026·浙江1月 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2025 2025·全国I卷 which 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 2025·全国II卷 where 非限制性定语从句，关系副词指地点 2025·浙江1月 which 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 2024 2024·新课标I卷 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2024·新课标II卷 who 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指人 2024·全国甲卷 which 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 2024·年浙江1月 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2023 2023·新课标I卷 / / 2023·新课标II卷 / / 2023·全国甲卷 as where 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 非限制性定语从句，关系副词指地点 2023·全国乙卷 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2023年·浙江1月 / / 2022 2022·新课标I卷 that 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2022·新课标II卷 / / 2022·全国甲卷 who 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指人 2022·全国乙卷 / / 2022年·浙江1月 / / 2022年·浙江6月 / / 考情解读 命题规律： 近3年新高考卷对于定语从句的考查基本在定语从句关系词上，共计10次，主要考查： 1．用“抽象地点”考查where的延伸用法； 2．用“介词前置”考查关系词的形式变换； 3. 用“非限制性”和“整句指代”考查which / as； 4．用“特殊先行词”强制锁定that； 5. 用“分隔结构”干扰寻找先行词 备考策略 1. 熟练掌握关系代词与关系副词的基本用法，根据具体要求进行选择； 2. 熟练掌握that前面先行词的具体情况，判断用which或that； 3. 熟练掌握非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别； 4. 熟练掌握介词前置结构的搭配规则，根据具体情况来确定用whom，还是用which； 5. 熟练掌握as与which在指代整句时的位置区别； 6. 熟练掌握“one of +复数名词+定语从句”与“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的主谓一致规则； 7. 注意区分定语从句和同位语从句。 命题预测 定语从句在语法填空中几乎是每年必考题，2027年预计延续这种高频态势，主要以无提示词填空形式出现，考查关系词的选择与判断。“介词+关系代词”结构的考查频率预计持续上升；非限制性定语从句预计持续高热，有逗号隔开时禁用that和why是最核心的判断依据；where引导抽象地点名词（case, situation, point, stage, activity等）的定语从句是近年热点题型；as与which引导非限制性定语从句的辨析；that与which在限制性定语从句中的辨析预计反复出现；先行词辨识难度预计持续加大，分隔式定语从句以及嵌套结构可能成为拉分题型。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 知识1 限制性定语从句关系代词vs关系副词 1.核心区别 关系代词 关系副词 先行词 人、物（名词/代词） 时间、地点、原因（抽象名词） 在从句中充当 主语、宾语、表语、定语 状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语） 常见词 who, whom, which, that, whose when, where, why 2.关系代词详解 关系代词 指代 充当成分 例句 who 人 主语/宾语 The man who lives next door is a doctor.（主语） whom 人 宾语（正式） The girl whom you met is my sister.（宾语，可省略） which 物 主语/宾语 The book which is on the desk is mine.（主语） that 人/物 主语/宾语 I like the movie that we watched.（宾语，可省略） whose 人/物 定语（所属关系） The boy whose father is a teacher works hard. 3.关系副词详解 关系副词 指代 =介词+which 例句 when 时间 at/in/on which I still remember the day when I first came here.（= on which） where 地点 in/at/on which This is the school where I studied.（= at which） why 原因 for which Do you know the reason why he was late?（= for which） 4.最易混淆的考点 ⚠️ 先行词是“地点”时，不一定用 where！ 看从句是否缺主语/宾语： 例句 从句分析 正确答案 This is the factory ___ I visited last year. visited ___ → 缺宾语 that/which（或省略） This is the factory ___ I worked last year. I worked ___ → 缺地点状语 where ⚠️ 先行词是“时间”时，不一定用 when！ 例句 从句分析 正确答案 I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together. spent ___ → 缺宾语 that/which（或省略） I’ll never forget the days ___ we lived together. we lived ___ → 缺时间状语 when ⚠️ 先行词是“reason”时，不一定用 why！ 例句 从句分析 正确答案 The reason ___ he gave was not true. gave ___ → 缺宾语 that/which（或省略） The reason ___ he was late was the traffic. he was late ___ → 缺原因状语 why 5.速记口诀 关系代词：缺主宾表就用它（who/which/that/whose） 关系副词：主宾表全不缺，缺状语就用它（when/where/why） 判断口诀：看从句，缺啥补啥！ 知识2 关系代词的特殊用法 一、that的特殊用法 1. 只能用 that 的情况（不能用 which/who） 情况 例句 先行词被序数词修饰（the first, the second...） The first book that I read was Harry Potter. 先行词被最高级修饰（the best, the most...） This is the most interesting movie that I’ve ever seen. 先行词被 all, any, every, little, much, no, only, very 等修饰 She is the only person that can help us. 先行词本身是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, few, little, much 等不定代词 All that glitters is not gold.（闪光的未必都是金子） I have nothing that belongs to you. 先行词既有人又有物 We talked about the people and places that we visited. 主句以 who 或 which 开头（避免重复） Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the book that you borrowed? 注意： 以上情况中，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 2. 不能用that的情况（只能用 which/who/whom） 情况 说明 非限制性定语从句中（有逗号） I visited London, which is beautiful.（✔） I visited London, that is beautiful.（✘） 介词 + 关系代词（介词提前） This is the room in which I lived.（✔） This is the room in that I lived.（✘） 二、which 的特殊用法 1. 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 which 可以指代前面整个句子的内容，翻译为“这件事”。 He was late again, which made the teacher angry. 他又迟到了，这件事让老师很生气。 She won the first prize, which surprised everyone. 她获得了一等奖，这让所有人惊讶。 对比：I broke the glass that/which was on the table.（指代 the glass，具体物体） 2. 介词+ which的固定搭配 固定结构 说明 in which = where（地点） on which = when（时间，特指某一天） for which = why（原因） by which = 通过...的方式 through which = 通过... of which = 所属关系，相当于 whose + 名词 The company in which he works is very large. （= The company where he works is very large.） The book, the cover of which is red, is mine. （= The book, whose cover is red, is mine.） 三、who 的特殊用法 1. 先行词是表示人的不定代词时，优先用who Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished. 任何人违反了规则都会受罚。 Those who want to go can sign up here. 那些想去的人可以在这里报名。 He is one of the students who have passed the exam. 他是通过考试的学生之一。(注意谓语用复数) 2. 先行词被 the only, the very修饰且指人时，可用that也可用who She is the only person that/who understands me. 3. 主句以 there be开头时，指人常用who，也可用that There is a man who wants to see you. 四、whose 的特殊用法 1. 指代物（= of which） whose 不仅可以指人，也可以指物，表示“...的”。 The house whose windows are broken is abandoned. (=The house, the windows of which are broken, is abandoned.) I read a book whose title I can’t remember. (我读了一本书名我记不起来了的书。) 2. whose +名词 作定语 whose 在从句中充当定语，后面必须接名词。 The student whose mother is a doctor is my best friend. (从句中 whose mother 作主语，缺的是定语，不缺主宾) 对比：The student who is from America is my best friend. (从句中 who 作主语，缺的是主语) 五、as 的特殊用法（作为关系代词） as 用作关系代词时，常与such, the same, as搭配，构成固定结构。 固定结构 例句 such... as（如此...以至于...） I have never seen such a beautiful girl as she is. the same... as（与...同样的） This is the same book as I lost. as... as（正如...） He is not as clever as I thought.（非正式） 注意区分： such...that 表结果（that 引导状语从句），such...as 表比较（as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作成分）。 She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.（状语从句，从句完整） She is such a kind girl as everyone likes.（定语从句，likes缺宾语，as作宾语） 六、关系代词作宾语可以省略的情况 限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 可省略 不可省略 作宾语：The book (that/which) I bought is interesting. 作主语：The book that/which is on the desk is mine.（✘不可省略） 作宾语：The man (whom/that) you met is my uncle. 作主语：The man who/that met you is my uncle.（✘不可省略） 但： 介词提前时不能省略（the room in which I lived） whose 不能省略（whose 作定语） 验证方法： 看关系代词后面是否紧接动词。紧接动词的，关系代词作主语，不可省略；关系代词后面接主语（名词/代词）的，关系代词作宾语，可以省略。 七、特殊情况对比（最易混淆总结） 考点 正确用法 错误/区别 人+物 混合先行词 只能用 that 不能用 which/who 最高级/序数词 修饰先行词 只能用 that 不能用 which/who 非限制性定语从句（有逗号） 只能用 which/who/whom 不能用 that 介词提前 只能用 which/whom（in which, for whom） 不能用 that 指代整个主句 只能用 which 不能用 that such...as / the same...as 用 as 不用 which/that 知识3 非限制性定语从句 定义：对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意思完整性的定语从句。 标志：用逗号与主句隔开。 翻译：通常译为并列句，即“...，这件事/这个人/这个地方...”。 一、与限制性定语从句的核心对比 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 有无逗号 ❌ 无逗号 ✅ 有逗号 作用 起限定作用，不能省略 起补充说明作用，可以省略 翻译 译为“...的...” 译为并列句“...，这件事/他...” 关系词 that / who / whom / which / whose / when / where / why who / whom / which / whose / when / where（不能用 that） 关系词省略 作宾语时可以省略 一律不能省略 指代对象 只指代先行词 可指代先行词或整个主句 对比例句： 限制性： I have a brother who works in Beijing. 我有一个在北京工作的哥哥。(暗示我还有别的哥哥) 非限制性： I have a brother, who works in Beijing. 我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。(只有一个哥哥，补充说明) 限制性： The house which I bought is expensive. 我买的那栋房子很贵。(强调哪栋) 非限制性： The house, which I bought, is expensive. 这栋房子很贵，是我买的。(补充说明) 二、非限制性定语从句的关系词 1. 指代人：who（主语）/ whom（宾语） My father, who is over 60, still works every day. 我父亲60多岁了，每天还在工作。(who作主语) Professor Wang, whom we all respect, will give a speech. 王教授，我们都很尊敬他，将发表演讲。(whom作宾语，不能省略) 2. 指代物：which The Great Wall, which is over 2,000 years old, attracts millions of tourists. 长城有2000多年历史，吸引了数百万游客。 This bike, which I bought last year, is already broken. 这辆自行车是我去年买的，已经坏了。(which作宾语，不能省略) 3. 指代所属关系：whose（人/物均可） The famous singer, whose voice is beautiful, will come to our city. 这位著名歌手，她的声音很动听，将来我们城市。 The old house, whose roof was damaged, needs repair. 这栋老房子，屋顶坏了，需要维修。 4. 指代时间：when（= at/in/on which） I will never forget 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. 我永远不会忘记2020年，那一年新冠疫情爆发。 5. 指代地点：where（= in/at which） He went to Harvard, where he studied law. 他去了哈佛，在那里学习法律。 6. 不能用that或why 错误用法 正确用法 I like the book, that is interesting. ✘ I like the book, which is interesting. ✔ He was late, that made me angry. ✘ He was late, which made me angry. ✔ The reason, why he was late, was unclear. ✘(非限制性不用why) The reason, for which he was late, was unclear. ✔ 三、which 指代整个主句（特殊且极高频） 这是非限制性定语从句最常考的用法之一。 He broke the window, which made his mother very angry. 他打碎了窗户，这件事让他妈妈很生气。(which指代“他打碎窗户”这件事) She won the first prize, which surprised everyone. 她获得了一等奖，这让所有人惊讶。 The rain lasted for three days, which caused serious floods. 雨持续了三天，这导致了严重的洪水。 注意： 限制性定语从句中 which 不能指代整个主句，只能指代具体的先行词。 四、非限制性定语从句中“介词 + which/whom” 非限制性定语从句中同样可以用介词提前的结构。 The hotel, in which we stayed, was very comfortable. 这家酒店，我们住在里面，非常舒适。 My brother, with whom I share a room, is very tidy. 我哥哥，我和他同住一个房间，非常整洁。 The film, about which I told you, is worth watching. 那部电影，我跟你谈起过它，值得一看。 注意： 介词提前时，指人只能用 whom，指物只能用 which。 五、as引导的非限制性定语从句 特点：as 指代整个主句，且位置灵活（可放在句首、句中、句末） As we all know, China is a great country. 正如我们所知，中国是一个伟大的国家。(句首) He is very clever, as everyone can see. 他很聪明，这一点大家都能看出来。(句末) She is, as you know, a famous writer. 她，正如你所知，是一位著名作家。(句中) 六、非限制性定语从句的注意事项 1. 关系代词不能省略 The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. (不能省略 which，即使它作宾语) 对比限制性：The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is interesting. (可以省略) 2. 不能用 that I visited London, which is the capital of the UK. ✔ I visited London, that is the capital of the UK. ✘ 3. 不能用 why（原因状语） 非限制性定语从句中表示原因时，用 for which 代替 why。 The reason, for which he was late, is understandable. ✔ The reason, why he was late, is understandable. ✘ 4. 先行词为专有名词或独一无二的事物时，常用非限制性定语从句 Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading. The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a star. 原因： 专有名词本身已经明确指代，不需要限定，只能用非限制性进行补充说明。 知识4 as vs which 一、核心区别速览 对比项 as which 位置 句首、句中、句末 均可 只能放在句末（紧跟在主句之后） 含义 “正如...” “像...一样” “这件事...” “这...” 常见搭配 as we all know, as is known to all, as we can see, as is often the case, as is expected, as is said, as is reported 无固定搭配，自由使用 语气 带有 “已知/公认” 的意味 单纯的 “事实陈述” 从句动作时态 谓语通常为状态动词（be, know, see, expect, report 等） 谓语没有限制，可以是动作动词（make, cause, surprise 等） 二、位置区别（最直接判断法） as：句首、句中、句末均可 As we all know, China is a great country. 正如我们所知，中国是一个伟大的国家。(✅ 句首) She is, as you know, a famous writer. 她，正如你所知，是一位著名作家。(✅ 句中) He is very clever, as everyone can see. 他很聪明，这一点大家都能看出来。(✅ 句末) which：只能在句末 China is a great country, which we all know. 中国是一个伟大的国家，这件事我们都知道。(✅ 句末) Which we all know, China is a great country. ❌ (句首不能用 which) She is a famous writer, which you know. ✅ 她是一位著名作家，这件事你知道。 三、含义区别 as：带有“已知/公认”色彩 as 引导的从句通常表达说话者和听话者都知道的事实或共识。 As we all know, the earth goes around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球绕太阳转。(公认事实) As is often the case, he arrived late. 像往常一样，他迟到了。(常态，可预见) As is reported, the president will visit China next month. 正如报道的那样，总统将于下月访华。(已知新闻) which：客观陈述新信息 which 只是客观陈述主句带来的新事实或结果，不带有“已知”色彩。 He broke the window, which made his mother angry. 他打碎了窗户，这件事让他妈妈很生气。(这是新信息，不是已知的) The rain lasted for three days, which caused serious floods. 雨持续了三天，这导致严重洪水。(陈述结果) 四、从句谓语动词的特征 as 后面常用“状态性/认知性”动词 常见搭配 含义 as we all know 正如我们所知 as is known to all 众所周知 as we can see 正如我们所见 as is often the case 像往常一样 as is expected 正如预料的那样 as is said/reported 正如所说/报道的那样 as you may remember 正如你可能记得的 这些动词多为 know, see, expect, say, report, remember, mention 等。 which 后面可以是任何动词 He lied to me, which disappointed me deeply. 他对我说谎，这让我深感失望。(动作动词) She got promoted, which surprised nobody. 她升职了，这没人感到惊讶。(动作动词) 五、as 的固定句型（必须掌握） 以下句型在考试中几乎是必考的： 固定句型 含义 例句 as we all know / as is known to all 众所周知 As we all know, Taiwan is part of China. as we can see 正如我们所见 As we can see, the economy is recovering. as is often the case 像往常一样 He was late, as is often the case. as is expected 正如预料 As is expected, he won the game. as is said / reported 正如所说/报道 As is reported, the accident killed 10 people. as we have discussed 正如我们讨论过的 As we have discussed, we should take action. as you may remember 正如你可能记得的 As you may remember, we met last year. 注意： as在句首时，后面常接被动语态（is known, is said, is reported）或主动语态（we all know, we can see） 六、as与which互换与不可互换的情况 可互换（均在句末，且为陈述已知事实） He is very clever, as everyone can see. He is very clever, which everyone can see. （两句话都对，但含义略有不同：as 强调“大家都能看到这一点”，which 强调“这件事”） 不可互换（句首只能用 as） As is known to all, he is honest. ✔ Which is known to all, he is honest. ✘ 不可互换（which 表新结果时不能用 as） He broke the glass, which made his mother angry. ✔ He broke the glass, as made his mother angry. ✘ （as不能引导表示“新结果”的从句） 不可互换（as 固定搭配中不能用 which） As we all know, practice makes perfect. ✔ Which we all know, practice makes perfect. ✘ 七、完整对比表格 对比维度 as which 位置 句首 ✔ / 句中 ✔ / 句末 ✔ 仅句末 ✔ 含义 “正如...” “这一点”（含“已知”意味） “这件事...”（客观陈述） 从句谓语 多为 know, see, expect, report, say 等状态/认知动词 无限制，可以是任何动词 常见结构 固定搭配(as is known, as is often the case...) 无固定搭配 是否可指代整个主句 ✅ 可以 ✅ 可以 是否可用在限制性定语从句中 ✅ 可以（such...as, the same...as） ✅ 可以（指具体先行词） 句首能否使用 ✅ 可以 ❌ 不可以 八、易混淆点补充 as 在限制性定语从句中的用法（补充参考） as 除了在非限制性从句中指代整个主句外，还常在限制性定语从句中与 such, the same, as 搭配： This is such a heavy box as I can’t carry. 这是一个如此重的箱子，以至于我搬不动。(as在从句中作carry的宾语) She wears the same dress as her sister does. 她穿着和她妹妹一样的裙子。(as在从句中作does的宾语) 注意区分： such...that（结果状语从句，that 不作成分）与 such...as（定语从句，as 作成分） as与which的翻译区别（辅助理解） 例句 翻译 As we all know, he is a good teacher. 正如我们所知，他是一位好老师。(强调“我们已知”的事实) He is a good teacher, which we all know. 他是一位好老师，这件事我们都知道。(强调“他是好老师”这件事) He won the game, as we expected. 他赢了比赛，正如我们所料。（强调“符合预期”） He won the game, which excited us. 他赢了比赛，这让我们很激动。（强调“结果”） 知识5 “介词+关系代词”结构 定义： 在定语从句中，将介词提前到关系代词之前，构成 “介词+ which/whom” 的形式。 本质： 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以提到关系代词前面。 一、核心规则 规则 说明 指物 只能用 介词 + which（不能用 that） 指人 只能用 介词 + whom（不能用 who 或 that） 关系代词不能省略 介词提前后，which/whom 一律不能省略 介词的选择 由先行词或从句谓语动词的固定搭配决定 二、介词的选择依据 1. 根据从句中动词/形容词的固定搭配 The topic about which we are talking is very interesting. (talk about 固定搭配 →用about which) The person to whom you should write is Mr. Wang. (write to 固定搭配→用to whom) This is the problem of which we are proud. (be proud of 固定搭配→用of which) She is the girl with whom I went to the cinema. (go with 固定搭配→用with whom) 2. 根据先行词与介词的逻辑关系（时间/地点/方式/原因等） I still remember the day on which we first met. (on the day→用on which) This is the house in which I lived for ten years. (in the house →用in which) The reason for which he was late is unclear. (for the reason →用for which) This is the way in which he solved the problem. (in the way表示“以某种方式”) 3. 常见介词搭配总结 介词 常见搭配 例句 in in the room/city/year/way the house in which I live on on the day/table/team the day on which we met at at the school/table/time the school at which I studied for for the reason/person the reason for which he came with with the person/tool the girl with whom I danced to talk to, write to, go to the person to whom I wrote about talk about, worry about the topic about which we talked of be proud of, consist of the book of which I spoke from come from, learn from the school from which I graduated through go through, pass through the window through which he escaped 三、“介词+关系代词”与关系副词的互换 介词提前结构 关系副词 先行词类型 in/at/on which = where 地点 on/in/at which = when 时间 for which = why 原因 in...way 结构的替换方式：in which（正式）/ that（非正式，可省略）/不填（口语） 注意：way后不用how 方式 This is the school in which I studied. = This is the school where I studied. I remember the day on which we met. = I remember the day when we met. The reason for which he came is unknown. = The reason why he came is unknown. 注意： 先行词是way时： This is the way in which he works.（正式） This is the way that he works.（非正式） This is the way (不填) he works.（口语） ❌ This is the way how he works.（how 不能引导定语从句） 五、几种特殊结构 1. 名词/代词/数词 + of + which/whom（表示部分与整体关系） 这是考试极高频的结构，表示“在...中，...”。 He has three sons, two of whom are teachers. 他有三个儿子，其中两个是老师。 I have many books, most of which are novels. 我有很多书，其中大部分是小说。 She bought a lot of apples, half of which were rotten. 她买了很多苹果，其中一半烂了。 The class has 50 students, some of whom are from abroad. 这个班有50个学生，其中一些来自国外。 常见结构：all / both / each / some / any / many / most / few / several / half / none / neither / either + of + which / whom He has five friends, none of whom smoke. 他有五个朋友，他们中没人吸烟。 I visited two museums, neither of which was open. 我参观了两家博物馆，两家都没开放。 She wrote many poems, all of which were about nature. 她写了很多诗，全部都是关于大自然的。 2. whose +名词=名词+介词+关系代词(whom, which) The writer, the name of whom I have forgotten, is very famous. (= The writer, whose name I have forgotten, is very famous.) The house, the roof of which was damaged, needs repair. (= The house, whose roof was damaged, needs repair.) 注意： 这种结构本质上是“所属关系”的表达，可以用whose替换。 3. 复杂介词短语 + which/whom He went to the library, in front of which stood a tall tree. 他去了图书馆，图书馆前面有一棵大树。 She had a dog, next to which she always slept. 她有一只狗，它旁边她总是睡觉。 常见复杂介词：in front of / at the back of / on top of / at the foot of / in the middle of / next to / close to / by the side of 六、普通形式 vs 介词提前形式（对比总结） 普通形式（介词后置） 介词提前（正式） 注意事项 指物 the room which I lived in the room in which I lived 指物用which，不用that 指人 the man who I talked to the man to whom I talked 指人用whom，不用who 关系代词能否省略 可以省略（作宾语时） 不能省略 介词提前后必须保留which / whom 语体 口语/非正式 书面语/正式 写作中用介词提前更显水平 七、特别注意：介词不能提前的情况 1. 介词属于固定短语动词时，不能拆分 有些动词短语中的介词不能单独提前，否则会破坏短语的整体性。 This is the book which he is looking for. ✔ vs This is the book for which he is looking. ✘ （look for是固定短语，不能拆开） That is the child whom we are looking after. ✔ vs That is the child after whom we are looking. ✘ （look after是固定短语，不能拆开） 常见不可拆分的短语动词：look for（寻找）/ look after（照顾）/ care for（关心）/ deal with（处理）/ get over（克服）/ run into（遇见）/ come across（偶遇） 2. 介词提前时不能省略关系代词 the room in which I lived（✔，不能省略） vs the room in I lived（✘，省略了 which） 3. 介词提前时不能用 that the room in which I lived（✔）vs the room in that I lived（✘） 八、考点速查表（考试高频） 考点 正确形式 错误形式 说明 指物 + 介词提前 in which in that 介词提前用 which 指人 + 介词提前 to whom to who / to that 介词提前用 whom 时间 + 介词提前 on which on that = when 地点 + 介词提前 in which in that = where 原因 + 介词提前 for which for that = why 所属关系（部分/整体） some of which some of them which 引导定语从句 所属关系（指人部分/整体） two of whom two of them whom 引导定语从句 固定短语动词 looking for for which...looking 不能拆分 九、完整的从句还原法（判断技巧） 方法： 将定语从句还原为完整句子，看关系词在从句中与哪个介词搭配。 This is the book about which we talked. → 还原：We talked about the book.（about与talked搭配） → 所以用 about which She is the girl with whom I went to the party. → 还原：I went to the party with the girl.（with与went搭配） → 所以用with whom I’ll never forget the day on which we graduated. → 还原：We graduated on the day.（on与the day搭配） → 所以用on which 重难・核心突破 重难01 关系代词vs关系副词【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1. (2026全国高考I卷) (Drawn) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查关系代词。句意：被街头小吃的香味吸引，人们排起长队，站在售卖热腾腾的饺子和热汤面的摊位前。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词stands，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that / which。 2. (2026年1月浙江高考) The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____ ____ always ended in laughter. 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 【解题技巧】 判断用关系代词还是关系副词，核心只看从句缺什么成分。 具体操作是：把先行词放回定语从句中，如果从句缺主语或宾语，就用关系代词（who/whom/which/that）；如果从句结构完整（主谓宾齐全），只缺时间、地点或原因等状语，就用关系副词（when/where/why）。 如：I still remember the day when I met him.（从句 I met him 结构完整，缺时间状语，用 when） 比较：I still remember the day which we spent together.（从句 we spent 缺宾语，用 which） 解题时按“三步走”操作：先看从句结构是否完整，缺主宾用代词，结构完整用副词；同时注意易错点：先行词是 reason 时，如果从句缺宾语（如 he gave）仍用 which/that，只有从句完整时才用 why；先行词是 situation/case/point 等抽象名词时，若从句完整则用 where 引导。 【考法预测】 1. (2026江苏泰州∙模拟预测) The story of Lei family started in the early days of the Qing Dynasty _________ Lei Fada and his relatives from Nanjing were ordered (to rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：雷氏家族的故事开始于清初，雷发达和他的亲戚从南京被命令重建紫禁城的太和宫。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the early days of the Qing Dynasty，关系副词when引导从句，在从句中作时间状语。 2. (2026·江苏常州·二模) Unlike people in some fast-paced societies convenience dominates, many Chinese people prefer daily visits to local markets for the finest produce. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：与一些快节奏社会中那些以便捷性为至上原则的人们不同，许多中国人更倾向于每天去当地的市场采购最优质的农产品。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词societies，在从句作地点状语，用where引导该从句。故填where。 3. (2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) People refuse to eat carbs may feel tired, irritable and anxious, and even face serious health risks. 【答案】who / that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：拒绝摄入碳水的人容易疲惫、暴躁焦虑，甚至会面临严重的健康隐患。此处引导定语从句，先行词People指人，从句缺主语，用关系代词who或that。 重难02 关系代词的特殊用法 【真题再现】 1. (2024年1月浙江高考) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——它们以能让自己赚最多钱的方式给商品定价。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为way，故应填 that / which。 2. (2022全国高考I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 【解题技巧】 1. 先行词被最高级修饰（the best, the most...）；all, any, every, little, much, no, only, very等修饰；本身是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, few, little, much等不定代词时，应该用关系代词that来引导。 2. 当先行词是way时，引导定语从句的关系代词可以是that, in which，在口语中也可以省略。 【考法预测】 1. (2026·浙江宁波·二模) At the heart of this phenomenon is the special bond between artist Li Weiyi and the wolf Green she rescued in 2010 on the Ruo’ergai grasslands, a weak newborn cub mother was killed by poachers’ poisoned bait. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这一现象的核心，是画家李微漪与她在2010年若尔盖草原上救下的狼 “格林”之间的特殊羁绊。这只幼崽当时虚弱不堪，它的母亲被偷猎者的毒饵害死了。此空引导定语从句，先行词为cub，从句中缺少定语修饰mother，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 2. (2026·湖南长沙·二模) Some other fans were ordered to show the very Western patterns in turn exposed the Chinese to a different culture far away. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：另有一些扇子是定制款，绘有极具西方特色的纹样，反过来也让国人得以领略遥远异域的别样文化。定语从句修饰先行词patterns，在从句作主语，指物，且由the very修饰只能用that。 3. (2026·广东汕头·一模) Traditional wooden buildings (decorated) with red lanterns, along with the sound of local musicians performing Naxi instruments, display the region’s most distinctive culture seems frozen in time. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：传统的木质建筑上装饰着红色灯笼，同时还有当地乐手演奏纳西族乐器的声音，这一切展现了该地区最为独特的文化，这种文化仿佛凝固在了时间之中。定语从句修饰先行词culture，在从句作主语，且由最高级修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。 重难03 非限制性定语从句 【真题再现】 1. (2025全国高考I卷) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2. (2025全国高考II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and (central) heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3. (2025年1月浙江高考) Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【解题技巧】 1.看“逗号”，果断排除“that”。技巧口诀： 逗号后面，绝对不用 that。 2.看“意思”，区分 which 与 as。技巧口诀： 指代“一件事”用 which；表示“正如……”用 as。 3.【黄金公式】“介词 + 关系代词”。技巧口诀： 介词提前，指人用 whom，指物用 which。 【考法预测】 1. (2026∙山东∙三模) The city Kashgar (喀什), an ancient town has been restored to showcase traditional craftsmanship and trade, stands as (a) centre for experiential cultural tourism. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：喀什这座古城经过修复以展示传统工艺与贸易，现已成为体验式文化旅游的中心。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The city Kashgar，表地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故填关系副词where。 2. (2026∙山东∙模拟预测) Rural revitalization (复兴) has become a key part of China’s high-quality development, __________ aim is to build dynamic countryside and raise living standards in rural areas. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：乡村振兴是我国高质量发展的重要组成部分，其目标是打造充满活力的乡村，提升农村地区居民生活水平。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Rural revitalization，关系词在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。 3. (2026∙山东泰安∙模拟预测) The traditional dance of the Yi people, has a history of over two thousand years, was a particularly eye-catching attraction at the exhibition. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：彝族传统舞蹈已有两千多年的历史，是展览中特别引人注目的亮点。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“the traditional dance of the Yi people”，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。 重难04 as vs which 【真题再现】 1. (2025高考英语北京卷) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists (left) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 2. (2024高考英语全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the ___ (largest) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, __________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 【解题技巧】 针对 as 和 which 在非限制性定语从句中的区别，这是考试中最常设“陷阱”的地方。 1.看“位置”——从句在句首，必须用 as。 2.看“语义”——翻译成“正如/这一点”。这是区分二者核心逻辑的黄金法则。as翻译为 “正如……”或“就像……”。它强调主句与从句逻辑上的一致性，带有明显的“附带说明”色彩。 3.看“动词”——从句缺宾语时，优先警惕 which。总之，如果空格在句首，铁定选 as；如果空格在句末，翻译成“正如”用 as，翻译成“这件事”用 which。 【考法预测】 1. (25-26高三下∙山东日照∙阶段预测) As opposed to trees (such as oak or teak), can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus (permitting) repeated harvests without replanting. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：与可能需要十多年才能成熟的树木（如橡木或柚木）不同，竹子仅需四到六年即可达到可收获阶段，从而允许无需重新种植即可重复收获。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词trees作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 2. (2026∙湖南长沙∙二模) The goal of the MBTI is to help people identify and gain some understanding around how they take in information and make decisions, the patterns of perception and  judgement, seen in normal, healthy behavior. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：MBTI（迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标）的目标，是帮助人们识别并理解他们是如何接收信息和做出决策的，正如在正常、健康的行为中所见到的那样，即感知和判断的模式。这里的 as 指代的是前面整句话的内容，= as (it is) seen in...，意为“（正如）这件事在正常、健康的行为中（也）能看到”。它不指代某个具体的名词（如 patterns），而是对整句内容进行补充说明。故填as。 3. (25-26高三下∙湖北黄冈∙期中) According to incomplete (statistics), over 50 majors have been offered within the framework of the program, shapes a multi-tier (多层级的) international vocational training system. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据不完全统计，该项目框架内已开设50多个专业，形成了多层次的国际职业培训体系。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 重难05 “介词+关系代词”结构 【真题再现】 1.（2026全国高考II卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 【答案】which 【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们继续学习太极拳招式，安吉拉所教的流派中共有42个招式。分析句子结构并结合句意和设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tai chi positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语。先行词指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【解题技巧】 判断“介词+关系代词”结构，核心是抓准介词从哪儿来、关系代词怎么变。 介词的选择只有三个来源：看从句谓语动词的固定搭配、看先行词的习惯搭配，或者看句意需要表达的时间、地点、方式等逻辑关系。确定了介词之后，关系代词的选择就变成了死规则：介词提前时，指人一律用 whom，指物一律用 which，绝不能用 who 或 that，也不能省略。 做题时，分三步走：先看空格前有没有介词。有介词就把先行词和从句谓语拉出来，还原它们最自然的搭配关系；最后看先行词是人还是物，确定用 whom 还是 which。 另外还要注意，关系副词 when / where / why 可以替换成“介词 + which”，但要确保介词与先行词能构成合理的搭配关系，如果搭配不成立就不能互换。一句话概括：介词跟着搭配走，指人whom来指物which，还原句意定介词，排除who/that不回头。 【考法预测】 1. (25-26高三下∙广东茂名∙月考) Hong Kong is home to over seven million people, over 88 percent of ________ speak Cantonese (粤语). 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：香港是700多万人的家园，其中超过88%的人说粤语。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 2. (25-26高三下∙江苏扬州∙阶段检测) A research review found that the health benefits from eating more fruit and vegetables increase up to 800g a day, at point they level off. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一项研究综述发现，每天多吃水果和蔬菜带来的健康益处会持续增加，直到摄入量达到800克时趋于稳定。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为800g a day，指物，在定语从句中作介词at的宾语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 3. (2026∙浙江宁波∙模拟检测) If you understand that wine is a medium through we can express culture, then your work will find its direction. 【答案】which 【解析】考查关系代词。句意：“如果你理解葡萄酒是一种媒介，我们可以通过它来表达文化，那么你的工作就会找到方向。”空处位于介词through之后，且定语从句修饰先行词medium。介词后接关系代词，且指物时应用which，which作介词through的宾语。故填which。 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 1.（2026·重庆江津·三模）Located in Quanzhou city, the ancient Maritime Silk Road started, Dehua white porcelain (has sold) well at home and abroad since the Song Dynasty (960-1279). 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：德化白瓷产自古代海上丝绸之路的起点城市泉州，自宋代(960-1279)以来一直畅销国内外。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Quanzhou city，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。 2.（2026高三下·福建厦门·专题练习）Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams (flowing) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for (an) even more spectacular landscape. 【答案】which / that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在自然保护区内，你可以看到层层叠叠的山脉和山谷，清澈的溪流流入深蓝色的湖泊，以及强大的冰冻瀑布，在冬天形成闪闪发光的冰瀑，使景观更加壮观。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词waterfalls是物，因此空格处用关系代词。故填which / that。 3.（2026·山东日照·模拟预测）Today, as Chinese cuisine continues to evolve (globally), dishes like chop suey remind us of the lasting appeal and adaptability of China’s culinary heritage — a heritage values flavor, history, and shared human connections. 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如今，随着中国菜在全球范围内不断发展演变，像“杂碎”这样的菜肴让我们意识到，中国饮食文化的持久魅力和适应性依然存在——这种文化重视味道、历史以及人与人之间的相互联系。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词heritage指物，在从句中作主语，可用that / which引导。 4.（2026·山东济南·模拟预测）The term Xuan paper first appeared in a book (titled) On Famous Paintings through the Ages, Zhang Yanyuan, a scholar in Tang Dynasty, described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：宣纸被称为“千古之纸”。“宣纸”一词最早出现在《历代名画论》一书中，唐代学者张延元将宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，代替先行词On Famous Paintings through the Ages在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 5.（2026·山东济南·二模）The compound, name means ‌“to open the network of the heart”, has long been used (as) a traditional Chinese treatment for patients suffering heart attacks or strokes. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种化合物的名字意思是“打开心脏的脉络”，长期以来一直被用作治疗心脏病发作或中风患者的传统中药。“_____ name means ‘to open the network of the heart’”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The compound，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，指“化合物的”，用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 6.（2026·山东泰安·模拟预测）The traditional dance of the Yi people, has a history of over two thousand years, was a particularly eye-catching attraction at the exhibition. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：彝族传统舞蹈已有两千多年的历史，是展览中特别引人注目的亮点。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“the traditional dance of the Yi people”，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。 7.（25-26高三下·福建福州·阶段检测）Therefore, if you are a fan, you needn’t wait for June to enjoy this treasure, especially when you have a generous family member, is ready to treat you all year long. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：所以如果你爱吃粽子，不必等到六月，尤其当你有一位常年愿意招待你的热心家人。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是family member指代人，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who。 8.（2026·福建福州·模拟预测）It’s a seriously (addictive) flavour combination added to dishes like Chongqing hotpot and mapo tofu, and a big reason Sichuan restaurants often rank (as) the most popular of many regional styles in China. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是一种经过精心调配的复合调味料组合，常用于诸如重庆火锅和麻婆豆腐等菜品中。这也是四川菜馆能在中国众多地方菜系中脱颖而出、成为最受欢迎的菜系的重要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故用关系副词why。 9.（2026高三下·福建泉州·专题练习）Farmer painting dates back to the 1950s, it was used to serve production by promoting agricultural knowledge and practices. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：农民画的历史可以追溯到20世纪50年代，当时它被用来通过推广农业知识和实践来服务生产。逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the 1950s，从句中主、谓、宾结构完整，不缺主语也不缺宾语，缺的是时间状语（in the 1950s），所以要用关系副词 。故填when。 10.（25-26高三下·山东临沂·月考）Inside the 194 caves are 7,200 statues, heights vary from 20 centimeters to 15 meters. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这 194 个洞穴中，有 7200 尊雕像，它们的高度从 20 厘米到 15 米不等。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为7,200 statues，在从句中作定语，修饰 heights，表示“雕像的高度”，所以为关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 能力进阶 1.（2026高三下·福建厦门·专题练习）Feng’s story is being shown (visibly) in the ongoing Mirror to the Future: Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition, highlight is to show the development of the country’s fundamental fine arts education since 1904. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：丰子恺的故事正在进行的“镜鉴未来：中国基础美术教育文献展”中生动地展现出来，该展览的重点是展示自1904年以来我国基础美术教育的发展。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mirror to the Future: Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 2.（2026·福建福州·模拟预测）At the center lies a circular (圆形的) place community workshops are held weekly, teaching urban farming skills to (locals). 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中心有一个圆形场所，每周都会在这里举办社区工作坊，向当地人教授城市农耕技能。此处引导定语从句，先行词是a circular place，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。 3.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）However, it was still Unitree that provided the stand-out performance, a complex martial arts routine in the robots performance was cheered on by yellow-clad “kung fu kids” who then joined in. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而表现最出彩的仍是宇树科技的机器人，它们完成了一套复杂的武术套路，表演过程中，身着黄色服装的“功夫少年”为之喝彩并加入互动。分析句子结构可知，这考查定语从句，先行词为routine，指物，介词in后应用关系代词which。故填which。 4.（2026·重庆·三模）China’s national security authorities have released five typical cases of crimes __________ threaten national security, urging the public to heighten their awareness. 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国国家安全部门公布了五起威胁到国家安全的典型犯罪案例，呼吁公众提高警惕。该空需要一个关系词引导定语从句，先行词crimes（物），并指代先行词在从句中作主语，应填关系代词that / which。 5.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）Editor Ruan Ruixue, editorial director of the Phoenix Science Press, was present at the fair, said she could sense a distinct (enthusiasm) for these cultural exchanges. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：出席本次书展的江苏凤凰科学技术出版社编辑总监阮瑞雪表示，她能感受到人们对这类文化交流活动的明显热情。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Editor Ruan Ruixue，在从句作主语，指人，故用who。 6.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）The night she received the news, she thought not of the prize or (herself), but of the people and the land shaped her. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。 句意：得知消息的那个夜晚，她想的不是奖项或她自己，而是塑造了她的人和土地。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the people and the land，先行词既有人又有物，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用that。 7.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）As more people try to understand China and share those experiences with others, a reinforcing cycle emerges: exposure to Chinese content leads to curiosity and visits, in turn deepen understanding and further spread Chinese culture. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：随着越来越多的人试图了解中国并与他人分享这些经历，一个相互强化的循环逐渐形成：接触中国内容会引发好奇并促使人们前往中国，而这反过来又会加深理解并进一步传播中国文化。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句。 8.（25-26高三上·浙江宁波·月考）As one of the (earliest) places to produce coffee plants in China, the Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, the Chinese people were not used to drinking coffee. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：作为中国最早种植咖啡树的地区之一，新寨村于1952年开始种植咖啡树，当时中国人还不习惯喝咖啡。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1952，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 9.（2026·重庆永川·一模）The reason many teenagers are addicted to short video platforms is that these apps are designed to deliver instant gratification. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多青少年沉迷于短视频平台的原因，在于这些应用程序被设计用来提供即时的满足感。此空是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词The reason，表示原因，应该由why来引导。故填why。 10.（25-26高三上·广东深圳·期末）However, the new product range has got a mixed reaction from play experts, some of warn that it may harm what makes Lego special for children in an increasingly digital world. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，新产品系列在玩具专家中获得了褒贬不一的反应，他们中的一些人警告说，这可能会损害乐高在一个日益数字化的世界中对于孩子们而言的独特之处。后面逗号引出非限制性定语从句，进一步说明这些专家的态度。从句是 some of ______ warn that...（他们中的一些人警告说……）。先行词是 play experts（玩具专家），指人，所以只能用 whom。整个 some of whom 在从句中作主语，意为“他们中的一些人”，后面接 warn 作谓语。故填whom。 4 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 定语从句（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 关系代词vs关系副词 重难02 关系代词的特殊用法 重难03 非限制性定语从句 重难04 as vs which 重难05 “介词+关系代词”结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 一、定语从句 考情·分析解读 考题统计 核心考点 题型 定语从句 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2026·全国II卷 of which 非限制性定语从句，介词+关系代词 2026·浙江1月 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2025 2025·全国I卷 which 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 2025·全国II卷 where 非限制性定语从句，关系副词指地点 2025·浙江1月 which 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 2024 2024·新课标I卷 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2024·新课标II卷 who 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指人 2024·全国甲卷 which 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 2024·年浙江1月 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2023 2023·新课标I卷 / / 2023·新课标II卷 / / 2023·全国甲卷 as where 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指物 非限制性定语从句，关系副词指地点 2023·全国乙卷 that / which 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2023年·浙江1月 / / 2022 2022·新课标I卷 that 限制性定语从句，关系代词，指物 2022·新课标II卷 / / 2022·全国甲卷 who 非限制性定语从句，关系代词指人 2022·全国乙卷 / / 2022年·浙江1月 / / 2022年·浙江6月 / / 考情解读 命题规律： 近3年新高考卷对于定语从句的考查基本在定语从句关系词上，共计10次，主要考查： 1．用“抽象地点”考查where的延伸用法； 2．用“介词前置”考查关系词的形式变换； 3. 用“非限制性”和“整句指代”考查which / as； 4．用“特殊先行词”强制锁定that； 5. 用“分隔结构”干扰寻找先行词 备考策略 1. 熟练掌握关系代词与关系副词的基本用法，根据具体要求进行选择； 2. 熟练掌握that前面先行词的具体情况，判断用which或that； 3. 熟练掌握非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别； 4. 熟练掌握介词前置结构的搭配规则，根据具体情况来确定用whom，还是用which； 5. 熟练掌握as与which在指代整句时的位置区别； 6. 熟练掌握“one of +复数名词+定语从句”与“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的主谓一致规则； 7. 注意区分定语从句和同位语从句。 命题预测 定语从句在语法填空中几乎是每年必考题，2027年预计延续这种高频态势，主要以无提示词填空形式出现，考查关系词的选择与判断。“介词+关系代词”结构的考查频率预计持续上升；非限制性定语从句预计持续高热，有逗号隔开时禁用that和why是最核心的判断依据；where引导抽象地点名词（case, situation, point, stage, activity等）的定语从句是近年热点题型；as与which引导非限制性定语从句的辨析；that与which在限制性定语从句中的辨析预计反复出现；先行词辨识难度预计持续加大，分隔式定语从句以及嵌套结构可能成为拉分题型。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 知识1 限制性定语从句关系代词vs关系副词 1.核心区别 关系代词 关系副词 先行词 人、物（名词/代词） 时间、地点、原因（抽象名词） 在从句中充当 主语、宾语、表语、定语 状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语） 常见词 who, whom, which, that, whose when, where, why 2.关系代词详解 关系代词 指代 充当成分 例句 who 人 主语/宾语 The man who lives next door is a doctor.（主语） whom 人 宾语（正式） The girl whom you met is my sister.（宾语，可省略） which 物 主语/宾语 The book which is on the desk is mine.（主语） that 人/物 主语/宾语 I like the movie that we watched.（宾语，可省略） whose 人/物 定语（所属关系） The boy whose father is a teacher works hard. 3.关系副词详解 关系副词 指代 =介词+which 例句 when 时间 at/in/on which I still remember the day when I first came here.（= on which） where 地点 in/at/on which This is the school where I studied.（= at which） why 原因 for which Do you know the reason why he was late?（= for which） 4.最易混淆的考点 ⚠️ 先行词是“地点”时，不一定用 where！ 看从句是否缺主语/宾语： 例句 从句分析 正确答案 This is the factory ___ I visited last year. visited ___ → 缺宾语 that/which（或省略） This is the factory ___ I worked last year. I worked ___ → 缺地点状语 where ⚠️ 先行词是“时间”时，不一定用 when！ 例句 从句分析 正确答案 I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together. spent ___ → 缺宾语 that/which（或省略） I’ll never forget the days ___ we lived together. we lived ___ → 缺时间状语 when ⚠️ 先行词是“reason”时，不一定用 why！ 例句 从句分析 正确答案 The reason ___ he gave was not true. gave ___ → 缺宾语 that/which（或省略） The reason ___ he was late was the traffic. he was late ___ → 缺原因状语 why 5.速记口诀 关系代词：缺主宾表就用它（who/which/that/whose） 关系副词：主宾表全不缺，缺状语就用它（when/where/why） 判断口诀：看从句，缺啥补啥！ 知识2 关系代词的特殊用法 一、that的特殊用法 1. 只能用 that 的情况（不能用 which/who） 情况 例句 先行词被序数词修饰（the first, the second...） The first book that I read was Harry Potter. 先行词被最高级修饰（the best, the most...） This is the most interesting movie that I’ve ever seen. 先行词被 all, any, every, little, much, no, only, very 等修饰 She is the only person that can help us. 先行词本身是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, few, little, much 等不定代词 All that glitters is not gold.（闪光的未必都是金子） I have nothing that belongs to you. 先行词既有人又有物 We talked about the people and places that we visited. 主句以 who 或 which 开头（避免重复） Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the book that you borrowed? 注意： 以上情况中，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 2. 不能用that的情况（只能用 which/who/whom） 情况 说明 非限制性定语从句中（有逗号） I visited London, which is beautiful.（✔） I visited London, that is beautiful.（✘） 介词 + 关系代词（介词提前） This is the room in which I lived.（✔） This is the room in that I lived.（✘） 二、which 的特殊用法 1. 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 which 可以指代前面整个句子的内容，翻译为“这件事”。 He was late again, which made the teacher angry. 他又迟到了，这件事让老师很生气。 She won the first prize, which surprised everyone. 她获得了一等奖，这让所有人惊讶。 对比：I broke the glass that/which was on the table.（指代 the glass，具体物体） 2. 介词+ which的固定搭配 固定结构 说明 in which = where（地点） on which = when（时间，特指某一天） for which = why（原因） by which = 通过...的方式 through which = 通过... of which = 所属关系，相当于 whose + 名词 The company in which he works is very large. （= The company where he works is very large.） The book, the cover of which is red, is mine. （= The book, whose cover is red, is mine.） 三、who 的特殊用法 1. 先行词是表示人的不定代词时，优先用who Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished. 任何人违反了规则都会受罚。 Those who want to go can sign up here. 那些想去的人可以在这里报名。 He is one of the students who have passed the exam. 他是通过考试的学生之一。(注意谓语用复数) 2. 先行词被 the only, the very修饰且指人时，可用that也可用who She is the only person that/who understands me. 3. 主句以 there be开头时，指人常用who，也可用that There is a man who wants to see you. 四、whose 的特殊用法 1. 指代物（= of which） whose 不仅可以指人，也可以指物，表示“...的”。 The house whose windows are broken is abandoned. (=The house, the windows of which are broken, is abandoned.) I read a book whose title I can’t remember. (我读了一本书名我记不起来了的书。) 2. whose +名词 作定语 whose 在从句中充当定语，后面必须接名词。 The student whose mother is a doctor is my best friend. (从句中 whose mother 作主语，缺的是定语，不缺主宾) 对比：The student who is from America is my best friend. (从句中 who 作主语，缺的是主语) 五、as 的特殊用法（作为关系代词） as 用作关系代词时，常与such, the same, as搭配，构成固定结构。 固定结构 例句 such... as（如此...以至于...） I have never seen such a beautiful girl as she is. the same... as（与...同样的） This is the same book as I lost. as... as（正如...） He is not as clever as I thought.（非正式） 注意区分： such...that 表结果（that 引导状语从句），such...as 表比较（as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作成分）。 She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.（状语从句，从句完整） She is such a kind girl as everyone likes.（定语从句，likes缺宾语，as作宾语） 六、关系代词作宾语可以省略的情况 限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 可省略 不可省略 作宾语：The book (that/which) I bought is interesting. 作主语：The book that/which is on the desk is mine.（✘不可省略） 作宾语：The man (whom/that) you met is my uncle. 作主语：The man who/that met you is my uncle.（✘不可省略） 但： 介词提前时不能省略（the room in which I lived） whose 不能省略（whose 作定语） 验证方法： 看关系代词后面是否紧接动词。紧接动词的，关系代词作主语，不可省略；关系代词后面接主语（名词/代词）的，关系代词作宾语，可以省略。 七、特殊情况对比（最易混淆总结） 考点 正确用法 错误/区别 人+物 混合先行词 只能用 that 不能用 which/who 最高级/序数词 修饰先行词 只能用 that 不能用 which/who 非限制性定语从句（有逗号） 只能用 which/who/whom 不能用 that 介词提前 只能用 which/whom（in which, for whom） 不能用 that 指代整个主句 只能用 which 不能用 that such...as / the same...as 用 as 不用 which/that 知识3 非限制性定语从句 定义：对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意思完整性的定语从句。 标志：用逗号与主句隔开。 翻译：通常译为并列句，即“...，这件事/这个人/这个地方...”。 一、与限制性定语从句的核心对比 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 有无逗号 ❌ 无逗号 ✅ 有逗号 作用 起限定作用，不能省略 起补充说明作用，可以省略 翻译 译为“...的...” 译为并列句“...，这件事/他...” 关系词 that / who / whom / which / whose / when / where / why who / whom / which / whose / when / where（不能用 that） 关系词省略 作宾语时可以省略 一律不能省略 指代对象 只指代先行词 可指代先行词或整个主句 对比例句： 限制性： I have a brother who works in Beijing. 我有一个在北京工作的哥哥。(暗示我还有别的哥哥) 非限制性： I have a brother, who works in Beijing. 我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。(只有一个哥哥，补充说明) 限制性： The house which I bought is expensive. 我买的那栋房子很贵。(强调哪栋) 非限制性： The house, which I bought, is expensive. 这栋房子很贵，是我买的。(补充说明) 二、非限制性定语从句的关系词 1. 指代人：who（主语）/ whom（宾语） My father, who is over 60, still works every day. 我父亲60多岁了，每天还在工作。(who作主语) Professor Wang, whom we all respect, will give a speech. 王教授，我们都很尊敬他，将发表演讲。(whom作宾语，不能省略) 2. 指代物：which The Great Wall, which is over 2,000 years old, attracts millions of tourists. 长城有2000多年历史，吸引了数百万游客。 This bike, which I bought last year, is already broken. 这辆自行车是我去年买的，已经坏了。(which作宾语，不能省略) 3. 指代所属关系：whose（人/物均可） The famous singer, whose voice is beautiful, will come to our city. 这位著名歌手，她的声音很动听，将来我们城市。 The old house, whose roof was damaged, needs repair. 这栋老房子，屋顶坏了，需要维修。 4. 指代时间：when（= at/in/on which） I will never forget 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. 我永远不会忘记2020年，那一年新冠疫情爆发。 5. 指代地点：where（= in/at which） He went to Harvard, where he studied law. 他去了哈佛，在那里学习法律。 6. 不能用that或why 错误用法 正确用法 I like the book, that is interesting. ✘ I like the book, which is interesting. ✔ He was late, that made me angry. ✘ He was late, which made me angry. ✔ The reason, why he was late, was unclear. ✘(非限制性不用why) The reason, for which he was late, was unclear. ✔ 三、which 指代整个主句（特殊且极高频） 这是非限制性定语从句最常考的用法之一。 He broke the window, which made his mother very angry. 他打碎了窗户，这件事让他妈妈很生气。(which指代“他打碎窗户”这件事) She won the first prize, which surprised everyone. 她获得了一等奖，这让所有人惊讶。 The rain lasted for three days, which caused serious floods. 雨持续了三天，这导致了严重的洪水。 注意： 限制性定语从句中 which 不能指代整个主句，只能指代具体的先行词。 四、非限制性定语从句中“介词 + which/whom” 非限制性定语从句中同样可以用介词提前的结构。 The hotel, in which we stayed, was very comfortable. 这家酒店，我们住在里面，非常舒适。 My brother, with whom I share a room, is very tidy. 我哥哥，我和他同住一个房间，非常整洁。 The film, about which I told you, is worth watching. 那部电影，我跟你谈起过它，值得一看。 注意： 介词提前时，指人只能用 whom，指物只能用 which。 五、as引导的非限制性定语从句 特点：as 指代整个主句，且位置灵活（可放在句首、句中、句末） As we all know, China is a great country. 正如我们所知，中国是一个伟大的国家。(句首) He is very clever, as everyone can see. 他很聪明，这一点大家都能看出来。(句末) She is, as you know, a famous writer. 她，正如你所知，是一位著名作家。(句中) 六、非限制性定语从句的注意事项 1. 关系代词不能省略 The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. (不能省略 which，即使它作宾语) 对比限制性：The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is interesting. (可以省略) 2. 不能用 that I visited London, which is the capital of the UK. ✔ I visited London, that is the capital of the UK. ✘ 3. 不能用 why（原因状语） 非限制性定语从句中表示原因时，用 for which 代替 why。 The reason, for which he was late, is understandable. ✔ The reason, why he was late, is understandable. ✘ 4. 先行词为专有名词或独一无二的事物时，常用非限制性定语从句 Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading. The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a star. 原因： 专有名词本身已经明确指代，不需要限定，只能用非限制性进行补充说明。 知识4 as vs which 一、核心区别速览 对比项 as which 位置 句首、句中、句末 均可 只能放在句末（紧跟在主句之后） 含义 “正如...” “像...一样” “这件事...” “这...” 常见搭配 as we all know, as is known to all, as we can see, as is often the case, as is expected, as is said, as is reported 无固定搭配，自由使用 语气 带有 “已知/公认” 的意味 单纯的 “事实陈述” 从句动作时态 谓语通常为状态动词（be, know, see, expect, report 等） 谓语没有限制，可以是动作动词（make, cause, surprise 等） 二、位置区别（最直接判断法） as：句首、句中、句末均可 As we all know, China is a great country. 正如我们所知，中国是一个伟大的国家。(✅ 句首) She is, as you know, a famous writer. 她，正如你所知，是一位著名作家。(✅ 句中) He is very clever, as everyone can see. 他很聪明，这一点大家都能看出来。(✅ 句末) which：只能在句末 China is a great country, which we all know. 中国是一个伟大的国家，这件事我们都知道。(✅ 句末) Which we all know, China is a great country. ❌ (句首不能用 which) She is a famous writer, which you know. ✅ 她是一位著名作家，这件事你知道。 三、含义区别 as：带有“已知/公认”色彩 as 引导的从句通常表达说话者和听话者都知道的事实或共识。 As we all know, the earth goes around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球绕太阳转。(公认事实) As is often the case, he arrived late. 像往常一样，他迟到了。(常态，可预见) As is reported, the president will visit China next month. 正如报道的那样，总统将于下月访华。(已知新闻) which：客观陈述新信息 which 只是客观陈述主句带来的新事实或结果，不带有“已知”色彩。 He broke the window, which made his mother angry. 他打碎了窗户，这件事让他妈妈很生气。(这是新信息，不是已知的) The rain lasted for three days, which caused serious floods. 雨持续了三天，这导致严重洪水。(陈述结果) 四、从句谓语动词的特征 as 后面常用“状态性/认知性”动词 常见搭配 含义 as we all know 正如我们所知 as is known to all 众所周知 as we can see 正如我们所见 as is often the case 像往常一样 as is expected 正如预料的那样 as is said/reported 正如所说/报道的那样 as you may remember 正如你可能记得的 这些动词多为 know, see, expect, say, report, remember, mention 等。 which 后面可以是任何动词 He lied to me, which disappointed me deeply. 他对我说谎，这让我深感失望。(动作动词) She got promoted, which surprised nobody. 她升职了，这没人感到惊讶。(动作动词) 五、as 的固定句型（必须掌握） 以下句型在考试中几乎是必考的： 固定句型 含义 例句 as we all know / as is known to all 众所周知 As we all know, Taiwan is part of China. as we can see 正如我们所见 As we can see, the economy is recovering. as is often the case 像往常一样 He was late, as is often the case. as is expected 正如预料 As is expected, he won the game. as is said / reported 正如所说/报道 As is reported, the accident killed 10 people. as we have discussed 正如我们讨论过的 As we have discussed, we should take action. as you may remember 正如你可能记得的 As you may remember, we met last year. 注意： as在句首时，后面常接被动语态（is known, is said, is reported）或主动语态（we all know, we can see） 六、as与which互换与不可互换的情况 可互换（均在句末，且为陈述已知事实） He is very clever, as everyone can see. He is very clever, which everyone can see. （两句话都对，但含义略有不同：as 强调“大家都能看到这一点”，which 强调“这件事”） 不可互换（句首只能用 as） As is known to all, he is honest. ✔ Which is known to all, he is honest. ✘ 不可互换（which 表新结果时不能用 as） He broke the glass, which made his mother angry. ✔ He broke the glass, as made his mother angry. ✘ （as不能引导表示“新结果”的从句） 不可互换（as 固定搭配中不能用 which） As we all know, practice makes perfect. ✔ Which we all know, practice makes perfect. ✘ 七、完整对比表格 对比维度 as which 位置 句首 ✔ / 句中 ✔ / 句末 ✔ 仅句末 ✔ 含义 “正如...” “这一点”（含“已知”意味） “这件事...”（客观陈述） 从句谓语 多为 know, see, expect, report, say 等状态/认知动词 无限制，可以是任何动词 常见结构 固定搭配(as is known, as is often the case...) 无固定搭配 是否可指代整个主句 ✅ 可以 ✅ 可以 是否可用在限制性定语从句中 ✅ 可以（such...as, the same...as） ✅ 可以（指具体先行词） 句首能否使用 ✅ 可以 ❌ 不可以 八、易混淆点补充 as 在限制性定语从句中的用法（补充参考） as 除了在非限制性从句中指代整个主句外，还常在限制性定语从句中与 such, the same, as 搭配： This is such a heavy box as I can’t carry. 这是一个如此重的箱子，以至于我搬不动。(as在从句中作carry的宾语) She wears the same dress as her sister does. 她穿着和她妹妹一样的裙子。(as在从句中作does的宾语) 注意区分： such...that（结果状语从句，that 不作成分）与 such...as（定语从句，as 作成分） as与which的翻译区别（辅助理解） 例句 翻译 As we all know, he is a good teacher. 正如我们所知，他是一位好老师。(强调“我们已知”的事实) He is a good teacher, which we all know. 他是一位好老师，这件事我们都知道。(强调“他是好老师”这件事) He won the game, as we expected. 他赢了比赛，正如我们所料。（强调“符合预期”） He won the game, which excited us. 他赢了比赛，这让我们很激动。（强调“结果”） 知识5 “介词+关系代词”结构 定义： 在定语从句中，将介词提前到关系代词之前，构成 “介词+ which/whom” 的形式。 本质： 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以提到关系代词前面。 一、核心规则 规则 说明 指物 只能用 介词 + which（不能用 that） 指人 只能用 介词 + whom（不能用 who 或 that） 关系代词不能省略 介词提前后，which/whom 一律不能省略 介词的选择 由先行词或从句谓语动词的固定搭配决定 二、介词的选择依据 1. 根据从句中动词/形容词的固定搭配 The topic about which we are talking is very interesting. (talk about 固定搭配 →用about which) The person to whom you should write is Mr. Wang. (write to 固定搭配→用to whom) This is the problem of which we are proud. (be proud of 固定搭配→用of which) She is the girl with whom I went to the cinema. (go with 固定搭配→用with whom) 2. 根据先行词与介词的逻辑关系（时间/地点/方式/原因等） I still remember the day on which we first met. (on the day→用on which) This is the house in which I lived for ten years. (in the house →用in which) The reason for which he was late is unclear. (for the reason →用for which) This is the way in which he solved the problem. (in the way表示“以某种方式”) 3. 常见介词搭配总结 介词 常见搭配 例句 in in the room/city/year/way the house in which I live on on the day/table/team the day on which we met at at the school/table/time the school at which I studied for for the reason/person the reason for which he came with with the person/tool the girl with whom I danced to talk to, write to, go to the person to whom I wrote about talk about, worry about the topic about which we talked of be proud of, consist of the book of which I spoke from come from, learn from the school from which I graduated through go through, pass through the window through which he escaped 三、“介词+关系代词”与关系副词的互换 介词提前结构 关系副词 先行词类型 in/at/on which = where 地点 on/in/at which = when 时间 for which = why 原因 in...way 结构的替换方式：in which（正式）/ that（非正式，可省略）/不填（口语） 注意：way后不用how 方式 This is the school in which I studied. = This is the school where I studied. I remember the day on which we met. = I remember the day when we met. The reason for which he came is unknown. = The reason why he came is unknown. 注意： 先行词是way时： This is the way in which he works.（正式） This is the way that he works.（非正式） This is the way (不填) he works.（口语） ❌ This is the way how he works.（how 不能引导定语从句） 五、几种特殊结构 1. 名词/代词/数词 + of + which/whom（表示部分与整体关系） 这是考试极高频的结构，表示“在...中，...”。 He has three sons, two of whom are teachers. 他有三个儿子，其中两个是老师。 I have many books, most of which are novels. 我有很多书，其中大部分是小说。 She bought a lot of apples, half of which were rotten. 她买了很多苹果，其中一半烂了。 The class has 50 students, some of whom are from abroad. 这个班有50个学生，其中一些来自国外。 常见结构：all / both / each / some / any / many / most / few / several / half / none / neither / either + of + which / whom He has five friends, none of whom smoke. 他有五个朋友，他们中没人吸烟。 I visited two museums, neither of which was open. 我参观了两家博物馆，两家都没开放。 She wrote many poems, all of which were about nature. 她写了很多诗，全部都是关于大自然的。 2. whose +名词=名词+介词+关系代词(whom, which) The writer, the name of whom I have forgotten, is very famous. (= The writer, whose name I have forgotten, is very famous.) The house, the roof of which was damaged, needs repair. (= The house, whose roof was damaged, needs repair.) 注意： 这种结构本质上是“所属关系”的表达，可以用whose替换。 3. 复杂介词短语 + which/whom He went to the library, in front of which stood a tall tree. 他去了图书馆，图书馆前面有一棵大树。 She had a dog, next to which she always slept. 她有一只狗，它旁边她总是睡觉。 常见复杂介词：in front of / at the back of / on top of / at the foot of / in the middle of / next to / close to / by the side of 六、普通形式 vs 介词提前形式（对比总结） 普通形式（介词后置） 介词提前（正式） 注意事项 指物 the room which I lived in the room in which I lived 指物用which，不用that 指人 the man who I talked to the man to whom I talked 指人用whom，不用who 关系代词能否省略 可以省略（作宾语时） 不能省略 介词提前后必须保留which / whom 语体 口语/非正式 书面语/正式 写作中用介词提前更显水平 七、特别注意：介词不能提前的情况 1. 介词属于固定短语动词时，不能拆分 有些动词短语中的介词不能单独提前，否则会破坏短语的整体性。 This is the book which he is looking for. ✔ vs This is the book for which he is looking. ✘ （look for是固定短语，不能拆开） That is the child whom we are looking after. ✔ vs That is the child after whom we are looking. ✘ （look after是固定短语，不能拆开） 常见不可拆分的短语动词：look for（寻找）/ look after（照顾）/ care for（关心）/ deal with（处理）/ get over（克服）/ run into（遇见）/ come across（偶遇） 2. 介词提前时不能省略关系代词 the room in which I lived（✔，不能省略） vs the room in I lived（✘，省略了 which） 3. 介词提前时不能用 that the room in which I lived（✔）vs the room in that I lived（✘） 八、考点速查表（考试高频） 考点 正确形式 错误形式 说明 指物 + 介词提前 in which in that 介词提前用 which 指人 + 介词提前 to whom to who / to that 介词提前用 whom 时间 + 介词提前 on which on that = when 地点 + 介词提前 in which in that = where 原因 + 介词提前 for which for that = why 所属关系（部分/整体） some of which some of them which 引导定语从句 所属关系（指人部分/整体） two of whom two of them whom 引导定语从句 固定短语动词 looking for for which...looking 不能拆分 九、完整的从句还原法（判断技巧） 方法： 将定语从句还原为完整句子，看关系词在从句中与哪个介词搭配。 This is the book about which we talked. → 还原：We talked about the book.（about与talked搭配） → 所以用 about which She is the girl with whom I went to the party. → 还原：I went to the party with the girl.（with与went搭配） → 所以用with whom I’ll never forget the day on which we graduated. → 还原：We graduated on the day.（on与the day搭配） → 所以用on which 重难・核心突破 重难01 关系代词vs关系副词【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1. (2026全国高考I卷) (Drawn) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2. (2026年1月浙江高考) The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____ ____ always ended in laughter. 【解题技巧】 判断用关系代词还是关系副词，核心只看从句缺什么成分。 具体操作是：把先行词放回定语从句中，如果从句缺主语或宾语，就用关系代词（who/whom/which/that）；如果从句结构完整（主谓宾齐全），只缺时间、地点或原因等状语，就用关系副词（when/where/why）。 如：I still remember the day when I met him.（从句 I met him 结构完整，缺时间状语，用 when） 比较：I still remember the day which we spent together.（从句 we spent 缺宾语，用 which） 解题时按“三步走”操作：先看从句结构是否完整，缺主宾用代词，结构完整用副词；同时注意易错点：先行词是 reason 时，如果从句缺宾语（如 he gave）仍用 which/that，只有从句完整时才用 why；先行词是 situation/case/point 等抽象名词时，若从句完整则用 where 引导。 【考法预测】 1. (2026江苏泰州∙模拟预测) The story of Lei family started in the early days of the Qing Dynasty _________ Lei Fada and his relatives from Nanjing were ordered (to rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. 2. (2026·江苏常州·二模) Unlike people in some fast-paced societies convenience dominates, many Chinese people prefer daily visits to local markets for the finest produce. 3. (2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) People refuse to eat carbs may feel tired, irritable and anxious, and even face serious health risks. 重难02 关系代词的特殊用法 【真题再现】 1. (2024年1月浙江高考) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 2. (2022全国高考I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【解题技巧】 1. 先行词被最高级修饰（the best, the most...）；all, any, every, little, much, no, only, very等修饰；本身是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, few, little, much等不定代词时，应该用关系代词that来引导。 2. 当先行词是way时，引导定语从句的关系代词可以是that, in which，在口语中也可以省略。 【考法预测】 1. (2026·浙江宁波·二模) At the heart of this phenomenon is the special bond between artist Li Weiyi and the wolf Green she rescued in 2010 on the Ruo’ergai grasslands, a weak newborn cub mother was killed by poachers’ poisoned bait. 2. (2026·湖南长沙·二模) Some other fans were ordered to show the very Western patterns in turn exposed the Chinese to a different culture far away. 3. (2026·广东汕头·一模) Traditional wooden buildings (decorated) with red lanterns, along with the sound of local musicians performing Naxi instruments, display the region’s most distinctive culture seems frozen in time. 重难03 非限制性定语从句 【真题再现】 1. (2025全国高考I卷) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2. (2025全国高考II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and (central) heating doesn’t exist. 3. (2025年1月浙江高考) Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【解题技巧】 1.看“逗号”，果断排除“that”。技巧口诀： 逗号后面，绝对不用 that。 2.看“意思”，区分 which 与 as。技巧口诀： 指代“一件事”用 which；表示“正如……”用 as。 3.【黄金公式】“介词 + 关系代词”。技巧口诀： 介词提前，指人用 whom，指物用 which。 【考法预测】 1. (2026∙山东∙三模) The city Kashgar (喀什), an ancient town has been restored to showcase traditional craftsmanship and trade, stands as (a) centre for experiential cultural tourism. 2. (2026∙山东∙模拟预测) Rural revitalization (复兴) has become a key part of China’s high-quality development, __________ aim is to build dynamic countryside and raise living standards in rural areas. 3. (2026∙山东泰安∙模拟预测) The traditional dance of the Yi people, has a history of over two thousand years, was a particularly eye-catching attraction at the exhibition. 重难04 as vs which 【真题再现】 1. (2025高考英语北京卷) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists (left) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 2. (2024高考英语全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the ___ (largest) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, __________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【解题技巧】 针对 as 和 which 在非限制性定语从句中的区别，这是考试中最常设“陷阱”的地方。 1.看“位置”——从句在句首，必须用 as。 2.看“语义”——翻译成“正如/这一点”。这是区分二者核心逻辑的黄金法则。as翻译为 “正如……”或“就像……”。它强调主句与从句逻辑上的一致性，带有明显的“附带说明”色彩。 3.看“动词”——从句缺宾语时，优先警惕 which。总之，如果空格在句首，铁定选 as；如果空格在句末，翻译成“正如”用 as，翻译成“这件事”用 which。 【考法预测】 1. (25-26高三下∙山东日照∙阶段预测) As opposed to trees (such as oak or teak), can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus (permitting) repeated harvests without replanting. 2. (2026∙湖南长沙∙二模) The goal of the MBTI is to help people identify and gain some understanding around how they take in information and make decisions, the patterns of perception and  judgement, seen in normal, healthy behavior. 3. (25-26高三下∙湖北黄冈∙期中) According to incomplete (statistics), over 50 majors have been offered within the framework of the program, shapes a multi-tier (多层级的) international vocational training system. 重难05 “介词+关系代词”结构 【真题再现】 1.（2026全国高考II卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 【解题技巧】 判断“介词+关系代词”结构，核心是抓准介词从哪儿来、关系代词怎么变。 介词的选择只有三个来源：看从句谓语动词的固定搭配、看先行词的习惯搭配，或者看句意需要表达的时间、地点、方式等逻辑关系。确定了介词之后，关系代词的选择就变成了死规则：介词提前时，指人一律用 whom，指物一律用 which，绝不能用 who 或 that，也不能省略。 做题时，分三步走：先看空格前有没有介词。有介词就把先行词和从句谓语拉出来，还原它们最自然的搭配关系；最后看先行词是人还是物，确定用 whom 还是 which。 另外还要注意，关系副词 when / where / why 可以替换成“介词 + which”，但要确保介词与先行词能构成合理的搭配关系，如果搭配不成立就不能互换。一句话概括：介词跟着搭配走，指人whom来指物which，还原句意定介词，排除who/that不回头。 【考法预测】 1. (25-26高三下∙广东茂名∙月考) Hong Kong is home to over seven million people, over 88 percent of ________ speak Cantonese (粤语). 2. (25-26高三下∙江苏扬州∙阶段检测) A research review found that the health benefits from eating more fruit and vegetables increase up to 800g a day, at point they level off. 3. (2026∙浙江宁波∙模拟检测) If you understand that wine is a medium through we can express culture, then your work will find its direction. 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 1.（2026·重庆江津·三模）Located in Quanzhou city, the ancient Maritime Silk Road started, Dehua white porcelain (has sold) well at home and abroad since the Song Dynasty (960-1279). 2.（2026高三下·福建厦门·专题练习）Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams (flowing) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for (an) even more spectacular landscape. 3.（2026·山东日照·模拟预测）Today, as Chinese cuisine continues to evolve (globally), dishes like chop suey remind us of the lasting appeal and adaptability of China’s culinary heritage — a heritage values flavor, history, and shared human connections. 4.（2026·山东济南·模拟预测）The term Xuan paper first appeared in a book (titled) On Famous Paintings through the Ages, Zhang Yanyuan, a scholar in Tang Dynasty, described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. 5.（2026·山东济南·二模）The compound, name means ‌“to open the network of the heart”, has long been used (as) a traditional Chinese treatment for patients suffering heart attacks or strokes. 6.（2026·山东泰安·模拟预测）The traditional dance of the Yi people, has a history of over two thousand years, was a particularly eye-catching attraction at the exhibition. 7.（25-26高三下·福建福州·阶段检测）Therefore, if you are a fan, you needn’t wait for June to enjoy this treasure, especially when you have a generous family member, is ready to treat you all year long. 8.（2026·福建福州·模拟预测）It’s a seriously (addictive) flavour combination added to dishes like Chongqing hotpot and mapo tofu, and a big reason Sichuan restaurants often rank (as) the most popular of many regional styles in China. 9.（2026高三下·福建泉州·专题练习）Farmer painting dates back to the 1950s, it was used to serve production by promoting agricultural knowledge and practices. 10.（25-26高三下·山东临沂·月考）Inside the 194 caves are 7,200 statues, heights vary from 20 centimeters to 15 meters. 能力进阶 1.（2026高三下·福建厦门·专题练习）Feng’s story is being shown (visibly) in the ongoing Mirror to the Future: Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition, highlight is to show the development of the country’s fundamental fine arts education since 1904. 2.（2026·福建福州·模拟预测）At the center lies a circular (圆形的) place community workshops are held weekly, teaching urban farming skills to (locals). 3.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）However, it was still Unitree that provided the stand-out performance, a complex martial arts routine in the robots performance was cheered on by yellow-clad “kung fu kids” who then joined in. 4.（2026·重庆·三模）China’s national security authorities have released five typical cases of crimes __________ threaten national security, urging the public to heighten their awareness. 5.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）Editor Ruan Ruixue, editorial director of the Phoenix Science Press, was present at the fair, said she could sense a distinct (enthusiasm) for these cultural exchanges. 6.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）The night she received the news, she thought not of the prize or (herself), but of the people and the land shaped her. 7.（2026·重庆·模拟预测）As more people try to understand China and share those experiences with others, a reinforcing cycle emerges: exposure to Chinese content leads to curiosity and visits, in turn deepen understanding and further spread Chinese culture. 8.（25-26高三上·浙江宁波·月考）As one of the (earliest) places to produce coffee plants in China, the Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, the Chinese people were not used to drinking coffee. 9.（2026·重庆永川·一模）The reason many teenagers are addicted to short video platforms is that these apps are designed to deliver instant gratification. 10.（25-26高三上·广东深圳·期末）However, the new product range has got a mixed reaction from play experts, some of warn that it may harm what makes Lego special for children in an increasingly digital world. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $