第13讲Unit 2 Morals and Virtues分类词汇积累+一词多义(operate）+素养积累阅读+综合强化练习-2027届高三英语一轮复习人教版必修第三册

高三一轮复习 第13讲 【课程目标】 1.词汇积累13； 2.一词多义之operate； 3.素养积累阅读：瓷器，让世界感受精湛的技艺 【课程步骤】 词汇积累13 一、写作词汇——写词形 1. ______ vt. (举例) 说明；阐明；给 (书或文章) 加插图 2. ______ adj. 珍贵的；宝贵的 3. ______ vt. 委托；交付 4. ______ n. 大部分；大多数 5. ______ vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 6. ______ vt. 聘任；雇用；租用 n. 租借；租用 7. ______ vt. 发表 (作品)；出版 8. ______ vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出 9. ______ vt. 接替；取代；更换 10. ______ vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语 (声)；低语 (声)；传言；谣传 11. ______ vt. 帮助；援助 12. ______ n. 记忆力；回忆 13. ______ n. 眼泪；泪水 14. ______ n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望 15. ______ n. (网球等的) 球场；法院；法庭 16. ______ n. 收入；收益 17. ______ adv. 因此；所以 二、阅读词汇——明词义 1. moral adj. ____________ n. ____________ 2. virtue n. ____________ 3. dilemma n. ____________ 4. faint vi. ____________ adj. ____________ 5. marriage n. ____________ 6. tuition n. ____________ 7. fee n. ____________ 8. union n. ____________ 9. scholarship n. ____________ 10. physician n. ____________ 11. colleague n. ____________ 12. clinic n. ____________ 13. faraway adj. ____________ 14. decade n. ____________ 15. elsewhere adv. ____________ 16. staff n. ____________ 17. kindergarten n. ____________ 18. principle n. ____________ 19. passive adj. ____________ 20. insurance n. ____________ 21. accident n. ____________ 22. midnight n. ____________ 23. import n. ____________ vt. ____________ 24. export n. ____________ vt. ____________ 25. pole n. ____________ 26. bite vt. & vi. ____________ n. ____________ 27. lip n. ____________ 28. chairman n. ____________ 29. chain n. ____________ 30. café n. ____________ 31. waitress n. ____________ 32. pregnant adj. ____________ 33. disguise vt. ____________ n. ____________ 34. maple n. ____________ 35. cart n. ____________ 36. spill vt. & vi. ____________ 37. limp vi. ____________ 38. might n. ____________ 39. fable n. ____________ 40. flexible adj. ____________ 41. tension n. ____________ 三、拓展词汇——灵活用 1. ________ vt. (举例) 说明；阐明；给 (书或文章) 加插图→________ n. 图表，插图；图解；图示 2. ________ n. 结婚；婚姻→________ v. 结婚；娶；嫁→________ adj. 已婚的 3. ________ n. 大部分；大多数→________ adj. 主要的；多数的 vi. 主修 4. ________ vt. 回答；回复vi. 做出反应；回应→________ n.反应；回答；回复 5. ________ n. 医师；(尤指) 内科医生→________ n. 物理学家→________ adj. 身体的；物理的→________ n. 物理学 6. ________ vt. 拒绝接受；不录用→________ n. 拒绝接受；否决 7. ________ vt. 任命；委派→________ n. 任命；委派 8. ________ vt. 选举；推选→________ n. 选举；推选；当选→________ n. 有选举权的人；选民 9. ________ vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于→________ n. 趋势；倾向 10. ________ vt. 发表 (作品)；出版→________ n. 出版人 (或机构) 11. ________ vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出→________ n. 退休→________ adj. 退休的 12. ________ vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi. 受惊吓→________ adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌或恐惧的→________ adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 13. ________ adj. (增长、下跌等) 急剧的；锋利的；明显的→________ v. 使变锋利 14. ________ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的→________ n. 精力；力量；能源 15. ________ vt. 接替；取代；更换→________ n. 替换；更换；替代品 16. ________ vi. 运转；运作 vt. 操作→________ n. 操作员；接线员→________ n. 手术；企业；经营 17. ________ vt. 帮助；援助→________ n. 助手；助理→________ n. 帮助；援助 18. ________ n. & vt. 伤害；损害→________ adj. 有害的→________ adj. 无害的 四、常用短语 1. ____________ 帮助某人渡过难关 2. ____________ 去世 3. ____________ 作为对……的纪念 4. ____________ 撞到…… 5. ____________ (跌倒后) 站起来 6. ____________ 被……绊倒 7. ____________ 流着泪；含着泪 8. ____________ 处于绝望中 9. ____________ 大量 10. ____________ 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 11. ____________ 急救 一词多义积累 operate 1. The machine is not operating at maximum efficiency. 2. They plan to operate from a new office in Edinburgh. 3. We will have to operate on his eyes. 4. Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. 5. What skills are needed to operate this machinery? 【课堂练习】 一、单句填空 1. It seemed strange that he ______(reject) the practical suggestion put forward by us. 2. Just quit ______(complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation. 3. Just as importantly, we tend ______(associate) fresh air with health care. 4. The product was developed in ______(respond) to customer demand. 5. The dictionary is out of date. Many words have been added to the language since it ______(publish). 6. Personally, I think store shopping in the future will exist along with online shopping but will never be ______(replace). 7. Figure out what you’re ______(scare) of and do it continuously. 8. The purpose of the HUNCH program is not to ______(sharp) students’ communication skills. 9. Despite his cries, no one came to his ______(assist). 二、完成句子 1. 他想：“再没有比这些更好的了。”（否定词 + 比较级） “________________________,” he thought. 2. 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。(would rather) Nowadays more and more people ________________________. 3. 年轻人永远不应该放弃上大学的机会。(pass) Young people should never ________________________ to go to university. 三、教材语法填空 Lin Qiaozhi 1 (know) as the “mother of ten thousand babies” because she had delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. When she was 18 years old, she chose 2 (study) medicine instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls. 3 graduating from Peking Union Medical College, she immediately became the first woman to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. A few years 4 (late), she was sent to study in Europe and then in the US. Her American colleagues wanted her to stay in the US, 5 she refused because she wanted to work for her motherland. Then during the war, she 6 (open) her own clinic to help the patients. After the foundation of the new People’s Republic of China, she held many important 7 (position), but she was more interested 8 tending patients. Dr Lin didn’t retire 9 the day she died, 22 April 1983, 10 (leave) all her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. 四、话题写作 结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 1. 尊敬和照顾老人是中华民族的传统美德。(virtue) 2. 在过去，大部分人往往帮助昏厥的或者摔倒的老人。(majority; tend; assist; faint) 3. 现在，当一位老人被绊倒时，一些人陷入了道德困境，不知道是否去帮助他。(trip over; moral dilemmas) 4. 他们害怕被诬陷，让自己陷入麻烦。因此，他们拒绝对老人进行帮助和急救。(scared; frame; therefore; refuse; first aid) 5. 我们应该坚持道德原则，帮助老人渡过难关。(moral; principles; carry through) 素养积累阅读 Porcelain Chinese porcelain is a treasure of the world’s ceramic art, known for its beautiful craftsmanship and deep cultural meaning. People in China started making real porcelain over two thousand years ago, during the Eastern Han period. At first, porcelain was made for everyday needs like bowls, plates, pots, and jars. Porcelain is waterproof and durable, making it great for storing liquids like wine and vinegar. As porcelain-making techniques improved and people wanted prettier things, porcelain became finer and more artistic. Besides being used for everyday things, porcelain also started to be used for decoration and in ceremonies. It showed off a person’s taste and social status. At parties and important social events, beautiful porcelain was a key way to show wealth and culture. Porcelain-making reached a peak during the Song Dynasty. Back then, porcelain was hard, shiny, and came in many types like green, white, and black porcelain. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the making of blue and white porcelain was very advanced, and porcelain craftsmanship reached new heights. The designs on porcelain often have deep meanings. For example, lotus flowers represent cleanliness and elegance, and dragons stand for power and majesty. The shape and decoration of the porcelain also reflected the beauty standards and social trends of the time. For example, Song Dynasty porcelain emphasized simplicity and nature, while Ming and Qing porcelain focused more on rich colours and elaborate decorations. Chinese porcelain was not only important inside China but was also a popular item traded on the maritime Silk Road, showing off China’s excellent craftsmanship and helping to exchange cultures between East and West. Today, ancient Chinese porcelain is often seen as a national treasure and is displayed in museums around the world, attracting many visitors. Each piece of porcelain carries the wisdom and hard work of ancient Chinese artisans and is an important window into Chinese history and culture. Read the text, and answer the following questions. 1. When did Chinese people begin to make real porcelain? 2. What is the main difference in style between Song Dynasty porcelain and Ming and Qing porcelain? 3. What role did Chinese porcelain play on the maritime Silk Road? 【强化提升练习】 一、阅读理解 A One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50-75%. The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted. Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet. The Department of Health has recognized that a collective approach, rather than just individual behavior change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us. Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school. It’s an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life program—working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools. One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and, at silver or gold level, requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding. Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it’s a figure we’ll see grow. 1. What does the underlined word “addressing” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tackling. B. Ignoring. C. Maintaining. D. Postponing. 2. Which approach will work for students to build balanced diet? A. Stopping them eating alone in schools. B. Getting them aware of the harm of fatness. C. Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus. D. Increasing the availability and flavor of food. 3. What can we say about the Food for Life program? A. It’s a heavy load on schools. B. It’s complicated to operate. C. It’s a temporary project. D. It’s a fruitful attempt. 4. Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote? A. Sugary snacks. B. First-class sausages. C. High-quality imported beef. D. Freshly picked organic beans. B Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 5. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 6. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 7. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 8. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 二、七选五阅读 Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It’s a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go dark”. 1 It’s true that turning off lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. 2 On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of climate change and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature. But on another level, a large number of people’s acting together sends a powerful message to governments and companies. 3 They begin considering green issues when making big decisions. The logo(标识) of Earth Hour is “60+”. The number 60 is for the 60 minutes of Earth Hour. 4 In fact, people who join in Earth Hour say that taking part makes them want to do more for the environment. 5 Musicians give concerts by playing acoustic(原声的) instruments instead of electric ones, and using candles instead of electric lights. Celebrity chefs have created special recipes for families to prepare and eat by candlelight. Tree-planting sessions, group walks and runs are also among the options. A. But this is only the beginning. B. Earth Hour represents every hour of every day. C. After all, everyone has to answer for what they have done. D. Besides turning off the lights, people get involved in other events. E. It pushes them to take urgent measures by making changes to policies. F. That is, they switch off all unnecessary lights at the same time for one hour. G. The plus invites people to continue their action even after Earth Hour is finished. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三一轮复习 第13讲 【课程目标】 1.词汇积累13； 2.一词多义之operate； 3.素养积累阅读：瓷器，让世界感受精湛的技艺 【课程步骤】 词汇积累13 一、写作词汇——写词形 1. ______ vt. (举例) 说明；阐明；给 (书或文章) 加插图 2. ______ adj. 珍贵的；宝贵的 3. ______ vt. 委托；交付 4. ______ n. 大部分；大多数 5. ______ vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 6. ______ vt. 聘任；雇用；租用 n. 租借；租用 7. ______ vt. 发表 (作品)；出版 8. ______ vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出 9. ______ vt. 接替；取代；更换 10. ______ vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语 (声)；低语 (声)；传言；谣传 11. ______ vt. 帮助；援助 12. ______ n. 记忆力；回忆 13. ______ n. 眼泪；泪水 14. ______ n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望 15. ______ n. (网球等的) 球场；法院；法庭 16. ______ n. 收入；收益 17. ______ adv. 因此；所以 [答案] 1. illustrate 2. precious 3. entrust 4. majority 5. complain 6. hire 7. publish 8. retire 9. replace 10. whisper 11. assist 12. memory 13. tear 14. despair 15. court 16. income 17. therefore 二、阅读词汇——明词义 1. moral adj. ____________ n. ____________ 2. virtue n. ____________ 3. dilemma n. ____________ 4. faint vi. ____________ adj. ____________ 5. marriage n. ____________ 6. tuition n. ____________ 7. fee n. ____________ 8. union n. ____________ 9. scholarship n. ____________ 10. physician n. ____________ 11. colleague n. ____________ 12. clinic n. ____________ 13. faraway adj. ____________ 14. decade n. ____________ 15. elsewhere adv. ____________ 16. staff n. ____________ 17. kindergarten n. ____________ 18. principle n. ____________ 19. passive adj. ____________ 20. insurance n. ____________ 21. accident n. ____________ 22. midnight n. ____________ 23. import n. ____________ vt. ____________ 24. export n. ____________ vt. ____________ 25. pole n. ____________ 26. bite vt. & vi. ____________ n. ____________ 27. lip n. ____________ 28. chairman n. ____________ 29. chain n. ____________ 30. café n. ____________ 31. waitress n. ____________ 32. pregnant adj. ____________ 33. disguise vt. ____________ n. ____________ 34. maple n. ____________ 35. cart n. ____________ 36. spill vt. & vi. ____________ 37. limp vi. ____________ 38. might n. ____________ 39. fable n. ____________ 40. flexible adj. ____________ 41. tension n. ____________ [答案] 1. 道德的；道义上的 品行；道德；寓意 2. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 3. 进退两难的境地；困境 4. 昏倒；晕厥 不清楚的；微弱的 5. 结婚；婚姻 6.（小组）教学；讲课 7. 专业服务费；报酬 8. 协会；联合会；工会 9. 奖学金 10. 医师；（尤指）内科医生 11. 同事；同僚 12. 诊所；门诊部 13. 遥远的 14. 十年；十年期 15. 在别处；去别处 16. 员工；全体职员 17. 学前班；幼儿园 18. 道德原则；法则；原则 19. 被动的；顺从的 20. 保险；保险业 21. 事故；车祸；失事 22. 子夜；午夜 23. 进口；进口商品/进口；输入；引进 24. 出口；出口商品/出口；输出；传播 25.（行星的）极；地极 26. 咬；叮；蜇 咬；（咬下的）一口；咬伤 27. 嘴唇 28. 主席；主持人；董事长 29. 一连串（人或事）；链子；链条 30. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 31.（餐馆的）女服务员；女侍者 32. 怀孕的；妊娠的 33. 装扮；假扮；掩盖/伪装；化装用具 34. 枫树；槭树 35. 手推车；运货马车 36.（使）洒出；（使）溢出 37. 跛行；一瘸一拐地走 38. 力量；威力 39. 寓言；寓言故事 40. 灵活的；可变通的 41. 紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 三、拓展词汇——灵活用 1. ________ vt. (举例) 说明；阐明；给 (书或文章)加插图→________ n. 图表，插图；图解；图示 2. ________ n. 结婚；婚姻→________ v. 结婚；娶；嫁→________ adj. 已婚的 3. ________ n. 大部分；大多数→________ adj. 主要的；多数的 vi. 主修 4. ________ vt. 回答；回复vi. 做出反应；回应→________ n.反应；回答；回复 5. ________ n. 医师；(尤指) 内科医生→________ n. 物理学家→________ adj. 身体的；物理的→________ n. 物理学 6. ________ vt. 拒绝接受；不录用→________ n. 拒绝接受；否决 7. ________ vt. 任命；委派→________ n. 任命；委派 8. ________ vt. 选举；推选→________ n. 选举；推选；当选→________ n. 有选举权的人；选民 9. ________ vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于→________ n. 趋势；倾向 10. ________ vt. 发表 (作品)；出版→________ n. 出版人 (或机构) 11. ________ vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出→________ n. 退休→________ adj. 退休的 12. ________ vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi. 受惊吓→________ adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌或恐惧的→________ adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 13. ________ adj. (增长、下跌等) 急剧的；锋利的；明显的→________ v. 使变锋利 14. ________ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的→________ n. 精力；力量；能源 15. ________ vt. 接替；取代；更换→________ n. 替换；更换；替代品 16. ________ vi. 运转；运作 vt. 操作→________ n. 操作员；接线员→________ n. 手术；企业；经营 17. ________ vt. 帮助；援助→________ n. 助手；助理→________ n. 帮助；援助 18. ________ n. & vt. 伤害；损害→________ adj. 有害的→________ adj. 无害的 [答案] 1. illustrate; illustration 2. marriage; marry; married 3. majority; major 4. respond; response 5. physician; physicist; physical; physics 6. reject; rejection 7. appoint; appointment 8. elect; election; elector 9. tend; tendency 10. publish; publisher 11. retire; retirement; retired 12. scare; scared; scary 13. sharp; sharpen 14. energetic; energy 15. replace; replacement 16. operate; operator; operation 17. assist; assistant; assistance 18. harm; harmful; harmless 四、常用短语 1. ____________ 帮助某人渡过难关 2. ____________ 去世 3. ____________ 作为对……的纪念 4. ____________ 撞到…… 5. ____________ (跌倒后) 站起来 6. ____________ 被……绊倒 7. ____________ 流着泪；含着泪 8. ____________ 处于绝望中 9. ____________ 大量 10. ____________ 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 11. ____________ 急救 [答案] 1. carry sb. through sth. 2. pass away 3. in memory of 4. crash into 5. pick oneself up 6. trip over 7. in tears 8. in despair 9. a great deal (of) 10. tend to do sth. 11. first aid 一词多义积累 operate 1. The machine is not operating at maximum efficiency. 2. They plan to operate from a new office in Edinburgh. 3. We will have to operate on his eyes. 4. Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. 5. What skills are needed to operate this machinery? [答案] 1. 运行；运转 2.（以某方式或从某地方）经营，营业 3. 动手术 4. 起作用，奏效 5. 操作；控制 【课堂练习】 一、单句填空 1. It seemed strange that he ______(reject) the practical suggestion put forward by us. 2. Just quit ______(complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation. 3. Just as importantly, we tend ______(associate) fresh air with health care. 4. The product was developed in ______(respond) to customer demand. 5. The dictionary is out of date. Many words have been added to the language since it ______(publish). 6. Personally, I think store shopping in the future will exist along with online shopping but will never be ______(replace). 7. Figure out what you’re ______(scare) of and do it continuously. 8. The purpose of the HUNCH program is not to ______(sharp) students’ communication skills. 9. Despite his cries, no one came to his ______(assist). [答案] 1. should have rejected 2. complaining 3. to associate 4. response 5. was published 6. replaced 7. scared 8. sharpen 9. assistance 二、完成句子 1. 他想：“再没有比这些更好的了。”（否定词 + 比较级） “________________________,” he thought. 2. 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。(would rather) Nowadays more and more people ________________________. 3. 年轻人永远不应该放弃上大学的机会。(pass) Young people should never ________________________ to go to university. [答案] 1. Nothing could be better 2. would rather not live in big cities 3. pass up the opportunity 三、教材语法填空 Lin Qiaozhi 1 (know) as the “mother of ten thousand babies” because she had delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. When she was 18 years old, she chose 2 (study) medicine instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls. 3 graduating from Peking Union Medical College, she immediately became the first woman to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. A few years 4 (late), she was sent to study in Europe and then in the US. Her American colleagues wanted her to stay in the US, 5 she refused because she wanted to work for her motherland. Then during the war, she 6 (open) her own clinic to help the patients. After the foundation of the new People’s Republic of China, she held many important 7 (position), but she was more interested 8 tending patients. Dr Lin didn’t retire 9 the day she died, 22 April 1983, 10 (leave) all her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. [答案] 1. is known 2. to study 3. After 4. later 5. but 6. opened 7. positions 8. in 9. until 10. leaving 四、话题写作 结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 1. 尊敬和照顾老人是中华民族的传统美德。(virtue) 2. 在过去，大部分人往往帮助昏厥的或者摔倒的老人。(majority; tend; assist; faint) 3. 现在，当一位老人被绊倒时，一些人陷入了道德困境，不知道是否去帮助他。(trip over; moral dilemmas) 4. 他们害怕被诬陷，让自己陷入麻烦。因此，他们拒绝对老人进行帮助和急救。(scared; frame; therefore; refuse; first aid) 5. 我们应该坚持道德原则，帮助老人渡过难关。(moral; principles; carry through) [答案] As we all know, respecting and taking care of the old is a traditional Chinese virtue. In the past, the majority tended to assist the old who fainted or fell down. But at present when an old man trips over, some people get into moral dilemmas, not knowing whether to help him. They are scared to be framed, making themselves get into trouble. Therefore, they refuse to help and give first aid to the old. In my opinion, we should stick to moral principles, carrying the old through difficulties. 素养积累阅读 Porcelain Chinese porcelain is a treasure of the world’s ceramic art, known for its beautiful craftsmanship and deep cultural meaning. People in China started making real porcelain over two thousand years ago, during the Eastern Han period. At first, porcelain was made for everyday needs like bowls, plates, pots, and jars. Porcelain is waterproof and durable, making it great for storing liquids like wine and vinegar. As porcelain-making techniques improved and people wanted prettier things, porcelain became finer and more artistic. Besides being used for everyday things, porcelain also started to be used for decoration and in ceremonies. It showed off a person’s taste and social status. At parties and important social events, beautiful porcelain was a key way to show wealth and culture. Porcelain-making reached a peak during the Song Dynasty. Back then, porcelain was hard, shiny, and came in many types like green, white, and black porcelain. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the making of blue and white porcelain was very advanced, and porcelain craftsmanship reached new heights. The designs on porcelain often have deep meanings. For example, lotus flowers represent cleanliness and elegance, and dragons stand for power and majesty. The shape and decoration of the porcelain also reflected the beauty standards and social trends of the time. For example, Song Dynasty porcelain emphasized simplicity and nature, while Ming and Qing porcelain focused more on rich colours and elaborate decorations. Chinese porcelain was not only important inside China but was also a popular item traded on the maritime Silk Road, showing off China’s excellent craftsmanship and helping to exchange cultures between East and West. Today, ancient Chinese porcelain is often seen as a national treasure and is displayed in museums around the world, attracting many visitors. Each piece of porcelain carries the wisdom and hard work of ancient Chinese artisans and is an important window into Chinese history and culture. Read the text, and answer the following questions. 1. When did Chinese people begin to make real porcelain? They started making real porcelain over two thousand years ago during the Eastern Han period. 2. What is the main difference in style between Song Dynasty porcelain and Ming and Qing porcelain? Song Dynasty porcelain emphasized simplicity and nature, while Ming and Qing porcelain focused more on rich colours and elaborate decorations. 3. What role did Chinese porcelain play on the maritime Silk Road? It was a popular traded item. It showed off China’s excellent craftsmanship and helped exchange cultures between the East and the West. 【强化提升练习】 一、阅读理解 A One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50-75%. The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted. Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet. The Department of Health has recognized that a collective approach, rather than just individual behavior change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us. Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school. It’s an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life program—working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools. One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and, at silver or gold level, requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding. Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it’s a figure we’ll see grow. 1. What does the underlined word “addressing” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tackling. B. Ignoring. C. Maintaining. D. Postponing. 2. Which approach will work for students to build balanced diet? A. Stopping them eating alone in schools. B. Getting them aware of the harm of fatness. C. Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus. D. Increasing the availability and flavor of food. 3. What can we say about the Food for Life program? A. It’s a heavy load on schools. B. It’s complicated to operate. C. It’s a temporary project. D. It’s a fruitful attempt. 4. Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote? A. Sugary snacks. B. First-class sausages. C. High-quality imported beef. D. Freshly picked organic beans. [答案] 1—4 ACDD B Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 5. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 6. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 7. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 8. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape [答案] 5—8 DCAC 二、七选五阅读 Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It’s a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go dark”. 1 It’s true that turning off lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. 2 On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of climate change and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature. But on another level, a large number of people’s acting together sends a powerful message to governments and companies. 3 They begin considering green issues when making big decisions. The logo(标识) of Earth Hour is “60+”. The number 60 is for the 60 minutes of Earth Hour. 4 In fact, people who join in Earth Hour say that taking part makes them want to do more for the environment. 5 Musicians give concerts by playing acoustic(原声的) instruments instead of electric ones, and using candles instead of electric lights. Celebrity chefs have created special recipes for families to prepare and eat by candlelight. Tree-planting sessions, group walks and runs are also among the options. A. But this is only the beginning. B. Earth Hour represents every hour of every day. C. After all, everyone has to answer for what they have done. D. Besides turning off the lights, people get involved in other events. E. It pushes them to take urgent measures by making changes to policies. F. That is, they switch off all unnecessary lights at the same time for one hour. G. The plus invites people to continue their action even after Earth Hour is finished. [答案] 1—5 FAEGD 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $