2027届高考英语定语从句学生复习讲义

该高中英语高考复习讲义全面覆盖定语从句核心考点，包括关系代词（who/whom/whose/that/which/as）、关系副词（when/where/why）、介词+关系词及易混句型区分，按“基础概念—专项突破—综合应用”逻辑架构知识体系。通过规则感悟、典例解析、分层练习（小试牛刀、基础达标、高考真题、语篇提能）等环节，帮助学生系统梳理考点、掌握解题方法，突破从句成分分析、关系词选择等难点。 讲义突出“讲练结合、读写并重”特色，如通过“关系代词与关系副词选择方法”培养学生思维品质，引导分析从句成分确定关系词；设置写作运用模块，将定语从句融入范文创作，提升语言表达能力。分层练习精准对接高考难度，真题演练强化实战体验，为教师把控复习节奏、学生高效提升应考能力提供有力支撑。

2027届高考英语定语从句学生复习讲义 一、定语从句基础概念 规则感悟 关系词指人作主语，可以用 who，that 引导。若先行词为 someone，anyone，one 等时，关系词只能用 who。 关系词作定语，用 whose 引导，既可以指人也可以指物。 关系词指人作宾语，可以用 who，whom，that 引导。 关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用 which，that 引导。 二、who，whom 和 whose 引导的定语从句 who 和 whom 都指人。who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom 在定语从句中作宾语，限制性定语从句中可省略。口语中可用 who 代替 whom。 whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语；指物时可用 of which 替换，指人时可用 of whom 替换。 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。 I have many friends (who/whom) I’m going to send postcards to. 我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片给他们。 My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作使他在全世界到处跑。 三、that 和 which 引导的定语从句 that 指代人或物，which 只能指代物，使用区分如下： （一）只用 that 引导定语从句的 6 种情况 先行词是 all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one 等不定代词； 先行词被 all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some 等修饰； 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身是序数词、最高级； 先行词被 the only，the very，the last 修饰； 先行词同时包含人 + 物； 主句以 which 开头的特殊疑问句。 （二）只用 which 引导定语从句的 4 种情况 引导非限制性定语从句； 先行词为物，介词前置放在关系代词前； 先行词本身是 that； 关系代词后存在插入语。 四、as 引导的定语从句 限制性定语从句：固定搭配 the same...as...，such...as...，so...as...；as 可指人 / 物，在从句中作主、宾、表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售了。 非限制性定语从句中 as 与 which 区分 关系词 位置 含义 as 可置于主句前、主句后、主句中间 正如……；谓语常搭配 see, know, expect, say, report 等 which 仅置于主句后 这一点、这件事 As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake. 正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。 The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。 五、定语从句主谓一致规则 关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语单复数与先行词保持一致；先行词为整个主句时，从句谓语用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 给我的那台录音机是国产的。 one of + 复数名词作先行词，关系词作主语，从句谓语用复数；若 one 前有 the /the only /the very 修饰，从句谓语用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress. 他是取得很大进步的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。 小试牛刀1 1．BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 2．Dr Rowan，________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 3．The lady who (be) standing behind the counter is my sister. 4． is widely accepted，in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses，but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures. 5．When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons ________ they could remember in the school. 6．Then Mr Green read some reviews of the play，________ said it was a terrible one. 六、关系副词 when/where/why 引导定语从句 规则感悟 先行词表原因，从句缺状语，用 why； 先行词表时间，从句缺状语，用 when； 先行词表抽象情况、场景，从句缺状语，用 where。 关系副词对照表 先行词类型 关系副词 从句成分 等价结构 时间名词 time/day/year when 时间状语 at/in/on/during which 地点名词 park/place/country where 地点状语 in/at/to/on which reason why 原因状语 for which We live in an age when (in which) more information is available with great ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都容易获得更多信息的时代。 The school where (at which) I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 我只在那里上了两年学的那所学校离这里有 3000 米远。 The reason why (for which) he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他缺乏练习。 补充拓展 抽象地点名词 case, situation, stage, point, job, activity, career，从句缺状语，用 where。 They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 occasion 两层含义区分：表 “时机” 用 when；表 “场合” 用 where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health. 我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。 Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge. 在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。 先行词 way 表方式，从句缺状语，可用 that /in which / 省略引导词。 It’s not what you say；it’s the way (that/in which) you say it. 问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。 关系代词、关系副词选择方法 从句缺少主语、宾语→关系代词；从句不缺主谓宾，缺少时间 / 地点 / 原因状语→关系副词。 典例 1 The factory ________ he once worked is closed now. 解析：work 为不及物动词，work in the factory，从句缺地点状语，填 where。 典例 2 The factory ________ he set up last year is operating well. 解析：set up the factory 构成动宾，从句缺宾语，填 that/which。 小试牛刀2 1．In the spring，a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. 2．They are now in a situation ________ they need to make a practical plan. 3．That evening，________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. 4．One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons ________ this problem could not be solved. 七、介词 + 关系词引导定语从句 规则感悟 介词 + 关系词引导定语从句；先行词指物用 which，指人用 whom；介词选择依据先行词搭配或从句动词固定搭配。 介词前置规则：指人用 whom，指物用 which；可使用介词 + whose + 名词结构。 He is the person on whom you can depend. 他是你可以信赖的人。 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 介词三种确定方法 ① 从句动词固定搭配；② 先行词固定搭配；③ 根据句意判断。 whose 替换结构 whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which (物) /the + 名词 + of whom (人) The newly built cafe，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 八、定语从句与易混句型区分 （一）定语从句 vs 并列句 逗号后有 and/but/so 等并列连词，为并列句，不用关系代词，用人称代词 them/him/her。 1．She has written many novels，some of ________ are interesting.（which 定语从句） 2．She has written many novels，and some of ________ are interesting.（them 并列句） （二）定语从句 vs 独立主格 有谓语动词→定语从句，用 which/whom；无谓语动词，只有非谓语 / 形容词→独立主格，用人称代词。 1．She has collected many old stamps，most of ________ are worth thousands of dollars.（which） 2．She has collected many old stamps，most of ________ worth thousands of dollars.（them） （三）定语从句 vs 地点状语从句 有地点先行词→定语从句；无先行词，直接修饰动词→where 引导地点状语从句。 1．We young people should go to the place ________ is in need of help.（which/that 定语从句） 2．We young people should go ________ we’re most needed.（where 状语从句） （四）定语从句 vs 时间状语从句 有时间先行词→定语从句；无先行词，修饰主句动作→时间状语从句。 1．I will always remember the days ________ I lived with my grandparents in the countryside.（when 定语从句） 2．I always remember the days in the countryside ________ I see the photo of my grandparents.（when 状语从句） （五）定语从句 vs 结果状语从句 such...as.../the same...as... 中 as 在从句充当成分（定语从句）；such...that... 中 that 不作成分（结果状语从句）。 1．This is such an interesting work of art ________ all of us like.（as） 2．This is such an interesting work of art ________ all of us like it.（that） （六）定语从句 vs 主语从句 定语从句修饰名词；主语从句在句中作主语。 1．________ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.（As 非限制性定语从句） 2．________ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.（It 形式主语，主语从句） 3．________ is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.（What 主语从句） （七）定语从句 vs 强调句型 去掉 It is/was...that/who，句子完整→强调句；句子残缺→定语从句。 1．It was on the morning of May 1st ________ I met Liang Wei at the airport.（that 强调句） 2．It is the factory ________ Mr Wang works.（where 定语从句） 小试牛刀3 1．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________ we can learn without repeating them. 2．Hua Mulan，the story of ________ has been told by generations in China，is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386－534)． 3．The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies，all of ________ over 600 years old. 4．I have a new book，the cover of ________ is very nice. 基础单句填空 1．I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic，I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. 2．At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 3．Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 4．As one of the smartest libraries in Shanghai，the new branch has the largest individual library building in China，________ size is 115,000 square meters. 5．________ was reported in the international science journal Nature Medicine last week，the research was conducted by a team led by Lin Haotian，a professor at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University. 层级一 基础达标练 单句语法填空 1．The old man turned his business over to his younger son，________ made his elder son discouraged. 2．I will never forget such a beautiful village ________ I spent my childhood with my grandparents. 3．There they met people from other parts of the country，________ had also volunteered to help. 4．There are many good websites ________ you can check out the latest in the science world. 5．He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people ________ wanted to work in Silicon Valley. 6．Incense found wider popularity during the Ming and Qing dynasties ________ it was used to fend off diseases，insects，mosquitoes and preserve people’s health. 7．Over the years，I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，________ way of talking about people inspired me. 8．________ an official document explained，tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people’s daily life. 9．The reason ________ the 12th lunar month is called la yue has a lot to do with the custom of sacrifice. 10．Zhou is working with a group of highly educated and skilled young people，most of ________ hold doctorate degrees. 层级二 高考真题练 单句语法填空 1．But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. 2．There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 3．Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 4．On the 1,100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 5．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 6．When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 7．Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 8．In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 9．The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759. 10．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 层级三 语篇提能练 语法填空 There was a time 1.________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3.________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide,4.________ teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face to face.He，from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7.________ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8.________ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words.10.________ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.” 定语从句写作运用 1. 关系代词引导定语从句 典例：With a trophy in one hand and an awarding paper in the other hand，I looked at my teacher，who gave me a thumbs-up，with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride. 运用 1：孔子，又名孔丘，是生活在春秋时期的中国哲学家和政治家。 典例：A great deal of encouragement which you gave me inspired my motivation for writing. 运用 2：6 月 8 号的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。 2. 关系副词引导定语从句 典例：Confucius’ influence can still be seen in modern Chinese society，where his teachings continue to be studied and applied in daily life. 运用：首先，我们会带你们参观我们的学校，然后在当地的一家餐馆吃饭，在那里你们可以尝尝地道的中国菜。 3. “介词＋关系词” 引导定语从句 典例：So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? 运用：对于学生们来说，使他们学习受益最大的就是读英语书，他们可以从中学习在课堂上学不到的东西。 4. 非限制性定语从句写作 典例：I explained why I chose this special subject and even acted out one role-play as Revere’s horse on the stage，which made the audience laugh out. 运用：首先，我建议组织一次环城徒步旅行，探索北京的绿色空间，这将使参与者体验到城市公园的美丽。 参考答案 小试牛刀1 that/which 2. whose 3. is 4. As 5. that 6. which 小试牛刀2 when 2. where 3. which 4. why 小试牛刀3 which 2. whom 3. them 4. which 基础单句填空 that/which 2. where 3. who/that 4. whose 5. As 层级一 基础达标练 which 2. as 3. who 4. where 5. who/that when 7. whose 8. As 9. why 10. whom 层级二 高考真题练 that/which 2. where 3. who/that 4. who 5. that that 7. where 8. whose 9. that/which 10. where 层级三 语篇语法填空 when 2. why 3. where 4. whose 5. whom that/which 7. who 8. which 9. which 10. As 写作参考范文 运用 1 Confucius, also known as Kong Qiu, was a Chinese philosopher and statesman who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. 运用 2 World Ocean Day, which falls on June 8th, aims to raise people’s awareness of ocean protection. 关系副词运用 First, we will show you around our school, and then we will have dinner in a local restaurant where you can taste authentic Chinese food. 介词 + 关系词运用 For students, reading English books is the thing from which they can benefit most, for they can learn knowledge that cannot be gained in class. 非限制性定语从句运用 First of all, I suggest organizing a hiking trip around the city to explore Beijing’s green spaces, which will allow participants to enjoy the beauty of urban parks. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $