2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空真题 -全国甲卷乙卷上海卷-保温复习卷

**基本信息** 聚焦停考卷区语法填空真题，通过长难句拆解三步骤（找主干、析成分、理句意）系统训练语法应用与篇章逻辑分析，适配二轮保温需求。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |全国甲卷|2021-2024年4套真题|长难句拆解：主干识别→成分分析（从句/非谓语等）→句意整合|核心语法点（时态、非谓语等）与篇章语境结合，通过真题巩固基础语法应用| |全国乙卷|2021-2023年3套真题|同甲卷方法，强化上下文逻辑关联|语法规则与语义连贯并重，训练语境中语法选择能力| |上海卷|2021-2023年5套真题（含春秋季）|侧重篇章逻辑分析，深化长难句结构理解|复杂句式（多从句、插入语）与语篇意义推导，提升语言综合理解能力|

2027届高考英语二轮复习 语法填空真题讲义·停考卷区 说明： 全国甲卷（2021–2024年）、全国乙卷（2021–2023年）已停考，上海卷语法填空部分已被新题型替代。本题集汇编上述停考卷区的历年真题，仅供练习使用——不作命题趋势分析，不作备考策略参考。 但停考卷≠无用卷！ 全国甲/乙卷是老高考的精华，其考点和新高考命题逻辑契合；而上海卷侧重篇章逻辑，是提升长难句分析能力的绝佳素材，适合第二轮复习做“保温训练”。 一、全国甲卷（2024–2021） 【2024年全国甲卷】 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend  (1) ___________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are  (2) ___________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in  (3) ___________ is now northwestern Wyoming. They  (4) ___________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should  (5) ___________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with  (6) ___________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved  (7) ___________ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the  (8) ___________ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the  (9) ___________ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,  (10) ___________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ adj. 2 preserve /prɪˈzɜːrv/ v. 3 heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 4 witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ n./v. 5 promotional /prəˈmoʊʃənl/ adj. 6 monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n. 7 vow /vaʊ/ v. 8 starry /ˈstɑːri/ adj. 9 completion /kəmˈpliːʃn/ n. 10 acre /ˈeɪkər/ n. 长难句拆解 Yellowstone was the United States' largest national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2023年全国甲卷】 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (1) ___________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the (2) ___________ (six) century BC. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, (3) ___________ Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow. Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America (4) ___________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (5) ___________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (6) ___________ (intend) for everyone. (7) ___________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility (8) ___________ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (9) ___________ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (10) ___________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 fable /ˈfeɪbl/ n. 2 oral /ˈɔːrəl/ adj. 3 co-existence /ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst əns/ n. 4 accusation /ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn/ n. 5 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 6 literary /ˈlɪtəreri/ adj. 7 weighty /ˈweɪti/ adj. 8 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 9 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 长难句拆解 Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2022年全国甲卷】 A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (1) ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, (2) ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (3) ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. (4) ___________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (5) ___________ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (6) ___________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years, Cao (7) ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s (8) ___________ (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers (9) ___________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, (10) ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 visually-challenged /ˈvɪʒuəli ˈtʃælɪndʒd/ adj. 2 hike /haɪk/ v. 3 tribute /ˈtrɪbjuːt/ n. 4 companion /kəmˈpænjən/ n. 5 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 6 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ v. 7 continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ n. 8 meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 9 collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 长难句拆解 Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2021年全国甲卷】 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It (1) ___________ (build) originally to protect the city (2) ___________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible (3) ___________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After (4) ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (5) ___________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We (6) ___________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky (7) ___________ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all (8) ___________ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (9) ___________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (10) ___________ (day) routines. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 restore /rɪˈstɔːr/ v. 2 access /ˈækses/ v./n. 3 defensive /dɪˈfensɪv/ adj. 4 equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n. 5 rental /ˈrentl/ n./adj. 6 watchtower /ˈwɒtʃtaʊər/ n. 7 routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 8 stream /striːm/ n. 9 shaky /ˈʃeɪki/ adj. 10 supposedly /səˈpoʊzɪdli/ adv. 长难句拆解 After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 二、全国乙卷（2023–2021） 【2023年全国乙卷】 Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong (1) ___________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (2) ___________ (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place (3) ___________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (4) ___________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, (5) ___________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (6) ___________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (7) ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (8) ___________ (record) everything I discovered. The (9) ___________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (10) ___________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 bridge /brɪdʒ/ v./n. 2 Buddhist /ˈbʊdɪst/ adj./n. 3 distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 4 contrast /ˈkɒntræst/ n. 5 combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 6 heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 7 consciously /ˈkɒnʃəsli/ adv. 8 remarkable /rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/ adj. 9 architectural /ˌɑːrkɪˈtektʃərəl/ adj. 长难句拆解 The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2022年全国乙卷】 May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially (1) ___________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate (2) ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society (3) ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (4) ___________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a (5) ___________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a (6) ___________ (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation (7) ___________ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion — Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative. (8) ___________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (9) ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening (10) ___________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 promoter /prəˈmoʊtər/ n. 2 ceremony /ˈserəmoʊni/ n. 3 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 4 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 5 cooperative /koʊˈɒpərətɪv/ adj. 6 unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/ v. 7 exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ n. 8 broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkæst/ n./v. 9 issue /ˈɪʃuː/ v./n. 10 professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ n./adj. 长难句拆解 The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2021年全国乙卷】 Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (1) ___________ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (2) ___________ (develop) of the local areas. Ecotourism has (3) ___________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept (4) ___________ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. Due to (5) ___________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types (6) ___________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles • Minimize the impact of (7) ___________ (visit) the place. • Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. • Provide (8) ___________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. • Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. (9) ___________ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim (10) ___________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 ecotourism /ˌiːkoʊˈtʊrɪzəm/ n. 2 undisturbed /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/ adj. 3 conservation /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃn/ n. 4 biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ n. 5 classify /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ v. 6 awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 7 accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ n. 8 financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ adj. 9 environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ adv. 10 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 长难句拆解 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 三、上海卷（2023–2021） 【2023年6月上海卷】 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who  (1) ___________ (know ) for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning “smoke” in his native tongue. He had come a long way  (2) ___________ (watch ) over his kingdom,  (3) ___________ (assume ) the throne (王权) at a young age. One day, a dispute arose in the kingdom, Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land, They could not settle the matter themselves  (4) ___________ each claimed the land was theirs. The case was brought before King Mosi, who was known for his fair judgments. The king listened to both sides of the story. He then asked, “Who among you can tell me.how many seeds are in the fruit of the baobab tree?” The farmers looked at each other, puzzled. They did not know the answer. King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit, you cannot prove  (5) ___________ this land belongs to. Therefore, I decree that this land shall be shared between you. You will work on it together and share the fruits of your labor equally.” The farmers were taken aback by the king's wisdom. They agreed to the king's decision and thanked him for his fair judgment. From that day forward, they  (6) ___________ work together on the land and became the best friends. The people of the kingdom admired King Mosi's wisdom. They would remain  (7) ___________ ( seat ) for hours, listening to his wise words and learning from his judgments. The story of King Mosi's wisdom spread far and wide, and he was respected by all who heard about him. And so, king Mosi continued to rule his kingdom with wisdom and fairness, earning  (8) ___________ a place in the annals (编年史) of history, His story is a reminder of (9) ___________ wisdom can bring  (10) ___________ peace and harmony. It is a story that has been passed down through generations, a testament to King Mosi's enduring legacy. This is the story of King Mosi, a wise and just ruler who made a significant impact on his kingdom and its people, His story continues to inspire and teach valuable lessons about leadership and justice. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/ n. 2 ownership /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/ n. 3 baobab /ˈbeɪəbæb/ n. 4 decree /dɪˈkriː/ v./n. 5 judgment /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 6 annal /ˈænl/ n. 7 legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. 8 testament /ˈtestəmənt/ n. 9 fairness /ˈfeərnəs/ n. 10 puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ v./n. 长难句拆解 Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit, you cannot prove who this land belongs to. Therefore, I decree that this land shall be shared between you. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2022年上海卷-春季】 The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September 1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light. The light did not come from the sun or the moon — and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky,  (1) ___________ (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind. In the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portland, 160 km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but  (2) ___________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth,  (3) ___________ it is called aurora borealis or Northern Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it  (4) ___________ (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth? The aurora is made by something  (5) ___________ (call) the ‘solar wind’ (wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun all the time at about 400 kilometres a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it  (6) ___________ these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two ‘windows’ in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places, the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash into the particles that are already in our sky. And  (7) ___________ this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place  (8) ___________ (see) the aurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland. To see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometres to see the aurora, and they can never be sure  (9) ___________ it will happen. But (10) ___________ does see it says that they will never forget it. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 aurora /ɔːˈrɔːrə/ n. 2 borealis /ˌbɔːriˈeɪlɪs/ adj. 3 particle /ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ n. 4 magnetic /mæɡˈnetɪk/ adj. 5 telegraph /ˈtelɪɡræf/ n. 6 electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 7 defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 8 crash /kræʃ/ v. 9 uninterrupted /ˌʌnɪntəˈrʌptɪd/ adj. 10 australis /ɔːˈstrælɪs/ adj. 长难句拆解 The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it against these particles. This wall is called the earth’s magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2022年上海卷-秋季】 How to Start a New Business An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to aid  (1) ___________ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took  (2) ___________ (achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions, and you will find more preparations for it. Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur？ Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies  (3) ___________ (know) as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society,  (4) ___________ (develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the  (5) ___________ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service. Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects？ Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company's revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine  (6) ___________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences,  (7) ___________ they may use to enhance a firm. Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful？ Answer:  (8) ___________ an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style (9) ___________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short-and long-term goals.  (10) ___________ successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short-and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːr/ n. 2 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 3 prospective /prəˈspektɪv/ adj. 4 competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 5 multitask /ˌmʌltiˈtæsk/ v. 6 prioritize /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ v. 7 innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ adj. 8 revenue /ˈrevənjuː/ n. 9 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 10 significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 长难句拆解 An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, develops an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2021年上海卷-春季】 Why Being in a Band Is Cool When you were younger, a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a flute (长笛) from class to class just for a half-hour lesson  (1) __________ have seemed pointless. But as you enter the adult world suddenly you realize that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute. So, what makes being in a band so cool? Is it because you get to go on stage and play to millions of adoring fans? Well, yes, but it’ll be a few years before your dodgy rendition of ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts to resemble a Mozart symphony. (2) ___________ talented you've been in music it's still not easy to organize a band, but here's a quick guide to get you started: 1) Find your members. You'll need a drummer, a guitarist, a bass guitarist and a singer. Any other instruments are a bonus. This is where  (3) ___________ (play) the flute comes in, if you can make playing the flute cool, you deserve all the fame and fortune in the world! 2) Organize a band practice. If you are lucky enough to have a band member  (4) ___________ a drum kit and parents who are hard of hearing, you can practise at home for free. Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio  (5) ___________ can be expensive.  (6) ___________ (divide) the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer, you rock together, you roll together ! 3) Be productive. If you're paying for a studio, the last thing you want is to spend it catching up with each other, so meet half an hour in advance to get all the chatting  (7) ___________ (finish). 4) Agree on songs to learn, and learn them! Each band member should choose a song for the whole band  (8) ___________ (learn) ready for rehearsal. This will allow you to see  (9) ___________ genres (类型) work for your group. (5) Start writing. Once you know what music works for you, start writing! You can do this individually or as a band but the most important thing is to respect other people’s songs. It’s very rare to find  (10) ___________ who isn’t shy about sharing their first few pieces of writing, so be nice! If that sounds like a lot of hard work, then you're right! If it also sounds like a lot of fun, get started! But what is it that makes all that hard work worth it? Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team. Once you can do that you'll be well on your way to finding what it is about you that makes you unique, special and cool! 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rendition /renˈdɪʃn/ n. 2 symphony /ˈsɪmfəni/ n. 3 rehearsal /rɪˈhɜːrsl/ n. 4 genre /ˈʒɒnrə/ n. 5 adore /əˈdɔːr/ v. 6 instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 7 productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ adj. 8 flute /fluːt/ n. 9 drummer /ˈdrʌmə(r)/ n. 10 precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 长难句拆解 Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【2021年上海卷-秋季】 The Spread of Disease Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease.When people arrive in a new place, they may bring in bacteria that  (1) ___________ present in the past. The people there have no natural protection  (2) ___________ these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily.  (3) ___________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was  (4) ___________ happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and  (5) ___________ cost millions of lives. Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria  (6) ___________ (grow). Then when the air conditioner  (7) ___________ (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers.They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by  (8) ___________ time 221 people had become seriously ill. Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste  (9) ___________ (dump) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae. They can form a thick mass in the water,  (10) ___________ (provide) a perfect environment for cholera, a fatal disease. 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 bacteria /bækˈtɪriə/ n. 2 unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliər/ adj. 3 fertilizer /ˈfɜːrtəlaɪər/ n. 4 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 5 cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. 6 algae /ˈældʒiː/ n. 7 conditioner /kənˈdɪʃənər/ n. 8 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 9 fatality /fəˈtæləti/ n. 10 process /ˈprɒses/ v./n. 长难句拆解 The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste dumped directly into the ocean with no processing. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语二轮复习 语法填空真题讲义·停考卷区 说明： 全国甲卷（2021–2024年）、全国乙卷（2021–2023年）已停考，上海卷语法填空部分已被新题型替代。本题集汇编上述停考卷区的历年真题，仅供练习使用——不作命题趋势分析，不作备考策略参考。 但停考卷≠无用卷！ 全国甲/乙卷是老高考的精华，其考点和新高考命题逻辑契合；而上海卷侧重篇章逻辑，是提升长难句分析能力的绝佳素材，适合第二轮复习做“保温训练”。 一、全国甲卷（2024–2021） 【2024年全国甲卷】 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend  (1) ___________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are  (2) ___________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in  (3) ___________ is now northwestern Wyoming. They  (4) ___________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should  (5) ___________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with  (6) ___________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved  (7) ___________ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the  (8) ___________ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the  (9) ___________ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,  (10) ___________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】to catch；treasures；what；were；be done；its；for；completion；largest；which 【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 (1) 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 (2) 考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 (3) 考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 (4) 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 (5) 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 (6) 考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 (7) 考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 (8) 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 (9) 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 (10) 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ adj. 2 preserve /prɪˈzɜːrv/ v. 3 heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 4 witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ n./v. 5 promotional /prəˈmoʊʃənl/ adj. 6 monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n. 7 vow /vaʊ/ v. 8 starry /ˈstɑːri/ adj. 9 completion /kəmˈpliːʃn/ n. 10 acre /ˈeɪkər/ n. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的；令人叹为观止的 2 preserve /prɪˈzɜːrv/ v. 保存；保护 3 heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 遗产；传统 4 witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ n./v. 目击者；见证 5 promotional /prəˈmoʊʃənl/ adj. 推广的；促销的 6 monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n. 纪念碑；纪念地 7 vow /vaʊ/ v. 发誓；郑重承诺 8 starry /ˈstɑːri/ adj. 繁星满天的 9 completion /kəmˈpliːʃn/ n. 完成；结束 10 acre /ˈeɪkər/ n. 英亩 长难句拆解 Yellowstone was the United States' largest national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主句：主语 Yellowstone + 系动词 was + 表语 the United States' largest national park；until引导时间状语从句：主语 Wrangell-Saint Elias + 并列谓语 became / took ● 插入语：2.2 million acres 为破折号夹注的插入成分，补充说明黄石公园的面积 ● 定语从句：which became a national monument in 1978 为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Wrangell-Saint Elias，补充说明其历史背景 ● 介词短语作后置定语：in southern Alaska 修饰专有名词 Wrangell-Saint Elias，说明该地区的地理位置 ● 时间状语：in 1978 修饰 became a national monument；in 1980 修饰 took the honors as a national park ● 介词短语作补充状语：with 12.3 million acres 补充说明 Wrangell-Saint Elias 成为国家公园时的面积 ● 句意：黄石公园占地220万英亩，曾是美国面积最大的国家公园，直到位于阿拉斯加南部的兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯于1978年成为国家纪念地，并于1980年以1230万英亩的面积夺得了'美国最大国家公园'的头衔。 【2023年全国甲卷】 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (1) ___________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the (2) ___________ (six) century BC. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, (3) ___________ Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow. Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America (4) ___________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (5) ___________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (6) ___________ (intend) for everyone. (7) ___________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility (8) ___________ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (9) ___________ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (10) ___________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】to teach；sixth；as；where；borrowing；intended；Different；for；warning；be employed 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Carson的寓言故事风格及特点。 (1) 考查不定式。句意：几千年来，人们讲寓言是为了教育人或传递智慧。不定式表目的, 故填to teach。 (2) 考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多早期文化口述传统的一部分，著名的《伊索寓言》可以追溯到公元前6世纪，某个世纪应该用序数词，故填sixth。 (3) 考查连词。句意：然而，寓言的形式在今天仍然有价值，正如瑞秋•卡森在《明日寓言》中说的那样。此处表示“正如，正像”之意，故填as。 (4) 考查定语从句关系副词。句意：在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生物似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活。此处缺少定语从句引导词，修饰先行词town，且关系词从句中作地点状语，故填where。 (5) 考查现在分词。句意：她的寓言是这样开头的，从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的词。主句中已经有谓语动词begins，因此在不是从句也没有连词的情况下，borrow只能是非谓语动词。和它的逻辑主语her fable是主动关系，故填borrowing。 (6) 考查过去分词。句意：然而，在简单的风格背后，是每个人想要传达的严肃信息。主句中已经有谓语动词is，因此在不是从句也没有连词的情况下，intend只能是非谓语动词，message和intend之间是被动关系, 故填intended。 (7) 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以指责而不是道德结束。different from表示“与......不同”，是固定搭配，同时注意句首首字母大写，故填Different。 (8) 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。for表示“对于”，本题表示对保护环境的责任，故填for。 (9) 考查动词词性转换。句意：然而, 卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更沉重的警告。weighty是形容词, 形容词修饰名词, 动词warn的名词形式为warning，意为“警示”, 故填warning。 (10) 考查被动语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文学形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要事实的注意。and连接两个谓语动词，主语a simple literary form和并列谓语employ之间是被动关系，使用被动语态，空前是情态动词，所以be使用原形，故填be employed。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 fable /ˈfeɪbl/ n. 2 oral /ˈɔːrəl/ adj. 3 co-existence /ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst əns/ n. 4 accusation /ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn/ n. 5 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 6 literary /ˈlɪtəreri/ adj. 7 weighty /ˈweɪti/ adj. 8 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 9 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 fable /ˈfeɪbl/ n. 寓言故事 2 oral /ˈɔːrəl/ adj. 口头的；口述的 3 co-existence /ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst əns/ n. 共存；和平共处 4 accusation /ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn/ n. 控告；指责 5 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的；环保的 6 literary /ˈlɪtəreri/ adj. 文学的 7 weighty /ˈweɪti/ adj. 沉重的；严肃的 8 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任；义务 9 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 使用；采用 长难句拆解 Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主语 Carson + 谓语 proves + that引导的宾语从句 ● 宾语从句主干：主语 a simple literary form + 谓语 can still be employed + 时间状语 today + 目的状语 to draw attention to important truths ● 定语从句：that has been passed down through the ages 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a simple literary form，说明这种文学形式历经世代传承 ● 非谓语动词：to draw attention to important truths 为不定式短语作目的状语，说明使用这种文学形式的目的 ● 被动语态：can still be employed 为情态动词 + 被动语态，表示'仍然可以被运用' ● 句意：卡森证明了，一种历经世代传承的简单文学形式，至今仍能被用来引起人们对重要事实的关注。 【2022年全国甲卷】 A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (1) ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, (2) ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (3) ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. (4) ___________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (5) ___________ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (6) ___________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years, Cao (7) ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s (8) ___________ (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers (9) ___________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, (10) ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months. 【答案】to journey；who；held；A；protection；meaningful；has walked；highest；from；planning 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位来自北京的视觉障碍男子曹晟康受到在北京举行的"一带一路"国际合作论坛的启发，决定徒步旅行并沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护的故事。 (1) 考查动词不定式。句意：作为"一带一路"行程的第一步。在句子中step被序数词the first修饰，应使用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。 (2) 考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一场车祸失明的男子曹晟康穿越了三省40个市县。空格前句子完整，空格后句子不完整，中间逗号隔开，可知此空格处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who。故填who。 (3) 考查过去分词。句意：受到在北京举行的"一带一路"国际合作论坛的启发，曹决定徒步旅行。句子中已有谓语动词，可知此处应为非谓语动词。动词hold置于名词之后，作后置定语修饰名词International Cooperation，二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词，故填held。 (4) 考查不定冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿做他的同伴。空格处无提示词，空格后有单数可数名词。且空格处缺少"一个"的意思，是泛指，应使用不定冠词a，位于句首应大写。故填A。 (5) 考查词性转换。句意：曹、吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。此空格处位于动词promote之后，缺少名词作宾语，故填protection。 (6) 考查词性转换。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。可知此空格处应使用形容词作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 (7) 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年里，曹步行穿越了六大洲的34个国家。本句时间状语是In the last five years，谓语动词应使用现在完成时，主语是Cao，是第三人称单数形式，故填has walked。 (8) 考查形容词最高级。句意：2016年，他登上了非洲乞力马扎罗山山顶——非洲的最高山。提示词为形容词，空格应填修饰mountain的形容词，故此处应为形容词的比较级最高级考点。根据常识可知乞力马扎罗山是非洲的最高山，应使用最高级形式。故填highest。 (9) 考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从西安到喀什飞行了4700公里，计划在五个月内徒步返回西安。可知此空格处表示"从......到......"的意思，构成短语from...to...，故填from。 (10) 考查非谓语之现在分词。句意：9月20日，他从西安到喀什飞行了4700公里，计划在五个月内徒步返回西安。句中已有谓语动词，可知此空格处动词plan在句子中做伴随状语，和逻辑主语He是主动关系，应使用现在分词。故填planning。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 visually-challenged /ˈvɪʒuəli ˈtʃælɪndʒd/ adj. 2 hike /haɪk/ v. 3 tribute /ˈtrɪbjuːt/ n. 4 companion /kəmˈpænjən/ n. 5 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 6 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ v. 7 continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ n. 8 meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 9 collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 visually-challenged /ˈvɪʒuəli ˈtʃælɪndʒd/ adj. 视力障碍的 2 hike /haɪk/ v. 徒步旅行 3 tribute /ˈtrɪbjuːt/ n. 致敬；敬意 4 companion /kəmˈpænjən/ n. 同伴；伙伴 5 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的；环保的 6 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ v. 启发；鼓舞 7 continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ n. 大洲；大陆 8 meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 有意义的 9 collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集；采集 长难句拆解 Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主语 Cao + 谓语 decided + 宾语 to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road ● 非谓语动词（过去分词）：Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing 为过去分词短语作原因状语，表示'受到……的启发' ● 非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）：held in Beijing 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation，表示'在北京举办的' ● 不定式短语：to cover the route by hiking 作宾语，说明曹晟康决定做什么 ● 介词短语：as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road 作状语，表示徒步的目的——向古丝绸之路致敬 ● 句意：受到在北京举办的“一带一路”国际合作论坛的启发，曹晟康决定以徒步的方式走完这条路线，以此向古丝绸之路致敬。 【2021年全国甲卷】 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It (1) ___________ (build) originally to protect the city (2) ___________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible (3) ___________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After (4) ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (5) ___________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We (6) ___________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky (7) ___________ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all (8) ___________ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (9) ___________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (10) ___________ (day) routines. 【答案】was built；in；to walk；spending；better；hired；but,yet；the；watchtowers；daily 【解析】本文作者介绍了西安城墙，以及骑车去参观西安城墙的所见所闻。 (1) 考查谓语动词时态语态。句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。build和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语为it，故填was built。 (2) 考查介词。句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。在某个朝代，用介词in，故填in。 (3) 考查非谓语动词不定式。句意：可以步行或骑自行车走14公里。it作形式主语，所以用不定式作真正主语，故填to walk。 (4) 考查非谓语动词动名词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御装备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比在一段历史中骑行更好的呢！作介词的宾语，所以用动名词，故填spending。 (5) 考查形容词比较级。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御装备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比在一段历史中骑行更好的呢！根据空后的than可知，应用比较级，故填better。 (6) 考查谓语动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故填hired。 (7) 考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还是能骑。前后是转折关系，所以用but/yet连接，故填but/yet。 (8) 考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙骑行了大约3个小时。all the way一路上，为固定搭配，故填the。 (9) 考查名词的数。句意：但是，我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照，或者只是为了看当地人的日常生活。watchtower为可数名词，前面有different修饰，所以用复数名词，故填watchtowers。 (10) 考查词性转换。句意：但是，我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照，或者只是为了看当地人的日常生活。该空作定语修饰名词routines，所以用形容词，故填daily。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 restore /rɪˈstɔːr/ v. 2 access /ˈækses/ v./n. 3 defensive /dɪˈfensɪv/ adj. 4 equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n. 5 rental /ˈrentl/ n./adj. 6 watchtower /ˈwɒtʃtaʊər/ n. 7 routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 8 stream /striːm/ n. 9 shaky /ˈʃeɪki/ adj. 10 supposedly /səˈpoʊzɪdli/ adv. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 restore /rɪˈstɔːr/ v. 修复；恢复 2 access /ˈækses/ v./n. 进入；使用权 3 defensive /dɪˈfensɪv/ adj. 防御的；防守的 4 equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n. 设备；装备 5 rental /ˈrentl/ n./adj. 租赁的；出租的 6 watchtower /ˈwɒtʃtaʊər/ n. 瞭望台 7 routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 日常事务；惯例 8 stream /striːm/ n. 小溪；人流 9 shaky /ˈʃeɪki/ adj. 摇晃的；不稳的 10 supposedly /səˈpoʊzɪdli/ adv. 据称；据说 长难句拆解 After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：由and连接的两个并列分句：① we decided it was time for some action；② what better than to ride on a piece of history ● 介词短语/非谓语动词：After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall 为介词after + 动名词短语作时间状语，表示'在花了一些时间观察城墙上的防御装备之后' ● it作形式主语：it was time for some action 中 it 为形式主语，真正含义是“是时候采取行动了” ● 感叹句/省略句：what better than to ride on a piece of history 为感叹句式，省略了 could be，完整形式为 what could be better than to ride...，表示'还有什么比骑上一段历史更好的呢' ● 不定式短语：to ride on a piece of history 为不定式短语，作比较对象，a piece of history 暗指古城墙 ● 句意：在花了一些时间观察城墙上的防御装备之后，我们决定是时候行动了——还有什么比骑上一段历史更好的呢！ 二、全国乙卷（2023–2021） 【2023年全国乙卷】 Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong (1) ___________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (2) ___________ (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place (3) ___________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (4) ___________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, (5) ___________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (6) ___________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (7) ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (8) ___________ (record) everything I discovered. The (9) ___________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (10) ___________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】to；built；which,that；wonders；but,yet；Having visited；was amazed；recording；remarkable；means 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京如何在现代化发展的同时，保留独特的古建筑的。 (1) 考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的"From Buddhist temples to museums"可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示"从……到……"，用介词to。故填to。 (2) 考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词充当后置定语，表示"精心建造的……"，build和被修饰词"system of ring roads"之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 (3) 考查连词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快速发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为"a place"，定语从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 (4) 考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快速发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空格处为名词形式；根据下文的"historical buildings of the past"可知，空格处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 (5) 考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前"It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work,"和空后"somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination"之间存在转折关系，可用but或yet。故填but/yet。 (6) 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词作状语，和主句主语"I"之间为主动关系；根据时间状语"several times"可知，visit这一动作在谓语动词之前发生过多次，由此推断，空格处用现在分词的完成式。注意句首首字母大写，故填Having visited。 (7) 考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。空格处为本句谓语动词，根据下文"how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing."可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 (8) 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。此处考查固定搭配：spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，故填recording。 (9) 考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词"development of this city"。故填remarkable。 (10) 考查动词时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。空格处是本句谓语动词，"which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world"是定语从句修饰主语development，再结合上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为"development"，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 bridge /brɪdʒ/ v./n. 2 Buddhist /ˈbʊdɪst/ adj./n. 3 distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 4 contrast /ˈkɒntræst/ n. 5 combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 6 heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 7 consciously /ˈkɒnʃəsli/ adv. 8 remarkable /rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/ adj. 9 architectural /ˌɑːrkɪˈtektʃərəl/ adj. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 bridge /brɪdʒ/ v./n. 连接；桥梁 2 Buddhist /ˈbʊdɪst/ adj./n. 佛教的；佛教徒 3 distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 独特的；明显的 4 contrast /ˈkɒntræst/ n. 反差；对比 5 combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 结合；组合 6 heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 遗产；传统 7 consciously /ˈkɒnʃəsli/ adv. 有意识地；自觉地 8 remarkable /rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/ adj. 显著的；非凡的 9 architectural /ˌɑːrkɪˈtektʃərəl/ adj. 建筑的；建筑学的 长难句拆解 The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主语 The remarkable development of this city + 谓语 means + that引导的宾语从句（that省略） ● 定语从句：which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world 为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The remarkable development of this city ● 宾语从句：there is always something new to discover here 为there be句型作宾语从句 ● 并列分句：and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years 为and连接的并列分句，表示作者对北京持续拍摄的可能性 ● 非谓语动词：while stepping into the modern world 为while + 现在分词，表示“在步入现代世界的同时”；to discover 为不定式作后置定语修饰 something new ● 句意：这座城市非凡的发展——有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界——意味着这里总有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里持续拍摄北京。 【2022年全国乙卷】 May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially (1) ___________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate (2) ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society (3) ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (4) ___________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a (5) ___________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a (6) ___________ (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation (7) ___________ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion — Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative. (8) ___________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (9) ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening (10) ___________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 【答案】by；the,this；addressed；largest；responsibility；shared；and；To strengthen；inviting；its 【解析】2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。 (1) 考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，由by引出动作的执行者。故填by。 (2) 考查冠词或限定词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。根据语境，这里特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。此处也可用限定词this表示“这个”节日。故填the/this。 (3) 考查动词时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上发言致辞。根据前文内容“a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday”可知，这里是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。 (4) 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 (5) 考查形容词词性变化。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据空格前面的不定冠词a可知，后面应该接可数名词的单数形式，responsible是形容词，其名词形式是responsibility。故填responsibility。 (6) 考查过去分词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作前置定语来修饰后面的名词future。a shared future表“共有/共享的未来”。故填shared。 (7) 考查并列连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。根据句意，international cooperation和cultural exchanges并列作宾语，用and连接。故填and。 (8) 考查动词不定式。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，需要用不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To strengthen。 (9) 考查现在分词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。 (10) 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句子结构可知，名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 promoter /prəˈmoʊtər/ n. 2 ceremony /ˈserəmoʊni/ n. 3 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 4 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 5 cooperative /koʊˈɒpərətɪv/ adj. 6 unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/ v. 7 exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ n. 8 broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkæst/ n./v. 9 issue /ˈɪʃuː/ v./n. 10 professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ n./adj. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 promoter /prəˈmoʊtər/ n. 推动者；促进者 2 ceremony /ˈserəmoʊni/ n. 典礼；仪式 3 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任；义务 4 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 倡议；主动权 5 cooperative /koʊˈɒpərətɪv/ adj. 合作的；协作的 6 unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/ v. 揭幕；公布 7 exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ n. 展览；展览会 8 broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkæst/ n./v. 广播；播放 9 issue /ˈɪʃuː/ v./n. 发布；问题 10 professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ n./adj. 专业人士；专业的 长难句拆解 The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主语 The 'First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative' + 谓语 calls for + 宾语 people ● 过去分词作定语：issued at the ceremony 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰主语 Initiative，表示'在仪式上发布的' ● 现在分词作定语：working in the tea industry 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 people，表示'在茶行业工作的人们' ● 不定式短语：to come together 为不定式短语作宾语补足语，补充说明 calls for people 的具体要求 ● 目的状语：to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges 为不定式短语作目的状语，说明团结起来的目的 ● 句意：仪式上发布的'首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议'呼吁茶业从业人员团结起来，共同促进国际合作与文化交流。 【2021年全国乙卷】 Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (1) ___________ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (2) ___________ (develop) of the local areas. Ecotourism has (3) ___________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept (4) ___________ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. Due to (5) ___________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types (6) ___________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles • Minimize the impact of (7) ___________ (visit) the place. • Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. • Provide (8) ___________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. • Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. (9) ___________ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim (10) ___________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 【答案】educated；development；its；until；the；of；visiting；financial；Activities；to have 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了生态旅游与传统旅游的不同、生态旅游的起源与发展以及真正的生态旅游应遵守的原则。 (1) 考查词性转换。句意为：它与传统旅游业不同，因为它让旅行者了解该地区的地理环境和文化特征。设空处作系动词 become的表语，应用形容词形式。become educated about sth.意为"了解某事"。故填 educated。 (2) 考查词性转换。定冠词后加名词。develop 的名词形式为 development，故答案为 development。 (3) 考查代词。此处指代生态旅游的起源是源于 1970 年的环境运动，故用 its 指代生态旅游的，用形容词性物主代词。故答案为 its。 (4) 考查介词。"It is not ... until ... "译为：“直到 ...... 才 ...... ”整句译为“直到 20 世纪 80 年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。”故答案为 until。 (5) 考查冠词。本句译为“由于与环境有关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，...... ”，空格在名词popularity之前，同时，根据句意以及设空后的 of environmentally-related and adventure travel 可知，此处特指“与环境有关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎”故答案为定冠词 the。 (6) 考查介词。本句译为 "由于与环境有关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎, 各种类型的旅行现在都被归类为生态旅游。" various types of 表示各种类型的，故答案为 of。 (7) 考查非谓语动词。此处是介词 of 后的宾语，应用动名词的形式，故答案为 visiting。 (8) 考查词性转换。空后 aid 为名词，空处需用形容词作aid 的定语，finance 的形容词为 financial，故答案为 financial。 (9) 考查名词。本句译为“那里的活动包括观赏鲸鱼、徒步旅行 和住宿，目的是降低对自然环境的影响。”活动需用复数形式，又由于此空在句首，首字母需要大写，故答案为 Activities。 (10) 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配“aim to do”表示“目的是做某事”， 故答案为 to have。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 ecotourism /ˌiːkoʊˈtʊrɪzəm/ n. 2 undisturbed /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/ adj. 3 conservation /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃn/ n. 4 biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ n. 5 classify /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ v. 6 awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 7 accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ n. 8 financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ adj. 9 environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ adv. 10 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 ecotourism /ˌiːkoʊˈtʊrɪzəm/ n. 生态旅游 2 undisturbed /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/ adj. 未受干扰的；宁静的 3 conservation /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护；保存 4 biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ n. 生物多样性 5 classify /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ v. 分类；归类 6 awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识；认识 7 accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ n. 住宿；膳宿 8 financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ adj. 财务的；金融的 9 environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ adv. 在环境方面 10 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 原则；原理 长难句拆解 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主语 It + 系动词 is + 表语 different from traditional tourism + because引导的原因状语从句 ● 原因状语从句：because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas... and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas ● 并列谓语：从句中有三个并列谓语：① allows the traveler to become educated... ② provides money for conservation ③ benefits the development of the local areas ● 不定式短语：to become educated about the areas 为不定式短语作宾语补足语，补充说明 allows the traveler 的内容 ● 插入语/补充说明：both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics 为介词短语作补充说明，解释 educated 涉及的两个方面 ● 句意：生态旅游不同于传统旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解当地的地理环境和文化特征，而且通常还能为自然保护提供资金，促进当地的发展。 三、上海卷（2023–2021） 【2023年6月上海卷】 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who  (1) ___________ (know ) for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning “smoke” in his native tongue. He had come a long way  (2) ___________ (watch ) over his kingdom,  (3) ___________ (assume ) the throne (王权) at a young age. One day, a dispute arose in the kingdom, Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land, They could not settle the matter themselves  (4) ___________ each claimed the land was theirs. The case was brought before King Mosi, who was known for his fair judgments. The king listened to both sides of the story. He then asked, “Who among you can tell me.how many seeds are in the fruit of the baobab tree?” The farmers looked at each other, puzzled. They did not know the answer. King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit, you cannot prove  (5) ___________ this land belongs to. Therefore, I decree that this land shall be shared between you. You will work on it together and share the fruits of your labor equally.” The farmers were taken aback by the king's wisdom. They agreed to the king's decision and thanked him for his fair judgment. From that day forward, they  (6) ___________ work together on the land and became the best friends. The people of the kingdom admired King Mosi's wisdom. They would remain  (7) ___________ ( seat ) for hours, listening to his wise words and learning from his judgments. The story of King Mosi's wisdom spread far and wide, and he was respected by all who heard about him. And so, king Mosi continued to rule his kingdom with wisdom and fairness, earning  (8) ___________ a place in the annals (编年史) of history, His story is a reminder of (9) ___________ wisdom can bring  (10) ___________ peace and harmony. It is a story that has been passed down through generations, a testament to King Mosi's enduring legacy. This is the story of King Mosi, a wise and just ruler who made a significant impact on his kingdom and its people, His story continues to inspire and teach valuable lessons about leadership and justice. 【答案】was known；to watch；assuming；because；who,whom；could；seated；himself；how；about 【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个关于智慧与公正的非洲国王Mosi的故事。 (1) 考查动词时态。句意：从前，在非洲的中心，有一位以智慧和勇气著称的国王，他的名字叫Mosi，在他的母语中是“烟”的意思。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是was，后文who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为“被人们所知道”，be known for意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时。故填 was known。 (2) 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了守护王国，他走过了漫长的道路，年纪轻轻就登上了王位。分析句子结构可知，空格前的主语和谓语为He had come判定空格处为非谓语结构。再根据句意判定，该空所在的位置需要填入动词不定式作目的状语，表示“他走过了很长的路来监视他的王国”。故填to watch。 (3) 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了守护王国，他走过了漫长的道路，年纪轻轻就登上了王位。分析句子结构可知，空格前的句子的谓语是had come，且空格的提示动词前有逗号，判定此处为非谓语结构。根据句意该空需要填入一个非调语动词来表示主语He的行为，同时这个行为与主句中的had come a long way是同时发生的，因此应该使用现在分词assuming，表示伴随。故填assuming。 (4) 考查连词。句意：一天，国中发生了一场纠纷，两个农夫为一块土地的所有权而争执，他们无法解决，因为他们都声称那块土地是自己的。分析句子结构可知，空格前是主调宾结构的简单句，空格后是含宾语从句的句子，因此这里需要填入一个连词。又根据上下文提及的They could not settle the matter themselves和each claimed the land was theirs可推知“他们自己无法解决这个问题是因为他们每个人都声称这块土地是他们的”，because表示原因。故填because。 (5) 考查宾语从句。句意：Mosi王又说：“你不能告诉我猴面包树的种子有多少，你也不能证明这地是谁的。因此，我命令这片土地归你们所有。你们要共同努力，平分劳动的果实。”分析句子结构，该空引导的宾语从句作prove的宾语且该宾语从句中缺少宾语，结合上下文内容，这里需要填入一个指代人的关系代词，表示“土地属于谁”，在句中作宾语，用who或者whom引导。故填 who或者whom。 (6) 考查情态动词。句意：从那天起，他们可以一起在土地上工作，成为最好的朋友。分析句子结构可知，该句不缺少成分，且谓语动词为原型，故考虑情态动词，结合上下文内容可推知，此处想要表述的是“因为国王的决定，他们能够(could)在一起工作，成为最好的朋友”。故填could。 (7) 考查形容词。句意：他们会一坐就是几个小时，听着他睿智的话语，从他的判断中学习。分析句子结构可知， remain 为系动词，后接形容词作表语。seated 为形容词，意为“坐着的”，remain seated 表示“保持坐着的状态”。故填 seated。 (8) 考查反身代词。句意：因此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公正统治他的王国，为自己在历史编年史上赢得了一席之地。他的故事提醒我们，智慧如何带来和平与和谐。分析句子结构可知,该空处需要填入代词或名词作earning的宾语，又结合句意推知，此处想要表述的是“因此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公平统治他的王国，使他自己(himself)在历史史册上赢得了一席之地”。故填himself。 (9) 考查宾语从句。句意：因此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公正统治他的王国，为自己在历史编年史上赢得了一席之地。他的故事提醒我们，智慧如何带来和平与和谐。分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入一个可以引导宾语从句的连词，且从句中不缺少主干成分，又根据相关句意推知，此处想要表述的是“他的故事给了我们一个关于智慧是如何带来和平与和谐的提醒”，how 有“如何”之意。故填how。 (10) 考査介词。句意：因此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公正统治他的王国，为自己在历史编年史上赢得了一席之地。他的故事提醒我们，智慧如何带来和平与和谐。bring about意为“导致；引起”。故填about。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/ n. 2 ownership /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/ n. 3 baobab /ˈbeɪəbæb/ n. 4 decree /dɪˈkriː/ v./n. 5 judgment /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 6 annal /ˈænl/ n. 7 legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. 8 testament /ˈtestəmənt/ n. 9 fairness /ˈfeərnəs/ n. 10 puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ v./n. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/ n. 争端；纠纷 2 ownership /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/ n. 所有权；产权 3 baobab /ˈbeɪəbæb/ n. 猴面包树 4 decree /dɪˈkriː/ v./n. 颁布；法令 5 judgment /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 判决；判断 6 annal /ˈænl/ n. 编年史；年鉴 7 legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. 遗产；遗留 8 testament /ˈtestəmənt/ n. 证明；证据 9 fairness /ˈfeərnəs/ n. 公正；公平 10 puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ v./n. 使困惑；难题 长难句拆解 Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit, you cannot prove who this land belongs to. Therefore, I decree that this land shall be shared between you. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：由两个独立分句构成：① you cannot prove who this land belongs to（主句）；② I decree that this land shall be shared between you ● 方式状语从句：Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit 为just as引导的方式状语从句，表示'正如……一样' ● 宾语从句①：who this land belongs to 为宾语从句，作prove的宾语，表示“这块土地属于谁” ● 宾语从句②：that this land shall be shared between you 为宾语从句，作decree的宾语，说明法令的内容 ● 介词短语：in the baobab fruit 修饰 seeds，说明种子的来源 ● 句意：正如你们无法告诉我猴面包树果实中种子的数量一样，你们也无法证明这块土地属于谁。因此，我裁定这片土地由你们二人共享。 【2022年上海卷-春季】 The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September 1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light. The light did not come from the sun or the moon — and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky,  (1) ___________ (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind. In the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portland, 160 km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but  (2) ___________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth,  (3) ___________ it is called aurora borealis or Northern Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it  (4) ___________ (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth? The aurora is made by something  (5) ___________ (call) the ‘solar wind’ (wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun all the time at about 400 kilometres a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it  (6) ___________ these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two ‘windows’ in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places, the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash into the particles that are already in our sky. And  (7) ___________ this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place  (8) ___________ (see) the aurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland. To see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometres to see the aurora, and they can never be sure  (9) ___________ it will happen. But (10) ___________ does see it says that they will never forget it. 【答案】coming；they；where；has not happened；called；against；when,as；to see；whether,if；whoever 【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了极光。 (1) 考查现在分词。句意：光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，且come与 The light为主动关系。故填coming。 (2) 考查代词作作主语。句意：他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知，后半句的主语也为“they”，故填they。 (3) 考查定语从句。句意：通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the very north of the earth，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 (4) 考查现在完成时的否定结构。句意：我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，主语it表示单数意义，故填has not happened。 (5) 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：极光是由一种叫做“太阳风”（来自太阳的分高）的东西产生。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，something与call为被动关系，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰something，故填called。 (6) 考查介词。句意：地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against...“保卫……以免受……”，故填against。 (7) 考查时间状语从句。句意：当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。 本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen? (为什么会发生极光？)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，用when或as引导时间状语从句，故填when/as。 (8) 考查动词不定式。句意：阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。根据句子谓语动词is判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式：(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故填to see。 (9) 考查宾语从句。句意：人们千里迢迢去看极光，却永远无法确定它是否会发生。此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether或if引导，故填whether或if。 (10) 考查主语从句。句意：但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填whoever。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 aurora /ɔːˈrɔːrə/ n. 2 borealis /ˌbɔːriˈeɪlɪs/ adj. 3 particle /ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ n. 4 magnetic /mæɡˈnetɪk/ adj. 5 telegraph /ˈtelɪɡræf/ n. 6 electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 7 defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 8 crash /kræʃ/ v. 9 uninterrupted /ˌʌnɪntəˈrʌptɪd/ adj. 10 australis /ɔːˈstrælɪs/ adj. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 aurora /ɔːˈrɔːrə/ n. 极光 2 borealis /ˌbɔːriˈeɪlɪs/ adj. 北方的（用于aurora borealis北极光） 3 particle /ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ n. 微粒；粒子 4 magnetic /mæɡˈnetɪk/ adj. 磁的；有磁性的 5 telegraph /ˈtelɪɡræf/ n. 电报机 6 electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电；电力 7 defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 防御；保护 8 crash /kræʃ/ v. 碰撞；撞击 9 uninterrupted /ˌʌnɪntəˈrʌptɪd/ adj. 不间断的 10 australis /ɔːˈstrælɪs/ adj. 南方的（用于aurora australis南极光） 长难句拆解 The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it against these particles. This wall is called the earth’s magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：两个并列分句：① The earth has a kind of 'wall' around it（主句）；② it pushes the particles away on either side ● 定语从句：that defends it against these particles 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 wall，说明这堵'墙'的作用是抵御粒子 ● 被动语态：This wall is called the earth's magnetic field 为被动语态，表示'这堵墙被称为地球磁场' ● 介词短语：against these particles 表示防御的对象；on either side 表示'在两侧' ● 固定搭配：defend...against... 意为“保护……免受……” ● 句意：地球周围有一种'墙'，可以保护它免受这些粒子的侵害。这堵墙被称为地球磁场，它将粒子推向两侧。 【2022年上海卷-秋季】 How to Start a New Business An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to aid  (1) ___________ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took  (2) ___________ (achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions, and you will find more preparations for it. Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur？ Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies  (3) ___________ (know) as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society,  (4) ___________ (develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the  (5) ___________ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service. Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects？ Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company's revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine  (6) ___________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences,  (7) ___________ they may use to enhance a firm. Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful？ Answer:  (8) ___________ an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style (9) ___________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short-and long-term goals.  (10) ___________ successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short-and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research. 【答案】them；to achieve；is known；develops；existing；what；which；As；characterized；A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了企业家的定义，及采访企业家需要准备的一些相关问题。 (1) 考查代词。句意：成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路。根据语境可知，要帮助的人指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即前文的“aspiring entrepreneurs”，所以应填入人称代词宾格，作aid的宾语，且表复数。故填them。 (2) 考查动词不定式。句意：采访企业家来帮助他们可能会让他们深入了解他们为取得成功所采取的步骤。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功”。故填to achieve。 (3) 考查时态语态。句意：通过创新战略建立和发展自己公司的个人被称为企业家。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据空后的as可知，本题考查固定搭配“be known as”，意为“被称为；被认为是……”。本句话描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为An individual，所以be动词用单数形式。故填is known。 (4) 考查时态。句意：企业家感知到社会的商业需求，发展出一个创业的想法，然后主动创办自己的公司。该空是一个谓语动词且与前面的perceives和and后面的takes并列，时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填develops。 (5) 考查形容词。句意：假设一个商业创意并不专注于生产一种填补现有市场空白的产品。空处需要形容词作定语修饰后面的名词。existing为形容词“现存的”。故填existing。 (6) 考查宾语从句。句意：企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“其他企业在做什么”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。 (7) 考查定语从句。句意：与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰现行词“the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences”。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 (8) 考查介词。句意：作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。根据语境可知，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，所以用介词as，首字母大写。故填As。 (9) 考查非谓语动词。句意：它需要一种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格。空处需要非谓语动词作后置定语。该动词和修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填characterized。 (10) 考查冠词。句意：一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序。这里的entrepreneur为可数名词单数，空处需要不定冠词表示泛指，表示“一个成功的企业家”。空后的单词为辅音音素开始发音的单词，所以用不定冠词a，首字母大写。故填A。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːr/ n. 2 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 3 prospective /prəˈspektɪv/ adj. 4 competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 5 multitask /ˌmʌltiˈtæsk/ v. 6 prioritize /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ v. 7 innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ adj. 8 revenue /ˈrevənjuː/ n. 9 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 10 significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːr/ n. 企业家 2 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的 3 prospective /prəˈspektɪv/ adj. 潜在的；预期的 4 competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 5 multitask /ˌmʌltiˈtæsk/ v. 同时处理多项任务 6 prioritize /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ v. 优先处理；确定优先级 7 innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ adj. 创新的；革新的 8 revenue /ˈrevənjuː/ n. 收入；税收 9 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 主动性；首创精神 10 significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 重要性；意义 长难句拆解 An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, develops an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主语 An entrepreneur + 三个并列谓语：① perceives a commercial need ② develops an idea ③ takes the initiative ● 并列谓语：三个动词短语由逗号+and连接，构成连续动作序列：perceives → develops → takes ● 介词短语：in their society 修饰 commercial need，说明商业需求的范围；for a business 修饰 idea，说明想法的方向 ● 不定式短语：to start their firm 为不定式短语作目的状语或宾语补足语，说明采取主动行动的目的 ● 句意：企业家能够察觉社会中的商业需求，形成创业想法，然后主动创办自己的公司。 【2021年上海卷-春季】 Why Being in a Band Is Cool When you were younger, a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a flute (长笛) from class to class just for a half-hour lesson  (1) __________ have seemed pointless. But as you enter the adult world suddenly you realize that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute. So, what makes being in a band so cool? Is it because you get to go on stage and play to millions of adoring fans? Well, yes, but it’ll be a few years before your dodgy rendition of ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts to resemble a Mozart symphony. (2) ___________ talented you've been in music it's still not easy to organize a band, but here's a quick guide to get you started: 1) Find your members. You'll need a drummer, a guitarist, a bass guitarist and a singer. Any other instruments are a bonus. This is where  (3) ___________ (play) the flute comes in, if you can make playing the flute cool, you deserve all the fame and fortune in the world! 2) Organize a band practice. If you are lucky enough to have a band member  (4) ___________ a drum kit and parents who are hard of hearing, you can practise at home for free. Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio  (5) ___________ can be expensive.  (6) ___________ (divide) the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer, you rock together, you roll together ! 3) Be productive. If you're paying for a studio, the last thing you want is to spend it catching up with each other, so meet half an hour in advance to get all the chatting  (7) ___________ (finish). 4) Agree on songs to learn, and learn them! Each band member should choose a song for the whole band  (8) ___________ (learn) ready for rehearsal. This will allow you to see  (9) ___________ genres (类型) work for your group. (5) Start writing. Once you know what music works for you, start writing! You can do this individually or as a band but the most important thing is to respect other people’s songs. It’s very rare to find  (10) ___________ who isn’t shy about sharing their first few pieces of writing, so be nice! If that sounds like a lot of hard work, then you're right! If it also sounds like a lot of fun, get started! But what is it that makes all that hard work worth it? Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team. Once you can do that you'll be well on your way to finding what it is about you that makes you unique, special and cool! 【答案】may；However；playing；with；which/,that；Divide；finished；to learn；what；someone 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了组建乐队的快速指南。 (1) 考查情态动词。句意：带着长笛从一个班到另一个班仅仅上半小时的课似乎毫无意义。此句中有主语和谓语，在主语和谓语之间的空格缺少情态动词，且结合前句中的may可知，此处也表示不确定的推测，应用情态动词may。故填may。 (2) 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你在音乐方面多么有天赋，组建一支乐队仍然不容易，但这里有一个快速指南可以让你开始。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，结合语意，此处表示“无论多么有天赋”，应用连词however引导从句，修饰形容词talented，置于句首，首字母大写。故填However。 (3) 考查动名词。句意：这就是吹长笛的用武之地，如果你能让吹长笛变得很酷，你就值得拥有世界上所有的名利！分析句子结构可知，空处在where引导的表语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填playing。 (4) 考查介词。句意：如果你足够幸运，有一个有架子鼓的乐队成员和听力障碍的父母，你可以在家里自由练习。结合语意可知，此处表示一个有架子鼓的乐队成员，所以空处应用介词with，表示“有”。故填with。 (5) 考查定语从句。句意：否则，你需要在当地找一个可能价格昂贵的工作室。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词studio，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 (6) 考查祈使句。句意：均摊成本，包括为鼓手租用钹等任何设备的成本，你们一起摇滚，一起翻滚！分析句子结构可知，本句为祈使句，应用动词原形形式置于句首，首字母大写。故填Divide。 (7) 考查过去分词。句意：如果你要为一个工作室付费，你最不想做的就是花时间互相了解，所以提前半个小时见面，完成所有的闲聊。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，finish与逻辑主语the chatting之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填finished。 (8) 考查动词不定式。句意：每个乐队成员都应该为整个乐队选择一首歌曲来学习，为排练做好准备。分析句子结构可知，a song与learn是逻辑上的动宾关系， the whole band是动作的发出者，空处使用动词不定式主动形式作状语，表示被动含义。故填to learn。 (9) 考查宾语从句。句意：这将允许你看到什么类型的作品适合你的团队。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语，what在从句中作定语修饰genres，表示“什么”，符合题意。故填what。 (10) 考查不定代词。句意：很少有人会不羞于分享他们的前几首曲子，所以要友善！空处作动词find的宾语，且结合空处who引导的限制性定语从句可知，此处表示“某人”，应用不定代词someone。故填someone。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rendition /renˈdɪʃn/ n. 2 symphony /ˈsɪmfəni/ n. 3 rehearsal /rɪˈhɜːrsl/ n. 4 genre /ˈʒɒnrə/ n. 5 adore /əˈdɔːr/ v. 6 instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 7 productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ adj. 8 flute /fluːt/ n. 9 drummer /ˈdrʌmə(r)/ n. 10 precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 rendition /renˈdɪʃn/ n. 演奏；演绎 2 symphony /ˈsɪmfəni/ n. 交响乐；交响曲 3 rehearsal /rɪˈhɜːrsl/ n. 排练；彩排 4 genre /ˈʒɒnrə/ n. 类型；体裁 5 adore /əˈdɔːr/ v. 崇拜；热爱 6 instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 乐器；工具 7 productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ adj. 有成效的；多产的 8 flute /fluːt/ n. 长笛 9 drummer /ˈdrʌmə(r)/ n. 鼓手 10 precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的 长难句拆解 Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：两个独立分句：① Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons；② It is a fun way of learning about... ● 动名词短语作主语：Being in a band 为动名词短语作主语，表示'在乐队中（的经历）' ● 双宾语：teaches you precious life lessons 中 you 为间接宾语，precious life lessons 为直接宾语 ● 宾语从句/介词宾语：how to share opinions respectfully, be creative, become more confident and work as a team 为'疑问词+不定式'结构，作介词about的宾语 ● 并列不定式：四个不定式短语并列：to share / (to) be / (to) become / (to) work，省略了后三个to ● 句意：在乐队中能教会你宝贵的人生道理。这是一种有趣的方式来学习如何尊重地分享意见、发挥创造力、变得更加自信以及团队协作。 【2021年上海卷-秋季】 The Spread of Disease Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease.When people arrive in a new place, they may bring in bacteria that  (1) ___________ present in the past. The people there have no natural protection  (2) ___________ these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily.  (3) ___________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was  (4) ___________ happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and  (5) ___________ cost millions of lives. Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria  (6) ___________ (grow). Then when the air conditioner  (7) ___________ (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers.They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by  (8) ___________ time 221 people had become seriously ill. Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste  (9) ___________ (dump) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae. They can form a thick mass in the water,  (10) ___________ (provide) a perfect environment for cholera, a fatal disease. 【答案】weren’t；against；Because/Since/As；what；it；to grow；is turned；which；dumped；providing 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了疾病传播的几种途径。 (1) 考查时态。句意：当人们到达一个新地方时，他们可能会带来过去不存在的细菌。本空为that引导的定语从句的谓语，定语从句修饰先行词bacteria，从句描述过去的情况，时态用一般过去时，that代替bacteria作主语，be动词用were，否定形式为weren’t 。故填weren’t。 (2) 考查介词。句意：那里的人对这些新细菌没有天然的保护，所以他们更容易感染疾病。protection against意为“对……的保护”，为固定搭配。故填against。 (3) 考查原因状语从句。句意：因为它是陌生的，卫生工作者可能无法识别它或阻止它传播。本空引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，应用because或since或as，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Because/Since/As。 (4) 考查表语从句。句意：例如，这就是第一次世界大战结束时士兵们回家时发生的事情。本空引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故应用what引导从句。故填what。 (5) 考查代词。句意：这些士兵带来了西班牙流感，夺走了数百万人的生命。此处指代前文的 the Spanish flu，在句中作主语，应用代词 it。故填it。 (6) 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们容易收集灰尘和水，这使得细菌容易生长。make it+adj.+for sb./sth. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“使某人/某物做某事是……的”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式，本空用grow“生长”的不定式形式。的故填to grow。 (7) 考查动词语态。句意：然后，当空调打开时，细菌会被吹进家里或办公室，让人生病。句子陈述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且句子主语air conditioner与turn on“打开”之间为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is turned。 (8) 考查定语从句。句意：1976年7月，科学家们首次认识到这个问题，当时已有221人病重。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为July 1976，关系词代替先行词在从句中作by的宾语，故应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 (9) 考查非谓语动词。句意：污染可能是由流入河流然后流入海洋的化肥，或由未经处理直接排入海洋的人类废物造成的。句中有谓语动词may be caused，故空格处应用非谓语动词，human waste与dump“倾倒”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填dumped。 (10) 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们可以在水中形成一团厚厚的物质，为致命的霍乱提供一个完美的环境。句中有谓语动词can form，故空格处应用非谓语动词，They与provide“提供”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填providing。 核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 bacteria /bækˈtɪriə/ n. 2 unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliər/ adj. 3 fertilizer /ˈfɜːrtəlaɪər/ n. 4 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 5 cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. 6 algae /ˈældʒiː/ n. 7 conditioner /kənˈdɪʃənər/ n. 8 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 9 fatality /fəˈtæləti/ n. 10 process /ˈprɒses/ v./n. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 bacteria /bækˈtɪriə/ n. 细菌（复数） 2 unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliər/ adj. 不熟悉的；陌生的 3 fertilizer /ˈfɜːrtəlaɪər/ n. 化肥；肥料 4 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 污染物 5 cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. 霍乱 6 algae /ˈældʒiː/ n. 藻类；海藻 7 conditioner /kənˈdɪʃənər/ n. 调节器；空调 8 recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 识别；承认 9 fatality /fəˈtæləti/ n. 致命性；死亡 10 process /ˈprɒses/ v./n. 加工；过程 长难句拆解 The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste dumped directly into the ocean with no processing. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意：________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干：主语 The pollution + 谓语 may be caused + by引导的两个并列施动者 ● 被动语态：may be caused 为情态动词 + 被动语态，表示“可能由……引起” ● 定语从句：that wash into rivers and then into the ocean 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 fertilizers，说明肥料如何进入水体 ● 过去分词作定语：dumped directly into the ocean with no processing 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 human waste，表示'未经处理直接排入海洋的人类废物' ● 介词短语：with no processing 作方式状语，修饰 dumped，说明排放方式——未经处理 ● 句意：这种污染可能是由流入河流再进入海洋的化肥造成的，也可能是由未经处理直接排入海洋的人类废物造成的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $