专题17 定语从句（复习讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦定语从句专题，系统覆盖关系代词、关系副词、“介词+关系代词”、主谓一致及与其他从句区别等核心考点，按“定义-类别-关系词作用-考向”逻辑架构知识体系，通过知识解构、考向破译、真题训练等环节，帮助学生构建完整解题思维链。 讲义以思维建模为特色，创新采用对比分析（如which与that用法差异）、归纳解题范式（“介词+关系代词”介词选择规律）等策略，结合近年真题设计分层练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

专题17 定语从句 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 定语从句的基本知识 知识解构 知识点1 定语从句的定义 知识点2 先行词 知识点3 定语从句的位置 知识点4 定语从句的类别 知识点5关系词的三大作用 知识点6 分割型定语从句 考向破译 考向 1 考查限制性定语从句 考向02 考查非限制性定语从句 考点二 关系代词which的用法 知识解构 知识点1 引导非限制性定语从句 知识点2 “介词 + which”是定语从句考查的难点 知识点3 引导限制性定语从句。 考向破译 考向01考查which引导的非限制性定语从句 考向02 考查“介词 + which”引导的定语从句 考向03 考查which引导的限制性定语从句 考点三 关系代词that的用法 知识解构 知识点1 先行词是不定代词时的用法 知识点2 先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时 知识点3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 知识点4 先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时 知识点5 表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作 考向破译 考向01 考查只能用that的用法 考向02 考查可以用that的情况 考点四 关系代词who, whom, whose的用法 知识解构 知识点1 whom的用法 知识点2 whose的用法 知识点3 who的用法 考向破译 考向01 考查whose的用法 考向02 考查whom的用法 考向03 考查who的用法 考点五 关系副词when, where, why的用法 知识解构 知识点1 关系副词when的用法 知识点2 关系副词where的用法 知识点3 关系副词why的用法 考向破译 考向01 考查when的用法 考向02 考查where的用法 考向03 考查why的用法 考点六 关系代词as引导的定语从句 知识解构 知识点1 as引导限制性定语从句的用法 知识点2 as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 考向破译 考向01 考查as引导的限制性定语从句 考向02 考查as引导非限制性定语从句 考点七 定语从句中的主谓一致 知识解构 知识点1 在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词 知识点2 One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。 考向破译 考向 考查定语从句中的主谓一致 考点八 定语从句中和其他从句的区别 知识解构 知识点1 定语从句和同位语从句 知识点2 定语从句和名词性从句 知识点3 定语从句和强调句型 考向破译 考向 考查定语从句与其他从句的区别 考点九 定语从句思维建模 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 非限制性定语从句 关系代词 （2026·全国II卷）which （2025·全国一卷）which（2025浙江1月卷）which（2025·北京卷）which （2024新课标II卷）who （2024·北京卷）who 关系副词 （2025·全国二卷）where 限制性定语从句 关系代词 （2026·全国I卷） that/which （2026年1月浙江卷）that/which （2026·天津第一次高考）that （2024新课标II卷）which/that（2024全国甲卷）which（2024浙江1月卷）which/that 关系副词 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知，近年来，高考对定语从句主要考查以下几点： 1. 考查定语从句关系代词that, which的用法区别。 2. 考查定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, as的用法及区别。 3.考查定语从句关系副词when, where, why的用法区别。 4.考查定语从句主谓一致的用法。 5. 考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是关系代词which和whom的选择。 6.应用文写作和读后续写学会使用定语从句能够提高句子表达力，提升文章档次。 复习目标 1.熟练掌握关系代词的用法 2.分析并掌握关系副词的用法 3.重点掌握介词+关系代词的用法 4.掌握定语从句中的主谓一致及与其他从句的区别 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 定语从句的基本知识 知●识●解●构 知识点1 定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 知识点2 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。 知识点3 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 知识点4 类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，不用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不修饰句子。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please. 请支持这个计划的人举手。 Doctors found a cure for the animals that had gone savage, and Mr. Otterton went home to his family. 医生们为那些行为变得野蛮的动物找到了治疗方法，奥特顿先生也回到了家人身边。 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代词that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。 Zootopia was a modern city, where animals of every shape and size lived together peacefully.动物城是一座现代化都市，各种形态和体型的动物在这里和谐共处。 Zo 知识点5 关系词：关系词的三大作用 ①替代作用：在定语从句中替代先行词。 ②成分作用：在定语从句中充当句子成分。 ③连接作用：连接主句和定语从句。 关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 知识点6 分割型定语从句：指先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分（如谓语动词、介词短语等）隔开的结构。这种分隔是为了避免句子头重脚轻原则（将较长成分置于句尾）。 The days (are gone)when we had to rely on manual labor. He is the only person (in the company)who can solve this problem. 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查限制性定语从句 1．Last weekend my roommates and I talked about the happy days we had in college. 2．By understanding the history, types, and selection methods of down jackets, you can find the most suitable one for you will keep you warm and fashionable in the cold winter. 3．The lively displays of these lanterns create a magical atmosphere attracts tourists and locals alike. 4．The new library was built last year provides us with a quiet and comfortable place to study every day. 考向2 考查非限制性定语从句 1． the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 2．The writer, works are popular among teenagers, will be invited to give a lecture on his way to success this Friday. 3．By the end of August, the project conducted nearly 40 one-day wild mushroom collection tours, serving nearly 800 tourists, more than 95 percent of are from outside the province. 4.Besides scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth. 考点二 考查关系代词which的用法（高考最高频考点） 知●识●解●构 知识点1 引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 1．Besides vast rural farmlands lies advanced modern equipment for precision farming, works efficiently as long as we make full use of digital technology. 2．These intelligent devices enable scientific fertilization and irrigation, minimizing resource waste while maximizing crop yields in an eco-friendly manner, also helps protect the delicate ecological environment in rural areas. 3．Some old streets with unique regional features, have been renovated for jogging, attract more fitness lovers every day. 知识点2 “介词 + which”是定语从句考查的难点（注意：要用恰当的介词） 1．The volunteers, whom the community has always been grateful, helped rebuild the park after the flood. 2．The Central Axis dates back to the Yuan Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is an epitome (缩影) of traditional city design, in the central position is the emphasis, indicating the purpose of constructing social order and standardizing social life through the city layout. 3．There are many new teachers in our school now, of many once worked in the western provinces. 知识点3 引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 1．The reason the teacher explained at the meeting convinced all of us. 2．The factory has developed a new type of product has been popular since its launch. 3．The main street is lined with small stands and shops sell almost anything you can imagine. 1.只用which，不能用that的情况 （1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如： ☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 ☞This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如： ☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 （2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如： ☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 ☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 （3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。 2.空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语） 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查which引导的非限制性定语从句 1.（2026·河南省百师联盟模拟预测）As The Guardian noted, toy robot dogs are already part of daily life in China. On the streets of Shanghai, a woman was seen walking her robot dog, was helpfully carrying a basket for shopping on its back. 2.（2026·云南省高三第二次模拟） This inclusiveness has enabled taijiquan to attract hundreds of millions of practitioners across more than 180 countries and regions, is particularly valuable in today’s divided world. 3．She deeply missed the warmth of home and her family, eventually led her to make a life-changing decision in 2016. 4．Health education will be integrated into the national education system, will attract wide attention. 考向二 考查“介词 + which”引导的定语从句（包括限制性和非限制性定语从句） 1.（2026·四川省遂宁市二诊）It records more than 550 mountains, 300 seas, and countless strange creatures with unique features, many of   are half-human and half-animal, like the nine-tailed fox and the dragon-like beasts having magical powers. 2．Heritage sites not only often provide answers to questions, but also often pose questions to there are no definitive answers at the moment. 3．Acquiring knowledge is not only a means which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating how much you do not know. 3．To solve the problem and protect the ecosystem of the Yangtze River, China has introduced several innovative measures, one of is the river and lake chief system. 考向三 考查which引导的限制性定语从句 1．Recently, many Western musical artists have released their live albums — a format has seemingly lost its appeal. 2．Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests once brought them joy and well-being at home. 3．He couldn’t forget the reason the survivor mentioned for surviving the earthquake — staying calm. 4．Occasions I truly treasure are rare, which makes them all the more special. （用适当的词填空） 考点三 考查关系代词that的用法（高考最高频考点） 知●识●解●构 知识点1 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 1．There is nothing can strengthen the bond between cultures better than communication. 2．During the recent investigation, the archaeologists found something fascinating completely challenged their understanding of the ancient dynasty. 知识点2 先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 1．This is the very book can help you improve your writing skills quickly. 2．Is this the very article about environmental protection you think is worth reading and discussing? 知识点3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 1．Guilin is the most beautiful place people all over the world want to visit. 2．This is the first painting I have ever bought with my own money.   知识点4 先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 We talked about the people and the things we saw during the trip to the countryside. 1.关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。 2.意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查只能用that的用法 1．I will never forget the people and things appear in my high school life. 2．Their primary school teachers and their lessons they were fond of influenced their lives. 3．It was the only ancient town in Shanghai made the top 10 list for foreign tourists.(用适当的词填空) 4．When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing you need to consider is what you expect to improve. 考向二 考查可以用that的情况。 1．The afternoon we spent planting trees in the park was very meaningful. 2．He, along with two other engineers, developed the telegraph and the code use a set of dots and dashes or short and long pulses to represent each letter of the English alphabet. 3．Recently she co-directed a “campus Peking Opera” was attractive to students. 考点四 考查关系代词who, whom, whose的用法 知●识●解●构 知识点1 whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that，who替换。作宾语，可以省略。作介词宾语时，只能用whom。 1．The young man I work with is friendly. 2．The girl you talked with at the party is good at writing English compositions. 3．The boy with my mother is talking is my cousin. 4．No one enjoys working with the person we are often laughed at by. 5．I encountered an old friend from I had parted for many years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 知识点2 whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 1．To the citizens of Guangzhou, this tree is more than a plant; it is a beloved family member well-being connects the city’s past and future. 2．In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. 3．With the help of curriculum reform, students enjoy a variety of after-school activities, which up to half are aimed at strengthening their physical strength and building up their confidence. 4．It is reported that 45 Dawenkou culture tombs were newly discovered at the Wangzhuang site, 27 of have already been excavated. 知识点3 who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 1．Besides, those are feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. 2．The student you helped with homework yesterday won the scholarship. 3．We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查whose的用法 1．This is the scientist work has greatly promoted local medical development. 2．Those good deeds always set good examples for others are worth our respect. 3．The old temple walls are covered with green trees stands at the foot of the mountain. 4．The music teacher piano lessons were always filled with laughter would treat us to homemade cookies after we mastered a difficult piece. 5．The scientist made an important discovery, the importance of was not recognized immediately. 6．The church, which the ceiling was covered with colourful designs and pictures, was pulled down by the workers last week. 考向二 考查whom的用法 1．At night, there is no one in the street to you can turn for help. 2．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. 3．The gentleman, I had been calling “sir” during the whole interview, was wearing a skirt. 4．The man with you shook hands just now is our project manager. 考向三 考查who的用法 1．I cherish the precious time with my classmates accompany and encourage me all the way. 2．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. 3．However, those don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also dangerous. 考点五 考查关系副词when, where, why的用法 知●识●解●构 知识点1 when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。其先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year；还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 1．I still remember the festival we enjoyed various performances. 2．There are occasions silence is better than words. 3．We have entered an age many things are done by smart phones. 4．He is looking forward to next semester he will major in Classical Foreign Literature. 当 time 表示“次数”时，用 that 引导从句（可省略）；当 time 表示“时间”时，用 when 引导从句。 This is the first time that I’ve heard this song. I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village.。 知识点2 where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre；还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等。 1．The English play there were many kids at the New Year’s party was a great success. 2．We’ll all experience a point we choose kindness over anger, and that choice brings us closer together. 3．The journey marks a new milestone, demonstrating how China’s cultural works are crafted for the world. As the strings vibrate, they signal a future platform cultural dialogue is enriched. 知识点3 why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。 1．The reason we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures is many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly. 2．The professor patiently explained the real reason the ancient writing system had remained stable for thousands of years despite countless wars and migrations. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查关系副词when的用法 1．Qingming usually falls in early April, the weather starts to get warm and the trees turn green. 2．The best time to visit Disneyland is during the summer and holidays, Disneyland hours are the longest, meaning more hours to play, more things to do, and more rides to experience. 3．We finally reached the small town at midnight, the whole area was covered in quiet darkness. 4．We live in an age much information is available more easily than ever before. 5．In the summer, a season heat slows our thoughts and lengthens our days, many of us find freedom in bare feet and cool water. 6．Festivals are special occasions we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life. 考向二 考查关系副词where的用法 1．The road not taken precisely describes a circumstance a person, faced with critical choices, bravely took the one less travelled by. 2．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. 3．The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study intellectuals in ancient times could enjoy a peaceful moment alone. 4．In Chinese tradition exists what is known as the “medicinal and edible homology” system, ingredients commonly used in cooking help regulate our bodily function and provide timely body care. 5．Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. 考向三 考查关系副词why的用法 1．I don’t know the reason she got so angry this morning. 2．This could be the reason students who sit here often get lower grades on tests and exams. 3．Being committed to his dream, in my opinion, is the reason he can succeed in the end. 4．The little girl donated all her pocket money to the charity, for the volunteers expressed their sincere gratitude to her. 在非限制性定语从句中，不能用why，要用for which。当先行词是表示原因的抽象名词且在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，则需要用which等关系代词引导。 He didn't attend the meeting, which is the reason why we had to put off the discussion.（他没参加会议，这就是我们不得不推迟讨论的原因） 在实际使用中，why引导非限制性定语从句的情况并不常见，更多会用for which或者which来替代，比如上面的句子也可以改写为：He didn't attend the meeting, for which we had to put off the discussion. 或者 He didn't attend the meeting, which made us have to put off the discussion. 考点六 关系代词as引导的定语从句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 as引导限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 1：the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） 2：so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。) 知识点2 as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从；as从句位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……；从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 ☛As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知，鱼离开水无法生存。 ☛Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知，空气是气体。 ☛The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的，正如图中所示。 which和as引导非限制性定语从句用法区别： ①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后； ②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”； ③句式上：当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。 As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 He sold his new car, which made me surprised. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查as引导的限制性定语从句 1．Edward is such a good teacher every student respects. 2．The school organized so meaningful an activity left a deep impression on all the students. 3．To tell the truth, this is not so difficult an examination we had expected. 4．The little girl has the same optimistic personality her mother used to have when she was young. 考向二 考查as引导的非限制性定语从句 1． is often the case with beginners, he made several grammatical errors in his composition. 2． is known to all, reading widely contributes greatly to our writing ability in senior high school. 3． is generally accepted, a balanced diet is important for maintaining good health. 4．The number of students, you can see from the chart, is increasing year by year. 5．While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, is often the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears. 考点七 考查定语从句中的主谓一致问题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。 I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything. He who breaks the school rules should be punished. Those who break the school rules should be punished. Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished. 知识点2 One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well. He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well. 考●向●破●译 考向 考查定语从句中的主谓一致 1.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone. 2. This is one of the best novels that ___________ (publish) this year. 3. She is the only one of the girls in our class who ___________ (win) the prize so far. 考点八 定语从句中和其他从句的区别 知●识●解●构 知识点1 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句是缺成分的句子，先行词一定在句中作成分，对前边的先行词起修饰限制作用；同位语从句对前边的名词起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略，同位语从句是一个完整的句子和前面的名词之间是对等关系。 The news that our director will go to America is true.我们的主任即将赴美的消息是真的。 （that引导同位语从句，且that不作句子成分） The news that I have just heard is true.我们听到的这个消息是真的。（that引导定语从句，且that作从句的宾语） I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。（同位语从句，when表示疑问意思） I will never forget the days when I worked with them. 我永远不会忘记同他们一起工作的日子。（定语从句，when不表示疑问意思） 知识点2 定语从句和名词性从句的区别 定语从句和名词性从句易混点主要集中在介词之后所接从句的理解。 A new museum will be built in what used to be a wasteland. （宾语从句） A new museum will be built in the place that used to be a wasteland. （定语从句） A new museum will be built where it used to be a wasteland. （状语从句） 一座新博物馆将建在曾经是一片荒地的地方。 知识点3 定语从句和状语从句 定语从句和状语从句易混点主要在于so….as/that, such…as/that…句型区别。 This is such an interesting movie as I have never seen before. 这是一部我从未看过的如此有趣的电影。 The math problem was so difficult that no one could solve it. 这道数学题太难了，以至于没人能解出来。 知识点4 定语从句和强调句型 有时候用于It was+被强调部分+定语从句+that….，把定语从句和强调句型结合在一起。 It was the girl who won the first prize that received the scholarship. 正是那个获得一等奖的女孩拿到了奖学金。 It was at the school where my mother works that I met the famous writer. 正是在我母亲工作的那所学校里，我遇见了那位著名作家。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查定语从句与其他从句的区别 1.The fact      he had never received any formal training in music made his success even more remarkable. 2.I can not accept the fact ________he told me yesterday in the office. 3．By the time the girl finally left, Tom was still so annoyed _______ he had to take a 5-minute break before he could get back to his essay. 4．It is in the library where we often study I find my true enthusiasm for learning. 5．It was during the 2025 Spring Festival travel rush, which was expected to see a record 9 billion domestic journeys, the government rolled out various measures to ensure smooth transportation. 6．The circular economy, which reduces waste and reuses materials, represents the essence of environmentalists call a sustainable industrial model. 7．Judging from my own experience, I want to say a few words to those who have the same trouble I have. 8．You’d better let the children read such books will make them better and cleverer. 考点九 定语从句思维建模 定语从句考点的解题关键： 1．认识主句结构 主句结构完整，定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。 2．避免成分重复 在定语从句中，不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等；关系副词通常充当状语。因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。 3．确定句子成分 首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容；其次，根据定语从句中所缺少的成分，分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，然后选出正确的选项。 4．弄清逻辑线索 在突破有关“介词＋关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时，一方面，分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面，要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。 5．“分隔式”定语从句 先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时，应先把“分隔”成分分离出来，简化题干结构，再分析解答。 6．留心标点符号 有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义，对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。 7．注意三大从句的区别 定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 8．弄清位置和意义 在as或which引导的定语从句中，要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置；注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。 定语从句考点的解题注意事项： 1．确定是定语从句 空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2．掌握三步法解题技巧 (1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 (2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。 ①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ②先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 (3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。 ①缺少主语：that/which/who； ②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③缺少定语：whose； ④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 1．that与which的区别 (1)只用which不用that的情况： ①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时； ②引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)只用that不用which的情况： ①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时； ②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时。 2．which与as 关系词 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的 限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等 意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样” 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 考点01 考查限制性定语从句 1.（2026·全国I卷）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ______63______ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2026年1月浙江卷）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air——a scream 41 always ended in laughter. 3.（2026·天津第一次高考改编）4.The athletes showed the skills and determination ______ carry them through every game. 4.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 5.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 考点02 考查非限制性定语从句 1.（2026·全国II卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of 61 there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 2.（2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 3.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 4.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 5.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 56 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题17 定语从句 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 定语从句的基本知识 知识解构 知识点1 定语从句的定义 知识点2 先行词 知识点3 定语从句的位置 知识点4 定语从句的类别 知识点5关系词的三大作用 知识点6 分割型定语从句 考向破译 考向 1 考查限制性定语从句 考向02 考查非限制性定语从句 考点二 关系代词which的用法 知识解构 知识点1 引导非限制性定语从句 知识点2 “介词 + which”是定语从句考查的难点 知识点3 引导限制性定语从句。 考向破译 考向01考查which引导的非限制性定语从句 考向02 考查“介词 + which”引导的定语从句 考向03 考查which引导的限制性定语从句 考点三 关系代词that的用法 知识解构 知识点1 先行词是不定代词时的用法 知识点2 先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时 知识点3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 知识点4 先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时 知识点5 表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作 考向破译 考向01 考查只能用that的用法 考向02 考查可以用that的情况 考点四 关系代词who, whom, whose的用法 知识解构 知识点1 whom的用法 知识点2 whose的用法 知识点3 who的用法 考向破译 考向01 考查whose的用法 考向02 考查whom的用法 考向03 考查who的用法 考点五 关系副词when, where, why的用法 知识解构 知识点1 关系副词when的用法 知识点2 关系副词where的用法 知识点3 关系副词why的用法 考向破译 考向01 考查when的用法 考向02 考查where的用法 考向03 考查why的用法 考点六 关系代词as引导的定语从句 知识解构 知识点1 as引导限制性定语从句的用法 知识点2 as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 考向破译 考向01 考查as引导的限制性定语从句 考向02 考查as引导非限制性定语从句 考点七 定语从句中的主谓一致 知识解构 知识点1 在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词 知识点2 One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。 考向破译 考向 考查定语从句中的主谓一致 考点八 定语从句中和其他从句的区别 知识解构 知识点1 定语从句和同位语从句 知识点2 定语从句和名词性从句 知识点3 定语从句和强调句型 考向破译 考向 考查定语从句与其他从句的区别 考点九 定语从句思维建模 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 非限制性定语从句 关系代词 （2026·全国II卷）which （2025·全国一卷）which（2025浙江1月卷）which（2025·北京卷）which （2024新课标II卷）who （2024·北京卷）who 关系副词 （2025·全国二卷）where 限制性定语从句 关系代词 （2026·全国I卷） that/which （2026年1月浙江卷）that/which （2026·天津第一次高考）that （2024新课标II卷）which/that（2024全国甲卷）which（2024浙江1月卷）which/that 关系副词 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知，近年来，高考对定语从句主要考查以下几点： 1. 考查定语从句关系代词that, which的用法区别。 2. 考查定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, as的用法及区别。 3.考查定语从句关系副词when, where, why的用法区别。 4.考查定语从句主谓一致的用法。 5. 考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是关系代词which和whom的选择。 6.应用文写作和读后续写学会使用定语从句能够提高句子表达力，提升文章档次。 复习目标 1.熟练掌握关系代词的用法 2.分析并掌握关系副词的用法 3.重点掌握介词+关系代词的用法 4.掌握定语从句中的主谓一致及与其他从句的区别 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 定语从句的基本知识 知●识●解●构 知识点1 定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 知识点2 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。 知识点3 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 知识点4 类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，不用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不修饰句子。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please. 请支持这个计划的人举手。 Doctors found a cure for the animals that had gone savage, and Mr. Otterton went home to his family. 医生们为那些行为变得野蛮的动物找到了治疗方法，奥特顿先生也回到了家人身边。 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代词that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。 Zootopia was a modern city, where animals of every shape and size lived together peacefully.动物城是一座现代化都市，各种形态和体型的动物在这里和谐共处。 Zo 知识点5 关系词：关系词的三大作用 ①替代作用：在定语从句中替代先行词。 ②成分作用：在定语从句中充当句子成分。 ③连接作用：连接主句和定语从句。 关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 知识点6 分割型定语从句：指先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分（如谓语动词、介词短语等）隔开的结构。这种分隔是为了避免句子头重脚轻原则（将较长成分置于句尾）。 The days (are gone)when we had to rely on manual labor. He is the only person (in the company)who can solve this problem. 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查限制性定语从句 1．Last weekend my roommates and I talked about the happy days we had in college. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上周末我和室友聊起了我们在大学里度过的快乐时光。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为the happy days，定语从句中缺少had的宾语，关系代词that或which均可引导该从句。故填that/which。 2．By understanding the history, types, and selection methods of down jackets, you can find the most suitable one for you will keep you warm and fashionable in the cold winter. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：通过了解羽绒服的历史、类型和选择方法，你可以找到最适合你的那一件，让你在寒冷的冬天既保暖又时尚。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词one，先行词被最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 3．The lively displays of these lanterns create a magical atmosphere attracts tourists and locals alike. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：这些灯笼的生动展示营造出一种神奇的氛围，吸引了游客和当地人。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词a magical atmosphere，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which引导。 4．The new library was built last year provides us with a quiet and comfortable place to study every day. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去年建成的新图书馆为我们每天提供了一个安静舒适的学习场所。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是library，指物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 考向2 考查非限制性定语从句 1． the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 【答案】As 【解析】句意：正如中国哲学家老子所写，千里之行，始于足下。此处为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词，结合句意，此处表示“正如、正像”，指代后面整句话内容，使用关系代词as，位于句首，首字母需大写。 2．The writer, works are popular among teenagers, will be invited to give a lecture on his way to success this Friday. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：这位作家的作品深受青少年喜爱，他将于本周五受邀来此举办一场关于其成功之路的讲座。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The writer，指人，且在从句中作定语，The writer和works“作品”之间是所属关系，因此用关系代词whose引导该从句。 3．By the end of August, the project conducted nearly 40 one-day wild mushroom collection tours, serving nearly 800 tourists, more than 95 percent of are from outside the province. 【答案】whom 【解析】句意：截至8月底，该项目已开展了近40次野生蘑菇采集一日游，服务了近800名游客，其中超过95%来自外省。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词nearly 800 tourists指人，空处作介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。 4.Besides scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了科学任务，宇航员还在空间站上进行了两次现场科学讲座，期间他们进行了各种实验，并回答了在地球上观看课堂的学生的问题。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词lectures，从句中作介词during的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 考点二 考查关系代词which的用法（高考最高频考点） 知●识●解●构 知识点1 引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 1．Besides vast rural farmlands lies advanced modern equipment for precision farming, works efficiently as long as we make full use of digital technology. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：广袤农田旁矗立着精准农业的先进现代化设备，只要充分运用数字技术，这些设备就能高效运转。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词advanced modern equipment，在从句作主语，指物，故用which。 2．These intelligent devices enable scientific fertilization and irrigation, minimizing resource waste while maximizing crop yields in an eco-friendly manner, also helps protect the delicate ecological environment in rural areas. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：这些智能设备能够实现科学施肥和灌溉，在以环保的方式最大限度地提高作物产量的同时，最大限度地减少资源浪费，这也有助于保护农村脆弱的生态环境。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。 3．Some old streets with unique regional features, have been renovated for jogging, attract more fitness lovers every day. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：一些具有独特地域特色、现已翻新为慢跑道的老街，每天都吸引着更多的健身爱好者。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Some old streets，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。 知识点2 “介词 + which”是定语从句考查的难点（注意：要用恰当的介词） 1．The volunteers, whom the community has always been grateful, helped rebuild the park after the flood. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：社区一直感激的这些志愿者，在洪水后帮助重建了公园。固定搭配“be grateful to sb.”，意为“感激某人”，此处需用介词to，与关系代词whom构成“介词 + 关系代词” 结构引导定语从句。故填to。 2．The Central Axis dates back to the Yuan Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is an epitome (缩影) of traditional city design, in the central position is the emphasis, indicating the purpose of constructing social order and standardizing social life through the city layout. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中轴线可以追溯到元朝，而在明清时期，它的长度得到了延伸。它是传统城市设计的缩影，在这种设计中，中心位置是重点，表明通过城市布局来构建社会秩序和规范社会生活的目的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为traditional city design，指物，定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语，故应用which，此处in which引导定语从句，故填which。 3．There are many new teachers in our school now, of many once worked in the western provinces. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意： 现在我们学校有很多新老师, 他们中很多人曾在西部省份工作过。先行词为 new teachers，将先行词代入定语从句后为 Many of the new teachers once worked in the western provinces。由此可见关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语且指“人”，关系代词为whom 。故填whom。 知识点3 引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 1．The reason the teacher explained at the meeting convinced all of us. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：老师在会上解释的那个理由说服了我们所有人。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，表事物，从句中explained缺少宾语，可用关系代词that/which引导此定语从句。 2．The factory has developed a new type of product has been popular since its launch. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：这家工厂研发出一种新产品，这款产品一经推出就备受欢迎。空处引导定语从句，先行词为表事物的product，定语从句缺少主语，关系代词用that/which。 3．The main street is lined with small stands and shops sell almost anything you can imagine. 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：主街上排列着小摊位和商店，它们出售几乎任何你能想象到的东西。此处为定语从句，先行词small stands and shops指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，引导词用which/that。 1.只用which，不能用that的情况 （1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如： ☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 ☞This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如： ☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 （2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如： ☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 ☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 （3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。 2.空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语） 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查which引导的非限制性定语从句 1.（2026·河南省百师联盟模拟预测）As The Guardian noted, toy robot dogs are already part of daily life in China. On the streets of Shanghai, a woman was seen walking her robot dog, was helpfully carrying a basket for shopping on its back. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在上海街头，有人看到一位女士遛机器狗，机器狗背上还贴心地驮着购物篮。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词robot dog，指物，关系代词用which。 2.（2026·云南省高三第二次模拟） This inclusiveness has enabled taijiquan to attract hundreds of millions of practitioners across more than 180 countries and regions, is particularly valuable in today’s divided world. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种包容性使得太极拳能够吸引全球 180 多个国家和地区的数亿练习者，这在当今这个分裂的世界中尤为重要。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which引导。 3．She deeply missed the warmth of home and her family, eventually led her to make a life-changing decision in 2016. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：她深深思念家和家人的温暖，这最终促使她在2016年做出了改变人生的决定。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为前面整句话的内容，在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which。 4．Health education will be integrated into the national education system, will attract wide attention. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：健康教育将被纳入国民教育体系，这将会引起广泛关注。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。 考向二 考查“介词 + which”引导的定语从句（包括限制性和非限制性定语从句） 1.（2026·四川省遂宁市二诊）It records more than 550 mountains, 300 seas, and countless strange creatures with unique features, many of   are half-human and half-animal, like the nine-tailed fox and the dragon-like beasts having magical powers. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它记录了超过550座山峰、300大片海洋，以及无数具有独特特征的奇异生物，其中许多生物是半人半兽的，比如九尾狐狸和拥有魔力的龙形生物。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词creatures，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。 2．Heritage sites not only often provide answers to questions, but also often pose questions to there are no definitive answers at the moment. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：遗产遗址不仅经常提供问题的答案，而且经常提出目前没有明确答案的问题。此处为介词+which引导的定语从句修饰先行词questions，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。 3．Acquiring knowledge is not only a means which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating how much you do not know. 【答案】by 【解析】句意：获取知识不仅是你通过它更好地理解世界的一种方式，也是一种意识到自己有多少未知的方式。分析句子结构，a means ________ which you can better understand the world为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means；by means of为固定搭配，意为“通过……方式”，此处将介词by提前至关系代词which之前，构成by which结构，在从句中作方式状语。 3．To solve the problem and protect the ecosystem of the Yangtze River, China has introduced several innovative measures, one of is the river and lake chief system. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：为了解决这一问题并保护长江生态系统，中国推出了几项创新措施，其中之一是河湖长制。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词measures，此处是‌“one of + 关系代词”引导定语从句，介词of后指代事物用关系代词which。 考向三 考查which引导的限制性定语从句 1．Recently, many Western musical artists have released their live albums — a format has seemingly lost its appeal. 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：近来，许多西方音乐艺人纷纷发行了他们的现场专辑——但这种形式似乎已失去了其原有的吸引力。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a format，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。 2．Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests once brought them joy and well-being at home. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：让老年人留在他们原来的社区附近，有助于保持他们的日常生活和兴趣，而这些日常生活和兴趣曾经给他们在家中带来快乐和幸福。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为routines and interests，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导该从句。 3．He couldn’t forget the reason the survivor mentioned for surviving the earthquake — staying calm. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他无法忘记幸存者提及的地震逃生原因——保持冷静。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason（指物），在定语从句作动词mentioned的宾语成分，所以为关系代词which/ that引导。故填which/ that。 4．Occasions I truly treasure are rare, which makes them all the more special. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那些我真正珍视的时刻十分罕见，这也让它们愈发特别。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少treasure的宾语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词为Occasions，表物，因此使用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 考点三 考查关系代词that的用法（高考最高频考点） 知●识●解●构 知识点1 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 1．There is nothing can strengthen the bond between cultures better than communication. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：没有什么比交流更能增进文化之间的联系。空处引导限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词为不定代词nothing，定语从句中关系代词只能用that。 2．During the recent investigation, the archaeologists found something fascinating completely challenged their understanding of the ancient dynasty. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在最近的调查中，考古学家发现了一些令人着迷的东西，这完全颠覆了他们对这个古代王朝的认知。 设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词something，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导从句。 故填that。 知识点2 先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 1．This is the very book can help you improve your writing skills quickly. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：这正是能帮助你快速提升写作能力的书。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词book在从句中作主语，当先行词被the very修饰时，定语从句只能用关系代词that引导，不能用which。 2．Is this the very article about environmental protection you think is worth reading and discussing? 【答案】that 【解析】句意：这就是那篇你认为值得一读和讨论的关于环境保护的文章吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词article，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被the very修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 知识点3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 1．Guilin is the most beautiful place people all over the world want to visit. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：桂林是世界上最美丽的旅游胜地，世界各地的游客都渴望前来游览。此空引导定语从句修饰先行词place，在从句作宾语，指物，且先行词由最高级修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。 2．This is the first painting I have ever bought with my own money.   【答案】that 【解析】句意：这是我第一次用自己挣的钱购买的画作。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是painting，前面有序数词the first修饰，且关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导从句。 知识点4 先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 We talked about the people and the things we saw during the trip to the countryside. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：我们谈到了在乡下旅行期间所见到的人和事物。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the people and the things，既有人又有物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导从句。 1.关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。 2.意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查只能用that的用法 1．I will never forget the people and things appear in my high school life. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记高中生活中出现的人和事。空处引导定语从句，先行词the people and things既有人又有物，只能用that。 2．Their primary school teachers and their lessons they were fond of influenced their lives. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：他们喜欢的小学老师和课程影响了他们的生活。先行词是teachers and their lessons，既有人也有事物，在定语从句中作fond of的宾语，只能用关系代词that。 3．It was the only ancient town in Shanghai made the top 10 list for foreign tourists.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】句意：它是上海唯一入选外国游客热门打卡前十榜单的古镇。空处引导限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词ancient town被the only修饰，只能用关系代词that作引导词。 4．When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing you need to consider is what you expect to improve. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你制定日常锻炼计划时，你需要考虑的第一件事是你期望提升的方面。此处引导定语从句，先行词是thing，被序数词the first修饰，且关系代词在定语从句中作consider的宾语，此时定语从句的关系代词只能用that。故填that。 考向二 考查可以用that的情况。 1．The afternoon we spent planting trees in the park was very meaningful. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们在公园植树度过的那个下午非常有意义。先行词是 The afternoon，在定语从句we spent planting trees in the park中，spent是及物动词，此从句缺少宾语，所以应用关系代词which或that，故填which/that。 2．He, along with two other engineers, developed the telegraph and the code use a set of dots and dashes or short and long pulses to represent each letter of the English alphabet. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他和另外两名工程师一起发明了电报和电码，该电码使用一组点、划或短、长脉冲来表示英文字母表中的每个字母。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the code，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 3．Recently she co-directed a “campus Peking Opera” was attractive to students. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近她参与执导了一部“校园京剧”作品，这部作品深受学生们的喜爱。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是campus Peking Opera，关系词在从句作主语，指物，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 考点四 考查关系代词who, whom, whose的用法 知●识●解●构 知识点1 whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that，who替换。作宾语，可以省略。作介词宾语时，只能用whom。 1．The young man I work with is friendly. 【答案】who/whom/that 【解析】句意：和我一起工作的那个年轻人很友好。“______ I work with”为限制性定语从句，先行词是The young man，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词who/whom/that引导。 2．The girl you talked with at the party is good at writing English compositions. 【答案】who/whom/that 【解析】句意：你在派对上和她聊的那个女孩擅长写英文作文。“____ you talked with at the party”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The girl，指人，关系词指代先行词，在从句中作介词with的宾语，此定语从句可用关系代词who/whom/that引导。 3．The boy with my mother is talking is my cousin. 【答案】whom 【解析】句意：正在和我妈妈说话的那个男孩是我的表弟。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词boy指人，作介词with的宾语，只能用关系代词whom。 4．No one enjoys working with the person we are often laughed at by. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：没有人喜欢和那个经常嘲笑我们的人一起工作。空处引导定语从句，先行词是person，指人，关系词在从句中作介词by的宾语，可用关系代词who或whom引导从句。故填who/whom。 5．I encountered an old friend from I had parted for many years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我遇到了一位与我分开多年的老朋友。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词from的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 知识点2 whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 1．To the citizens of Guangzhou, this tree is more than a plant; it is a beloved family member well-being connects the city’s past and future. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：对于广州的市民来说，这棵树不仅仅是一株植物；它是深受喜爱的家庭一员，它的健康连接着这座城市的过去与未来。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a beloved family member，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰well-being，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。 2．In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：鄂南初冬，多国一带一路媒体代表来到赤壁，这座古城的遗产既有三国战场记忆，也有源远流长的茶文化。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient city，在从句中作定语修饰名词heritage，表示“这座城市的”，用关系代词whose。 3．With the help of curriculum reform, students enjoy a variety of after-school activities, which up to half are aimed at strengthening their physical strength and building up their confidence. 【答案】of 【解析】考查“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：在课程改革的帮助下，学生们享受各种各样的课外活动，其中多达一半的活动旨在增强他们的体力和建立他们的信心。分析句子可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，从句核心搭配是up to half of + 名词，意为“多达一半的……”，介词of表示所属关系。先行词是after-school activities，指物，在从句中作介词of的宾语，且定语从句中需要搭配介词时，介词可提前至关系代词which 前，构成of which的结构，指代“这些活动中的”。故填of。 4．It is reported that 45 Dawenkou culture tombs were newly discovered at the Wangzhuang site, 27 of have already been excavated. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，王庄遗址新发现45座大汶口文化墓葬，其中27座已完成发掘。先行词为45 Dawenkou culture tombs，指物，且先行词后接“数词+of+关系词”的结构引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 知识点3 who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 1．Besides, those are feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：此外，那些情绪低落的人可以去跑步让自己振作起来。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词those是人，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句，故填who。 2．The student you helped with homework yesterday won the scholarship. 【答案】whom/who/that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：昨天你帮他做作业的那个学生获得了奖学金。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是the student，指人，且关系词在从句中作宾语（help的宾语），当先行词指人且在从句中作宾语时，关系词可用whom、who或that。故填whom/who/that。 3．We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. 【答案】who/that 【解析】句意：我们不知道在这场灾难中失去家园的人数。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查whose的用法 1．This is the scientist work has greatly promoted local medical development. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：这就是那位其工作极大地推动了当地医学发展的科学家。空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语修饰名词work，意义为“那个人的，那一个的，其”，所以用关系代词whose引导从句。 2．Those good deeds always set good examples for others are worth our respect. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：那些其善举总能为他人树立良好榜样的人值得我们尊敬。。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Those“那些人”。从句中“good deeds”与先行词构成所属关系，表示“那些人的善行”，因此需要用关系代词“whose”表示“……的”，在从句中作定语。 3．The old temple walls are covered with green trees stands at the foot of the mountain. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：绿树覆盖着墙壁的古庙坐落在山脚下。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词temple，指物，且在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词walls，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 4．The music teacher piano lessons were always filled with laughter would treat us to homemade cookies after we mastered a difficult piece. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位音乐老师的钢琴课总是充满欢声笑语，每当我们学会一首有难度的曲子后，她就会用自制的饼干招待我们。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The music teacher，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰piano lessons，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 5．The scientist made an important discovery, the importance of was not recognized immediately. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位科学家有了一个重要的发现，其重要性没有立即被认可。“the importance of ______ was not recognized immediately”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an important discovery，指事，关系词将其代入从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 6．The church, which the ceiling was covered with colourful designs and pictures, was pulled down by the workers last week. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：那座教堂的天花板上布满了色彩斑斓的图案和图画，上周被工人们拆除了。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是The church，指物，把先行词还原到从句中为the ceiling of the church，表示“教堂的天花板”，关系代词which指代先行词The church，故空处应用介词of，of which the ceiling=the ceiling of which=whose ceiling。故填of。 考向二 考查whom的用法 1．At night, there is no one in the street to you can turn for help. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：到了晚上，街上没有人可以求助。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为no one，turn to sb. for help“向某人求助”是固定短语，拆解定语从句为：you can turn to no one for help，介词to后面应用who的宾格whom引导从句，指人。故填whom。 2．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. 【答案】whom/who/that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我和去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的几位同学成了好朋友。此处是定语从句，先行词是the students，指人，在从句中做宾语，用关系代词whom/who/that。故填whom/who/that。 3．The gentleman, I had been calling “sir” during the whole interview, was wearing a skirt. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位男士穿着一条裙子，在整个采访中我一直称他为“先生”。根据句子分析可知，主句是The gentleman was wearing a skirt，中间逗号隔开的是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the gentleman，指人，从句中缺call的直接宾语，故用who/whom代替先行词，在从句中充当宾语。故填who或whom。 4．The man with you shook hands just now is our project manager. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：刚才和你握手的那个人是我们的项目经理。此处为介词+关系代词的定语从句，先行词为The man，且关系词在介词with后面作宾语，故用关系代词whom。故填whom。 考向三 考查who的用法 1．I cherish the precious time with my classmates accompany and encourage me all the way. 【答案】who/that 【解析】句意：我珍惜与同窗相伴的珍贵时光，他们一路陪伴并鼓励我。空处引导限制性定语从句用，先行词classmates指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that引导。 2．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. 【答案】who/that 【解析】句意：数字化使文化遗产更加易于公众接触，特别是对居住在农村地区的人们而言，他们原本无法亲自前往这些场所。空处引导定语从句，先行词是rural areas，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 3．However, those don’t screen incoming ideas will end up believing things not only false, but also dangerous. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：然而，那些不甄别外来观点的人，最终会相信既虚假又危险的事物。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词those此处指代人，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词who引导。 考点五 考查关系副词when, where, why的用法 知●识●解●构 知识点1 when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。其先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year；还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 1．I still remember the festival we enjoyed various performances. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我依旧记得那个我们欣赏各类演出的节日。 此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the festival表时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when作时间状语。 2．There are occasions silence is better than words. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：有些时候沉默胜于言语。 空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词occasions“时机”在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 3．We have entered an age many things are done by smart phones. 【答案】when/in which 【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我们已经进入了一个很多事情都由智能手机完成的时代。先行词age表示“时代”，在定语从句中作时间状语，结合固定搭配in the age，故用in which，相当于关系副词 when引导。故填when/in which。 4．He is looking forward to next semester he will major in Classical Foreign Literature. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他期待着下学期主修古典外国文学。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词next semester，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 当 time 表示“次数”时，用 that 引导从句（可省略）；当 time 表示“时间”时，用 when 引导从句。 This is the first time that I’ve heard this song. I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village.。 知识点2 where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre；还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等。 1．The English play there were many kids at the New Year’s party was a great success. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：新年派对上那场有很多孩子的英语剧非常成功。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为the English play，定语从句中缺少地点状语，使用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．We’ll all experience a point we choose kindness over anger, and that choice brings us closer together. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：我们都会经历这样一个时刻——我们选择以善意代替愤怒，而这个选择让我们彼此更加亲近。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词point，此处表示抽象的“节点”，关系词在从句中作地点状语（即at the point），因此使用关系副词where引导该从句。 3．The journey marks a new milestone, demonstrating how China’s cultural works are crafted for the world. As the strings vibrate, they signal a future platform cultural dialogue is enriched. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：这段旅程标志着一个新的里程碑，展示了中国文化作品如何为世界打造。当琴弦颤动时，它们预示着一个未来平台，在这个平台上文化交流得以丰富。此处考查定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点意义的 platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where引导定语从句。 知识点3 why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。 1．The reason we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures is many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly. 【答案】 why that 【解析】句意：我们组织每月垃圾分类讲座的原因是许多学生仍然不知道如何正确分类垃圾。“______ we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures”为定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。“______ many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly”为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 2．The professor patiently explained the real reason the ancient writing system had remained stable for thousands of years despite countless wars and migrations. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：教授耐心地解释了尽管经历了无数次的战争和迁徙，这种古老的文字体系仍能保持稳定数千年的真正原因。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the real reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以应用关系副词why来引导。故填why。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查关系副词when的用法 1．Qingming usually falls in early April, the weather starts to get warm and the trees turn green. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：清明节通常在四月初，此时天气开始变暖，树木变绿。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表时间的名词early April，且在从句中作时间状语。关系副词when可指代时间并在从句中作时间状语。 2．The best time to visit Disneyland is during the summer and holidays, Disneyland hours are the longest, meaning more hours to play, more things to do, and more rides to experience. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：游览迪士尼乐园的最佳时间是在夏季和假期，那时迪士尼乐园的开放时间最长，这意味着有更多的时间可以玩，有更多的事情可以做，有更多的游乐设施可以体验。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词the summer and holidays用when。故填when 3．We finally reached the small town at midnight, the whole area was covered in quiet darkness. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们终于在午夜到达了那个小镇，这时整个地区都笼罩在寂静的黑暗中。空处引导非限制性定语从句，结合从句内容可知，这是对先行词midnight作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。 4．We live in an age much information is available more easily than ever before. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我们生活在一个能比以往任何时候都更容易获取海量信息的时代。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词age，且在从句作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导该从句。 5．In the summer, a season heat slows our thoughts and lengthens our days, many of us find freedom in bare feet and cool water. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：夏天，在这个炎热会放缓我们思绪、延长白昼的季节里，许多人都能在赤足与凉水中找到自在。 ________heat slows our thoughts and lengthens our days是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词a season。先行词是时间名词，该定语从句主谓宾结构完整，关系词在从句中作时间状语，关系副词when符合要求。 6．Festivals are special occasions we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：节日是特殊的时刻，在这些时刻我们学会领会生活的真正意义。先行词为occasions（时刻），在定语从句we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 考向二 考查关系副词where的用法 1．The road not taken precisely describes a circumstance a person, faced with critical choices, bravely took the one less travelled by. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：《未选择的路》精准描绘出这样一种情景：一个人面临重大抉择时，毅然选择了那条少有人走的路。此处考查定语从句，先行词是circumstance，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 2．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：许多家庭并未陷入贫困，而是陷入一种微妙处境，日常琐事缠身，情感交流日渐淡化。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词situation在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 3．The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study intellectuals in ancient times could enjoy a peaceful moment alone. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：“文房”一词指古代文人可以独自享受宁静时光的阅览室或书房。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词a study在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 4．In Chinese tradition exists what is known as the “medicinal and edible homology” system, ingredients commonly used in cooking help regulate our bodily function and provide timely body care. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：在中国传统中存在所谓“药食同源”体系，在该体系中日常烹饪所用食材有助于调节身体机能并及时养护身体。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词为抽象地点名词system，所以使用关系副词where。 5．Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：如今，“葡萄牙再野化”项目让游客通过种植本土树木来修复退化的农田，使游客成为修复地球的积极参与者。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是project，从句主干结构完整，表达“在这个项目中”，表抽象地点，用关系副词where引导从句。 考向三 考查关系副词why的用法 1．I don’t know the reason she got so angry this morning. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。故填why。 2．This could be the reason students who sit here often get lower grades on tests and exams. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这可能就是为什么坐在这里的学生在测试和考试中成绩较低的原因。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，从句中缺少原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 3．Being committed to his dream, in my opinion, is the reason he can succeed in the end. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，坚持自己的梦想是他最终能够成功的原因。_____he can succeed in the end是定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，该从句主谓宾结构完整，所填关系词在从句中作原因状语，要用关系副词why。故填why。 4．The little girl donated all her pocket money to the charity, for the volunteers expressed their sincere gratitude to her. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：小女孩把所有零花钱都捐给了慈善机构，志愿者们为此向她表达了诚挚的感谢。“for ________ the volunteers expressed their sincere gratitude to her”为非限制性定语从句，此空作介词for宾语，指代先行词，即主句中“donated all her pocket money to the charity”，用关系代词which，构成“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。 在非限制性定语从句中，不能用why，要用for which。当先行词是表示原因的抽象名词且在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，则需要用which等关系代词引导。 He didn't attend the meeting, which is the reason why we had to put off the discussion.（他没参加会议，这就是我们不得不推迟讨论的原因） 在实际使用中，why引导非限制性定语从句的情况并不常见，更多会用for which或者which来替代，比如上面的句子也可以改写为：He didn't attend the meeting, for which we had to put off the discussion. 或者 He didn't attend the meeting, which made us have to put off the discussion. 考点六 关系代词as引导的定语从句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 as引导限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。 They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 1：the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） 2：so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。) 知识点2 as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从；as从句位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……；从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 ☛As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知，鱼离开水无法生存。 ☛Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知，空气是气体。 ☛The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的，正如图中所示。 which和as引导非限制性定语从句用法区别： ①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后； ②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”； ③句式上：当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。 As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 He sold his new car, which made me surprised. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查as引导的限制性定语从句 1．Edward is such a good teacher every student respects. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：爱德华是一位如此好的老师，以至于每个学生都尊敬他。此处考查“such+a/an+形容词+名词+as...”结构，as在此处引导定语从句，指代先行词a good teacher，并在从句中作宾语。故填as。 2．The school organized so meaningful an activity left a deep impression on all the students. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这所学校组织了一场意义非凡的活动，给所有学生都留下了深刻的印象。空处引导限制性定语从句， 先行词activity被so meaningful修饰，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。 3．To tell the truth, this is not so difficult an examination we had expected. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：说实话，这次考试并不像我们预想的那么难。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少expected的宾语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词前有so，所以此处使用关系代词as引导定语从句。故填as。 4．The little girl has the same optimistic personality her mother used to have when she was young. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个小女孩有着和她母亲年轻时曾经拥有的一样的乐观性格。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词optimistic personality指物，在从句中作have宾语，且先行词前有the same修饰，此定语从句用关系代词as引导。故填as。 考向二 考查as引导的非限制性定语从句 1． is often the case with beginners, he made several grammatical errors in his composition. 【答案】As 【解析】句意：正如初学者常有的情况一样，他在作文中犯了几处语法错误。分析句子结构，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句的内容，表示“正如……的情况”，且位于句首，应用关系代词As，句首单词首字母需大写；as is often the case为固定搭配，意为“情况常常如此”。 2． is known to all, reading widely contributes greatly to our writing ability in senior high school. 【答案】As 【解析】句意：众所周知，广泛阅读对我们高中的写作能力有很大帮助。As is known to all意为“众所周知”，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话内容，位于句首首字母大写。 3． is generally accepted, a balanced diet is important for maintaining good health. 【答案】As 【解析】句意：人们普遍认为，均衡的饮食对保持良好的健康至关重要。空处引导的非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句内容，在定语从句中作主语，表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。 4．The number of students, you can see from the chart, is increasing year by year. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如你在图表中看到的，学生人数正在逐年增加。“_____ you can see from the chart”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，表示“正如”，用关系代词as引导该从句。故填as。 5．While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, is often the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears. 【答案】as 【解析】考查as引导非限制性定语从句。 句意：虽然更多的笔记是有益的，但如果像通常用笔记本电脑记笔记那样盲目地记笔记，这种益处就消失了。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，是对前文“the notes are taken mindlessly”这一情况的补充说明，关系词在从句中作主语，表示“正如，像”，用关系代词as引导，“as is often the case”是固定表达，意为“情况常常如此”。故填as。 考点七 考查定语从句中的主谓一致问题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。 I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything. He who breaks the school rules should be punished. Those who break the school rules should be punished. Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished. 知识点2 One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well. He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well. 考●向●破●译 考向 考查定语从句中的主谓一致 1.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone. 【答案】suits 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：如果你考虑情况的各个方面，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。分析可知，设空处为从句谓语，根据语境，为一般事实，应用一般现在时，从句的主语that指代先行词 a solution，从句谓语要用单数，故填suits。 2. This is one of the best novels that ___________ (publish) this year. 【答案】have been published 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。先行词novels为复数，“one of +复数名词 + that...”结构中，从句谓语用复数形式且是被动语态， have been published。 3. She is the only one of the girls in our class who ___________ (win) the prize so far. 【答案】has won 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。“the only one of...”结构中，先行词为单数the only one，从句谓语用单数现在完成时has won。 考点八 定语从句中和其他从句的区别 知●识●解●构 知识点1 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句是缺成分的句子，先行词一定在句中作成分，对前边的先行词起修饰限制作用；同位语从句对前边的名词起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略，同位语从句是一个完整的句子和前面的名词之间是对等关系。 The news that our director will go to America is true.我们的主任即将赴美的消息是真的。 （that引导同位语从句，且that不作句子成分） The news that I have just heard is true.我们听到的这个消息是真的。（that引导定语从句，且that作从句的宾语） I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。（同位语从句，when表示疑问意思） I will never forget the days when I worked with them. 我永远不会忘记同他们一起工作的日子。（定语从句，when不表示疑问意思） 知识点2 定语从句和名词性从句的区别 定语从句和名词性从句易混点主要集中在介词之后所接从句的理解。 A new museum will be built in what used to be a wasteland. （宾语从句） A new museum will be built in the place that used to be a wasteland. （定语从句） A new museum will be built where it used to be a wasteland. （状语从句） 一座新博物馆将建在曾经是一片荒地的地方。 知识点3 定语从句和状语从句 定语从句和状语从句易混点主要在于so….as/that, such…as/that…句型区别。 This is such an interesting movie as I have never seen before. 这是一部我从未看过的如此有趣的电影。 The math problem was so difficult that no one could solve it. 这道数学题太难了，以至于没人能解出来。 知识点4 定语从句和强调句型 有时候用于It was+被强调部分+定语从句+that….，把定语从句和强调句型结合在一起。 It was the girl who won the first prize that received the scholarship. 正是那个获得一等奖的女孩拿到了奖学金。 It was at the school where my mother works that I met the famous writer. 正是在我母亲工作的那所学校里，我遇见了那位著名作家。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查定语从句与其他从句的区别 1.The fact      he had never received any formal training in music made his success even more remarkable. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：事实上，他从未接受过任何系统的音乐训练，这使得他的成就更加令人瞩目。同位语从句内容和成分完整，说明前面的名词fact的内容。故填that。 2.I can not accept the fact ________he told me yesterday in the office. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我无法接受他昨天在办公室告诉我的这个事实。此处是定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作told的宾语，故填that/which. 3．By the time the girl finally left, Tom was still so annoyed _______ he had to take a 5-minute break before he could get back to his essay. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：等到那个女孩终于离开时，汤姆仍然十分恼火，不得不休息五分钟才能继续写作文。so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句是固定结构，所填形容词作表语描述主语Tom的状态，故填that。 4．It is in the library where we often study I find my true enthusiasm for learning. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：正是在我们经常学习的图书馆里，我才找到了自己真正的学习热情。本句是强调句型“It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他”。被强调部分是地点状语in the library where we often study，不是指人，故用that。 5．It was during the 2025 Spring Festival travel rush, which was expected to see a record 9 billion domestic journeys, the government rolled out various measures to ensure smooth transportation. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：2025年春运期间，国内出行人次预计将达到创纪录的 90 亿，正是在这一时期，政府出台多项举措保障交通顺畅。此处为强调句：It was+被强调部分+who/that...，被强调部分为during the 2025 Spring Festival travel rush，故填that。 6．The circular economy, which reduces waste and reuses materials, represents the essence of environmentalists call a sustainable industrial model. 【答案】what 【解析】句意：循环经济减少废弃物、实现材料再利用，体现了环保人士所称的可持续产业模式的精髓。空处引导宾语从句，从句中动词call缺宾语，指物，需用关系代词what引导。 7．Judging from my own experience, I want to say a few words to those who have the same trouble I have. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：根据我自己的经验，我想对那些和我有同样困难的人说几句话。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the same trouble，先行词有the same修饰时，如果是指同一个事物，关系词用that，如果是指同一类事物，用as。此处指同一类困难，故填as。 8．You’d better let the children read such books will make them better and cleverer. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你最好让孩子们读那些能使他们更好、更聪明的书。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为books，在从句中作主语，因为先行词前有such修饰，所以关系代词用as，故填as。 考点九 定语从句思维建模 定语从句考点的解题关键： 1．认识主句结构 主句结构完整，定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。 2．避免成分重复 在定语从句中，不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等；关系副词通常充当状语。因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。 3．确定句子成分 首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容；其次，根据定语从句中所缺少的成分，分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，然后选出正确的选项。 4．弄清逻辑线索 在突破有关“介词＋关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时，一方面，分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面，要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。 5．“分隔式”定语从句 先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时，应先把“分隔”成分分离出来，简化题干结构，再分析解答。 6．留心标点符号 有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义，对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。 7．注意三大从句的区别 定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 8．弄清位置和意义 在as或which引导的定语从句中，要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置；注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。 定语从句考点的解题注意事项： 1．确定是定语从句 空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2．掌握三步法解题技巧 (1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 (2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。 ①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ②先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 (3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。 ①缺少主语：that/which/who； ②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③缺少定语：whose； ④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 1．that与which的区别 (1)只用which不用that的情况： ①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时； ②引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)只用that不用which的情况： ①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时； ②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时。 2．which与as 关系词 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的 限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等 意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样” 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 考点01 考查限制性定语从句 1.（2026·全国I卷）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ______63______ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：被街头小吃的香味所吸引，他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 2.（2026年1月浙江卷）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air——a scream 41 always ended in laughter. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 3.（2026·天津第一次高考改编）4.The athletes showed the skills and determination ______ carry them through every game. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查关系代词。句意：运动员们展现了在每场比赛中都能发挥出色表现所需的精湛技艺与坚定决心。此处先行词the skills and determination，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。 4.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】 which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 5.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【答案】 that/which。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 考点02 考查非限制性定语从句 1.（2026·全国II卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of 61 there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 2.（2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】 where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园曾是美国面积最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩；直到阿拉斯加南部的兰格尔-圣埃利亚斯国家公园于1978年成为国家纪念地后，其面积扩大至1230万英亩，并于1980年正式升格为国家公园。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 5.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 56 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 5.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 【答案】as。 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：然而，正如雷切尔•卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 2.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 2. as 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 3.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 3. whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 4.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 4. that/who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 5.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 5. who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 考点03 考查定语从句关系副词when, where, why的用法 2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 2. where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 考点04 考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”的用法 1.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 1.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clothing，并在从句中作package和offer的宾语，故填which。 9.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 9. which/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 10.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 10. that 解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 （2024北京卷） When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【答案】gives 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 5.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 1.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】whose。 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 3.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 （2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 6.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 【答案】which或that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 7.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。 8.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 9.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。 10.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 56 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】 who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 11. Tinniswood, 57 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 12.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 13.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 14.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】that/who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 15.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】 who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 16.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 17.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 【答案】 whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。 18.（2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 19.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_________ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。 20.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】 where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 21.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。 22.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 2.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone. 【答案】suits 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：如果你考虑情况的各个方面，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。分析可知，设空处为从句谓语，根据语境，为一般事实，应用一般现在时，从句的主语that指代先行词 a solution，从句谓语要用单数，故填suits。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $