Unit 2 Great ideas-【暑假单元测试卷】2026-2027学年沪教版九年级英语上册（深圳卷）

**基本信息** 沪教版七年级英语上册Unit 2 Great ideas单元卷，以“伟大创意”为主题，融合文化传承（蔡伦造纸、指南针）与科技史（冰箱、温度计）素材，全面考查语言能力与思维品质，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10题/10分|词汇辨析、上下文理解|以蔡伦造纸为情境，考查形容词（better）、副词（much）等基础词汇，渗透创新思维| |阅读理解|15题/30分|细节查找、推理判断|涵盖水银温度计停用（社会热点）、冰箱发明史（科技史），培养信息筛选与跨文化理解能力| |语法填空|10题/10分|时态（changed）、语态（was invented）、词性转换（smoothly）|围绕指南针发明，考查语法应用，强化文化传承意识| |书面表达|1题/15分|叙事与说明写作|要求介绍伟大创意，综合语言输出能力，提升问题解决与创新思维|

【暑假单元测试卷】2026-2027学年沪教版七年级英语上册（深圳卷） Unit 2 Great ideas (时间：70分钟　满分：75分) 一、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） During the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper was very expensive and hard to make. The only writing materials available were bamboo slips and silk, which were either too heavy or too costly. Cai Lun, an official in the imperial court, believed he could find a 1 solution. He spent years experimenting with different materials. Instead of using only silk fibers, he tried plant fibers from mulberry bark, hemp, rags, and even fishing nets. After many 2 , he finally developed a new pulping method. He mashed these materials into a pulp, spread it thinly on a bamboo mat, and let it 3 in the sun. The result was a lightweight, thin, and durable sheet of paper. Cai Lun presented his new paper to Emperor He in 105 AD．The emperor was so 4 that he ordered the method to be spread across the country. This new paper was 5 cheaper to produce than silk, making writing accessible to more people, not just the rich. The invention of paper 6 the way for the spread of knowledge. Books could be copied faster and distributed farther. Without Cai Lun’s innovative idea, many great works of Chinese literature might have been 7 . His invention didn’t just solve a practical problem; it changed the course of human civilization. Today, we 8 Cai Lun as a pioneer whose creativity made the world more connected. His story reminds us that sometimes, the simplest ideas—like turning trash into treasure—can be the most 9 . We should always be willing to experiment and think 10 the box. 1．A．better B．worse C．easier D．faster 2．A．successes B．failures C．attempts D．experiments 3．A．dry B．freeze C．melt D．burn 4．A．disappointed B．impressed C．worried D．confused 5．A．much B．more C．most D．many 6．A．paved B．blocked C．lost D．found 7．A．written B．lost C．read D．saved 8．A．forget B．remember C．misunderstand D．ignore 9．A．complicated B．expensive C．powerful D．useless 10．A．inside B．outside C．through D．across 二、阅读(40分) 第一节 阅读理解 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) A Starting from January 1, 2026, China will fully stop the production of mercury thermometers (水银温度计) and mercury blood pressure monitors (水银血压计). This rule, first announced by the National Medical Products, Administration in 2020, is now widely talked about as 2025 comes to an end. Faced with this news, many people in different places are rushing to buy them. For decades, mercury thermometers have been popular in homes thanks to their low price and high accuracy (准确性). But safety worries are pushing them out of history. A mercury thermometer has a small amount of mercury inside a thin glass tube. Mercury expands when heated and contracts (收缩) when cooled. Before use, you need to shake it hard to push the mercury back down below 35℃. When you put it under your arm or in your mouth, your body heat makes the mercury rise in the tube to show your temperature. However, this simple tool has great safety risks. Mercury is a highly toxic (有毒的) metal. If the thermometer breaks—from shaking too hard, dropping it, or hitting a hard surface—silver mercury drops will come out. These drops quickly turn into toxic gas. Breathing in too much of this gas can cause mercury poisoning (中毒), such as dizziness, headaches, and tiredness, according to China CDC． What’s more, using mercury thermometers takes about 10 minutes. They are not as convenient as other kinds of thermometers. Safe choices & Tips Digital (数字的) thermometers: accurate (准确的), and easy to use. Infrared (红外线的) thermometers: Non-contact(forehead) or contact (ear) options, perfect for families. If a mercury thermometer breaks: √Do not touch the mercury drops with your hands. √Open windows to let fresh air in. √Use a piece of paper to collect the drops and put them in a closed bag. √Ask adults to throw the bag away properly (do not put it in regular trash). 11．When will China completely stop producing mercury thermometers? A．In 2020. B．At the start of 2025. C．At the start of 2026. D．At the end of 2026. 12．Why do people need to shake it before using the mercury thermometer? A．To heat the tube. B．To check the glass. C．To see mercury clearly. D．To push mercury back down. 13．What symptom (症状) is Not mentioned for mercury poisoning? A．Dizziness. B．Stomachache. C．Headaches. D．Tiredness. 14．Which picture shows the Wrong way to deal with mercury drops? A．B．C． D． 15．Which statement does the author disagree with? A．Mercury thermometers have great safety risks. B．Infrared thermometers are perfect for families. C．Digital thermometers are accurate and easy to use. D．Mercury thermometers are as convenient as other kinds of thermometers. B A long time ago, people used different ways to store food. They kept food in cold water, underground rooms, or iceboxes. Iceboxes were wooden boxes with blocks of ice inside. However, ice melted quickly, and food still got bad easily. People needed a better way to keep food cold. In the early 1800s, scientists discovered that some chemicals could take in heat and make the air cooler. This idea led to the first fridge machines. In 1834, an American inventor named Jacob Perkins built a machine that used gas to cool things. It was the first step toward the modern fridge. Later, in 1876, a German engineer named Carl von Linde created a better fridge system using a special gas. His invention made it easier to produce cold air. However, these early fridges were too big and expensive. In the 1920s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes. They used a chemical called Freon, which wasn’t bad for people. By the 1930s, many families could afford fridges, and they became popular. Over time, fridges improved. They became more energy-efficient. Today fridges come in many sizes and styles, helping people store food safely. Thanks to the hard work of scientists and inventors, we now have a convenient way to keep our food fresh. 16．What did people use to store food before modern fridges? ①cold water         ②special chemicals     ③underground rooms         ④iceboxes A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④ 17．Who built the first machine that used gas to cool things in 1834? A．Carl von Linde B．Whitcomb Judson C．Jacob Perkins D．Karl Benz 18．What chemical made fridges safer for homes in the 1920s? A．Ice B．Freon C．Water D．Oxygen 19．Why weren’t early fridges popular with most families at first? A．People liked iceboxes better. B．They didn’t work well. C．They used too much electricity. D．They were too big and expensive 20．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Invention of Fridges B．How Ice boxes Changed the World C．Scientists and Their Discoveries D．The History of Storing Food C Do you yawn (打哈欠)? There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning. We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too. Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that? In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down. Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch (拉伸) the muscles (肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your ear drums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things. In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air. Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do. 21．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Yawning is contagious. B．People yawn when they are excited or nervous. C．Yawning helps a warm brain. D．People yawn because of their boredom or tiredness. 22．Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race? A．They are too tired or too bored. B．A yawn can let good things in. C．A yawn can help a warm brain cool down. D．A yawn can stretch the muscles in their faces. 23．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．Reasons for yawning. B．Advantages of yawning. C．Disadvantages of yawning. D．Different ideas about yawning. 24．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．People use different ways to yawn. B．Scientists will do further research on yawning. C．It’s hard to notice things quickly while yawning. D．Some people think yawning is good for health. 25．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 第二节 信息还原 (共 5小题，每小题1分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The refrigerator is a common appliance in every home today, but its invention was a game-changer for food preservation. Before refrigerators, people used iceboxes, which were insulated containers filled with large blocks of ice. These were inefficient and required frequent delivery of ice, which was expensive. The journey to the modern refrigerator began in the 18th century with the discovery of refrigeration principles. 26 He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it. However, Evans’ idea was never built. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that practical refrigeration machines were developed. 27 He developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant. His machine was first used to cool beer in breweries, but it paved the way for domestic refrigerators. Early refrigerators were large, dangerous, and expensive. They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants. 28 In the 1920s, engineers began searching for safer alternatives. This led to the development of Freon by Thomas Midgley Jr. and his team in 1928. Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer. 29 Mass production began in the 1930s, and by the 1950s, owning a refrigerator was a standard part of middle-class life. Today, refrigerators are more efficient and environmentally friendly than ever. 30 It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world. A．Oliver Evans, an American inventor, first proposed the idea of a refrigerator in 1805. B．Jacob Perkins, known as the “father of the refrigerator,” built the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1834. C．Leaks could cause serious injuries or even death. D．The invention of the refrigerator had a huge impact on society. E．The first commercial refrigerators were sold in the 1910s, but they were still too costly for average families. F．Modern refrigerators use smart technology to adjust temperature automatically. 第三节 信息匹配 (共 5小题，每小题1分，满分5分) 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据五位同学的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 Students’ Needs Biographies 31 Anna is interested in environmental protection. She wants to read about a scientist who studied nature and developed sustainable ideas. 32 Ben loves space exploration. He wants to learn about an engineer whose ideas helped launch satellites. 33 Cindy is good at drawing. She hopes to find a biography about an artist who combined science and art in his work. 34 David is curious about medicine. He wants to read about a researcher who developed life-saving vaccines. 35 Ella enjoys stories about brave women. She wants to read about a female pilot who broke records. A．Marie Curie: The Pioneer of Radioactivity. This book tells the story of the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Her discovery of radium changed medicine forever. B．Leonardo da Vinci: The Genius Who Saw the Future. Explore the life of the ultimate Renaissance man. His detailed sketches of flying machines inspired generations of engineers. C． Rachel Carson: The Woman Who Challenged the World. Learn about the marine biologist whose book Silent Spring sparked the modern environmental movement. D．Wernher von Braun: Rocket Scientist. This biography covers the life of the engineer who developed the Saturn V rocket that sent Apollo missions to the moon. E. Amelia Earhart: The Sky’s No Limit. Read about the courageous aviator who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. F. Edward Jenner: Conqueror of Smallpox. Discover how a country doctor’s curiosity led to the development of the world’s first vaccine 三、语法填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。 The compass is one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. Its invention 36 (change) the history of navigation forever. Before the compass, sailors had to rely on the stars and landmarks to find their way, which was dangerous and unreliable, especially on cloudy days or at night. The earliest form of the compass was called the “south-pointing spoon” or Sinan. It was made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized iron ore. The spoon was placed on a 37 (smooth) bronze plate, and its handle always pointed south. This device 38 (invent) during the Han Dynasty and was used for divination and fortune-telling at first. It wasn’t until the Song Dynasty that the compass began to be used for navigation. Sailors discovered that by rubbing an iron needle with lodestone, they could magnetize it and make it point south. This 39 (simple) needle compass was much more portable and practical for use on ships. With this technology, Chinese sailors could venture far into the open sea, leading to the great voyages of Zheng He in the 15th century. The compass spread to the Arab world and Europe 40 the Silk Road. European explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan used compasses on their historic journeys. Without this simple yet brilliant idea, the Age of Discovery might never 41 (happen). Today, while we use digital GPS, the magnetic compass remains 42 reliable backup tool. It is a testament to how a great idea, born from observing nature, can guide humanity forward. We should always be curious about the world around us, for the next great invention might be 43 (hide) in plain sight. The compass reminds us that sometimes, the smallest ideas can have the 44 (big) impact. Let’s continue to explore, innovate, and make our own contributions to the world. Who knows? Maybe your idea 45 (be) the next one to change history! 四、书面表达(本题15分) 46．从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【暑假单元测试卷】2026-2027学年沪教版七年级英语上册（深圳卷） Unit 2 Great ideas (时间：70分钟　满分：75分) 一、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） During the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper was very expensive and hard to make. The only writing materials available were bamboo slips and silk, which were either too heavy or too costly. Cai Lun, an official in the imperial court, believed he could find a 1 solution. He spent years experimenting with different materials. Instead of using only silk fibers, he tried plant fibers from mulberry bark, hemp, rags, and even fishing nets. After many 2 , he finally developed a new pulping method. He mashed these materials into a pulp, spread it thinly on a bamboo mat, and let it 3 in the sun. The result was a lightweight, thin, and durable sheet of paper. Cai Lun presented his new paper to Emperor He in 105 AD．The emperor was so 4 that he ordered the method to be spread across the country. This new paper was 5 cheaper to produce than silk, making writing accessible to more people, not just the rich. The invention of paper 6 the way for the spread of knowledge. Books could be copied faster and distributed farther. Without Cai Lun’s innovative idea, many great works of Chinese literature might have been 7 . His invention didn’t just solve a practical problem; it changed the course of human civilization. Today, we 8 Cai Lun as a pioneer whose creativity made the world more connected. His story reminds us that sometimes, the simplest ideas—like turning trash into treasure—can be the most 9 . We should always be willing to experiment and think 10 the box. 1．A．better B．worse C．easier D．faster 2．A．successes B．failures C．attempts D．experiments 3．A．dry B．freeze C．melt D．burn 4．A．disappointed B．impressed C．worried D．confused 5．A．much B．more C．most D．many 6．A．paved B．blocked C．lost D．found 7．A．written B．lost C．read D．saved 8．A．forget B．remember C．misunderstand D．ignore 9．A．complicated B．expensive C．powerful D．useless 10．A．inside B．outside C．through D．across 二、阅读(40分) 第一节 阅读理解 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) A Starting from January 1, 2026, China will fully stop the production of mercury thermometers (水银温度计) and mercury blood pressure monitors (水银血压计). This rule, first announced by the National Medical Products, Administration in 2020, is now widely talked about as 2025 comes to an end. Faced with this news, many people in different places are rushing to buy them. For decades, mercury thermometers have been popular in homes thanks to their low price and high accuracy (准确性). But safety worries are pushing them out of history. A mercury thermometer has a small amount of mercury inside a thin glass tube. Mercury expands when heated and contracts (收缩) when cooled. Before use, you need to shake it hard to push the mercury back down below 35℃. When you put it under your arm or in your mouth, your body heat makes the mercury rise in the tube to show your temperature. However, this simple tool has great safety risks. Mercury is a highly toxic (有毒的) metal. If the thermometer breaks—from shaking too hard, dropping it, or hitting a hard surface—silver mercury drops will come out. These drops quickly turn into toxic gas. Breathing in too much of this gas can cause mercury poisoning (中毒), such as dizziness, headaches, and tiredness, according to China CDC． What’s more, using mercury thermometers takes about 10 minutes. They are not as convenient as other kinds of thermometers. Safe choices & Tips Digital (数字的) thermometers: accurate (准确的), and easy to use. Infrared (红外线的) thermometers: Non-contact(forehead) or contact (ear) options, perfect for families. If a mercury thermometer breaks: √Do not touch the mercury drops with your hands. √Open windows to let fresh air in. √Use a piece of paper to collect the drops and put them in a closed bag. √Ask adults to throw the bag away properly (do not put it in regular trash). 11．When will China completely stop producing mercury thermometers? A．In 2020. B．At the start of 2025. C．At the start of 2026. D．At the end of 2026. 12．Why do people need to shake it before using the mercury thermometer? A．To heat the tube. B．To check the glass. C．To see mercury clearly. D．To push mercury back down. 13．What symptom (症状) is Not mentioned for mercury poisoning? A．Dizziness. B．Stomachache. C．Headaches. D．Tiredness. 14．Which picture shows the Wrong way to deal with mercury drops? A．B．C． D． 15．Which statement does the author disagree with? A．Mercury thermometers have great safety risks. B．Infrared thermometers are perfect for families. C．Digital thermometers are accurate and easy to use. D．Mercury thermometers are as convenient as other kinds of thermometers. B A long time ago, people used different ways to store food. They kept food in cold water, underground rooms, or iceboxes. Iceboxes were wooden boxes with blocks of ice inside. However, ice melted quickly, and food still got bad easily. People needed a better way to keep food cold. In the early 1800s, scientists discovered that some chemicals could take in heat and make the air cooler. This idea led to the first fridge machines. In 1834, an American inventor named Jacob Perkins built a machine that used gas to cool things. It was the first step toward the modern fridge. Later, in 1876, a German engineer named Carl von Linde created a better fridge system using a special gas. His invention made it easier to produce cold air. However, these early fridges were too big and expensive. In the 1920s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes. They used a chemical called Freon, which wasn’t bad for people. By the 1930s, many families could afford fridges, and they became popular. Over time, fridges improved. They became more energy-efficient. Today fridges come in many sizes and styles, helping people store food safely. Thanks to the hard work of scientists and inventors, we now have a convenient way to keep our food fresh. 16．What did people use to store food before modern fridges? ①cold water         ②special chemicals     ③underground rooms         ④iceboxes A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④ 17．Who built the first machine that used gas to cool things in 1834? A．Carl von Linde B．Whitcomb Judson C．Jacob Perkins D．Karl Benz 18．What chemical made fridges safer for homes in the 1920s? A．Ice B．Freon C．Water D．Oxygen 19．Why weren’t early fridges popular with most families at first? A．People liked iceboxes better. B．They didn’t work well. C．They used too much electricity. D．They were too big and expensive 20．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Invention of Fridges B．How Ice boxes Changed the World C．Scientists and Their Discoveries D．The History of Storing Food C Do you yawn (打哈欠)? There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning. We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too. Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that? In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down. Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch (拉伸) the muscles (肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your ear drums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things. In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air. Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do. 21．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Yawning is contagious. B．People yawn when they are excited or nervous. C．Yawning helps a warm brain. D．People yawn because of their boredom or tiredness. 22．Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race? A．They are too tired or too bored. B．A yawn can let good things in. C．A yawn can help a warm brain cool down. D．A yawn can stretch the muscles in their faces. 23．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．Reasons for yawning. B．Advantages of yawning. C．Disadvantages of yawning. D．Different ideas about yawning. 24．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．People use different ways to yawn. B．Scientists will do further research on yawning. C．It’s hard to notice things quickly while yawning. D．Some people think yawning is good for health. 25．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 第二节 信息还原 (共 5小题，每小题1分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The refrigerator is a common appliance in every home today, but its invention was a game-changer for food preservation. Before refrigerators, people used iceboxes, which were insulated containers filled with large blocks of ice. These were inefficient and required frequent delivery of ice, which was expensive. The journey to the modern refrigerator began in the 18th century with the discovery of refrigeration principles. 26 He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it. However, Evans’ idea was never built. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that practical refrigeration machines were developed. 27 He developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant. His machine was first used to cool beer in breweries, but it paved the way for domestic refrigerators. Early refrigerators were large, dangerous, and expensive. They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants. 28 In the 1920s, engineers began searching for safer alternatives. This led to the development of Freon by Thomas Midgley Jr. and his team in 1928. Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer. 29 Mass production began in the 1930s, and by the 1950s, owning a refrigerator was a standard part of middle-class life. Today, refrigerators are more efficient and environmentally friendly than ever. 30 It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world. A．Oliver Evans, an American inventor, first proposed the idea of a refrigerator in 1805. B．Jacob Perkins, known as the “father of the refrigerator,” built the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1834. C．Leaks could cause serious injuries or even death. D．The invention of the refrigerator had a huge impact on society. E．The first commercial refrigerators were sold in the 1910s, but they were still too costly for average families. F．Modern refrigerators use smart technology to adjust temperature automatically. 第三节 信息匹配 (共 5小题，每小题1分，满分5分) 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据五位同学的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 Students’ Needs Biographies 31 Anna is interested in environmental protection. She wants to read about a scientist who studied nature and developed sustainable ideas. 32 Ben loves space exploration. He wants to learn about an engineer whose ideas helped launch satellites. 33 Cindy is good at drawing. She hopes to find a biography about an artist who combined science and art in his work. 34 David is curious about medicine. He wants to read about a researcher who developed life-saving vaccines. 35 Ella enjoys stories about brave women. She wants to read about a female pilot who broke records. A．Marie Curie: The Pioneer of Radioactivity. This book tells the story of the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Her discovery of radium changed medicine forever. B．Leonardo da Vinci: The Genius Who Saw the Future. Explore the life of the ultimate Renaissance man. His detailed sketches of flying machines inspired generations of engineers. C． Rachel Carson: The Woman Who Challenged the World. Learn about the marine biologist whose book Silent Spring sparked the modern environmental movement. D．Wernher von Braun: Rocket Scientist. This biography covers the life of the engineer who developed the Saturn V rocket that sent Apollo missions to the moon. E. Amelia Earhart: The Sky’s No Limit. Read about the courageous aviator who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. F. Edward Jenner: Conqueror of Smallpox. Discover how a country doctor’s curiosity led to the development of the world’s first vaccine 三、语法填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。 The compass is one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. Its invention 36 (change) the history of navigation forever. Before the compass, sailors had to rely on the stars and landmarks to find their way, which was dangerous and unreliable, especially on cloudy days or at night. The earliest form of the compass was called the “south-pointing spoon” or Sinan. It was made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized iron ore. The spoon was placed on a 37 (smooth) bronze plate, and its handle always pointed south. This device 38 (invent) during the Han Dynasty and was used for divination and fortune-telling at first. It wasn’t until the Song Dynasty that the compass began to be used for navigation. Sailors discovered that by rubbing an iron needle with lodestone, they could magnetize it and make it point south. This 39 (simple) needle compass was much more portable and practical for use on ships. With this technology, Chinese sailors could venture far into the open sea, leading to the great voyages of Zheng He in the 15th century. The compass spread to the Arab world and Europe 40 the Silk Road. European explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan used compasses on their historic journeys. Without this simple yet brilliant idea, the Age of Discovery might never 41 (happen). Today, while we use digital GPS, the magnetic compass remains 42 reliable backup tool. It is a testament to how a great idea, born from observing nature, can guide humanity forward. We should always be curious about the world around us, for the next great invention might be 43 (hide) in plain sight. The compass reminds us that sometimes, the smallest ideas can have the 44 (big) impact. Let’s continue to explore, innovate, and make our own contributions to the world. Who knows? Maybe your idea 45 (be) the next one to change history! 四、书面表达(本题15分) 46．从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了东汉蔡伦看到古时书写材料笨重昂贵，反复试验改良造纸术，新纸张降低书写成本、推动知识传播，赞扬蔡伦敢于创新、突破常规的精神。 【详解】1．句意：蔡伦是朝廷官员，他认为自己能找到更好的解决办法。 前文提到当时竹简太重、丝绸太贵，现有的书写材料都存在缺陷，better意为“更好的”，符合他想要改良书写材料的语境；worse“更差的”表意相反，easier“更简便的”、faster“更快的”无法概括他想要全方位优化材料的想法。 2．句意：经过无数次实验，他最终研发出新的制浆工艺。 前文交代他尝试树皮、麻布、渔网等多种原料，全程在做研发测试，experiments意为“实验”契合反复试制的上下文；successes“成功”、failures“失败”、attempts“尝试”不如实验贴合研发造纸的场景。 3．句意：他把这些原料捣成纸浆，薄薄铺在竹席上，放在太阳下晒干。 后文产出轻薄结实的纸张，造纸工序需要日晒脱水，dry意为“烘干、晒干”符合工艺流程；freeze“冷冻”、melt“融化”、burn“燃烧”和造纸工序相悖。 4．句意：皇帝对此印象极为深刻，下令全国推广这套造纸方法。 前文蔡伦向皇帝展示新型纸张，工艺优良，impressed意为“印象深刻的”，对应皇帝下令全国推行的上下文；disappointed“失望的”、worried“担忧的”、confused“困惑的”逻辑相反。 5．句意：这种新纸生产成本比丝绸便宜得多，让普通人也能书写。 much可修饰形容词比较级cheaper，表示“……得多”，用来突出价格差距；more本身是比较级，不能再修饰cheaper；most是最高级，many只能修饰可数名词，均不符合语法。 6．句意：纸的发明为知识传播铺平了道路。 后文写到书籍抄写速度变快、传播范围更广，能看出造纸术极大促进文化流传，固定搭配paved the way意为“铺平道路”符合语境；blocked“阻碍”、lost“丢失”、found“找到”和后文推动知识传播的内容相悖。 7．句意：如果没有蔡伦创新的想法，许多中国文学瑰宝或许早已失传。 前文写纸张方便书籍留存流传，反向推导若无造纸术，文学作品容易遗失，lost意为“丢失、失传”贴合上下文；written“书写”、read“阅读”、saved“保存”逻辑不符。 8．句意：如今，我们铭记蔡伦这位用创造力拉近世界距离的先驱。 全文赞扬蔡伦造纸的伟大贡献，remember意为“铭记、记得”契合后人缅怀先贤的上下文；forget“忘记”、misunderstand“误解”、ignore“忽视”和主旨相反。 9．句意：他的故事提醒我们，有时最简单的想法——变废为宝，却拥有最强大的力量。 前文写简易造纸术改变人类文明进程，powerful意为“强大的”，对应小小发明带来巨大影响的上下文；complicated“复杂的”、expensive“昂贵的”、useless“无用的”和文意冲突。 10．句意：我们要乐于尝试，跳出固有思维思考。 前文蔡伦没有局限丝绸原料，改用树皮、破布等废料造纸，体现打破固有思路，固定短语think outside the box意为“跳出思维定式”；inside、through、across都无法构成这个固定表达，不符合文章创新的主旨。 二、 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国将从2026年1月1日起全面停止生产水银温度计和水银血压计的原因，介绍了水银温度计的工作原理、使用方法和安全隐患，并提供了更安全的替代品及水银泄漏后的正确处理方式。 【详解】11．第一段指出：“Starting from January 1, 2026, China will fully stop the production of mercury thermometers…”，这直接说明全面停产的时间是2026年初。 12．第二段指出：“Before use, you need to shake it hard to push the mercury back down below 35℃.”，这说明使用前摇晃水银温度计的目的是将水银柱甩回低位。 13．第三段提到汞中毒的症状：“such as dizziness, headaches, and tiredness”，文中并未提到stomachache“胃痛”。 14．最后“Safe choices & Tips”部分列出了正确处理水银滴的方法：不要用手触摸、开窗通风、用纸片收集后放入密封袋、请成年人妥善处理（勿扔进普通垃圾桶）。图中B是错误方式。 15．第三段最后一句明确指出：“They are not as convenient as other kinds of thermometers.”，因此作者不同意“水银温度计和其他温度计一样方便”这一说法。 16．C 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文梳理冰箱的发展历程：早期人们使用多种方式储存食物，科学家不断探索制冷技术，一代代发明家持续改良冰箱，最终家用冰箱普及，并且不断升级。 【详解】16．原文第一段“A long time ago, people used different ways to store food. They kept food in cold water, underground rooms, or iceboxes.”，文中提到冷水、地下室、冰盒；special chemicals是后期制冷机器使用的材料，并非人们储存食物的工具。对应①③④。 17．原文第二段“In 1834, an American inventor named Jacob Perkins built a machine that used gas to cool things.”，可知Jacob Perkins在1834年造出这台设备。 18．原文第四段“In the 1920s, companies started making smaller and safer fridges for homes. They used a chemical called Freon, which wasn’t bad for people.”，20世纪20年代，氟利昂让家用冰箱变得更安全。 19．原文第三段“However, these early fridges were too big and expensive.”，早期冰箱体积庞大、价格昂贵，所以不受大多数家庭欢迎。 20．全文围绕冰箱的发明及发展历程展开，最佳标题为The Invention of Fridges。 21．D 22．C 23．D 24．D 25．C 【导语】本文介绍科学家尚未完全弄清打哈欠的准确原因，介绍了打哈欠的普遍特征、多种成因猜想、带来的身体作用，以及不同国家对打哈欠的不同看法。 【详解】21．结合第三段第一句“Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true.”可知That指代前文人们觉得打哈欠是无聊或疲惫导致的这件事。 22．结合第三段末尾“Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that? In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.”可知运动员赛前打哈欠的科学原因是打哈欠可以给温热的大脑降温。 23．结合第五段“In some countries, people think yawning is not nice... In other countries, people think yawning is healthy.”可知本段分别讲述两类国家对打哈欠截然不同的看法。 24．结合第五段“In other countries, people think yawning is healthy.”可知一些国家认为打哈欠有益健康。 25．结合文章整体结构可知第1段总起，总述科学家对打哈欠有诸多猜想但无定论；第2到第6段分层介绍打哈欠的共性、成因、身体作用、各国看法、科学家研究态度，属于总分结构，总段①，分述②③④⑤⑥。 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．E 30．D 【导语】本文介绍了冰箱发展历程，从原理发现到普及，彻底改变食物储存与人们生活。 【详解】26．空后提到“He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it.”，此处需要引出发明家Oliver Evans，A选项“美国发明家Oliver Evans于1805年首次提出了冰箱的概念”符合逻辑，介绍Evans在1805年首次提出冰箱概念。 27．空后提到“developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant”，B选项“被称为‘冰箱之父’的Jacob Perkins于1834年制造出了第一台可运行的蒸气压缩制冷系统”，与之内容呼应，符合逻辑。 28．上文“They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants.”提到早期冰箱使用有毒制冷剂，下文“engineers began searching for safer alternatives.”提到工程师开始寻找更安全的替代品，C选项“泄漏可能导致严重伤害，甚至死亡”说明制冷剂泄漏会造成重伤甚至死亡，承接上文的安全隐患，引出下文研发安全制冷剂的内容。 29．上文“Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer.”提到研发出安全的氟利昂，下文“Mass production began in the 1930s”提到1930年代开始大规模生产，1950年代冰箱成为中产家庭标配，E选项“最早的商用冰箱在20世纪10年代上市，但价格仍过高，普通家庭难以负担”承接上文，引出下文量产普及的内容。 30．根据后文“It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world.”可知，后文讲述了冰箱对储粮、饮食、食品运输的改变，整体讲冰箱对社会产生的巨大影响。D选项“冰箱的发明对社会产生了巨大影响”总起说明冰箱发明的影响力，引出下文阐述，符合逻辑。 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．F 35．E 【导语】本文是根据五位同学的阅读需求，匹配对应的人物传记介绍，引用需求与原文均使用双引号标注。 【详解】31．Anna的需求是想读一位研究自然并提出可持续发展理念的科学家的故事。选项C的介绍提到蕾切尔·卡森是推动现代环保运动的生物学家，完全匹配环保主题需求。 32．Ben的需求是想了解一位工程师，他的想法帮助发射了卫星。选项D的介绍提到冯·布劳恩是研发登月火箭的航天工程师，契合太空探索需求。 33．Cindy的需求是希望能找到一位将科学与艺术结合在一起的艺术家的传记。选项B的介绍提到达·芬奇是融合艺术与科学的艺术家，匹配需求。 34．David的需求是想读到一位研究人员研制出救命疫苗的故事。选项F的介绍提到爱德华·詹纳研发出世界首种疫苗，符合医药相关需求。 35．Ella的需求是想读一篇关于打破纪录的女飞行员的文章。选项E的介绍提到阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特是打破飞行纪录的女性飞行员，匹配需求。 三、 36．changed/has changed 37．smooth 38．was invented 39．simple 40．via/through 41．have happened 42．a 43．hidden 44．biggest 45．will be 【导语】本文介绍中国古代四大发明之一指南针的起源、演变、对外传播以及对世界航海历史的深远意义，倡导人们保持好奇心、勇于探索创新。 【详解】36．句意：它的发明永久改变了航海的历史。指南针的发明发生在过去，可用一般过去时“changed”表示过去发生的动作；也可用现在完成时强调对航海史产生了深远影响，主语“Its invention”为单数，助动词用has，change变为过去分词changed。 37．句意：这把勺子被放置在光滑的青铜盘上，它的勺柄总是指向南方。空格处需要形容词修饰名词短语“bronze plate”，括号内“smooth”本身是形容词，可直接作定语。 38．句意：这种器具发明于汉代，起初被用来占卜算命。主语“This device”和动词“invent”构成被动关系，动作发生在汉代这一过去时间，使用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，be动词用was，invent变为过去分词invented。 39．句意：这种简易的磁针指南针更加轻便，很适合在船上使用。空格处需要形容词修饰名词短语“needle compass”，括号内“simple”本身是形容词，可直接作定语。 40．句意：指南针经由丝绸之路传播到阿拉伯地区与欧洲。空格后“the Silk Road”为传播途径的通道，介词“via”与“through”均可表示“经由、通过”，用来描述传播路径。 41．句意：如果没有这个简洁又绝妙的发明，大航海时代或许永远不会到来。“Without”引导对过去事实的虚拟假设，固定结构“might never have done”，因此happen变形为have happened。 42．句意：如今我们虽然使用数字GPS，但磁罗盘依旧是一款可靠的备用工具。空格修饰可数名词单数“backup tool”，形容词“reliable”以辅音音素开头，需填入不定冠词a。 43．句意：我们应当始终对身边的世界保持好奇，因为下一项伟大的发明或许就藏在我们眼前。主语“the next great invention”与动词“hide”是被动关系，空格前存在be动词，需填入hide的过去分词hidden构成被动语态。 44．句意：指南针提醒我们，有时候微小的想法也能产生最巨大的影响。空格前有定冠词the，结合语境表示“最大的”，形容词big需要变为最高级biggest。 45．句意：谁知道呢？或许你的想法将会是下一个改写历史的事物。句中“the next one to change history”指向未来可能发生的事，用一般将来时will be。 四、46．例文 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives Many great ideas come from solving hard problems, and papermaking is such a wonderful example. In ancient China, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk. It was hard for common people to record and spread knowledge. Cai Lun came up with a creative idea. He used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth to make paper. After lots of experiments, he finally made light and affordable paper. Thanks to this great idea, knowledge spread quickly around the world. It makes our study and communication much easier. I realize small creative ideas can change the whole world. 【详解】写作步骤 ［第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：说明叙事结合的英语说明文，主体叙事用一般过去时，描述长期影响使用现在完成时 明确要点：待解决的难题（书写材料笨重昂贵）、创意提出者（蔡伦）、创意内容与解决过程（利用廉价材料造纸）、创意带来的生活影响（知识传播、改变世界） 确定人称：第一人称 I（用于结尾感悟）；第三人称 he/it（用于叙述故事） 注意事项：文中不得出现真实姓名、校名（除历史人物外） ［第二步：构思布局］ 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，概括主题（伟大的创意源于解决难题），引出下文例子 主体段：分别介绍当时的困难背景、创意的产生及具体实施过程 结尾段：总结感受，升华主题（强调该创意对世界的深远影响） ［第三步：要点展开］ 要点一：当时人们亟待解决的难题      地点/时间选择：In ancient China / Long ago等      状况描述：wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk（写在沉重的竹简或昂贵的丝绸上）等 作用效果：hard for common people to record and spread knowledge（普通人很难记录和传播知识）、 inconvenient（不方便的）、costly（昂贵的）、burden（负担）等 要点二：创意内容与解决过程     人物动作：came up with a creative idea（想出了一个绝妙的主意）、invented（发明）、devise（设计）、propose（提议）等      具体做法：used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth（使用像树皮和旧布这样的廉价材料）、 raw materials（原材料）、recycle（回收利用）、experiment（实验）等 最终结果：made light and affordable paper（造出了轻便且买得起的纸）、 durable（耐用的）、high-quality（高质量的）、success（成功）等 要点三：创意带来的生活影响与个人感悟     对世界的影响：knowledge spread quickly around the world（知识迅速传遍世界）、 civilization（文明）、promote（促进）、global（全球的）等       对生活的作用：makes our study and communication much easier（使我们的学习和交流变得更容易）、efficient（高效的）、convenient（便利的）、bridge（桥梁）等       个人感悟：realize small creative ideas can change the whole world（意识到小小的创意可以改变整个世界）、 inspire（启发）、innovation（创新）、significance（意义）等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $